CE 321 Materials of Construction

321LabReqS01.doc

CE 321 MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION Laboratory Requirements

Spring, 2001 Laboratory Instructor: N. Randy Rainwater

(nrainwat@utk.edu) Estabrook Rm 10-B1 (mail box in Perkins 1st floor) 974-3355 http://web.utk.edu/~rainwter/ce321labdata.htm

N. Randy Rainwater

Page 1

12/20/00

CE 321 Materials of Construction

321LabReqS01.doc

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Laboratory Schedule General Instructions for Lab Work and Report Writing Laboratory Testing Measuring Stress and Strain Tensile, Impact, Torsion Testing of Metal Hardness Testing of Metal Aggregate Grain Size Distribution and Unit Weight Aggregate Specific Gravity and Absorption Mix and Test Fresh Concrete Capping Concrete Cylinders Nondestructive Testing of Concrete Concrete Strength Asphalt Binder Testing Asphalt Mix Testing 1 and 2 Compression and Bending Tests of Wood Appendix A - Data Sheets Stress Strain Tensile Impact Hardness Grain Size Analysis Bulk Density of Coarse Aggregate Aggregate Specific Gravity and Absorption Mixing and Testing Fresh Concrete Resonant Frequency and Pulse Velocity Rebound Number and Penetration Resistance Compressive Strength Flexural Strength Traditional Asphalt Binder Testing Superpave Binder Testing Asphalt Theoretical Maximum Specific Gravity Asphalt Bulk Specific Gravity (Marshall), Flow and Stability Asphalt Bulk Specific Gravity (Gyratory), Ignition Oven, % Voids Gyratory Compaction Wood Compression Wood Bending Appendix B - Concrete Mixing and Testing Notes 3 4

8 9 10 11 13 14 14 15 16 17 18, 19 20

22 23, 24 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37, 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 47

N. Randy Rainwater

Page 2

12/20/00

CE 321 Materials of Construction

321LabReqS01.doc

CE 321 LABORATORY SCHEDULE - Spring, 2001

(Unless noted otherwise, all labs will meet in Room 10 Estabrook Hall) Labs: Tuesday, 2:10-4:55; Thursday 9:40 - 12:25, 2:10 - 4:55
Week Of Topic Data/ Inspection Report No. (Week due) 20% Formal Lab Report No. (Week due) 80% Mamlouk text Exp. No.

1-7

1-14

1-21 1-28 2-4 2-11 2-18 2-25 3-4 3-11 3-18 3-25

NO LABS Send an email message to nrainwat@utk.edu indicating your lab session (this is an assignment!) Introduction to laboratory, Measuring Stresses and Strains (Rm 10 Perkins Hall) Compression and Bending of Wood Metals Testing: tensile, impact (room 10, Perkins Hall) Field Trip to Fabricator Aggregate Grain Size Distribution, Unit Weight, Wash 200 Aggregate Specific Gravity and Absorption Field Trip to Aggregate Quarry Concrete Mix and Field Testing (dress for the occasion) Concrete Plant Field Trip Spring Break Cap cylinders, Demonstration of Windsor Probe and Schmidt Impact Hammer (NDT) Concrete Strength Test (28 day) Asphalt Mix Testing: Theoretical max. s.g., Marshall compaction, Gyratory compaction Marshall Flow and stability, Bulk s.g., Ignition oven No Lab Work on Comprehensive Report (10% of Final Class Exam-not averaged with laboratory report grades) No Lab

1 (1/21) 2 (1/28) 3 3 (2/11) 4 4 4 (3/4) 5 5

1 (2/4)

29 2-4

2 (2/18) 3 (2/25) 4 (3/11) 5 (3/25)

6 7, 8

9 - 13

(14, 17, 18)

4-1

6 (4/8) -

5 (4/8) 6

15, 16 24, 25

4-8 4-15

6 (4/15) Due by 4:30 on 4/30

26, 27

4-22

Send an email message to nrainwat@utk.edu indicating your lab session (this is an assignment!)

N. Randy Rainwater

Page 3

12/20/00

CE 321 Materials of Construction

321LabReqS01.doc

General Instructions for Lab Work and Report Writing

LABORATORY MANUAL The manual in the appendix of the Mamlouk and Zaniewski textbook will serve as the laboratory manual. This document and other handouts you may receive during the lab will supplement it. Please read the appropriate material in the laboratory manuals carefully before attending lab. Data sheets are in the appendix of this document or will be provided during the laboratory class. OBJECTIVE The objective of this laboratory is to acquaint the student with some of the physical and mechanical properties of selected construction materials and standard test methods to be used to evaluate these properties. A secondary objective is to develop the students proficiency in preparing an engineering report. The reports are to resemble professional engineering reports as much as possible. Thus, UT lab folders and theory sections are not required. You are an engineer preparing a professional report for a client who is paying a lot of money for results how do you want the report to look? Grammar, efficient communication, and results will weigh heavily in the final grade. THE REPORT All reports are to be written in the third person; for example, the test was conducted, not we conducted the test. Each student is expected to come up with a fictitious company name and logo. Reports are to be applied to the hypothetical project scenario given in this manual. Reports must be typed (excluding raw data sheets), and all figures and tables must be computer generated unless otherwise stated. You are encouraged to work together in preparing the reports. However, the reports must be your individual effort. Sample reports are available for review upon request. Please check the lab schedule carefully for due dates, report type, etc! Project Scenario Archway Incorporated is constructing a large archway over the main entrance to the University of Tennessee (also under construction). It will be something like a scaled down version of the St. Louise Archway and represent the University as the gateway to a successful future. The entire project will include metals, wood, concrete, and asphalt. Your firm has been contracted by Archway Incorporated to test the materials of construction. Each laboratory test is to be applied to this project scenario. More specific application instructions may be given in the laboratory requirements. Data/Inspection Reports This is a preliminary report of test results that will be included in a latter formal report. The report will be in a cover letter format and include only the end results. Conclusions and recommendations are not necessary unless there are non-typical data in the results. The report should state if the results are typical or meet any required specifications for that test and material. Field trips are to be considered as inspection visits. The observations of the field trip will be included in formal laboratory reports as indicated on the schedule. The observations of some field trips will be reported in a Data/Inspection Report as indicated on the schedule. The student should observe the general operation, quality control, and other factors that may effect the facilities ability to meet the requirements of the construction contract . Formal Laboratory Reports The Formal reports will consist of the following elements, with the indicated points awarded: Cover Letter (1 to 1.5 pages) 20 Points Table of Contents 5 Results 30 Discussion of Results 20 Conclusions and Recommendations 15 Appendix 10 Total 100

