INDEX

ad-hoc hypotheses, 69
affordance, 21, 1045
agency, 1921, 108, 124
alliance, 15, 99, 150, 15961
analogue model, 16471
antithetical epistemology, 39, 49, 613
aphorism, 1618, 223, 62
apparatus, 49, 63, 745
apparatus/world complex, 21, 745
Arendt, Hannah, 150, 174
ars inveniendi, 16, 213

Butts, Robert E., 50

Carnap, Rudolf, 1456
Cartwright, Nancy, 145
case studies, 70, 103, 149, 173
case study research, 54, 87, 109, 137, 168
catastrophes, 108, 130
collaboration, 101, 156
interdisciplinary, 126
colligation, 401, 478, 634
computer
model, 109, 129,135
programme BACON, 71
simulation, 68
technology, 105
concepts, 447, 63, 127, 1427
ecology, 1267, 143
fact,1213
conceptual
boundaries, 123
emptiness, 159
expansion, 7
framework, 13, 23, 71, 81, 121, 130,
1389
neglect, 98
obstacle, 70
opposition, 156
scheme, 10, 40, 45, 81, 139
space,1467
system, 634
tools, 142, 146
work, 62, 145
connectedness, 53, 715, 85, 1002, 1436,
146, 151
consensus, 5, 101, 120, 141, 1601, 169
consilience, 504, 73
container, 83, 107

Copyright

Bachelard, Gaston, 901, 148, 177

Bacon, Francis, 1115, 303
Great Renewal, 1517
Novum Organum, 11, 1416, 313
Baconian contract, 11115, 1203, 186
Baird, Davis, 13
Barthes, Roland, 82, 98
Bataille, Georges, 1749
Baudrillard, Jean, 160
Beck, Ulrich, 5
Bensaude-Vincent, Bernadette, 22, 177
bioengineering, 150
Biosphere, 155, 174, 184
blue planet, 1545
Bhme, Gernot, 100
border zone, 132, 139, 148
border/boundary, 12931
bordering, 125
Boulding, Kenneth E., 154, 182
boundary, 76, 81, 90, 117, 125, 136
concept, 125, 132
object, 1256, 132
work, 71, 96, 104, 1278, 1325
building with nature, 1513, 1635
Burkamp, Wilhelm, 137

251

252

Experiments in Practice

context
of discovery, 47, 701, 76, 79
interdisciplinary, 70
of justification, 52, 701, 79
contract
Baconian, 11115, 1203, 186
between science and society, 98, 112,
119, 185
social, 83, 115, 185
control, 50, 847, 1056, 114, 1545, 164,
17881
democratic, 164
of knowledge, 4, 1112, 1213
of nature, 145, 182
technical, 177, 183
Cooper, Gregory, 1467
cooperation, 101, 136
crisis, 34, 1257, 141
Cuvier, Georges, 43, 912

ecosystem research, 106

open-innovation ecosystem, 97
real-world ecosystem, 107
ecotechnology, 109, 1413, 158, 183
ecotone, 1301, 148
engineering
and arts, 49
as applied science, 132, 142
ecological, 142, 151
genetic, 85
and physics, 135
practice, 179
and science, 59, 76, 124, 138
science, 76, 156
social, 11718
utopian, 117
Enlightenment, 9, 17, 50
environmental
concerns, 5, 141
crisis, 144
ethics, 100
movement, 127, 141, 183
philosophy, 99
research, 141, 187
sciences, 68, 801, 1256, 1301,
1434, 151
environmentalism, 97, 150, 1579, 161, 183
experiment
fruit-bearing and light-bearing, 24
natural, 108
and observation, 33, 51, 6268, 185
and theory, 6871, 138
experimental
control, 109
design, 63, 80, 11621
philosophy, 9, 21, 689, 88
practice, 43, 6777, 7981, 90, 1057,
178
experimentation
and science, 88
social, 11519, 1634

Copyright
Darwin, Charles, 28, 143
Daston, Lorraine, 30, 87
group deliberation, 101
process of deliberation, 23, 76, 98102,
123, 167
public deliberation, 77, 113
socio-political deliberation, 126
design process, 1678
dichotomies, 25, 53, 79, 105, 124
dirty places, 97, 104
disciplinarity, 126
disposition, 24, 14651
Dewey, John, 11618
ecological
design, 10913
knowledge production, 142, 187
research, 137, 146
research programmes, 3
economic
principles, 173, 175
economics,
ecological, 17982, 184
general, 1757, 184
neoliberal, 126
restricted, 1757
special, 1767, 184

factory-laboratory, 91
fact(s), 1213, 23, 28, 38, 448, 645, 111,
150, 1767
and aphorism, 16
fiction, 16, 161
scientific, 16, 402, 49, 5763, 88, 106,
176
ecoscience, 1427, 181
social, 118
ecoscience and ecotechnology, 143, 147, 184
and theories, 28, 34, 39, 48, 53, 69, 83
ecosystem, 1068, 1803
and values, 124, 12730

