+.

Indicate the started as early as

KENNEDY 4 th EDITION true statement. %he process of sending and receiving MULTIPLE CHOICES

a. the middle 1,3(s b. 1-!( 1. In communications system, noise is most likely to affect the signal c.athe beginning of the twentieth century . the ,-4." a. at the transmitter b. in the channel -. .hich of the steps is not included in the process of reception/ c. in the information source d. at the destination a. decoding b. enc$ in) 2. Indicate the c. storage wave of d. consist interpretation false

INTRO TO COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM

statement. Fourier analysis shows that a sawtooth

a. fun a!ental an is "ubha#!$nic "ine %a&e" ,. %he acoustic channel used for which of the following/ b. a fundamental sine wave and an infinite number of harmonics c. and harmonic sine waves whose amplitude decreases with a. fundamental 0)F communications the harmonic number b. single"sideband communication d. sinusoidal voltages, some of which are small enough to ignore in c. television communications practice . 'e#"$n/t$/'e#"$n &$ice c$!!unicati$n" 3. Indicate the modulation false statement. 1(. 'mplitude is the process of Modulation is used to a. uce the ban a%i th u"e a. #e "u'e#i!'$"in) l$% f#e0uenc( $n a hi)h f#e0uenc( b. separate differing transmissions b. superimposing a high fre#uency on a low fre#uency c. that intelligence may be transmitted over long distances c. ensure carrier interruption d. the use ofand practicable antennas d. allow fre#uency shift phase shift . Indicate the false statement. From the transmitter the signal deterioration because of noise is usually a. unwanted energy b. '#e ictable in cha#acte# c. present in the transmitter d. due to any cause !. Indicate the true statement. Most receivers conforms to the

a. amplitude"modulated group b. fre#uency"modulated oup gr c. "u'e#hete#$ (ne )#$u' d. tuned radio fre#uency receiver group $. Indicate the false e&emplified by the following. statement. %he need for modulation can best be

a. Antenna len)th" %ill be a''#$*i!atel( +4 l$n) b. 'n antenna in the standard broadcast 'M band is 1$,((( ft c. 'll sound is concentrated from 2( )* to 2( k)* d. ' message is composed of unpredictable variations in both amplitude and fre#uency

NOISE
1. 1ne of the following types of noise becomes of great importance at high fre#uencies. It is the a. shot noise b. random noise c. impulse noise . t#an"it/ti!e n$i"e 2. Indicate the false statement.

a. )F mi&ers are generally noisier than )F amplifiers. b. I!'ul"e n$i"e &$lta)e i" in e'en ent $f ban %i th. c. %hermal noise is independent of the fre#uency at which it is measured. d. Industrial noise is usually of the impulse type. 3. %he value of a resistor creating thermal noise is doubled. %he noise power generator is therefore a. halved b. #uadrupled c. doubled . unchan)e . 1ne of the following is performance of receivers2 a. In'ut n$i"e &$lta)e b. 3#uivalent noise resistance c. 4oise temperature d. 4oise figure !. Indicate the noise whose source is in a category different from that of the other three. a. 5olar noise b. 6osmic noise c. At!$"'he#ic n$i"e d. 7alactic noise $. Indicate the false statement. %he s#uare of the thermal noise voltage generated by a resistor is proportional to a. its resistance b. its temperature c. 1$lt2!ann3" c$n"tant d. the bandwidth over which it is measured not a useful #uantity for comparing the noise

+. .hich of broad classifications of noise are most difficult to treat/ a. n$i"e )ene#ate in the #ecei&e# b. noise smitter generated in the tran c. e*te#nall( )ene#ate n$i"e d. internally generated noise -. 5pace noise generally covers a wide fre#uency spectrum, but the strongest interference occurs a. between - M)* and 1. 3 7)* b. below 2( Mh* c. bet%een 4. t$ ,4. MH2 d. above 1.! 7)* ,. .hen dealing with random noise calculations it must be remembered that a. all calculations are based on peak to peak values b. calculations are based on peak values c. calculations are based on average values . calculati$n" a#e ba"e $n RMS &alue" 1(. .hich of the following is the most reliable measurement for comparing amplifier noise characteristics/ a. signal"to"noi se ratio b. n$i"e fact$# c. shot noise d. thermal noise agitation 11. .hich of the following statements is true /

a. 8andom noise power is inversely proportional to bandwidth b. Flicker is sometimes called demodulation noise c. N$i"e i" !i*e#" i" cau"e b( ina e0uate i!a)e f#e0uenc( #e5ecti$n d. ' random voltage across a resistance cannot be calculated

AMPLITUDE MODULATION
1. If the plate supply voltage for a plate"modulated class 6 amplifier is 9, the ma&imum plate"cathode voltage could be almost as high as a. 46 b. 39 c. 29 d. 19 2. In a low"level 'M system, amplifiers following the modulated stage must be a. linea# e&ice" b. harmonic devices c. class 6 amplifiers d. nonlinear devices 3. If the carrier of a 1(( percent modulated 'M wave is suppressed, the percentage power saving will be a. !( b. 1!( c. 1(( . 77.77 . :eak"type bias is used in a plate"modulated class 6 amplifier to a. prevent tuned circuit damping b. '#e&ent e*ce""i&e )#i cu##ent c. prevent overmodulation d. increase the bandwidth !. %he output stage of a television transmitter is most likely to be a a. plate"modulated class 6 amplifier b. )#i /!$ ulate cla"" C a!'lifie# c. screen"modulated class 6 amplifier d. grid"modulated class ' amplifier $. %he modulation inde& of an 'M wave is changed from ( to 1. %he transmitted power is a. unchanged b. halved c. doubled . inc#ea"e b( 8. 'e#cent

+. 1ne of the advantages of the base modulation over collector modulation of a transistor class 6 amplifier is a. the l$%e# !$ ulatin) '$%e# #e0ui#e b. higher power output per transistor c. better efficiency d. better linearity -. ' carrier is simultaneously modulated by two sine waves with modulation indices of (.3 and (. ; the total modulation inde& a. is 1 b. cannot be calculated unless the phase relations are known c. i" ..8 d. is (.+ ,. 'mplitude modulation is used for broadcasting because a. it is more noise immune than other modulation systems. b. 6ompared with other systems it re#uires less transmitting power c. it" u"e a&$i " #ecei&e# c$!'le*it(. d. no other modulation system can provide the necessary bandwidth for high fidelity 1(. .hat is the ratio of modulating power to total power at 1(( percent modulation/ a. ,9: b. 122 c. 223 d. 4one of the above

SIN;LE/SIDE1AND TECHNI<UES
1. Indicate the false statement regarding the advantages of 55< over double sideband, full"carrier 'M a. More channel space is available. b. T#an"!itte# ci#cuit" !u"t be !$#e "table= )i&in) bette# #ece'ti$n. c. %he signal is more noise"resistant d. Much less power is re#uired for the same signal strength 2. .hen the modulation inde& of an 'M wave is doubled, the antenna current is also doubled. %he 'M system being used is a. 5ingle"sideband, full carrier =)33> b. 9estigial sideband =63F> c. Sin)le/"i eban = "u''#e""e ca##ie# >?:E@ d. ?ouble"sideband, full carrier ='33> 3. Indicate which one of the following advantages of the phase cancellation method of obtaining 55< over the filter method is a. 5witching from one sideband to the other is simpler. b. It is possible to generate 55< at any fre#uency. c. 55< with lower audio fre#uencies present can be generated . The#e a#e !$#e balance !$ ulat$#"A the#ef$#e the ca##ie# i" "u''#e""e bette#. . %he most commonly used filters in 55< generation are a. !echanical b. 86 c. :6 d. low"pass !. In an 55< transmitter, one is most likely to find a a. class 6 audio amplifier b. tuned modulator c. cla"" 1 RB a!'lifie# d. class ' 8F output amplifier $. Indicate in which one of the following only one sideband is transmitted. a. H:E b. '33 c. <-3 d. 63F false 2