N. Randy Rainwater

Page 4

12/20/00

CE 321 Materials of Construction

321LabReqS01.doc

Details of each of these items are given the following descriptions. 1. Cover or Transmittal Letter (limit one to one and one half pages) The first page of the report should be a Cover or Transmittal letter. The Letter should indicate the following: a) b) c) Date Submitted (date actually submitted, not the due date) The name, address, and logo of your "engineering firm" or team name The name and address of the organization for whom the work was performed. Example: N. Randy Rainwater 223 Perkins Hall The University of Tennessee Knoxville, TN 37996-2010 Subject The subject section should be indicated with a heading and include the project scenario as shown in the example below: SUBJECT: Index Properties and Classification of Soil proposed for the soil subgrade of the UT entrance bridge approaches e) f) Purpose An introductory statement in the Transmittal Letter should state the purpose clearly, concisely, and accurately. Abstract or Summary of Data and Conclusions: Practices vary among engineering firms on what to include in the cover letter of a report. Some use only a short and sweet letter referring the client to the attached report for results and conclusions. Others include a brief summary of results and a concise statement of conclusions in the cover letter. For the laboratory reports, use cover letters that include a summary of results and conclusions. The Transmittal Letter should include an abstract or short summary of your findings. It should be self-contained, and "should state the summary objectives and scope of the (report) . . describe techniques or approaches only to the degree necessary for comprehension, and describe findings and conclusions as concisely and informatively as possible" (TRB 1983). Tables should be used whenever practical for presenting end results. Table of Contents The Table of Contents is used to facilitate the grading of the reports, and will be used to record the points awarded for each category. The table of contents should include page numbers and the report pages should include computer generated page numbers. Results The Results section will contain those facts or answers, that you obtained in your experiment , either from direct measurements or calculations based on measurements. To distinguish between results and conclusions, remember that the latter are reasoned judgments and the former are facts. Your end results should be summarized in a table, and supported by appropriate figures. The data should be reported in a concise and efficient manner that effectively communicates to the client. Calculation data like bowl numbers and bowl weights should not be included in the body of the report. Such data may be included with raw data forms in the appendix. Each table and figure should have a title. Columns (and rows, if necessary) of tables will have headings clearly indicating what you are tabulating. Figures should be centered on pages and oriented so that they can easily be viewed when the report is bound. Both axes should have headings. Divisions on the axes should be chosen so as to facilitate accurate plotting of the results. Data points should be clearly shown by using a dot, circle, square, etc., and should not be obscured by the line connecting the data points. If more than one curve is plotted per figure, make sure the reader

d)

2.

3.

N. Randy Rainwater

Page 5

12/20/00

CE 321 Materials of Construction

321LabReqS01.doc

can differentiate and identify the curves. Use a solid line to connect data points and a broken line for parts of the curve beyond your range of data. Avoid dark backgrounds and light colored lines. A professional report is often copied; keep that in consideration when designing the graphics. 4. Discussions of Results In this section the writer provides the foundation upon which his/her conclusions will rest. The acceptance or rejection of the conclusions by the reader will depend largely on the discussion of results. Under this heading the writer will comment upon the validity of the results and make comparisons with typical values for the measured parameters. Remember "the acceptance or rejection of the conclusions drawn in the report is directly related to the skill of the reporter in providing an accurate and convincing discussion of the reasoning upon which the conclusions are based" (Leonards 1955). Conclusions and Recommendations Apply the conclusions and recommendations to the fictitious project scenario unless instructed to do otherwise. "A conclusion is reasoned judgment based on facts. For example, a laboratory investigation may be carried out to determine the feasibility of using a certain sand deposit (from the standpoint of proper grain-size distribution) as fine aggregate for a concrete mix. The grain-size distributions of a number of samples are determined and the percentages of the various size groups reported either in tabular form or as continuous curves. These curves are the "Results" of the experiment, but before conclusion can be drawn the results must be compared with other known facts regarding the acceptable limits of the grain-size distributions; only then can a reasoned judgment be made regarding the feasibility of using the sand deposit for the stated purpose. These facts are stated and comparisons were made under the heading "Discussion of Results." It may then be concluded that the sand deposit in question is not suitable because of a deficiency in a certain size group. Perhaps the reporter wishes to recommend mixing this sand with another in order to make up the deficiency, in which case a separate heading for "Recommendations" could be used, or the statement could be included with the conclusions under the title "Conclusions and Recommendations." (Leonards 1955). 6. Appendix The Procedure section tells the reader how your experiment was performed in sufficient detail for another person to run the experiment. You will be using a lab manual which has a procedure for you to follow for each experiment. It will be sufficient to reference this procedure and to denote any departures you took from the referenced procedures. The complete procedure need not be reported, provided the laboratory manual is properly referenced. You must, however, state the deviations and departures from the manual. Include the designation and title of any ASTM or other standards the experiment was based on. Include a list of all references used, including any software (excluding word processing or spreadsheets). Include consultation with the Laboratory Consultant, Instructor, or Professor. Make sure each reference is complete. The reference section of this document should be used as a guide. If the reference is to certain page numbers, include this information. If you referred to a lab report prepared in a previous term by another student, this should be referenced as well. Reference to a previous lab report is acceptable, however plagiarism and other inappropriate uses of these old reports will be considered a violation of the Honor Statement as printed on the class syllabus. Include the raw data recorded on the forms during the lab test. Do not erase errors. Line them out. It is neither necessary nor desirable to copy data on to clean data sheets for the sake of neatness, since the important results have been provided in the Results section.

5.

Procedure

References

Data Forms

N. Randy Rainwater

Page 6

12/20/00

CE 321 Materials of Construction

321LabReqS01.doc

Final Comprehensive Report This final comprehensive report represents $50,000 in materials testing services you were contracted to perform for your client. The report is not purely a cut and past report. Previous reports are to be considered as though they were preliminary reports and the end results and final conclusions are now being incorporated into a final report for your client. The report should demonstrate that you know what you are talking about; communicate clearly and efficiently; and make conclusions and recommendations applied to your project scenario. It should look like a professional engineering report, not a homework assignment! Remember that you are not just giving answers to questions. You may give all the right numbers and say the right things but if the numbers are scattered through the report and your discussion does not follow a good format, you will not receive a good grade. You may follow the format for Formal Laboratory Reports. Original raw data sheets may be omitted from this report. AVAILABLE RESOURCES A student computer and printer is located in laboratory Instructor's office. The CE 321 lab data web page and links at http://web.utk.edu/~rainwter/ce321labdata.htm ASTM standards are located in the lab and in the library. REFERENCES 1. Leonards, G.A., Notes on Report Writing, Third Edition, Purdue University, 1955. 2. Mamlouk, M.S. and Zaniewski, J.P. (1999) Material for Civil and Construction Engineers, Addison-Wesley, Reading Massachusetts, 388 pp. 3. Turabian, K.L. (1996) A Manual for writers of Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations , University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 308 pp.

N. Randy Rainwater

Page

12/20/00

CE 321 Materials of Construction

321LabReqS01.doc

MEASURING STRESSES AND STRAINS

PROJECT APPLICATION Archway Incorporated is convinced that the theoretical stress in a beam exceeds the real stress by 25%. Archway has hired your firm to prove to the architects that the aluminum beam will not experience the theoretical stresses predicted. Archway Inc. wishes to substitute the A61ST beam for the specified beam but must demonstrate that the actual stress will be 20% less than the theoretical stress. LAB (meet in room 10, Perkins Hall) You will study the bonded wire strain gauge and the Wheatstone Bridge and how they are used to measure deformation and strain. A 61ST (6061T) aluminum beam is used in this lab to illustrate how strain gauges may be used to determine stresses or strains in any structural member. A strain indicator, switching unit, and five strain gages will already be attached to the aluminum beam. The beam is a 6inch 4.43 lb. I-beam with a section modulus (z = I/c) of 7.36 in3 where I = the moment of inertia and c = the distance from the neutral axis to the outermost fiber. Measure the points of support and the points of load application to insure the dimensions shown in the diagram on the data sheet are correct. Check the location of all strain gauges and make sure you understand how the electrical portions of the experiment work. After each gauge has been balanced at zero load, apply the load in increments of 1000 lbs. to a maximum of 4000 lbs. Read and record the strain indicator reading for each of the five gauges at each increment of load application. After the last reading is taken, remove the load and check the zero readings for each gauge. Repeat this process as necessary until a satisfactory set of readings has been obtained. Stresses are derived quantities computed from other measurable quantities. They are not directly measurable. Stress can be calculated experimentally from the measured strain and Modulus of Elasticity or theoretically from the bending moment and section modulus at a given distance from the neutral axis: Experimental Stress = Modulus of Elasticity * Strain Theoretical Stress = My/I where M = the bending moment, y = the distance from the neutral axis, I = moment of inertia. REPORT 1) Plot the stresses calculated from the measured strains as abscissa and the distance from the neutral axis as ordinate for each load increment. Use the same graph for all loads. If using Excel, this works best if plotted as an x-y scatter plot. 2) Calculate the stresses involved at each load increment using the theoretical relationship = My/I. Make a separate graph for each loading showing the theoretical stress along with the stress calculated from the experimental data. 3) In the appendix, briefly explain how the strain gage and Wheatstone Bridge work to measure strain (omit this discussion for the final Comprehensive Report).

