March 31, 2007

Laboratory Report: MEDE2005 Thermofluid for Medical Engineers

Applied Thermodynamics Laboratory Test on domestic Air-Conditioner (Mod. TAC/82)

Wong Yan Tak BEng in Medical Engineering Programme Faculty o Engineering The !ni"er#ity o $ong %ong Pok ulam &oad, $ong %ong !ni"er#ity 'o() -a. /e##ion) 200*20*7+, 0,, March 31, 2007

I.

Bac !ro"nd

The te#t unit T123+2 4a# a dome#tic air5conditioner( 6t u#ed Freon522 a# it# 4orking luid and 4a# 7o4ered .y a 0(*$P $ermetic 2om7re##or( The conden#er and e"a7orator 4ere t4o orced5air inned heat e8changer# cooled .y a t4o54heel an( The e87an#ion o the 4orking luid mainly took 7lace in the ca7illary tu.e#( The unit 4a# e9ui77ed 4ith 7eri7heral in#trument# #uch a# 7re##ure gauge, digital thermometer, loating lo4meter, thermo#tat and #ight gla##, etc( The#e in#trument# hel7ed indicating the #tatu# o the unit, including it# 7o4er con#um7tion, tem7erature and 7re##ure# in #ome im7ortant 7art# o the unit( By u#ing data on the#e in#trument#, the actual 7er ormance o the unit could .e 9uantitati"ely e87re##ed(

II.

#b$ecti%es

The o.:ecti"e o thi# la.oratory #e##ion 4a# to determine the actual coe icient o 7er ormance o the re rigeration unit(

III.

&es"lts and Calc"lations

The e87eriment# 4ere carried out 4ith t4o #etting# o the T123+2, one 4ith ;<= indicating high an #7eed, and another 4ith ;<<<= indicating lo4 an #7eed(

Figure 1) The T123+2 1ir52onditioning !nit

2

The room tem7erature recorded 4a# 2,o2, and the 7re##ure 4a# 1.ar >100kPa?( Fan /etting -o4 0auge Pre##ure 3.ar $igh 0auge Pre##ure 3.ar Wattmeter &eading 3W Boltmeter &eading 3B 1mmeter &eading 31 1ir Tem7erature at E"a7orator Cutlet 3o2 &e rigerant Flo4rate 3>l3min? 2om7re##or 6nlet Tem7erature, t13o2 2om7re##or Cutlet Tem7erature, t23o2 2onden#er Cutlet Tem7erature, t313 2 2a7illary 6nlet Tem7erature, t33o2 E"a7orator Tem7erature#, te13 2 te23o2 te33o2 te,3o2
o o

@<@ 2(A A2* 21* 2(+

@<<<@ 3 A00 21* 2(7

12(A 13(+

1D(7 17(+ 0(2* 0(2A 2A(A 2+(2 72 2D 0 1D(3 22(+ 2,(+ D0(* 31(D 0(7 1*(A 23 2*(7

2+(7 31(1

The colour o the re rigerant in the #ight cla## 4a# .lue throughout the e87eriment, indicating it 4a# unctioning 7ro7erly(

Figure 2) 2olour indicator o the &e rigerant

1 ter taking the atmo#7heric 7re##ure into account, the actual lo4 and high gauge 7re##ure# could .e o.tained( Then the corre#7onding enthal7ie# in di erent tem7erature# could .e ound rom the Pre##ure5Enthal7y Eiagram or the 1ir52onditioning Model( From the diagram#, the enthal7ie# o.tained 4ere a# ollo4#) Fan /etting ;<= Enthal7y 3>kF3kg? $1, at PG3(A.ar and T1Gt1 $2, at PG13(A.ar and T2Gt2 $3, at PG13(A.ar and T3Gt3 $, G $3 $1, at PG,.ar and T1Gt1 $2, at PG1,(+.ar and T2Gt2 $3, at PG1,(+.ar and T3Gt3 $, G $3 ,2A ,,7 23* 23* ,2* ,A1 23+ 23+