+. 1ne of the following 55<. %his is the a. filter system b. phase"shift method c. third method . balance !$ ulat$#

cannot be used to remove the unwanted sideband in

-. 833 modulation is sometimes used to a. allow the receiver to have a fre#uency synthesi*er b. "i!'lif( the f#e0uenc( "tabilit( '#$ble! in #ece'ti$n c. reduce the power that must be transmitted d. reduce the bandwidth re#uired for transmission ,. %o provide two or more voice circuits with the same carrier, it is necessary to use a. IS1 b. carrier insertion c. 55< with pilot carrier d. :incompe& 1(. 9estigal sideband modulation =63F> is normally used for a. )F point"to"point communications b. monoaural asting broadc c. T6 b#$a ca"tin) d. stereo broadcasting

BRE<UENCY MODULATION
1. In the stabili*e reactance modulator 'F6 system, a. the discriminator must have a fast time constant to prevent demodulation b. the higher the discriminator fre#uency, the better the oscillator fre#uency stability c. the i"c#i!inat$# f#e0uenc( !u"t n$t be t$$ l$%= $# the "("te! %ill fail d. phase modulation is converted into FM by the e#uali*er circuit 2. In the spectrum of a fre#uency"modulated wave a. the carrier fre#uency disappears when the modulation inde& is large b. the a!'litu e $f an( "i eban e'en " $n the !$ ulati$n in e* c. the total number of sidebands depends on the modulation inde& d. the carrier fre#uency cannot disappear 3. %he difference between phase and fre#uency modulation a. is purely theoretical because they are the same in practice b. is too great to make the two system compatible c. lies in the poorer audio response of phase modulation . lie" in the iffe#ent efiniti$n" $f the !$ ulati$n in e* . Indicate the false statement regarding the 'rmstrong modulation system a. %he system is basically phase, not fre#uency modulation, b. 'F6 is not needed, as crystal oscillator is used. c. Fre#uency multiplication mus t be used. . E0uali2ati$n i" unnece""a#( !. 'n FM signal with a modulation inde& m is passed through a fre#uency f tripler. %he wave in the output of the tripler will have a modulation inde& of a. m f @3 b. m f c. :! f d. ,m f $. 'n FM signal with a deviation d is passed through a mi&er, and has its fre#uency reduced fivefold. %he deviation in the output of the mi&er is a. !d b. Indeterminate c. d@ ! . +. ' pre"emphasis circuit provides e&tra noise immunity by a. boosting the bass fre#uencies b. a!'lif(in) the hi)he# au i$ f#e0uencie" c. preamplifying the whole audio band d. converting the phase modulation to FM

-. 5ince noise phase"modulates the FM wave, as the noise sideband fre#uency approaches the carrier fre#uency, the noise amplitude a. remains constant b. i" ec#ea"e c. is increased d. is e#uali*ed ,. .hen the modulating fre#uency is doubled, the modulation inde& is halved, and the modulating voltage remains constant. %he modulation system is a. amplitude modulation b. phase modulation c. f#e0uenc( !$ ulati$n d. any of the three 1(. Indicate which one of the following is a. <etter noise immunity is provided b. L$%e# ban %i th i" #e0ui#e c. %he transmitted power is more useful d. :ess modulating power is re#uired not an advantage of FM over 'M2

11. 1ne of the following is an indirect way of generating FM. %his is the a. reactance F3% modulator b. varactor diode modulator c. A#!"t#$n) !$ ulat$# d. reactance bipolar transistor modulator 12. In an FM stereo multiple& transmission, the a. sum signal modulates 1, k)* subcarrier b. difference signal modulates the 1, k)* subcarrier c. iffe#ence "i)nal !$ ulate" the :- CH2 "ubca##ie# d. difference signal modulates the $+ k)* subcarrier

RADIO RECEI6ERS
1. Indicate which of the following statements about the advantages of the phase discriminator over the slope detector is false a. Much easier alignment b. <etter linearity c. ;#eate# li!itin) d. Fewer tuned circuits 2. 5how which of the following statements about the amplitude limiter is untrue 2 a. The ci#cuit i" al%a(" bia"e in cla"" C= b( &i#tue $f the leaC/t('e bia". b. .hen the input increases past the threshold of the limiting, the gain decreases to keep the output constant. c. %he output must be tuned d. :eak"type bias must be used 3. In a radio receiver with simple '76 a. an inc#ea"e in "i)nal "t#en)th '#$ uce" !$#e A;C b. the audio stage gain is normally controlled by the '76 c. the faster the '76 time constant the more accurate the output d. the highest '76 voltage is produced . In a broadcast superheterodyne receiver, the a. local oscillator operates below the signal fre#uency b. !i*e# in'ut !u"t be tune t$ the "i)nal f#e0uenc( c. local oscillator fre#uency is normally double the IF d. 8F amplifier normally works at !! k)* above the carrier fre#uency !. %o prevent overloading of the IF amplifier in a receiver, one should use a. s#uelch b. &a#iable "en"iti&it( c. variable selectivity d. double conversion $. ' superheterodyne receiver with an IF of !( k)* is tuned to a signal at 12(( k)*. %he image fre#uency is a. +!( k)* b. ,(( k)* c. 1$!( k)* . 4,.. CH2 2

+. In a ratio detector a. the linea#it( i" %$#"e than in 'ha"e i"c#i!inat$# b. stabili*ation against signal strength variations is provided c. the output is twice that obtainable from a similar phase discriminator d. the circuit is the same as in a discriminator, e&cept that the diodes are reversed -. %he typical s#uelch circuit cuts off a. an au i$ a!'lifie# %hen the ca##ie# i" ab"ent b. 8F interference when the signal is weak c. 'n IF amplifier when the '76 is ma&imum d. 'n IF amplifier when the '76 is minimum ,. Indicate the receivers. false statement in connection with communications

a. %he noise limiter cuts off the receiverAs output during a noise pulse. b. ' product demodulator could be used for the reception of Morse code. c. ?ouble conversion is used to improve image reBection . 6a#iable "en"iti&it( i" u"e t$ eli!inate "electi&e fa in) 1(. %he controlled oscillator synthesi*er is sometimes preferred over the direct one because a. it is a simpler piece of e#uipment b. its fre#uency stability is better c. it does not re#uire crystal oscillator . it i" #elati&el( f#ee $f "'u#i$u" f#e0uenc( 11. %he fre#uency generated by each decade in a direct fre#uency synthesi*er is much higher than the fre#uency shown; this is done to a. #e uce the "'u#i$u" f#e0uenc( '#$ble! b. increase the fre#uency stability of the synthesi*er c. reduce the number of decades d. reduce the number of crystals re#uired 12. Indicate which of the following circuits could a. <alance modulator b. Croduct modulator c. <F1 . Pha"e i"c#i!inat$# not demodulate 55<2

13. If a F3% is used as the first 'F amplifier in a transistor receiver, this will have the effect of a. improving the effectiveness of the '76 b. #e ucin) the effect $f ne)ati&e/'eaC cli''in) c. reducing the effect of noise at low modulation depths d. improving the selectivity of the receiver 1 . Indicate the false statement. %he superheterodyne receiver replaced the %8F receiver because the latter suffered from a. gain variation over the fre#uency coverage range b. in"ufficient )ain an "en"iti&it( c. inade#uate selectivity at high fre#uencies d. instability 1!. %he image fre#uency of a superheterodyne receiver a. is created within the receiver itself b. is due to insufficient adBacent channel reBection c. i" n$t #e5ecte be the IB tune ci#cuit" d. is independent of the fre#uency to which the receiver is tuned 1$. 1ne of the main functions of the 8F amplifier in a superheterodyne receiver is to a. provide improved tracking b. permit better adBacent"channel reBection c. increase the tuning range of the receiver . i!'#$&e the #e5ecti$n $f the i!a)e f#e0uenc( 1+. ' receiver has poor IF selectivity. It will therefore also have poor a. bl$cCin) b. double"spotting c. diversion reception d. sensitivity 1-. %hree"point tracking is achieved with a. variable selectivity b. the 'a e# ca'acit$# c. double spotting d. double conversion 1,. %he local oscillator of a broadcast receiver is tuned to a fre#uency higher than the incoming fre#uency a. to help the image fre#uency reBection b. to permit easier tracking c. because otherwise an intermediate fre#uency could not be produced . t$ all$% a e0uate f#e0uenc( c$&e#a)e %ith$ut "%itchin)