N. Randy Rainwater

Page

12/20/00

CE 321 Materials of Construction

321LabReqS01.doc

METALS TESTING TENSILE TESTING OF DUCTILE AND BRITTLE MATERIALS, IMPACT TESTING, TORSION TESTING
ASTM A370, Standard Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products. Vol. 01.04 ASTM E8, Standard Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials. Vol. 03.01 ASTM E23, Standard Test Methods for Notched Bar Impact Testing of Metallic Materials. Vol. 03.01 ASTM E143, Standard Test Method for Shear Modulus at Room Temperature. Vol. 03.01

PROJECT APPLICATION The construction drawings and specifications call for A36 structural steel to be used in the cover over the walkway around the arch. The contractor wishes to substitute 1018CF beams of the same size for the walkway cover support. The contractor (and fabricator trying to sell the stuff), claim that the stress strain characteristics of 1018CF are very similar to A36 and would be an acceptable substitute in this application. Your firm has been contracted to compare the stress strain and strength characteristics of the two steels. LAB (meet in room 10, Perkins Hall) Tensile Testing (Exp. No. 2): Each laboratory class will test a 1018, A36, and cast iron specimen. Determine the dimensions and shape of each specimen and record in the space provided on the data sheet. An extensometer will be used to measure elongation. Impact Testing (Exp. No. 4): The Charpy Impact Test will be conducted on specimens of varying carbon content and formation processes. Each lab session will perform the test at a different temperature and share the data with the other labs. Torsion Testing (Exp. No. 3): If conducted, only one specimen will be tested. REPORT Tensile Testing - as instructed in the laboratory manual -dimensions, identification, etc. Impact Testing -as instructed in the laboratory manual (omit ductile to brittle transition temperature and lateral expansion) Torsion Testing (if performed) -as instructed in the laboratory manual

N. Randy Rainwater

Page

12/20/00

CE 321 Materials of Construction

321LabReqS01.doc

HARDNESS TESTING OF METALS

ASTM E10, Standard Test Methods for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materials. Vol. 03.01 ASTM E18, Standard Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness and Rockwell Superficial Hardness of Metallic Materials. Vol. 03.01

LAB Hardness Testing (ASTM E10, E18): Using the Brinell and Rockwell hardness machines, determine the hardness of various ferrous and non-ferrous metals as assigned by the instructor. Be sure to note all information concerning carbon content, working method, heat treatment, etc. which may have an effect on the results of your tests. For the harder metals (iron and steel) use a 3000 KG Brinell Loading, and for the softer metals use a 500 Kg Brinell loading. If the Brinell hardness is above 220, use the Rockwell C test; use the Rockwell B test for all other samples. Be sure to note the Rockwell letter B or C with each hardness measured by the Rockwell method. REPORT -Determine the Brinell Hardness Number (BHN) for each measured value

BHN =

D D D2 d 2 2

where; P = the applied load (3000 Kg or 500 kg) D = diameter of the indentor (10mm) d = diameter of the indentation, mm -Determine the average BHN and/or RHN for each sample tested.

N. Randy Rainwater

Page

10

12/20/00

CE 321 Materials of Construction

321LabReqS01.doc

AGGREGATE GRAIN SIZE DISTRIBUTION AND UNIT WEIGHT

ASTM C33, Standard Specification for Concrete Aggregates. Vol. 04.02 ASTM D75, Standard Practice for Sampling Aggregates. Vol. 04.03 ASTM C702, Standard Practice for Reducing Field Samples of Aggregate to Testing Size. Vol. 04.02 ASTM C136, Standard Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates. Vol. 04.02 ASTM C29, Standard Test Method for Bulk Density (Unit Weight) and Voids in Aggregate. Vol. 04.02 AASHTO T11, Standard Test Method for Materials Finer than 75 [m (No. 200) Sieve in Mineral Aggregates by Washing

PROJECT APPLICATION The aggregates are being tested to determine if they are acceptable concrete aggregates and to determine the concrete mix design. LAB As with any engineering material, certain aggregate properties must be determined prior to the utilization of the aggregate. While our time will not allow the determination of all these properties, we will be making certain measurements that will allow you to compute some of the most important aggregate properties. In this lab we will be measuring the grain size distribution of both coarse and fine aggregate samples and the unit weight of the coarse aggregate. Before you leave the lab, you will be responsible for obtaining measurements pertaining to both the coarse and the fine aggregate. You will also be responsible for preparing samples of fine and coarse aggregate for next week's absorption lab Sieve Analysis (Exp. No. 6): Each sieve is to be weighed before and after the sieving process. The difference in the before and after weights will be recorded as the weight retained on each sieve. After completing the weighing process, be sure to clean each sieve as instructed. Make sure the lab is clean and all equipment has been put away before leaving the lab. Dispose of the sieved aggregate outside or as instructed during the lab. Unit Weight (ASTM C29) 1. Calibrate the measure (should be done yearly or when there is reason to question the accuracy of the previous calibration) weigh the measure and cover apply Vaseline around the top edge of the measure fill the measure with water at room temperature and cover with plate glass to eliminate bubbles and excess water. weigh the measure filled with water (include cover) measure the temperature of the water and determine the density calculate the volume (Mass of Water/Density) 2. Obtain a representative sample and reduce to sample size by quartering (C702). 3. Fill the measure 1/3 full and level with the fingers. 4. Rod the layer with 25 strokes of the tamping rod evenly distributed over the surface. 5. Fill the measure to 2/3 full and rod 25 times without penetrating the previous layer. 6. Fill the measure to overflowing and rod 25 times. Level the surface with fingers or the rod such that any slight projections of larger pieces of aggregate approximately balance the larger voids in the surface below the top of the measure. 7. Determine the mass to the nearest 0.1 lb (0.05 kg). 8. Calculate the bulk density. 9. Return the aggregate to the coarse aggregate bin. Wash 200 of Fine Aggregate (ASTM C117, AASHTO T11) 1. The test procedure requires that the material be oven dried to constant mass before testing. However, air dried material that has been stored inside will be used for practical reasons. This may introduce a very small error that is negligible for purposes of this lab exercise.
N. Randy Rainwater Page

11

12/20/00

CE 321 Materials of Construction

321LabReqS01.doc

2. 3.

4. 5. 6. 7.

Obtain a minimum sample size of 300g using the splitting procedure (C702). Place the sample in a deep container and add sufficient water to cover the sample. Agitate the sample to separate all particles finer than 75 [m from the coarser particles and to bring the fine material into suspension. Stirring with a metal spoon is an acceptable method of agitation. Immediately pour the wash water containing the suspended solids over two stacked sieves (No. 16 and No. 200). Add a second charge of water to the container, agitate, and pour into the stacked sieves. Make sure all material is removed from the container. Carefully pour or spray water through the sieves until the wash water is clear. Rinse all the material retained on the sieves into a drying bowl. Oven dry the material to constant mass (18 to 24 hrs.) and determine the mass retained to the nearest 0.1% of the original mass of the sample. Each lab group must assign someone to return to the lab and weigh the oven dried material and communicate that data to the rest of the group. Record the information on the oven log sheet.

Absorption of Coarse and Fine Aggregate (Exp. No. 7, 8): Prepare samples for this test which will be performed during the next lab. Obtain a representative sample of fine aggregate and reduce by splitting into a sample of approximately 1 kg. Place the sample into a container for submerging in water. Recording the mass is not important at this point. Obtain a representative sample of coarse aggregate and reduce by quartering into a sample of approximately 4 kg. Wash the sample on a #4 sieve screen. Place the sample into a container for submerging in water. Recording the mass is not important at this point. REPORT: As instructed in the laboratory manual . For the distribution plots, make the following charts. Chart 1: Semi-log plot of grain size distribution of fine aggregate and the ASTM C33 limits for fine aggregate (Table 5.4 in Mamlouk) Chart 2: Semi-log plot of grain size distribution of coarse aggregate and the ASTM C33 limits for #57 aggregate (Table 5.5 in Mamlouk) Chart 3: 0.45 power plot of grain size distribution of the coarse aggregate. The percent of fine aggregate smaller than 75 [m (compare to standard of ASTM C33, Table 1). The unit weight of the coarse aggregate.