;<<<=

$eat taken u7 in e"a7orator G $1 H $, >kF3kg? $eat gi"en u7 in conden#er G $2 H $3 >kF3kg? 1ctual 2om7re##ion Work G $2 H $1 >kF3kg? 1ctual coe icient o 7er ormance, 2CPactual G For Fan /etting at ;<=, $1 H $, G 1D1kF3kg $2 H $3 G 212kF3kg $2 H $1 G 21kF3kg or thi# #etting, 2CPactual G
1D1 = D(0D*2 21

H1 H , H 2 H1

For Fan /etting at ;<<<=, $1 H $, G 1+7kF3kg $2 H $3 G 223kF3kg $2 H $1 G 3AkF3kg or thi# #etting, 2CPactual G
1+7 = *(1D,, 3A

I'.

(isc"ssions and Concl"sions

The circuit diagram o the air5conditioner 4a# a# ollo4#( For di erent an #etting#, the tem7erature# in the 7art# "aried(

t31G2Do2 T2G72o2

T3G2+(7 2

T1G2A(Ao2 T,G22(+o2

Figure 3) 2ircuit Eiagram 4ith tem7erature la.el# or Fan /etting ;<=

t31G31(Do2

T3G31(1o2

T2GD0(*o2

T1G2+(2o2 T,G23o2

Figure ,) 2ircuit Eiagram 4ith tem7erature la.el# or Fan /etting ;<<<=

6n thi# e87eriment, all 7roce##e# #hould .e re"er#i.le in theory( $o4e"er, there 4ere #ome con#traint# to make the#e 7roce##e# irre"er#i.le( /ome o them 4ere luid riction .et4een 7i7e 4all# and the re rigerant a# 4ell a# heat tran# er to and rom #urrounding# through tem7erature di erence( 6n the ideal cycle, the re rigerant lea"e# the e"a7orator and enter# the com7re##or in #aturated "a7our #tate( $o4e"er, in reality, it may not .e 7o##i.le to control the #tate o the re rigerant #o 7reci#ely( 6n#tead, the #y#tem 4a# de#igned #o that the re rigerant 4a# #lightly #u7erheated at the com7re##or inlet( Thi# #light modi ication en#ured that the re rigerant 4a# com7letely "a7oriIed 4hen it entered the com7re##or( 1l#o, the ca7illary tu.ule# connecting the e"a7orator to the com7re##or 4a# u#ually "ery long, re#ulting in the 7re##ure dro7 cau#ed .y luid riction and heat tran# er rom the #urrounding# to the re rigerant could not .e neglected( The#e actor# contri.uted to the increa#e in the #7eci ic "olume o the re rigerant, thu# an increa#e in the 7o4er in7ut re9uirement to the com7re##or #ince #teady5 lo4 4ork 4a# 7ro7ortional to the #7eci ic "olume( The com7re##ion 7roce## in the ideal cycle i# internally re"er#i.le and adia.atic( The actual com7re##ion 7roce##, ho4e"er, included rictional e ect#, 4hich increa#ed the entro7y( The heat tran# er might alter the entro7y de7ending on it# direction( There ore, the entro7y o the re rigerant "aried during actual com7re##ion 7roce##( Thi# "ariation might .e .ene icial i the #7eci ic "olume o the re rigerant could .e made #maller a# 4ell a# the 4ork in7ut re9uirement( 1 #ugge#tion 4a# to cool the re rigerant during the com7re##ion 7roce## 4hene"er 7ractical and economical( 6n ideal ca#e, the re rigerant i# a##umed to lea"e the conden#er a# #aturated li9uid at the com7re##or e8it 7re##ure( 6n actual ca#e, ho4e"er, it 4a# una"oida.le to ha"e #ome 7re##ure dro7 in the conden#er a# 4ell a# in the 7i7e# connecting the conden#er to the com7re##or( Be#ide#, it 4a# di icult to e8ecute the conden#ation 7roce## 4ith #uch 7reci#ion that the re rigerant 4a# a #aturated li9uid at the end, and it 4a# unde#ira.le to route the re rigerant to the e87an#ion "al"e .e ore the re rigerant had com7letely conden#ed( There ore, the re rigerant 4a# irre"er#i.ly cooled #ome4hat .e ore it entered the throttling "al"e(