2(. If the intermediate fre#uency is very high =indicate a. image fre#uency reBection is very good b. the local oscillator need not be e&tremely stable c. the or selectivity will be po . t#acCin) %ill be i!'#$&e 21. ' low ratio of the ac to the dc load impedance of a diode detector results in a. diagonal clipping b. poor '76 operation c. ne)ati&e/'eaC cli''in) d. poor 'F response 22. 1ne of the following cannot be used to demodulate 55<2

false

statement>

a. Croduct detector b. ?iode <alance modulator c. 1i'$la# t#an"i"t$# balance !$ ulat$# d. 6omplete phase"shift generator 23. Indicate the with D33, we see that false statement. 4oting that no carrier is transmitter

a. the receiver cannot use a phase comparator for 'F6 b. a 5acent/channel #e5ecti$n i" !$#e ifficult c. production of '76 is a rather complicated process d. the transmission is not compatible with '33 2 . .hen a receiver has good blocking performance, this means that a. it does not suffer from double"spotting b. its image fre#uency reBection is poor c. it i" unaffecte b( A;C e#i&e f#$! nea#b( t#an"!i""i$n" d. its detector suffers from burnout 2!. 'n 'M receiver uses a diode detector for demodulation. %his enables it satisfactorily to receive a. single"sideband, suppressed"carrier b. single"sideband, reduced"carrier c. I5< . Sin)le/"i eban = full/ca##ie#

TRANSMISSION LINES
1. Indicate the false statement. %he 5.8 on a transmission line is infinity; the line is terminated in a. a short circuit b. a c$!'le* i!'e ance c. an open circuit d. a pure reactance 2. ' =+!" j !(>" is connected to a coa&ial transmission line of E at 1( 7)*. %he best method of matching consists in connecting a. a short"circuited stub at the load b. an inductance at the load c. a capacitance at some specific distance . a "h$#t/ci#cuite "tub at "$!e "'ecific i"tance f#$! the l$a 3. %he velocity factor of a transmission line a. e'en " $n the ielect#ic c$n"tant $f the !ate#ial u"e b. increases the velocity along the transmission line c. is govern by the skin effect d. is higher for a solid dielectric than for air . Impedance inversion may be obtained with a. a short"circuited stub b. an open"circuited stub c. a 0ua#te#/%a&e line d. a half"wave line !. 5hort"circuited stubs are preferred to open"circuited stubs because the latter are a. more difficult to make an connect b. made sion line of awith transmis a different characteristic impedance c. liable t$ #a iate d. incapable of giving a full range of reactances $. For transmission"line load matching over a range of fre#uencies, it is best to use a a. balun b. broadband directional coupler c. $uble "tub d. single stub of adBustable position
1

F +! ,

+. %he main disadvantage of the two"hole directional coupler is a. low directional coupling b. poor directivity c. high 5.8 . na##$% ban %i th -. %o couple a coa&ial line to a parallel"wire line, it is best to use a a. slotted line b. balun c. directional coupler d. #uarter"wave transformer ,. Indicate the three types of transmission line energy losses. a. I 2 R, RL , and temperature b. Ra iati$n= I 2 R= an ielect#ic heatin) c. ?ielectric separation, insulation breakdown, and radiation d. 6onductor heating, dielectric heating, and radiation resistance. 1(. Indicate the true statement below. %he directional coupler is

a. a device used to connect a transmitter to a directional antenna b. a c$u'lin) e&ice f$# !atchin) i!'e ance c. a device used to measure transmission line power d. an 5.8 measuring instrument

RADIATION AND PROPA;ATION OB DA6ES

1. Indicate which one of the following terms applies to troposcatter propagation2 a. 5I?s b. Ba in) c. 'tmospheric storms d. Faraday rotation 2. 9:F waves are used for some type of services because a. of the low powers re#uired b. the transmitting antennas are of convenient si*e c. the( a#e &e#( #eliable d. the penetrate the ionosphere easily 3. Indicate which of the following fre#uencies beyond"the"hori*on terrestrial communications without repeaters2 a. 2( k)* b. 1! M)* c. ,(( M)* . ,4 ;H2 . )igh"fre#uency waves are a. absorbed by the F2 layer b. reflected by the Dlayer c. capable of use for long"distance communications on the moon . affecte b( the "$la# c(cle !. ?istances near the skip distance should be used for the sky"wave propagation a. to avoid tilting b. t$ '#e&ent "C(/%a&e an u''e# #a( inte#fe#ence c. to avoid the Faraday effect d. so as nor to e&ceed the critical fre#uency $. ' ship"to"ship communications system is plagued by fading. %he best solution seems to be use of a. a more directional antenna b. a broadband antenna c. f#e0uenc( i&e#"it( d. space diversity cannot be used for reliable

+. ' range of microwave fre#uencies more easily passed by the atmosphere than are the others is called a a. %in $% b. critical fre#uency c. gyro fre#uency range d. resonance in the atmosphere -. Fre#uencies in the 0)F range normally propagate by means of a. ground waves b. sky waves c. surface waves . "'ace %a&e" ,. %ropospheric scatter is used with fre#uencies in the following range2 a. )F b. 9)F c. UHB d. 9:F 1(. %he ground wave eventually disappears, as one moves away from the transmitter, because of a. interference from the sky wave b. loss of line"of"sight conditions c. ma&imum single"hop distance limitation . tiltin) 11. In electromagnetic waves, polari*ation a. is caused by reflection b. i" ue t$ the t#an"&e#"e natu#e $f the %a&e" c. results from the longitudinal nature of the waves d. is always vertical in an isotropic medium 12. 's electromagnetic waves travel in free space, only one of the following can happen to them2 a. absorption b. attenuati$n c. refraction d. reflection 13. %he absorption of radio waves by the atmosphere depends on a. thei# f#e0uenc( b. their distance from the transmitter c. the polari*ation of the waves d. the polari*ation of the atmosphere

1 . 3lectromagnetic waves are refracted when they a. 'a"" int$ a !e iu! $f iffe#ent ielect#ic c$n"tant b. are polari*ed at right angles to the direction of propagation c. encounter a perfectly conducting plane d. pass through a small slot in a conducting plane 1!. ?iffraction of electromagnetic waves a. is caused by reflections from the ground b. arises only with spherical wavefronts c. will occur when the waves pass through a large slot . !a( $ccu# a#$un the e )e $f a "ha#' $b"tacle 1$. .hen microwave signals follow the curvature of the earth, this is known as a. the day Fara effect b. uctin) c. tropospheric scatter d. ionospheric reflection 1+. )elical antennas are often used for satellite tracking at 9)F because of a. troposcatter b. superrefraction c. ionospheric ion refract . the Ba#a a( effect

ANTENNAS
1. 'n ungrounded antenna near the ground a. acts as a single antenna of twice the height b. is unlikely to need a ground screen c. act" a" an antenna a##a( d. must be hori*ontally polari*ed 2. 1ne of the following consists of nonresonant antennas2 a. The #h$!bic antenna b. %he folded dipole c. %he end"fire array d. %he broadside array 3. 1ne of the following is very useful as a multiband )F receiving antenna. %his is the2 a. conical horn b. folded dipole c. l$) 'e#i$ ic d. s#uare loop . .hich of the following antennas is best e&cited from a waveguide/ a. <icon ical b. H$#n c. )elical d. ?iscone !. Indicate which of the following reasons for using a counterpoise with antenna is false 2 a. Impossibility of a good ground connection b. P#$tecti$n $f 'e#"$nnel %$#Cin) un e#)#$un c. Crovision of an earth for the antenna d. 8ockiness of the ground $. 1ne of the following is not a reason for the use of an antenna coupler2

a. %o make the antenna look resistive b. %o provide the output amplifier with the correct load impedance c. %o discriminate against harmonics . T$ '#e&ent #e#a iati$n $f the l$cal $"cillat$# +. Indicate the antenna that is a. ?iscone b. Folded ?ipole c. )elical . Ma#c$ni not wideband:2