N. Randy Rainwater

Page

12

12/20/00

CE 321 Materials of Construction

321LabReqS01.doc

AGGREGATE SPECIFIC GRAVITY AND ABSORPTION

ASTM D75, Standard Practice for Sampling Aggregates. Vol. 04.03 ASTM D702, Standard Practice for Reducing Field Samples of Aggregate to Testing Size. Vol. 04.03 ASTM C127, Standard Practice for Specific Gravity and Absorption of Coarse Aggregate. Vol. 04.02 ASTM C128, Standard Practice for Specific Gravity and Absorption of Fine Aggregate. Vol. 04.02

LAB (Exp. No. 7, 8) This laboratory exercise is an extension of the sieve analysis lab from last week. The properties you will be measuring must be known before any mix design calculations can be made. The properties of interest are specific gravity and absorption of both the coarse and fine aggregate fractions. The instructor will split the section into groups. Each group will be responsible for measurements pertaining to the properties of both coarse aggregate and fine aggregate. Make all measurements as instructed and record the data on the data sheet provided. It is the lab groups responsibility to designate someone to return in 12 to 24 hours to weigh the oven dried material and communicate this value to the other students. Be sure you record the correct bowl number and measure the bowl weight and weigh the correct bowl after drying. Record the appropriate information on the oven log sheet on the front of the oven. REPORT As instructed in the laboratory manual. Include the following two charts of a combined aggregate gradation (34% fine aggregate and 66% coarse aggregate). Chart 1: Semi-log gradation plot of the combined aggregate. Show the combined gradation limits (ASTM C33) of fine and coarse aggregate on the same chart. Chart 2: 0.45 power plot of the combined gradation (limits are not required on this plot).

N. Randy Rainwater

Page

13

12/20/00

CE 321 Materials of Construction

321LabReqS01.doc

MIX AND TEST FRESH CONCRETE

ASTM C192, Standard Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Laboratory ASTM C1064, Standard Test Method for Temperature of Freshly Mixed Portland Cement Concrete ASTM C172, Standard Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed Concrete ASTM C143, Standard Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-Cement Concrete ASTM C138, Standard Test Method for Unit Weight, Yield, and Air Content (Gravimetric) of Concrete ASTM C231, Standard Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Pressure Method Related Standards ASTM C31, Standard Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Field ASTM C173, Standard Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Volumetric Method All the above ASTM standards are in Volume 04.02.

PROJECT APPLICATION Each lab will test a different mix design to determine it's suitability for the construction project foundation which requires a 2 to 4 in. slump, 4% air content, and 4000 psi compressive strength (28 day). LAB (Exp. No. 9 13) In this laboratory concrete will be mixed according to the mix proportions determined from the aggregate tests. The concrete will be mixed, sampled and tested according to the methods listed below. You should become familiar with these field test methods and the specifications for the required equipment. Notes on the testing method procedures are located in the appendix. Collect all data and make all calculations necessary to complete the data sheets. You must return 24 hr. (+/- 8 hr.) after molding the specimens to remove the molds, identify your sample, and place it in the humid room or curing tank. REPORT The temperature of the concrete mix As instructed in the laboratory manual for Experiments No. 9 11, 13. You may include all the information in a single table you do not need four separate tables for the four different tests.

CAPPING CYLINDRICAL CONCRETE SPECIMENS WITH SULFER COMPOUND

ASTM C617, Standard Practice for Capping Cylindrical Concrete Specimens

LAB (Exp. No. 14) Students will apply capping compound to the test cylinders. Nondestructive testing of concrete will be demonstrated.

N. Randy Rainwater

Page

14

12/20/00

CE 321 Materials of Construction

321LabReqS01.doc

NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING OF CONCRETE

ASTM C215, Standard Test Method for Fundamental Transverse, Longitudinal, and Torsional Resonant Frequencies of Concrete Specimens ASTM C597, Standard Test Method for Pulse Velocity Through Concrete ASTM C803, Standard Test Method for Penetration Resistance of Hardened Concrete ASTM C805, Standard Test Method for Rebound Number of Hardened Concrete ASTM C918, Standard Test Method for Measuring Early-Age Compressive Strength and Projecting Later-Age Strength All the above listed standards are in Volume 04.02

LAB The evaluation of the condition of structures without destroying their usefulness must be accomplished by test(s) that are nondestructive. This applies to materials other than Portland cement concrete (PCC); but PCC is the material that will be used to illustrate some of the types of nondestructive tests available. This laboratory exercise investigates certain PCC properties using the following nondestructive tests: Schmidt Impact Hammer or Rebound Number (Exp. No. 17): This device may be used to determine the approximate compressive strength of PCC. Test the concrete as you are directed by the lab instructor and determine the average compressive strength converted from the values you measure with the device. Resonant Frequency Tests (ASTM C215): Determine the resonant frequency in all three modes of vibration as indicated by the instructor. Convert these frequency readings to Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity or Dynamic Modulus of Rigidity using the relationships provided on the lab data sheet. Pulse Velocity Testing (ASTM C597): Determine velocity of sound through the concrete sample as directed by the lab instructor. Convert the calculated pulse velocity to Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity using the relationship provided on the lab data sheet. Penetration Resistance (Exp. No. 18): Using the Windsor Probe, determine the resistance to penetration of hardened concrete and estimate the compressive strength using available correlations. REPORT As instructed by the laboratory instructor.

N. Randy Rainwater

Page

15

12/20/00

CE 321 Materials of Construction

321LabReqS01.doc

CONCRETE STRENGTH STRESS-STRAIN CHARACTERISTICS

ASTM C39, Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens ASTM C512, Standard Test Method for Creep of Concrete in Compression ASTM C78, Standard Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete (Using Simple Beam with Third-Point Loading

LAB Compression Testing (Exp. No. 15) : Cylinders will be tested according to the procedure in the laboratory manual. An extensometer will be attached to measure deformation. Record load and deformation at a maximum of 10,000 lb. intervals. Continue loading at the prescribed rate until failure. Make sketches of the failed cylinders and note the types of failure. The compressive strength will be determined from the average of two tests. Flexural Strength Testing (Exp. No. 16): Fill in the required information on the data sheet. Conduct the test as outlined in the laboratory manual. Make sketches of the beams after failure to indicate the location of the fracture. REPORT Compression Test As instructed in the laboratory manual. Be sure to note the age of any specimen tested when giving the strength. Compare the measured strength with the design strength. Plot the stress-strain diagram for one of the samples tested. For the same sample, calculate the chord modulus to the nearest 50000 psi using the following equation (ASTM C469) E = (S2 - S1)/(, 2 - 0.000050) S2 = stress at 40% of ultimate load S1 = stress at 50 * 10-6 strain , 2 = strain at S2 Calculate the modulus of elasticity using the method recommended by ACI Building Code (Eq 7.3b, p191):

Ec = 57000 fc '
Report the mix design, compressive strength, and modulus of rupture for the other two labs. Report values in a summary table. Flexural Test As instructed by the laboratory manual. Plot load vs. deflection.