Index
falsifiability, 52
falsificationist approach, 23
Faraday, Michael, 28, 46, 61
field experimentation, 645, 104, 115, 121
field practice, 956
field sciences, 8
Fisch, Menachem, 27, 39
Fleck, Ludwik, 73, 89
Forman, Paul, 9
Foucault, Michel, 37, 98
fundamental antithesis, 27, 40, 635
Galison, Peter, 734, 88, 132
Gieryn, Thomas, 118, 1325
genetic engineering, 85
geoengineering, 7, 184
gestalt, 89, 103, 128
gift, 15, 176, 184
GM organisms, 160, 163
governance, 6, 1213, 160
green
belt, 163
chemistry, 173
culture, 158, 188
nanotechnology, 15560
new deal, 183
technologies, 156, 173

253

imagery, 128, 131

image(s), 125, 1315
alarmist, 183
of boundless technical innovation, 184,
188
diversity of, 161
the field experiment, 102
mirror, 767
of nature, 140
visual, 131
in-betweens, 53, 106
induction, 2039
method of, 1924
table of, 478
innovation
and sustainability, 156
societal, 183
technological, 5, 109, 11317, 80, 148,
153, 15863
innovative practice, 112, 178
instrument, 13, 223, 435, 734, 86, 109,
129, 1478, 163, 173
and apparatus, 75
concepts as, 63
of discovery, 45, 68
ideas as, 117
inscription system, 10, 43
and machines, 30, 83
makers, 112, 179
and manpower, 104
and materials, 713
and methodological operations, 84
and practices, 67
technoscientific, 155
words and figures as, 43
instrumentalism, 76, 130
interdisciplinarity, 105, 126, 138
small and large, 138
interdisciplinary, 126
collaboration, 126
context, 70
research, 80
interdiscipline, 1256, 143
intervention,
instrumental, 40, 63
techniques of, 173

Copyright

Hacking, Ian, 67, 76

Haeckel, Ernst, 1434
Harr, Rom, 745
Helmholtz, Hermann von, 6970
Herschel, John, 28, 29, 61
Hesse, Mary, 22
heuristic
hoist, 9, 88, 178
power, 181
research, 767
tool, 1718, 245, 438, 62
holistic
image of nature, 140
world view, 1389
Humboldt, Alexander von, 57, 92, 1023
Naturgeographie, 102
Hume, David, 3238

idea of necessity, 3740, 125, 146, 17980

ideal type, 82, 153, 170
of lab and field, 957
idiographic method, 82, 1024, 144, 149
ignorance and uncertainty, 6, 124

254

Experiments in Practice

jumping together, 513

Kant, Immanuel, 21, 27, 125, 129
knowledge
co-production, 49, 90, 186
mode 2, 77, 99, 126
production, 46, 16, 29, 737, 85,
11316, 1756
society, 46, 80, 11315, 126, 161, 188
knowledge-society contract, 1156, 161
Knorr-Cetina, Karin, 82, 889, 106
Kchy, Kristian, 835
Kohler, Robert, 82, 912, 1323
Krohn, Wolfgang, 13, 20
Kuhn, Thomas, 23, 69
lab-field boundary, 912, 103
laboratory
practice, 7981
walls, 10, 83, 102, 111, 150
Lacey, Hugh, 82
Lakatos, Imre, 51, 69
Lamarck, Jean-Baptiste de, 91
landscape, 98, 102, 1523, 16971
architecture, 152, 164
designer, 165, 170
ecology, 102, 116
ideal, 171
Laplacian theory, 57
Latour, Bruno, 9, 74, 88, 148
Laudan, Larry, 524
Laudan, Rachel, 767
Lavoisier, Antoine, 175, 1779
lawlikeness, 48, 1023
Lichtenberg, Georg Christoph, 9, 1617, 88
limits to growth, 125, 129, 1548, 1745,
183
Lindeman, Raymond L., 181
Linnean system, 423
living
matter, 176
nature, 127, 13940
organism, 54, 86, 174, 182
system, 107
living lab, 6, 97, 113
Livingstone, David L., 82, 92
logic
of adaption, 173
of discovery, 71
of induction, 33, 3941, 50

