MEASUREMENT SCALES!

AKASH BHANGARE M13067!

Introduction!
Measurement:! It means assigning numbers or other symbols to characteristics of objects according to certain pre-specied rules. !

! Rules should be:!

!!!

1.!Standardized! 2.!Uniformly applied! 3.!Not change over time!

! Description: The unique labels /

Scale Characteristics:!
descriptors used to designate each value of the scale! descriptors. Denoted as < = or >! descriptors expressed in units! beginning / true zero point!

! Order: The relative sizes / positions of the ! Distance: Absolute differences between ! Origin: The scale has a unique or xed

TYPES!
! Nominal Scale! ! Ordinal Scale! ! Interval Scale! ! Ratio Scale!

Nominal Scale:!
Lowest level of measurement, scales! least matching to the real number system.!

! Differences between categories is qualitative,

not quantitative!

! No zero-point; cannot be ordered from high

to low; no assumption of equal units of measurement!

! Examples: Number on an athletes jersey,

social security number, telephone number!

Ordinal Scale:!
Measures variables in order of! magnitude!

! Property of magnitude, numbers are assigned

to categories!

! Do not indicate anything about intervals! ! Ordered Data! ! Example: Rank in class/class standing!

Interval Scale:!
Measurement conveys information! about orderings of magnitude!

! No true zero! ! Score Data! ! Examples: IQ test, Fahrenheit/Celsius scale!

Ratio Scale:!
Contains all properties of Abstract! Number Scale!

! Score Data.! ! Example: Weight, Length, etc.!

Comparison!
Nominal! Examples:! Diagnostic! categories; brand! names; political! afliation! Identity! Ordinal! Socioeconomic! class; ranks! ! Interval! IQ test scores;! personality and! attitude scales! ! Identity;! Magnitude;! Equal Intervals! ! Add; ! Subtract! Ratio! Weight; length;! reaction time;! number of! responses! ! Identity;! Magnitude;! Equal Intervals;! True Zero! ! Add; ! Subtract;! Multiply;! Divide! ! Test! T-test; ! ANOVA! Properties:! Identity;! Magnitude! !

Mathematical Operations:!

None!

Rank Order!

Type of Data:! Typical Statistics Used:!

Nominal! Chi square!

Ordered! Sign test;! Mann-! Whitney U! Test! !

Score! T-test;! ANOVA!

Example:!
Scale! Description!
Nominal
Numbers Assigned to Runners
7 8 3

Ordinal

Rank Order of Winners

Third place

Second place

First place

Interval

Performance Rating on a 0 to 10 Scale Time to Finish

8.2

9.1

9.6

Ratio

in Seconds

15.2

14.1

13.4

Thank You!