N. Randy Rainwater

Page

16

12/20/00

CE 321 Materials of Construction

321LabReqS01.doc

ASPHALT BINDER TESTING

Traditional binder testing ASTM D140, Standard Practice for Sampling Bituminous Materials. Vol. 04.03 ASTM D5, Standard Test Method for Penetration of Bituminous Materials. Vol. 04.03 ASTM D70, Standard Test Method for Specific Gravity of Semi-Solid Bituminous Materials. Vol. 04.03 ASTM D113, Standard Test Method for Ductility of Bituminous Materials. Vol. 04.03 ASTM D2171, Standard Test Method for Viscosity of Asphalts by Vacuum Capillary Viscometer. Vol. 04.03 ASTM D2161, Standard Practice for Conversion of Kinematic Viscosity to Saybolt Universal Viscosity or to Saybolt Furol Viscosity. Vol. 05.01 Superpave binder characterization: ASTM D4402, Standard Test Method for Viscosity Determinations of Unified Asphalts Using the Brookfield Thermosel Apparatus. Vol. 04.04 AASHTO TP5 and ASTM P246, Determining the Rheological Properties of Asphalt Binder for Specification Purposes Using a Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) AASHTO TP1 and ASTM P245, Standard Test Method for Determining the Flexural Creep Stiffness of Asphalt Binder Using the Bending Beam Rheometer (BBR) ASTM D2872 (Vol. 04.03) and AASHTO T240, Standard Test Method for Effect of Heat and Air on a Moving Film of Asphalt (Rolling Thin-Film Oven Test) AASHTO PP1, Standard Practice for Accelerated Aging of Asphalt Binder Using a Pressurized Aging Vessel (PAV)

LAB This laboratory will involve the measurement of certain properties of asphalt binder materials using traditional and superpave methods. Be sure you identify the asphalt provided by the instructor and obtain all information necessary to complete the data sheet. Assist the laboratory instructor in clean up of equipment. Traditional Binder Testing Methods Penetration (Exp. No. 22) Absolute Viscosity using vacuum capillary viscometer (Exp. No. 23) Superpave Binder Testing Methods Dynamic Shear Rheometer Test (DSR) (Exp. No. 21) Viscosity by rotational viscometer (Exp. No. 20) One or more of the following Superpave Binder Tests may also be performed Bending Beam Rheometer Test (BBR) (AASHTO TP1, ASTM P245) Rolling Thin Film Oven Test (RTFO) (AASHTO T240, ASTM D2872) Pressure Aging Vessel (PAV) (AASHTO PP1) REPORT As instructed in the laboratory manual. G*/sin * As instructed during the laboratory for the additional tests that may be performed. Be sure to compare your results with recommended standards for the asphalt binder tested.

N. Randy Rainwater

Page

17

12/20/00

CE 321 Materials of Construction

321LabReqS01.doc

MIX TESTING 1 THEORITICAL MAXIMUM SPECIFIC GRAVITY, COMPACTING MARSHALL FLOW TEST SPECIMENS, SUPERPAVE GYRATORY COMPACTER
ASTM D979, Standard Practice for Sampling Bituminous Paving Mixtures ASTM D2041, Standard Test Method for Theoretical Maximum Specific Gravity and Density of Bituminous Paving Mixtures ASTM D1559, Standard Test Method for Resistance to Plastic Flow of Bituminous Mixtures Using Marshall Apparatus (only in 1997 and earlier volumes) All the above standards are in Volume04.03. AASHTO TP4, Method for Preparing and Determining the Density of Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) Specimens by Means of the SHRP Gyratory Compactor

PROJECT APPLICATION The asphalt mix being tested is being considered for the pavement in the parking lot at the archway visitors center. The asphalt must meet TN DOT 307B requirements. This standard is approximately equal to the "Heavy" design criteria in Table 9.11 of the Mamlouk textbook with a minimum VMA of 11.5%. You must also determine, from the gyratory test, if the mix meets the Superpave requirements of Nini, Ndes , and Nmax. LAB Mix asphaltic concrete as instructed and record the mass of asphalt and aggregate on the data sheet. In lieu of mixing asphaltic concrete, tests may be run on samples provided by TN DOT. Theoretical maximum specific gravity (Rice specific gravity, ASTM D2041) and separating samples for the Marshall and Gyratory Compaction 1. Asphalt will be heated just enough to pour on a table and spread out. 2. Pour a bucket onto a covered table, spread the material some, and quarter the sample. 3. Obtain samples of approximately 1200g to 1250 g. Place them in a bowl and place back in the oven to be used for Marshall pills. Recording the exact mass is not important at this point. After taking opposite quarters the sample should be mixed and quartered again. Leave approximately 1000g to 1500 g. on the table. 4. Spread the remaining material out to cool. When it has cooled just enough to touch, separate the mix by hand into portions < or = 1/4". 5. Obtain the mass in air. 6. Cover the mix with water and place under vacuum for 15 minutes. 7. Submerge the sample in the specific gravity tank for 10 minutes and weigh. The water should be 25 C +/- 1. Be sure to account for the weight of the container in air and in water. 8. A second bucket will be used for the gyratory specimens. Use the same quartering process to obtain samples of 4700g to 4800g. Do not do a theoretical maximum specific gravity with the second bucket. Resistance to plastic flow Marshall test (Exp. No. 25): specimens will be prepared using 75 blows each side during this lab. The specimens will be tested during the next lab. Gyratory Compactor Demonstration (Exp. No. 24) REPORT The theoretical maximum specific gravity to the third decimal, type of mix, and mass of sample. As instructed in the laboratory manual for the Experiments 24 and 25

N. Randy Rainwater

Page

18

12/20/00

CE 321 Materials of Construction

321LabReqS01.doc

MIX TESTING 2 BULK SPECIFIC GRAVITY, MARSHALL STABILITY AND FLOW OF ASPHALTIC CONCRETE, IGNITION OVEN TEST
ASTM D1559, Standard Test Method for Resistance to Plastic Flow of Bituminous Mixtures Using Marshall Apparatus (only in 1997 and earlier volumes) ASTM D979, Standard Practice for Sampling Bituminous Paving Mixtures ASTM D2726, Standard Test Method for Bulk Specific Gravity and Density of Non-absorptive Compacted Bituminous Mixtures ASTM D3203, Standard Test Method for Percent Air Voids in Compacted Dense and Open Bituminous Paving Mixtures All the above standards are in Volume 04.03. AASHTO TP53, Ignition Oven Test

LAB Bulk specific gravity and density (Exp. No. 26) Plastic flow using Marshall apparatus (Exp. No. 27) Ignition oven asphalt content test (AASHTO TP53), will be conducted the asphalt binder content of the mix. The Marshall specimens will be used for the test. The remaining aggregate can be used for sieve analysis REPORT As instructed in the laboratory manual Report the percentage of asphalt binder content as determined by the ignition oven test. Report the percent air voids in the total mix (VTM), voids in the aggregate (VMA), and voids filled with asphalt (VFA).

N. Randy Rainwater

Page

19

12/20/00

CE 321 Materials of Construction

321LabReqS01.doc

COMPRESSION AND BENDING TESTS OF WOODEN SAMPLES

ASTM D198, Standard Methods of Static Tests of Lumber in Structural Sizes. Vol. 04.10 ASTM D143, Standard Methods of Testing Small Clear Specimens of Timber. Vol. 04.10

PROJECT APPLICATION Archway Incorporated constructed a temporary shelter under the archway construction site to protect construction workers. The shelter collapsed under about two inches of snow. Fortunately, no one was injured but it has caused a delay in the project and created doubt in the minds of the University administration concerning the contractors competence. Archway investigated the wood used in the structure and found that it was a hybrid Douglas Fir from California. The contractor alleges that the hybrid wood has a much lower Modulus of Elasticity than typical construction wood and is considering placing a claim against the lumber company and wishes to restore the University's confidence in their expertise. Your firm has been contracted to perform standard wood testing on samples of the Douglas Fir to determine if it has strength characteristics typical of wood construction materials. LAB (Exp. No. 29) Compression parallel to the grain: Using a 2x2x8-in. block and a strain measuring apparatus record the load and deflection every 2000 lbs. At the first signs of failure (cracking, etc.), remove the strain device and continue loading until the ultimate load is reached. Record this ultimate load along with your best estimate of the total deformation. Note the type of failure. Compression perpendicular to the grain: Using a 2x2x6-in. block record the load and deflection every 200 lbs. This test may be performed using the MTS equipment and computer data acquisition. Bending test (flexure): With the side nearest the heart of the tree on the bottom, place the sample in position to be tested in center point beam loading with a span of 28-in. Record the load and deflection every 100 lbs. Note the type of failure. REPORT As instructed in the laboratory manual for each of the three tests.