of representation, 37
of power and balance, 180
logic of case studies, 147
Longino, Helen, 145
love, 14, 128, 157, 180
Lovelock, James, 154
machine, 30, 43, 713, 145, 1803
cybernetic world, 183
data-driven inductive, 71
explanatory, 145
great, 180
man-, 121
machinery, 15, 112, 179
intellectual, 15, 22
Macy conferences, 181
Malpas, James, 99
Malthus, Thomas Robert, 17981, 183
manufacture, 31, 68, 89, 153
Martinez, Oscar, 133
material realization, 68, 1302
materialization, 164, 1677
mesocosm, 1067
metaphors, 18, 234, 401, 53, 756
and analogies, 131
and aphorism, 22
and concepts, 128
as experimental technique, 23
visual, 125, 187
micro-scale, 148
middle path, 13, 23, 49
Mitchell, Sandra, 1467
mode 2 knowledge production, 77, 99, 126
model
Bacons bee, 15, 23
and imaginery, 1346
of an integrating science, 139
and nature, 1523
organism, 90
population, 179180
and scientific practice, 736
spaceship, 1549, 182
3D, 16571
modernity, 20, 125, 138
modes of knowledge production, 76, 79, 147
multidimensional account, 1467
multidisciplinarity, 126
museum, 29, 80, 912, 152
of natural history, 97, 149

Copyright

Index
nanotechnology, 142, 150, 15560
and sustainability, 155
natural
classification, 142
divisions, 131
experiment, 108
history, 31, 425, 92, 13842, 181
limits, 178
objects, 21, 889
phenomena, 15, 401, 52, 72, 90
philosophy, 113, 19, 30, 101, 103,
1389
places, 81, 97
sciences, 87, 102, 105, 112, 124, 1378,
185
selection, 87
system, 61, 75, 92, 1089, 181
naturalness, 152
new nature, 153, 171
nomothetic method, 82, 1023
Nordmann, Alfred, 16, 128, 159, 175

255

photographs 6, 149, 169

aerial, 1656
picture
big, 6
matrix, 6
of science, 50, 77
piecemeal engineering, 11718
place, 29, 48, 61, 82, 95, 99100, 103, 107,
153
connectedness to, 100
controlled, 82, 95
dirty, 97, 104, 163
dwelling, 88, 95
as gestalt, 103
idea of, 99
natural, 15, 401, 52, 81, 90, 97
new, 151
particular, 100, 1034, 127, 153, 171
physical, 90, 103
practices of, 82, 95
representation of, 148
and scale, 107
and space, 989, 151, 173
specifity of, 55, 88, 102, 133
uncontrolled, 82, 108
planning technique, 153, 171
pleasure, 224
policy making, 11921, 151
political economy, 45, 1735
Pomata, Gianna, 29
Popper, Karl, 145
post-normal science, 77
power
of conceptions, 49, 157
of critique, 83
of explanation, 52
of numbers, 87
of pleasure, 161
of population, 179
of seduction, 15961
population (biology), 10910, 121, 138,
146
control, 154, 183
model, 179180
practice(s), 12, 1820, 27, 95, 112, 1247,
147, 185
of induction, 32, 47
laboratory, 7981
of place, 82, 95

Copyright

object
ecological, 149
natural, 21, 889
scientific, 40, 723, 845, 889, 107,
148, 155, 1812
technoscientific, 7, 21, 109, 164
objectivity, 4, 87, 147
observation, 2943, 7691, 118, 168, 186
observational practice, 7, 90, 102
Odum, Eugene, 106, 155
oikos, 143, 1501, 1613
ontology, 7, 48
of objects, 21, 81
phenomena
biological, 86
individual, 82
laws of, 468
natural, 15, 401, 52, 90
new, 43, 51

particular, 105, 165

phenomeno-technological processes, 21
philosophical breakfast club, 28, 39
philosophy
of ecology, 1467
experimental, 9, 12, 21, 33, 49, 689, 88
idealist, 27, 31
natural, 1113, 19, 30, 101, 103, 1389
rationalist, 31