-. Indicate which one of the following reasons for the use of a ground screen with antennas is false: a. Impossibility of a good ground connection b. Crovision of an earth for the antenna c. P#$tecti$n $f 'e#"$nnel %$#Cin) un e#neath d. Improvement of the radiation pattern of the antenna ,. .hich one of the following terms does a. 7ood bandwidth b. Carasitic elements c. Folded dipole . Hi)h )ain 1(. 'n antenna that is currently polari*ed us the a. helical b. small circular loop c. parabolic reflector d. Gagi"0da 11. %he standard reference antenna for the directive gain is the a. infinitesimal le dipo b. i"$t#$'ic antenna c. elementary doublet d. half"wave dipole 12. %op loading is sometimes used with an antenna in order to increase its a. effecti&e hei)ht b. bandwidth c. beamwidth d. input capacitance 13. 6assegrain feed is used with a parabolic reflector to a. increase the gain of the system b. increase the beamwidth of the system c. reduce the si*e of the main reflector . all$% the fee t$ be 'lace at a c$n&enient '$int 1 . Eoning is used with a dielectric antenna in order to a. #e uce the bulC $f the len"e b. increase the bandwidth of the lens c. increase pin"point focusing d. correct the curvature of the wavefront from a horn that is too short not apply to the Gagi"0da array/

1!. ' helical antenna is used for satellite tracking because of its a. ci#cula# '$la#i2ati$n b. maneuverability c. broad bandwidth d. good front"to"back ratio 1$. %he discone antenna is a. useful direction"finding antenna b. used as a radar receiving antenna c. circularly polari*ed like other circular antennas . u"eful a" UHB #ecei&in) antenna" 1+. 1ne of the following is a. )alf"wave dipole b. L$)/'e#i$ ic c. ?iscone d. Marconi not an omnidirectional antenna2

DA6E;UIDES= RESONATORS AND COMPONENTS

1. .hen an electromagnetic waves are propagated in a waveguide a. they travel along a broader walls of the guide b. the( a#e #eflecte f#$! the %all" but $ n$t t#a&el al$n) the! c. they travel through the dielectric without touching the walls d. they travel along all four walls of the waveguide 2. .aveguides are used mainly for microwave signals because a. they depend on straight"line propagation which applies to microwaves only b. losses would be too heavy at lower fre#uencies c. there are no generators powerful enough to e&cite them at lower fre#uencies . the( %$ul be t$$ bulC( at l$%e# f#e0uencie" 3. %he wavelength of a wave in a waveguide a. i" )#eate# than $f f#ee "'ace b. depends only on the waveguide dimensions and the free"space wavelength c. is inversely proportional to the phase velocity d. is directly propotional to the group velocity . %he main difference between the operation of transmission lines and waveguides is that a. the latter are not distributed, like transmission lines b. the former can use stubs and #uarter"wave transformers, unlike the latter c. t#an"!i""i$n line" u"e the '#inci'al !$ e $f '#$'a)ati$n= an the#ef$#e $ n$t "uffe# f#$! l$%/f#e0uenc( cut/$ff d. terms such as impedance matching and standing-wave ratio applied to waveguides !. 6ompared with e#uivalent transmission lines, 3"7)* waveguides =indicate false statement> a. are less lossy b. can r powers carry highe c. a#e le"" bulC( d. have lower attenuation

cannot be

$. .hen a particular mode is e&cited in a waveguide, three appears an e&tra electric component, in the direction of propagation. %he resulting mode is a. transverse"electric b. t#an"&e#"e/!a)netic c. longitudinal d. transverse"electromagnetic +. .hen electromagnetic waves are reflected at an angle from a wall, their wavelength along the wall is a. the same as in free space b. the same as the wavelength perpendicular to the wall c. shortened because of ?oppler effect . )#eate# than in the actual i#ecti$n $f '#$'a)ati$n -. 's a result of reflections from a plane conducting wall, electromagnetic waves ac#uire an apparent velocity greater than the velocity of light in space. %his is called the a. velocity of propagation b. normal velocity c. group velocity . 'ha"e &el$cit( ,. Indicate the false statement. .hen the free space wavelength of a signal e#uals the cut"off wavelength of the guide a. the group velocity of the signal becomes *ero b. the phase velocity of the signal becomes infinite c. the cha#acte#i"tic i!'e ance $f the )ui e bec$!e" infinite d. the wavelength within the waveguide becomes infinite 1(. ' signal propagation in a waveguide has a full wave of electric intensity change between the two further walls, and no component of the electric field in the direction of propagation. %he mode is a. %3 1,1 b. %3 1,( c. %M 2,2 . TE 4=. 11. %he dominant mode of propagation is preferred with rectangular waveguides because =indicate false statement> a. it leads to the smallest waveguide dimensions b. the #e"ultin) i!'e ance can be !atche i#ectl( t$ c$a*ial line" c. it is easier than the other modes d. propagation of it without any spurious generation can be ensured

12. ' choke flange may be used to couple two waveguides a. to help in the alignment of the waveguides b. because it is simpler than any other Boin c. t$ c$!'en"ate f$# i"c$ntinuitie" at the 5$in d. to increase the bandwidth of the system 13. In order to couple two generators to a waveguide system without coupling them to each other, on could not use a a. at"race r b. E/'lane T c. hybrid ring d. magic % 1 . .hich of the following waveguides tuning components is adBustable/ a. 5crew b. 5tub c. I#i" d. Clunger 1!. ' piston attenuator is a a. vane attenuator b. %a&e)ui e bel$% cut$ff c. mode filter d. flap attenuator 1$. 6ylindrical cavity resonators are not used with klystrons because they have a. a Qthat is too low b. a shape whose resonant fre#uency is too difficult to calculate c. ha#!$nicall( #elate #e"$nant f#e0uencie" d. too heavy losses 1+. ' directional coupler with three or more holes is sometimes used in preference to the two"hole coupler a. because it is more efficient b. to increase coupling of the signal c. to reduce spurious mode generation . t$ inc#ea"e the ban %i th $f the "("te! 1-. ' ferrite is a. a n$nc$n ucti&e %ith !a)netic '#$'e#tie" b. an intemetallic compound with particularly good conductivity c. an insulator which heavily attenuates magnetic fields d. a microwave semiconductor invented by Faraday not easily

1,. Manganese ferrite may be used as a =indicate a. circulator b. isolato r c. )a#net d. phase shifter 2(. %he ma&imum power that may be handled by a ferrite component is limited by the a. Cu#ie te!'e#atu#e b. 5aturation magneti*ation c. line width d. gyromagnetic resonance 21. ' CI4 diode is a. a metal semiconductor point"contact diode b. a microwave mi&er diode c. often used as a microwave detector . "uitable f$# u"e a" a !ic#$%a&e "%itch 22. ' duple&er is used

false

answer>

a. to couple two different antennas to a transmitter without mutual interference b. t$ all$% the $ne antenna t$ be u"e f$# #ece'ti$n $# #et#an"!i""i$n %ith$ut !utual inte#fe#ence c. to prevent interference between two antennas when they are connected to a receiver d. to increase the speed of the pulses in pulses in pulsed radar 23. For some applications, circular waveguides may be preferred to rectangular ones because of a. the section smaller needed cross at any fre#uency b. l$%e# attenuati$n c. freedom from spurious modes d. rotation of polari*ation 2 . Indicate which of the following cannot be followed by the word HwaveguideI2 a. 3lliptical b. Fle&ible c. C$a*ial d. 8idged

2!. In order to reduce cross"sectional dimensions, the waveguide to use is a. circular b. #i )e c. rectangular d. fle&ible 2$. For low attenuation, the best transmission medium is a. fle&ible waveguide b. ridged waveguide c. #ectan)ula# %a&e)ui e d. coa&ial line

MICRODA6E TU1ES AND CIRCUITS

1. ' microwave tube amplifier uses an a&ial magnetic field and a radial electric field. %his is the a. refle& klystron b. coa&ial magnetron c. traveling"wave magnetron . CBA 2. 1ne of the following is unlikely to be used as a pulsed device. It is the a. multicavity klystron b. 1DO c. 6F' d. %.% 3. 1ne of the reasons why vacuum tubes eventually fail at microwave fre#uencies is that their a. n$i"e fi)u#e inc#ea"e" b. transit time becomes too short c. shunt capactitive reactances become too large d. series inductive reactances become too small . Indicate the reduced if false statement. %ransit time in microwave tubes will be

a. the electrodes are brought closer together b. a higher anode current is used c. !ulti'le $# c$a*ial lea " a#e u"e d. the anode voltage is made larger !. %he multicavity klystron a. i" n$t a )$$ l$%/le&el a!'lifie# becau"e $f n$i"e b. has a higher repeller voltage to ensure a rapid transit time c. is not suitable for pulsed operation d. needs a long transit time through the buncher cavity to ensure current modulation $. Indicate the cavities to false statement. Jlystron amplifiers may use intermediate

a. '#e&ent the $"cillati$n" that $ccu# in t%$/ca&it( Cl("t#$n" b. increase the bandwidth of the device c. improve the power gain d. increase the efficiency of the klystron