N. Randy Rainwater

Page

20

12/20/00

CE 321 Materials of Construction

321LabReqS01.doc

Appendix A Data Sheets

N. Randy Rainwater

Page

21

12/20/00

CE 321 Materials of Construction

321LabReqS01.doc

STRESSES AND STRAINS IN A BEAM

Modulus of Elasticity = 9.75 * 106 psi. Section Modulus (z = I/c) = 7.36 cu. In. LOAD DIAGRAM (NOT TO SCALE) 6 P 36 Gauge Factor 2.11

P/2 84 SHEAR DIAGRAM

P/2

P/2 P/2 MOMENT DIAGRAM 18P

STRAIN INDICATOR READINGS Load 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G1 G2 G3 G4 G5

Calculations: Stress = Modulus of Elasticity * Strain (Experimental Data) Stress = My/I (Theoretical Stress) Date __________

N. Randy Rainwater

Page

22

12/20/00

CE 321 Materials of Construction

321LabReqS01.doc

TENSILE TESTING OF DUCTILE AND BRITTLE MATERIALS

Original Area Final Area

Material

Diameter

Gauge Lth

Diameter

Gauge Lth

Material _______ Load, Dial Reading lbs. ( )

Deformation ( )

Material _______ Load, Dial Reading lbs. ( )

Deformation ( )

ASTM A370, E8

N. Randy Rainwater

Page

23

12/20/00

CE 321 Materials of Construction

321LabReqS01.doc

TENSILE TESTING OF DUCTILE AND BRITTLE MATERIALS

Original Area Final Area

Material

Diameter

Gauge Lth

Diameter

Gauge Lth

Material _______ Load, Dial Reading lbs. ( )

Deformation ( )

Material _______ Load, Dial Reading lbs. ( )

Deformation ( )

ASTM A370, E8

N. Randy Rainwater

Page

24

12/20/00

CE 321 Materials of Construction

321LabReqS01.doc

TORSION TEST
Material Length, in. Gage Lth., in. Diameter, in. Troptometer length, in.

Material: _________ Arc Length TORQUE lb-in.

TROPTO.in # of Rev.

Material: ____________ Arc Length TORQUE lb-in.

TROPTO.in- # of Rev

Date _______________

Name ______________________________
ASTM E 143

N. Randy Rainwater

Page

25

12/20/00

CE 321 Materials of Construction

321LabReqS01.doc

IMPACT TESTS ON METALS

Type of specimens and test performed: ______________________________________ Date: _______________________________________

Material Tested

Temperature of Specimen

Impact Value (lb-ft)

ASTM E23

N. Randy Rainwater

Page

26

12/20/00

CE 321 Materials of Construction

321LabReqS01.doc

HARDNESS AND IMPACT TESTS ON METALS

BRINELL HARDNESS, BHN MATERIAL TESTED LOAD-kg Dia., mm BHN

ROCKWELL HARDNESS, RHN

IMPACT VALUES, lb-ft

Approximate Tensile Strength

NOTES:____________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________

Date______________________

Name_________________________

ASTM E 10, E 18, E 23

N. Randy Rainwater

Page

27

12/20/00

CE 321 Materials of Construction

321LabReqS01.doc

MECHANICAL GRAIN SIZE ANALYSIS

Material Description ______________________________________________________ ASTM Method of Test _____________________________________________________ Date Tested

COARSE AGGREGATE
Sieve Size Sieve Weight Sieve and aggr. Weight Weight Retained Percent Retained Cumulative % Retained Percent Passing Diameter (mm.)

2.0" 1.5" 1.0" 3/4" 1/2" 3/8" No. 4 No. 8 No. 16 PAN TOTAL FINE AGGREGATE
Sieve Size Sieve Weight Sieve and aggr. Weight Weight Retained Percent Retained Cumulative % Retained Percent Passing

50.80 38.10 25.40 19.10 12.70 9.52 4.76 2.38 1.18

Diameter (mm.)

*No. 4 *No. 8 *No.16 *No. 30 *No. 50 *No. 100 PAN TOTAL

* Sieves used in calculating fineness modulus (FM). Wts Before Testing: Coarse Aggregate ____________ Fine Aggregate ______________ Wts After Testing: % of material lost: Coarse Aggregate ____________ Fine Aggregate ______________ Coarse Aggregate ____________ Fine Aggregate ______________

4.76 2.38 1.19 0.59 0.30 0.15

ASTM C 33, D 75, C702, C 136

N. Randy Rainwater

Page

28

12/20/00

CE 321 Materials of Construction

321LabReqS01.doc

BULK DENSITY OF COARSE AGGREGATE

Date:_________________ Measure Calibration Mass of measure, cover, and water, Lbs Empty mass of the measure and cover, Lbs Net mass of water, Lbs Water temperature, Deg. F or C ______ density of Water, pcf Volume of measure, ft3 Bulk Density Mass of the measure filled with aggregate, Lbs. Mass of empty measure, Lbs Mass of the aggregate, Lbs (W) BULK DENSITY OF THE COARSE AGGREGATE, pcf (M/V) ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ (V) ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________

ASTM C 33, D 75, C702, C 29

N. Randy Rainwater

Page

29

12/20/00

CE 321 Materials of Construction

321LabReqS01.doc

AGGREGATE SPECIFIC GRAVITY and ABSORPTION

Material Description: _________________________________ Date Tested ______________

COARSE AGGREGATE After 24 hr Presoak

Pan/bowl #___________ , Mass Mass of pan and SSD sample Saturated Surface Dry mass of Sample, gm (B) Mass of container in water Mass of container and sample in water Mass of sample in Water, gm (C) Loss of mass in Water, grams (B-C)
Oven Drying

____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________

Bowl Number Bowl mass empty Mass of bowl and aggregate Oven Dry mass of sample, gm (A)
BULK SPECIFIC GRAVITY = A/(B-C) BULK SPECIFIC GRAVITY (SSD) = B/(B-C) APPARENT SPECIFIC GRAVITY = A/(A-C) ABSORPTION, % = ((B-A)/A) x100 FINE AGGREGATE

____________ ____________ ____________ ____________

____________ ____________ ____________ ____________

Flask No. ________ Oven Dry Bowl No.________ , Mass (A) Oven dry mass of sample, grams (B) Weight of flask + water, grams (provided by lab instructor) Water temperature, Degrees F. (C) Mass of flask + water + sample, grams (S) Mass of Saturated Surface Dry specimen (500 +/-10g)
BULK SPECIFIC GRAVITY = A/(B + S C) BULK SPECIFIC GRAVITY, SSD = S/(B + S C) APPARENT SPECIFIC GRAVITY = A/(B + A C) ABSORPTION, % = ((S A)/A) x100

____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________

____________ ____________ ____________ ____________

ASTM D75, D702, C127, C128

N. Randy Rainwater

Page

30

12/20/00

CE 321 Materials of Construction

321LabReqS01.doc

MIXING AND TESTING FRESH CONCRETE

MIX PROPORTIONS (pay attention to units!!) Design Batch Volume (Yd): _______________________________ Lb Cement Fly Ash Water Coarse Aggregate Fine Aggregate Air Entrainment Additive ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ft3 ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________

TOTAL OF ALL MATERIALS BATCHED (W 1):__________________

SLUMP: MIX TEMPERATURE: AIR CONTENT: Method: ___________________ UNIT WEIGHT

Weight of measure filled with concrete: Weight of measure: Net weight of concrete: Volume of measure:
UNIT WEIGHT OF CONCRETE , Lbs/ft3 (W): YEILD, Y (ft3)=W 1/W: Y(yd3)=W1/27W: RELATIVE YIELD, Ry=Y/Yd: Use consistent units!!!!!