256

Experiments in Practice

of science, 27, 39, 64, 81, 88, 93, 131,

149, 181
and theory, 13
principle(s)
of conservation, 1768
first, 35
of gestalt, 180
housekeeping, 173
of induction, 29, 48
of resemblance, 42, 58
sustainability, 156
of transgression, 171
probability, 357, 52, 147
problem solving, 767, 11617
promise, 111, 1559, 163
green, 155, 163
of sustainability, 160, 173
pseudo-sciences, 70
purification, 2, 33, 879, 148, 177
rational heuristics, 71
real-world
experiments, 113, 147, 163
models, 170
simulation, 109
recording technique, 10, 22
reductionist
ideal, 84
research programme, 514, 69, 73, 85, 95,
110, 119, 139
Rheinberger, Hans-Jrg, 735
rhetoric, 32
of right and wrong, 120
of sustainability, 152
rhetorical, 80
force, 16
work, 132
risk, 11114, 1204, 160
Russell, Bertrand, 326, 117

Schumpeter, Joseph, 176

science
and engineering, 59, 76, 124, 138
and experimentation, 88
and governance, 6, 160
and government, 114
and its institutional setting, 124
and politics, 131
and practice, 126
and society, 4, 78, 49, 83, 98, 11112,
121, 186
and technology, 71, 767, 11314,
1234, 178
and technoscience, 150, 184
scientia operativa, 21
scientific pluralism, 1456
self-image(s), 7
Shrader-Frechette, Kristine, 147
simulation, 1059, 155
social
engineering, 11718
experimentation, 11519, 1634
value, 6, 164
space
cognitive, 83, 89
conceptual,1467
controlled, 80, 84
ecology, 1501
enclosed, 83, 92, 109
limited, 154, 179
and number, 30
and place, 98100, 151, 173
of possibilities, 15960
open, 80, 82, 923, 99, 114, 161
as a resource, 156
social, 97
and time, 28, 62, 118, 146
uncontrolled, 82, 121
urban green, 152
spacecape, 98
spaceship earth, 1545, 182
specifity of place, 55, 88, 102, 133
stabilization
of a scientific object, 84
of values, 168, 171
Stafford, Barbara
Visual Analogy, 53
Stokes, Donald, 11415
styles of science, 104
subjunctive form, 223, 44

Copyright
scale, 116, 135, 149, 169
global, 5, 61
large, 29, 111, 118, 140, 163
local, 107
of man, 21
mesocosm, 107
of natural numbers, 43
spatial, 108
temporal, 108
scarcity, 141,179
limited world of, 184

Index
succession, 20, 1301
sustainability, 1249, 15060
discourse, 151, 1569
and nanotechnology, 155
rhetoric of, 152
sciences, 125, 150, 183
systems theory, 127, 1812
technique
decision-making, 130
of description, 96, 130
experiential, 91
experimental, 23, 142, 164
of intervention, 173
memory, 149
planning, 153, 171
recording, 10, 22
techno-phenomenological artefacts, 103
technoscience, 77, 142, 150, 165, 1759,
188
theory
building, 23, 49, 70, 73, 91, 101, 149
of confirmation, 47, 51
and consilience, 502
and experiment, 679, 89, 186
and fact, 27, 39
folk, 158
of forms, 131
of induction, 48, 64
and observation, 57, 61, 117
and practice, 13, 88, 127, 138
and prediction, 14, 64, 124
of probability, 35
of the sources of knowledge, 39
theory-driven science, 70
theory-ladenness, 702, 76
Thienemann, August, 1379
thing, 13, 204, 3643, 829, 132
knowledge, 13, 95
tinkering, 95, 124, 161, 168
tool, 10, 1617, 22, 3942, 50, 62, 137
of inscription, 186
trading zone, 713, 126, 132
transdisciplinarity, 126, 144
transgressing borders, 135
transgression, 17, 1234, 183
Trepl, Ludwig, 152
trial and error, 4, 116, 124
method, 72, 83
triple helix, 77

257

uncontrolled
environment, 7981, 186
field condition, 112
nature, 90, 97, 107
place, 82, 95
space, 82, 121
uneven mirror, 24
urban
ecology, 126
green belt, 163
planning, 112, 116
green spaces, 152
studies, 118
values, 234, 867, 100, 11617, 123, 130,
164, 16871
cultural, 104
epistemic, 106, 171
epistemologcial, 81
incommensurable, 144
new, 157, 164
political, 6, 151
values and norms, 168
Vernadsky, Vladimir Ivanovich, 181
visual, 156
analogy, 53
images, 131
imagination, 125
instrument, 28
representations, 12831
visualization, 6, 96, 169

Copyright
Walls, Laura D., 53
walls
laboratory, 10, 90, 102, 185
protective, 150
of scientific institutions, 111
Whewell, William, 2731, 3965
Novum Organum Renovatum, 10, 52
Wilson, Edward O., 523
Windelband, Wilhelm, 82, 102
Wittgenstein, Ludwig, 16, 128
works, 25, 150
Zedler Encyclopaedia, 301