+. %he %.% is sometimes preferred to the multicavity klystron amplifier, because it a. is more efficient b. ha" a )#eate# ban %i th c. has a higher number of modes d. produces a higher output power -. %he transit time in the repeller space of a refle& klystron must be cycles to ensure that a. electrons are accelerated by the gap voltage on their return b. #etu#nin) elect#$n" )i&e ene#)( t$ the )a' $"cillati$n" c. it is e#ual to the period of the cavity oscillations d. the repeller is not damaged by striking electrons ,. %he cavity magnetron uses strapping to a. '#e&ent !$ e 5u!'in) b. prevent cathode back"heating c. ensure bunching d. improve the phase"focusing effect 1(. ' magnetic field is used in the cavity magnetron to a. prevent anode current in the absence of oscillation b. ensure that the oscillations are pulsed c. help in focusing the electron beam, thus preventing spre . en"u#e that the elect#$n" %ill $#bit a#$un the cath$ e 11. %o avoid difficulties with strapping at high fre#uencies, the type of cavity structure used in the magnetron is th a. hole"and"slot b. slot c. vane . #i"in) "un 12. %he primary purpose of the heli& in a traveling"wave tube is to a. prevent the electron beam from spreading in the long tube b. #e uce the a*ial &el$cit( $f the RB fiel c. ensure broadband operation d. reduce the noise figure 13. %he attenuator is used in the traveling"wave tube to a. help bunching b. '#e&ent $"cillati$n" c. prevent saturation d. increase gain n K

ading

1 . Ceriodic permanent"magnet focusing is used with %.%s to a. allow pulsed operation b. improve electron bunching c. a&$i the bulC $f an elect#$!a)net d. allow coupled"cavity operation at the highest fre#uencies 1!. %he %.% is sometimes preferred to the magnetron as a radar transmitter output tube because it is a. ca'able $f a l$n)e# ut( c(cle b. a more efficient bandwidth c. more broadband d. less noisy 1$. ' magnetron whose oscillating fre#uency is electronically adBustable over a wide range is called a a. coa&ial magnetron b. dither"tuned magnetron c. fre# uency"agile magnetron . 6TM 1+. Indicate which of the following is a. Pe#i$ ic/'e#!anent !a)net b. 6oupled cavity c. )eli& d. 8ing"bar 1-. %he glass tube of a %.% may be coated with a#uadag to a. help focusing b. '#$&i e attenuati$n c. improve bunching d. increase gain 1,. ' backward"wave oscillator is based on the a. rising"sun magnetron b. crossed"field amplifier c. coa&ial magnetron . t#a&elin)/%a&e tube not a %.% slow"wave structure2

SEMICONDUCTOR MICRODA6E DE6ICES AND CIRCUITS

1. ' parametric amplifier must be cooled a. because parametric amplification generates a lot of heat b. to increase bandwidth c. because it cannot operate at room temperature . t$ i!'#$&e the n$i"e 'e#f$#!ance 2. ' ruby maser amplifier must be cooled a. because maser amplification generates a lot of heat b. to increase bandwidth c. becau"e it cann$t $'e#ate at #$$! te!'e#atu#e d. to improve the noise performance 3. ' disadvantage of microstrip compared with stripline is that microstrip a. does not readily lend itself to printed circuit techni#ues b. i" !$#e liCel( t$ #a iate c. is bulkier d. is more e&pensive and comple& to manufacture . %he transmission system using two ground plane is a. microstrip b. elliptical waveguide c. parallel"wire line . "t#i'line !. Indicate the is its false statement. 'n advantage of stripline over wveguide

a. smaller bulk b. greater bandwidth c. hi)he# '$%e#/han lin) ca'abilit( d. greater compatibility with solid"state devices $. Indicate the is its false statement. 'n advantage of stripline over microstrip

a. ea"ie# inte)#ati$n %ith "e!ic$n uct$# e&ice" b. lower tendency to radiate c. higher isolation between adBacent circuits d. higher L +. 5urface acoustics waves propagate in a. gallium arsenide b. indium phosphide c. stripline . 0ua#t2 c#("tal

-. 5'. devices may be used as a. t#an"!i""i$n !e ia liCe "t#i'line b. filters c. 0)F amplifiers d. 1scillators at millimeter fre#uencies ,. Indicate the false statement. F3%s are preferred to bipolar transistors at the highest fre#uencies because they a. are less noisy b. len the!"el&e" !$#e ea"il( t$ inte)#ati$n c. are capable of higher effeciencies d. can provide higher gains 1(. For best low"level noise performance in the M"band, an amplifier should use a. a bipolar transistor b. a 7unn diode c. a "te'/#ec$&e#( i$ e d. an IMC'%% diode 11. %he biggest advantage of the %8'C'%% diode over the IMC'%% diode is its a. lower noise b. hi)he# efficienc( c. ability to operator at higher fre#uencies d. lesser sensitivity to harmonics 12. Indicate which of the following diodes will produce the highest pulsed power output2 a. 9arator b. 7unn c. 5chottky barrier . RIMPATT 13. Indicate which of the following diodes does not use negative resistnace in its operation2 a. 1acC%a# b. 7unn c. IMC'%% d. %unnel

1 . 1ne of the following is a. 6rystal diode b. 5chottky"barrier diode c. <ackward diode . PIN i$ e

not used as a microwave mi&er or detector2

1!. 1ne of the following microwave diodes is suitable for very low"power oscillators only2 a. Tunnel b. avalanche c. 7unn d. IMC'%% 1$. %he transferred"electron bulk effect occurs in a. germanium b. )alliu! a#"eni e c. silicon d. metal semiconductor Bunctions 1+. %he gain"bandwidth fre#uency of a microwave transistor, fre#uency at which the a. alpha of the transistor falls by 3 d< b. beta of the transistor falls by 3 d< c. power gain of the transistor falls to . beta $f the t#an"i"t$# fall" t$ unit( f " ! is the

unity

1-. For a microwave transistor to operate at the highest fre#uencies, the =indicate the false answer> a. collector voltage must be large b. collector current must be high c. base should be thin . e!itte# a#ea !u"t be la#)e 1,. ' varactor diode may be useful at microwave fre#uencies =indicate the false answer> a. for electronic tuning b. for tiplication fre#uency mul c. a" an $"cillat$# d. as a parametric amplifier

2(. If high"order fre#uency multiplication is re#uired from a diode multiplier, a. the resistive cutoff fre#uency must be high b. a small value of the base resistance is re#uired c. a "te'/#ec$&e#( i$ e !u"t be u"e d. a large range of capacitance variation is needed 21. ' parametric amplifier has an input and output fre#uency of 2.2! 7)*, and is pumped at .! 7)*. It is a. traveling"wave amplifier b. e)ene#ati&e a!'lifie# c. lower"sideband up"converter d. upper"sideband up"converter 22. ' nondegenerate parametric amplifier has an input fre#uency pump fre#uency f p . %hen idler fre#uency is a. f i b. 2 f i c. f i N f p . fp / fi 23. %raveling"wave parametric amplifiers are used to a. provide a greater gain b. reduce the number of varactor diodes re#uired c. avoid the need for cooling . '#$&i e )#eate# ban %i th 2 . ' parametric amplifier sometimes uses a circulator to a. '#e&ent n$i"e fee bacC b. allow the antenna to be used simultaneously for transmission and reception c. separate the signal and idler fre#uencies d. permit more efficient pumping 2!. %he nondegenerate one"port parametric amplifier should have a high ratio of pump to signal fre#uency because this a. permits fre#uency satisfactory operationhigh" b. (iel " a l$% n$i"e fi)u#e c. reduce the pump power re#uired d. permits satisfactory f i and a