___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________

_____________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________

ASTM C192, C1064, C172, C143, C138, C231

N. Randy Rainwater

Page

31

12/20/00

CE 321 Materials of Construction

321LabReqS01.doc

RESONANT FREQUENCY AND PULSE VELOCITY TESTING OF HARDENED CONCRETE (NDT TESTING)
1.) Resonant Frequency Data: Height(t)_______ ________ Hz. ________ Hz. ________ Hz. __________ sec. __________ sec. __________ sec.

Sample size: Mass _______ Length(L)_______ Width(b)_______ (n) Transverse Frequency (n) Longitudinal Freq. (n) Torsional Frequency 2.) Pulse Velocity Data: Total Travel Time Initial Time (D) Travel Time through Sample

CALCULATION EQUATIONS: From ASTM C215 & C597 (values in SI units are the standard) (A) Dynamic Youngs Modulus of Elasticity (E) in (N/m2) Dynamic E = CMn2 M = mass of specimen, kg C = 1.6067 (L3T/bt3), N-s2(kg-m2) for a prism L = length of specimen, m b, t = dimensions of cross section of specimen, m t is the direction the resonant frequency is driven T = a correction factor that depends on the dimensions of the specimen, C215 gives method of determining, use 1.2. Dynamic E = DM(n)2 D = 4(L/bt), N-s2/(kg-m2) for a prism (B) Dynamic Modulus of Rigidity (G) in (N/m2) Dynamic G = BM(n)2 B = 4(LR/A), N-s2/(kg-m2) R = a shape factor, (a/b + b/a)/[4a/b - 2.52(a/b)2 + 0.2(a/b) 6], a and b are cross sectional dimensions in inches with a < b A = cross sectional area of test specimen, m2 (C) V = Length of Sample/Travel Time through Sample, m/s Dynamic E = V2(0.849) = conc. density, kg/m3 (Note: 0.849 factor assumes Poissons Ratio = 0.24). ASTM: C 215, C 597, C 803, C 805, C 918

N. Randy Rainwater

Page

32

12/20/00

CE 321 Materials of Construction

321LabReqS01.doc

REBOUND NUMBER AND PENETRATION RESISTANCE OF HARDENED CONCRETE (NDT TESTING)

Date: __________________ Site Description and Location: __________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ Rebound Number Test Impact No. Trial 1 Trial 2 Penetration Resistance Average Approximate Number Length not Strength of embedded probes used

Trial 3

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Average Approximate Strength ASTM C805, C803 Notes:

N. Randy Rainwater

Page

33

12/20/00

CE 321 Materials of Construction

321LabReqS01.doc

COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH SAMPLES

Specimen 1 Gauge Length Diameter Area Height Specimen 2 Specimen 3

COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH DATA

Specimen 1 Dial 1 Delta 1 ( ) Specimen 2 Dial 2 Delta 2 ( ) Specimen 3 Dial 3 Delta3 ( )

Load 0 10K 20K 30K 40K 50K 60K 70K 80K 90K 100K

Compressiv e Strength, psi

Portland Cement Type ___________ Water/Cement Ratio Design Strength Date: ___________ ___________ ___________ Recorded by: _________________ ASTM: C39, C512 Aggregate Type Slump ___________ ___________

N. Randy Rainwater

Page

34

12/20/00

CE 321 Materials of Construction

321LabReqS01.doc

FLEXURAL STRENGTH SAMPLE

Length, inches ___________ Span, inches ___________ Weight, lbs Unit Weight, pcf ___________ ____________

Width, inches ___________ Depth, inches ___________ Design Strength, psi ___________

FLEXURAL STRENGTH DATA

Load, lbs. Dial Reading ( ) ( Deflection )

Date ______________

Name _______________________

ASTM: C78

N. Randy Rainwater

Page

35

12/20/00

CE 321 Materials of Construction

321LabReqS01.doc

TRADITIONAL ASPHALT BINDER TESTS

Name _________________________________________ Sample No. Asphalt Type(s): 1 2 3 I. Penetration: Test 1 Test 2 Test 3 Average II. Ductility, cm.: III. Absolute Viscosity: Sample No. 1 ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ Source ______________ ______________ ______________ Sample No. 2 ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ Date ____________________ Grade ___________ ___________ ___________ Sample No. 3 ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________

Viscometer No. Bulb Used Time, sec. (t) Calib. Factor (C) Viscosity (poises) = Ct
IV. Specific Gravity:

_________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________

Sample No. 1

_______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________

Sample No. 2

(A) (B) (C) (D)

Wt. Of pycnometer + stopper, gm Wt. Of pycn., stopper + water, gm Wt. of pycn., stopper, + asph, gm Wt. pycn., stopper, asph, water, gm SPECIFIC GRAVITY:
(C A) / ((B A) (D C))

___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________

___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________

ASTM D 5, D 70, D 113, D 2161, D 2171, D3381

N. Randy Rainwater

Page

36

12/20/00

CE 321 Materials of Construction

321LabReqS01.doc

SUPERPAVE BINDER TESTS 1

Binder Grade: ____________________________ Date: __________________________

DYNAMIC SHEAR RHEOMETER

Test 1 Modulus (G*), Pascal Phase angle ( *), Degrees G*/(sin *), Pascal Strain Amplitude, Percent Temperature, C Plate Diameter, mm Thickness, mm Test 2 Test 3

BROOKFIELD ROTATIONAL VISCOMETER TEST

Constants (unless otherwise noted) Test Temperature 135C Torque 2% - 98% Motor Speed 20 RPM Spindle No. 27 Sample placed in Thermosel at __________________________ (wait at least 30 minutes before taking readings) Readings should be taken approximately 1 minute apart Reading Time Viscosity, cPa

% torque

1 2 3

Average

--------------------------

----ASTM P246, D4402

N. Randy Rainwater

Page

37

12/20/00

CE 321 Materials of Construction

321LabReqS01.doc

SUPERPAVE BINDER TESTS 2 FLEXURAL CREEP STIFFNESS USING BENDING BEAM RHOMETER
Binder Grade: _________________ Beam width: __________________ Time, s Date: _________________ Thickness: _____________ Load, mN Time: _______________ Span Length: 102 mm

Deflection, mm

Temperature, C

8 15 30 60 120 240

Measured Stiffness S(t) = PL3/4bh3 (t) S(t) = time-dependent flexural creep stiffness, MPa P = constant load, N L = Span length, mm b = width of beam, mm h = thickness of beam, mm (t) = deflection of beam, mm AASHTO TP1

ROLLING THIN-FILM OVEN TEST

N. Randy Rainwater

Page

38

12/20/00

CE 321 Materials of Construction

321LabReqS01.doc

ASPHALT MIXING, THEORITICAL MAXIMUM SPECIFIC GRAVITY,

Date: ______________________________ Sample Identification:_____________________________________________________ A. Components of Mix (if mixing in lab) Mass of asphalt in mix Mass of aggregate in mix % by wt AC % by wt aggregate B. Theoretical Maximum Specific Gravity Dry bowl mass Dry mass of bowl & asphalt Dry mass of asphalt (A) Mass of asphalt & bowl in water (B) Mass of bowl in water (D)

_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________

_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________

_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________

_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________

Mass of sample in water at 25EC (C) C=B-D Gmm=Theor. Max. Sp. Gravity = A/(A-C)