2$. %he tunnel diode a. has a tiny hole through its center to facilitate tunneling b. is a point"contact diode with a very high reverse resi c. u"e" a hi)h $'in) le&el t$ '#$&i e a na##$% 5uncti$n d. works by #uantum tunneling e&hibited by gallium arsenide only 2+. ' tunnel diode is loosely coupled to its cavity in order to a. inc#ea"e the f#e0uenc( "tabilit( b. increase the available negative resistance c. facilitate tuning d. allow operation at the highest fre#uencies 2-. %he negative resistance in a tunnel diode a. is ma&imum at the peak point of the characteristic b. i" a&ailable bet%een the 'eaC an &alle( '$int" c. is ma&imum at the valley point d. may be improved by the use of reverse bias 2,. %he biggest advantage of gallium antimonide over germanium for tunnel" diode use it that former has a a. lower noise b. higher ion mobility c. la#)e# &$lta)e "%in) d. simpler fabrication process 3(. 4egative resistance is obtained with a 7unn diode because of a. elect#$n t#an"fe# t$ a le"" !$bile ene#)( le&el b. avalanche breakdown with the high voltage gradient c. tunneling across the Bunction d. electron domains forming at the Bunction 31. For 7unn diodes, gallium arsenide is preferred to silicon because the former a. ha" a "uitable e!'t( ene#)( ban = %hich "ilic$n $e" n$t ha&e b. has a higher ion mobility c. has a lower noise at the highest fre#uencies d. is capable of handling higher power densities 32. %he biggest disadvantage of the IMC'%% diode is its a. lower efficiency than that of the other microwave diodes b. hi)h n$i"e c. inability to provide pulsed operation d. low power"handling ability stance

33. %he magnetic field is used with a ruby maser to a. provide sharp focusing for the electron beam b. increase the population inversion c. allow room"temperature operation . '#$&i e f#e0uenc( a 5u"t!ent" 3 . %he ruby maser has been preferred to the ammonia maser for microwave amplification, because the former has a. a !uch )#eate# ban %i th b. a better fre#uency stability c. a lower noise figure d. no need for a circulator 3!. Carametric amplifiers and masers are similar to each other in that both =indicate false statement> a. must have pumping b. are e&tremely low"noise amplifiers c. !u"t be c$$le $%n t$ a fe% Cel&in" d. generally re#uired cicultators, since they are one"port devices 3$. ' maser 8F amplifier is not really suitable for a. radioastronomy b. satellite communications c. #a a# d. troposcatter receiver 3+. %he ruby laser differs from the ruby maser in that the former a. does not re#uire pumping b. needs no resonator c. i" an $"cillat$# d. produces much lower powers 3-. %he output from a laser is monochromatic; this means that it is a. infrared b. polari*ed c. narrow"beam . "in)le/f#e0uenc( 3,. For a given average power, the be increased by a. using cooling b. u"in) Q"'$ilin) c. increasing the magnetic field d. dispensing with the Fabry"Cerot resonator pea# output power of a ruby laser may

(. 6ommunications lasers are used with optical fiber, rather than in open links, to a. ensure that the beam does not spr b. '#e&ent at!$"'he#ic inte#fe#ence c. prevent interference by other laser d. ensure that people are not blinded by them 1. Indicate the over :3?s include false ead

statement. %he advantages of semiconductor lasers

a. monochromatic output b. higher power output c. l$%e# c$"t d. ability to be pulsed at higher rates

DI;ITAL COMMUNICATIONS
1. ?igital signals a. do not provide a continuous set of values b. represent values as discrete steps c. can al or utili*e binary decim systems . all $f the ab$&e 2. %he event which marked the start of the modern computer age was a. design of the 34I'6 computer b. development of the )ollerith code c. e&el$'!ent $f the t#an"i"t$# d. development of disk drives for data storage 3. %he baud rate a. is always e#ual to the bit transfer rate b. i" e0ual t$ t%ice the ban %i th $f an i eal channel c. is not e#ual to the signaling rate d. is e#ual to one"half the bandwidth of an ideal channel . %he 5hannon")artley law a. refers to distortion b. defines bandwidth c. describes signaling rates . #efe#" t$ n$i"e !. %he code which provides for parity checks is a. <audot b. ASCII c. 3<6?I6 d. 66I%%"2 $. ' forward error"correcting code corrects errors by a. re#uiring partial retransmission of the signal b. re#uiring retransmission of the entire signal c. #e0ui#in) n$ 'a#t $f the "i)nal t$ be #et#an"!itte d. using parity to correct the errors in all cases +. Full duple& operation a. re#uires two pairs of cables b. can transfer data in both directions at once c. re#uires t both ends modems of theacircuit . all $f the ab$&e

-. %he 85"232 interface a. inte#c$nnect" ata "et" an t#an"!i""i$n ci#cuit b. uses several different connectors c. permits custom wiring of signal lines to the connector pins as desired d. all of the above ,. 5witching systems a. improve the efficiency of data transfer b. are not used in data systems c. re#uire additional lines . a#e li!ite t$ "!all ata net%$#C" 1(. %he data transmission rate of a modem is measured in a. bytes per second b. baud rate c. bit" 'e# "ec$n d. megahert*

1ROAD1AND CUMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS

1. <roadband long"distance communications were made possible by the advent of a. telegraph cables b. #e'eate# a!'lifie#" c. )F radi d. 7eostationary satellites 2. ' scheme in which several channels are interleaved and then transmitted together is known as a. f#e0uenc(/ i&i"i$n !ulti'le* b. time"division multiple& c. a group d. a supergroup 3. ' basic group $

a. $ccu'ie" the f#e0uenc( #an)e f#$! 7. t$ ,.- CH2 b. consists of erect channels only c. is formed at the group translating e#uipment d. consists of five supergroups . %ime"division multiple& a. can be used with C6M only b. combines five groups into a supergroup c. stacks 2 channels in adBacent fre#uency slots . inte#lea&e" 'ul"e" bel$n)in) t$ iffe#ent t#an"!i""i$n" !. %he number of repeaters along a coa&ial cable link depends on a. whether separate tubes are used for the two directions of transmission b. the ban %i th $f the "("te! c. the number of coa&ial cables in the tube d. the separation of the e#uali*ers $. ' supergroup pilot is a. applied at each multiple&ing bay b. used to regulate the gain of individual repeaters c. applied at each adBustable e#uali*er . fe in at a ;TE

+. Microwave link repeaters are typically !( km apart a. because of atmospheric attenuation b. because of output tube power limi tations c. becau"e $f the Ea#th3" cu#&atu#e d. to ensure that the applied dc voltage is not e&cessive -. Microwave links are generally preferred to coa&ial cable for television transmission because a. the( ha&e le"" $&e#all 'ha"e i"t$#ti$n b. they are cheaper c. of their greater bandwidths d. of their relative immunity to impulse noise ,. 'rmored submarine cable is used a. to protect the cable at great depths b. to prevent inadvertent ploughing"in of the cable c. f$# the "hall$% "h$#e en " $f the cable d. to prevent insulation breakdown from the high feed voltages 1(. ' submarine cable repeater contains, among other e#uipment, a. a dc power supply and regulator b. filte#" f$# the t%$ i#ecti$n" $f t#an"!i""i$n c. multiple&ing and demultiple&ing e#uipment d. pilot inBected pilot e&tract e#uipment 11. ' geostationary satellite a. is motionless in space =e&cept for its spin> b. i" n$t #eall( "tati$na#( at all= but $#bit" the Ea#th %ithin a 44/h# 'e#i$ c. appears stationary over the 3arthAs magnetic pole d. is located at a height of 3!,-(( km to ensure global coverage 12. Indicate the correct statement regarding satellite communications. a. If two earth stations do not face a common satellite, they should communicate via a double"satellite hop. b. 5atellites are allocated so that it is impossible for two earth stations not to face the same satellite c. 6ollocated earth stations are used for fre#uency diversity . A "atellite ea#th "tati$n !u"t ha&e a" !an( #ecei&e chain" a" the#e a#e ca##ie#" t#an"!itte t$ it