ASTM D979, D2041, D1559

N. Randy Rainwater

Page

39

12/20/00

CE 321 Materials of Construction

321LabReqS01.doc

BULK SPECIFIC GRAVITY, MARSHALL STABILITY AND FLOW,

Name ________________________________ Date Tested _____________________

Sample Identification: _______________________________________________________ Asphalt Cement S. G. ____________ Specimen 1: Specimen 2: Specimen 3: Diameter ________________ Diameter ________________ Diameter ________________ Aggregate S. G. ______________ Height _____________________ Height _____________________ Height _____________________ Spec. 1 BULK SPECIFIC GRAVITY (Marshall specimens) Dry mass in air (A) Mass in water (C) SSD mass in air (B) Gmb = Bulk Sp. Gr. = A/(B-C) Temperature of water Correction factor, K (1 at 25BC) Bulk Sp. Gr. = Gmb * K MARSHALL STABILITY Dial Reading Prov. Ring Factor Sample Size Factor Marshall Stability, lbs Marshall Flow Value: 1/100 inches ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ Spec. 2 ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ Spec. 3 ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______

ASTM D2726, D 3203

N. Randy Rainwater

Page

40

12/20/00

CE 321 Materials of Construction

321LabReqS01.doc

BULK SPECIFIC GRAVITY (Gyratory), IGNITION OVEN TEST

Sample Identification: ____________________________ BULK SPECIFIC GRAVITY (Gyratory specimens) Dry mass in air (A) Mass in water (C) SSD mass in air (B) Gmb = Bulk Sp. Gr. = A/(B-C) Temperature of water Correction factor, K (1 at 25BC) Bulk Sp. Gr. = Gmb * K IGNITION OVEN TEST Calibrated Asphalt Content (%) PERCENT AIR VOIDS Mass of Asphalt Binder Mass of Aggregate Gmm = Theo. Max. Sp. Gr. % Voids in the Mix (VTM) = 100(Gmm - Gmb) / Gmm = % Voids in Agg. (VMA) = 100 - Gmb(Ps/Gsb) = Ps = Percent by weight of aggregate Gsb = bulk specific gravity of the aggregate (assume 2.750 if not available) % Voids filled with asphalt (VFA) = 100(VMA - VTM)/VMA Date: __________________ Spec. 1 ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ Spec. 2 ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ Spec. 3 ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______

______ ______ ______ ______ ______

______

N. Randy Rainwater

Page

41

12/20/00

CE 321 Materials of Construction

321LabReqS01.doc

GYRATORY COMPACTION TEST

Mix Identification _________________________ Date ___________________________

GYRATORY COMPACTION Specimen Diameter_________________ Pressure ____________________ Gyrations Height, mm Gyrations Height, mm

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

AASHTO TP153, ASTM D2726, AASHTO TP4

N. Randy Rainwater

Page

42

12/20/00

CE 321 Materials of Construction

321LabReqS01.doc

WOOD COMPRESSION TESTS DATA SHEET

Type of Wood _________________________ No. of Rings / inch: Parallel Sample _____ Sample Dimensions: Parallel to Grain: Gage Lth. Sample Lth. Weight Date Tested _____________ Perpendicular Sample ___________ ________ ________ ________ Width Breadth ________ ________

Perpend. to Grain:

Bearing Plate Sample Lth. Weight

________ ________ ________

Sample Width Breadth

________ ________

PARALLEL TO GRAIN
LOAD (lbs) Dial Reading ( ) Deformation (in)

PERPENDICULAR TO GRAIN
LOAD (lbs) Dial Reading ( ) Deformation (in)

ASTM D 198

N. Randy Rainwater

Page

43

12/20/00

CE 321 Materials of Construction

321LabReqS01.doc

WOOD BENDING TEST DATA SHEET

Type of Wood ________________________ No. of Rings / inch: ______ Date Tested ________________

Approx. distance from center of tree ____________

Sample Dimensions: Length _______ Width _______ Height _______ Span _______ Weight of Beam: _________ Density of Beam _________ lb / ft3

LOAD (lbs)

DIAL READING ( )

DEFLECTION (in.)

Notes:______________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________

ASTM D 198

N. Randy Rainwater

Page

44

12/20/00

CE 321 Materials of Construction

321LabReqS01.doc

Appendix B Concrete Mixing and Testing Field Notes

N. Randy Rainwater

Page

45

12/20/00

CE 321 Materials of Construction

321LabReqS01.doc

CONCRETE MIX AND TESTING FIELD NOTES

C192 Making and Curing Test Specimens in the Laboratory Mallet: 1.25 +/- 0.5 lb Mixing Procedure weigh out portions of components, water in two containers 1. Add coarse aggregate 2. Add some of mixing water 3. Add admixture if using 4. Start mixer 5. Add fine aggregate 6. Add cement 7. Add water 8. Mix 3 minutes 9. Rest 3 minutes (cover to prevent evaporation) 10. Mix 2 minutes 11. Deposit sample into clean container (wheel barrow), [see C172 for sampling procedure] remix to eliminate segregation. Mold as close as possible to sampling location for first 24 hrs curing. Cover molded samples immediately, wet burlap and plastic good. Remove molds in 24 hrs +/- 8 Moist cure 73 +/- 3deg F until test (free water maintained on entire surface) Vibration free for first 28 hrs !! Water Storage Curing: immersed in water saturated with calcium hydroxide. C1064 Temperature 0 - 120 deg F thermometer 3 inches min. cover over sensor measure in transportation unit of form submerge a minimum of 2 minutes or stabilized measure within 5 min after obtaining sample C172 Sampling From revolving drum collect 2 or more portions from regularly spaced intervals during middle portion of discharge of batch. Mix into composite sample. Elapsed time from first to final portion shall not exceed 15 minutes Slump, temperature, air content start within 5 minutes of final portion of composite sample. Start molding test specimens within 15 minutes after obtaining final portion.

C143 Slump Mold: 4" to 8" diameter, x 12" high rod: 5/8" x 24" with 5/8" radius rounded end 2.5 minutes

N. Randy Rainwater

Page

46

12/20/00

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Dampen mold and equipment Perform on flat, clean, nonabsorbent, rigid surface Place in mold in 1/3 layers at 2 5/8" and 6 1/8" heights Rod 25 times just into layer beneath Keep excess at top during rodding last layer Strike off at top with tamping rod Remove cone in 3 - 7 sec Measure slump to displaced original center of top (if falling or shearing do over) Report to nearest 1/4" Complete entire test from filling to removal in 2.5 minutes

C138 Unit wt, Yield, Air content Unit Wt Use measure used for coarse aggregate unit wt ( cf), or the measure used with the Air Pressure meter (1/4 cf) if nominal maximum size aggregate is 1" or less Normally compact by rodding but require different method for slump <1" compact in 3 layers, 25 strokes each layer, penetrate lower layer about 1" (for cf measure) Tap smartly 10 to 15 times each layer about 1/8" excess over top of measure, then strike off with rigid plate Yield Yield: Y = W1/W W1 = total wt of all materials batched W = unit wt of concrete Relative Yield: Ry = Y/Yd Yd = Volume of concrete which batch was designed to produce Air Content -Pressure Method (C231) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. Place in container in 3 equal layers with the 25 rodding and 12 - 15 smart tapping routine. Strike of with straight edge Place top and seal Open both petcocks (make sure air valve is closed) Inject water through one petcock until it exits other petcock Jar container until air is expelled Close air bleeder valve Pump air into chamber until gage at initial pressure line Wait a few seconds Stabilize gage-pump or bleed off as necessary Close both petcocks Open air valve between air chamber and bowl Tap sides with mallet-stabilize gage Read meter

C31 Forming Test specimens in the field Cylindrical molds dampen mold 3 layer 25 rodding smart tapping routine, penetrate lower layer ~1" for 6" dia. molds Beam molds coat mold in mineral oil.. For our size mold, place in 2 layers, rod one time for each 2 in2 of top surface area Place specimens on vibration free surface and cover with damp cloth or water proof cover

For your Laboratory, return in approximately 24 hrs (+/- 8hrs), remove cylindrical mold and trash the mold (save the lid), identify cylinder with date and name and place in humid room. Remove beam mold and reassemble and place on the storage shelf and place beam in humid room.