13. 5atellite used for intercontinental communications are known as a. 6omsat b. ?omsat c. Marisat . Intel"at 1 . Identical telephone numbers in different parts of a country are distinguished by their a. language digits b. access digits c. a#ea c$ e" d. central office codes 1!. %elephone traffic is measured a. with echo cancellers b. by the relative congestion c. in terms of the grade of service . in e#lan)" 1$. In order to separate channels in a use a. AND )ate" b. bandpass filters c. differentiation d. integration 1+. %o separate channels in an F?M receiver, it is necessary to use a. AND )ate" b. bandpass filters c. differentiation d. integration 1-. )igher order %?M levels are obtained by a. i&i in) 'ul"e %i th" b. using the a"law c. using the O"law d. forming supermastergroups 1,. :osses in optical fibers can be caused by =indicate the statement> a. impurities b. microbending c. attenuation in the glass . "te''e in e* $'e#ati$n false "D% receiver, it is necessary to

2(. %he 1.!! Om HwindowI is not yet in use with fiber optic systems because a. the attenuation is higher than at (.-! Om b. the attenuation is higher that at 1.3 Om c. suitable laser devices have not . it $e" n$t len it"elf t$ %a&e 21. Indicate which of the following is a. %'%"+ b. INTELSAT 6 c. '%:'4%I5 d. 6'4%'% 2 22. Indicate which of the following is an 'merican domsat system a. INTELSAT b. COMSAT c. %3:5%'8 . INMARSAT

yet been developed not a submarine cable

RADAR SYSTEMS
1. If the peak transmitted power in a radar system is increased by a factor of 1$, the ma&imum range will be increased by a factor a. 4 b. c. d. 1$ 2. If the antenna diameter in a radar system is increased by a factor of , the ma&imum range will be increased by a factor of a. v2 b. 2 c. 4 d. 3. If the ratio of the antenna diameter to the wavelength in a radar system is high this will result in =indicate the a. large ma&imum range b. good target discrimination c. difficult target ac#uisition . inc#ea"e ca'tu#e a#ea . %he radar cross section of a target =indicate the a. depends on the fre#uency used b. may be reduced by special coating of the target c. depends on the aspect of a target, if this nonspherical . i" e0ual t$ the actual c#$""/"ecti$nal a#ea f$# "!all ta#)et" !. Flat"topped rectangular pulses must be transmitted in radar to =indicate the false statement> a. allow a good minimum range b. !aCe the #etu#ne ech$e" ea"ie# t$ i"tin)ui"h f#$! n$i"e c. prevent fre#uency changes in the magnetron d. allow accurate range measurements $. ' high C8F will =indicate the false statement> false statement> false statement>

a. make the returned echoes easier to distinguish from noise b. make target tracking easier with conical scanning c. inc#ea"e the !a*i!u! #an)e d. have no effect on the range resolution

+. %he IF bandwidth of a radar receiver is inversely proportional to the a. 'ul"e %i th b. pulse repetition fre#uency c. pulse interval d. s#uare root of the peak transmitted power -. If a return echo arrives after the allocated pulse interval, a. it will interfere with the operation of the transmitter b. the receiver might be overloaded c. it will not be received . the ta#)et %ill a''ea# cl$"e# than it #eall( i" ,. 'fter a target has been ac#uired, the best scanning system for tracking is a. nodding b. spiral c. c$nical d. helical 1(. If the target cross section is changing, the best system for accurate tracking is a. lobe switching b. se#uential lobing c. conical anning sc . !$n$'ul"e 11. %he biggest disadvantage of 6. ?oppler radar is that a. it does not give the target veloci b. it $e" n$t )i&e the ta#)et #an)e c. a transponder is re#uired at the target d. it does not give the target position 12. %he ' scope displays a. the target position and range b. the ta#)et #an)e= but n$t '$"iti$n c. the target position, but not range d. neither range nor position, but not only velocity 13. %he ?oppler effect is used in =indicate the a. !$&in)/ta#)et 'l$ttin) $n the PPI b. the M%I system c. FM radar d. 6. radar false statement> ty

1 . %he

coho in M%I radar operates at the

a. inte#!e iate f#e0uenc( b. transmitted fre#uency c. received fre#uency d. pulse repetition fre#uency 1!. %he function of the #uart* delay line in an M%I radar is to a. hel' in "ubt#actin) a c$!'lete "can f#$! the '#e&i$u" "can b. match the phase of the coho and the stalo c. match the phase of the coho and the output oscillator d. delay a sweep so that the ne&t sweep can be subtracted from it 1$. ' solution to the Hblind speedI problem is a. to change the ?oppler fre#uency b. t$ &a#( the PRB c. to use monopulse d. to use M%I 1+. Indicate which one of the following applications or advantages of radar beacons is false: a. %arget identification b. 4avigation c. 9ery significant e&tension of the ma&imum range . M$#e accu#ate t#acCin) $f ene!( ta#)et" 1-. 6ompared with other types of radar, phased array radar has the following advantages =indicate the false statement> a. very fast scanning b. ability to track and scan simultaneously c. ci#cuit "i!'licit( d. ability to track many targets simultaneously

PULSE COMMUNICATIONS
1. Indicate which of the following is a. M$#"e b. <audot c. 66I%%"2 d. '8L 2. %o permit the selection of 1 out of 1$ e#ui"probable events, the number of bits re#uired is a. 2 b. log c. .4 1$ not a binary code

1(

3. ' signaling system in which each letter of the alphabet is represented by a different symbol is not used because a. it would be too difficult for an operator to memori*e b. it is redundant c. n$i"e %$ul int#$ uce t$$ !an( e##$#" d. too many pulses per letter are re#uired . %he )artley states that a. the !a*i!u! #ate $f inf$#!ati$n t#an"!i""i$n e'en " $n the channel ban %i th b. the ma&imum rate of information transmission depends on the depth of modulation c. redundancy is essential d. only binary codes may be used !. Indicate the false statement. In order to combat noise,

a. the channel ban %i th !a( be inc#ea"e b. redundancy may be used c. the transmitted power may be increased d. the signaling rate may be reduced $. %he most common modulation system used for telegraphy is a. f#e0uenc(/"hift Ce(in) b. two"tone modulation c. pulse"code modulation d. single"tone modulation

+. Culse"width modulation system used for telegraphy is a. by differentiating pulse"position modulation b. %ith a !$n$"table c. by integrating the signal d. with a free"running multivibrator -. Indicate which of the following system is digital. a. Culse"position modulation b. Pul"e/c$ e !$ ulati$n c. Culse"width modulation d. Culse"fre#uency modulation ,. Luanti*ing noise occurs in a. time"division multiple& b. fre#uency tiple& division mul c. 'ul"e/c$ e !$ ulati$n d. pulse"width modulation 1(. %he modulation system inherently most noise"resistant is a. 55<, suppressed"carrier b. Fre#uency modulation c. pulse"position ion modulat . 'ul"e/c$ e !$ ulati$n 11. In order to reduce #uanti*ing noise, one must a. inc#ea"e the nu!be# $f "tan a# a!'litu e" b. send pulses whose sides are more nearly vertical c. use an 8F amplifier in the receiver d. increase the number of samples per second 12. %he )artley"5hannon theorem sets a limit on the a. highest fre#uency that may be sent over a given channel b. !a*i!u! ca'acit( $f a channel %ith a )i&en n$i"e le&el c. ma&imum number of coding levels in a channel with a given noise level d. ma&imum number of #uanti*ing levels in a channel of a given bandwidth 13. Indicate which of the following pulse modulation systems is analog a. C6M b. ?ifferential C6M c. PDM d. ?elta

1 . 6ompanding is used a. to overcome #uanti*ing noise in C6M b. in C6M transmitters, to allow amplitude limited in the rece c. t$ '#$tect "!all "i)nal" in PCM f#$! 0uanti2in) i"t$#ti$n d. in C6M receivers, to overcome impulse noise 1!. %he biggest disadvantage of C6M is a. its inability to handle analog signals b. the high error rate which its #uanti*ing noise introduces c. its incompatibility with %?M . the la#)e ban %i th" that a#e #e0ui#e f$# it ivers

TELE6ISION BUNDAMENTALS
1. %he number of lines per field in the 0nited 5tates %9 system is a. 474E b. !2! c. 3( d. $( 2. %he number of frames per second in the 0nited 5tates %9 system is a. $( b. 2$2P c. .! d. :. 3. %he number of lines per second in the 0nited 5tates %9 system is a. 31,!(( b. ,8=F8. c. 2$2P d. !2! . %he channel width in the 0nited 5tates %9 system, in M)*, is a. 1.2! b. 7 c. .! d. 3.!!. Interlacing is used in television to a. produce the illusion of motion b. ensure that all the lines on the screen are scanned, not merely the alternate ones c. simplify the vertical sync pulse train . a&$i flicCe# $. %he signals sent by the %9 transmitter to ensure correct scanning in the receiver are called a. "(nc b. chroma c. luminance d. video

+. In the 0nited 5tates color television system, the fre#uency, in M)*, is a. 3.!b. 3.!+, ! c. 4.8 d. !.+! -. Indicate which voltages are monochrome receiver video detector. a. 5ync b. 9ideo c. S%ee' d. 5ound ,. %he carrier transmitted 1.2! M)* above the bottom fre#uency in the 0nited 5tates %9 channel is the a. sound carrier b. chroma carrier c. intercarrier . 'ictu#e ca##ie# 1(. In television, 23 represents the a. interlace ratio b. ma&imum ontal deflection hori* c. a"'ect #ati$ d. ratio of the two diagonals 11. 3#uali*ing pulses in %9 are sent during a. hori*ontal blanking b. &e#tical blanCin) c. the serrations d. the hori*ontal retrace 12. 'n odd number of lines per frame forms part of every one of the worldAs %9 systems. %his is a. $ne t$ a""i"t inte#lace b. purely an accident c. to ensure that line and frame fre#uencies can be obtained from the same original source d. done to minimi*e interference with the chroma subcarrier not

intercarrier

found in the output of a normal

13. %he function of the

serrations

in the composite video waveform is to

a. e#uali*e the charge in the integrator before the start of vertical retrace b. help vertical synchroni*ation c. hel' h$#i2$ntal "(nch#$ni2ati$n d. simplify the generation of the vertical sync pulse 1 . %he width of the vertical sync pulse in the 0nited 5tates %9 system is a. 2 1 & b. : H c. & d. (.! & 1!. Indicate which of the following fre#uencies will output of a normal %9 receiver tuner2 a. 4.8 MH2 b. 1.2! M)* c. !.+! M)* d. 2.1+ M)* 1$. %he video voltage applied to the picture tube of a television receiver is fed in a. between grid and ground b. to the yoke c. to the anode . bet%een )#i an cath$ e 1+. %he circuit that separates sync pulses from the composite video waveform is a. the keyed '76 amplifier b. a cli''e# c. an integrator d. a differentiator 1-. %he output of the vertical amplifier, applied to the yoke in a %9 receiver, consists of a. direct current b. amplified vertical sync c. a sawtooth voltage . a "a%t$$th cu##ent not be found in the

1,. %he )9 anode supply for the picture tube of a %9 receiver is generated in the a. mains transformer b. vertical output stage c. h$#i2$ntal $ut'ut "ta)e d. hori*ontal deflection oscillator 2(. 'nother name for the hori*ontal retrace in a %9 receiver is the a. ringing b. burst c. damper . fl(bacC 21. Indicate which of the following signals is %92 a' b' c. d' 22. %he ( Q R I shadow mas# in a color picture tube is used to not transmitted in color

a. reduce &"ray emission b. en"u#e that each bea! hit" $nl( it" $%n $t" c. increase screen brightness d. provide degaussing for the screen 23. In a %9 receiver, the color #iller

a. c ut" $ff the ch#$!a "ta)e" u#in) !$n$ch#$!e #ece'ti$n b. ensures that no color is transmitted to monochrome receivers c. prevents color overloading d. makes sure that the color burst is not mistaken for sync pulses, by cutting off reception during the back porch

INTRODUCTION TO BI1ER OPTIC TECHNOLO;Y

1. .hat is the fre#uency limit of copper wire/ a. appro&imately (.! M)* b. a''#$*i!atel( ,.. MH2 c. appro&imately ( 7)* d. 4one of the above 2. 'ppro&imately what is the fre#uency limit of the optical fiber/ a. 2( 7)* b. 1 M)* c. 1(( M)* d. ( M)* 3. ' single fiber can handle as many voice channel as a. a pair of copper conductors b. a ,8../'ai# cable c. a !(("pair cable d. a 1((("pair cable . 'n incident ray can be defined as a. a light ray reflected from a flat surface b. a li)ht #a( i#ecte t$%a# a "u#face c. a diffused light ray d. a light ray that happens periodically !. %he term dispersion describes the process of

a. "e'a#atin) li)ht int$ it" c$!'$nent f#e0uencie" b. reflecting light from a smooth surface c. the process by which light is absorbed by an uneven rough surface d. light scattering $. .hich of the following terms describes the reason that light is refracted at different angles/ a. Choton energy changes with wavelength b. :ight is refracted as a function of surface smoothness c. %he angle is determined partly by a and . The an)le i" ete#!ine b( the in e* $f the !ate#ial"

+. %he term critical angle describes a. the point at which light is refracted b. the point at which light becomes invisible c. the '$int at %hich li)ht ha" )$ne f#$! the #ef#acti&e !$ e t$ the #eflecti&e !$ e d. the point at which light has crossed the boundary layers from one inde& to another -. %he cladding which surrounds the fiber core a. is used to reduce optical interference b. is used to protect the fiber c. act" t$ hel' )ui e the li)ht in the c$#e d. ensures that the refractive inde& remains constant ,. %he reflective inde& number is a. a nu!be# %hich c$!'a#e" the t#an"'a#enc( $f a !ate#ial %ith that $f ai# b. a number assigned by the manufacturer to the fiber in #uestion c. a number which determines the core diameter d. a term for describing core elasticity 1(. %he terms single mode and multimode are best describes as rt

a. the number of fibers placed into a fiber"optic cable b. the number of voice channels each fiber can suppo c. the nu!be# $f %a&elen)th" each fibe# can "u''$#t d. the inde& number 11. %he higher the inde& number a. the hi)he# the "'ee $f li)ht b. the lower the speed of light c. has no effect on the speed of light d. the shorter the wavelength propagation 12. %he three maBor groups in the optical system are a. the components, the data rate and response time b. the source, the link, and the receiver c. the transmitter, the cable, and the rec . the "$u#ce= the linC= an the etect$#

eiver

13. 's light is coupled in a multipoint reflective device, the power is reduced by a. 1.! d< b. (.1 d< c. ..8 1 d. (.((1 d<

1 . .hen connector losses, splice losses, and coupler losses are added, what is the final limiting factor/ a. 5ource power b. Fiber attenuation c. 6onnector and splice losses . Detect$# "en"iti&it( 1!. %he term described as responsivit) as it applies to a light detector is best

a. the time re#uired for the signal to go from 1( to ,( percent of ma&imum amplitude b. the #ati$ $f the i$ e $ut'ut cu##ent t$ $'tical in'ut '$%e# c. the ratio of output current to output power d. the ratio of output current to input current 1$. :oss comparisons between fusion splices and mechanical splices are a. ,9,. b. 1(21 c. 2(21 d. 122( 1+. %he mechanical splice is best suited for a. #uicker installation under ideal conditions b. minimum attenuation losses c. fiel "e#&ice c$n iti$n" d. situations in which cost of e#uipment is not a factor 1-. 3M? is best describe by which statement/ a. F. 'e#cent $f the c$#e ia!ete# an F.G $f the fibe# NA "h$ul be fille %ith li)ht b. +( percent of the fiber diameter and +(Q of the cone of acceptance should be filled with light c. +( percent of input light should be measured at the output d. +( percent of the unwanted wavelengths should be attenuated by the fiber 1,. .hich of the following cables will have the highest launch power capability/ a. !(@12!@(.2 b. -!@12!@(.2+! c. $2.!@12!@(.2 +! . ,..+,4.+..:

2(. %he term

power budgeting

refers to

a. the cost of cables, connectors, e#uipment, and installation b. the loss of power due to defective components c. the t$tal '$%e# a&ailable !inu" the attenuati$n l$""e" d. the comparative costs of fiber and copper installations