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Doctor Smith receives a phone call from physician specialist that Dr Smiths patient has a 50:50 very average chance of recovery. A stickler for correctness in the use of statistics and probability he e!pressed the chance as a valid normali"ed probability #$recovery%. &hich of the follo'ing is most likely to be the value he (uoted) A. 0.0 *. 0.+ ,. 0.5D. 0.5 .. 0./5 +. Doctor Smith receives a phone call from physician specialist that Dr Smiths patient has a very poor chance of recovery. A stickler for correctness in the use of statistics and probability he e!pressed the chance as a valid normali"ed probability #$recovery%. &hich of the follo'ing is most likely to be the value he (uoted) A. 0.0 *. 0.+ ,. 0.5D. 0.5 .. 0./5 0. 1n a group of 100 patients 20 of that 100 drink e!cessive amounts of alcoholic beverages and 30 of that 100 have cirrhosis of the liver. &hat is the largest possible number of people that drink and have cirrhosis of the liver before you actually count them) A. 20 *. 30 ,. 40 D. 00 .. +0 4. 1n a group of 100 patients 20 of that 100 drink e!cessive amounts of alcoholic beverages and 30 of that 100 have cirrhosis of the liver. &hat is the smallest possible number of people that drink and have cirrhosis of the liver before you actually count them) A. 20 *. 30 ,. 40 D. 00 .. +0 5. 1f having genomic feature type A on chromosome 0 has nothing to do 'ith having genomic feature * on chromosome 4 $i.e. they are randomly associated% 'hat is the probability of being type A and type * if the probability of being A is 0.3 and the probability of being * is 0.0)

A. *. ,. D. ..

0.1 0.12 0.03 0./ 1.2

3. 1n a sample of 1000 patients 00- have an infection of the uterus and +0- have an infection of the prostate. &hat is the most likely probability of picking out someone from that group someone 'ho has an infection of the uterus or an infection of the prostate) A. 0.1 *. 0.0 ,. 0.5 D. 0.3 .. 0.5 5. 1n a study of susceptibility to common urogenital infections in a group 'hich is believed to have reduced resistance due to genetic factors #$male%60.30 #$female%60.40 #$prostatitis% 6 0.10 #$male 'ith cystitis% 6 0.+5 #$female 'ith cystitis%6 0.00. 7o'ever in a particular laboratory test a particular biomarker appears identical both for 50% of female patients 'ith cystitis and 100% for prostatistis sufferers but is absent other'ise. &hat is the probability of such a biomarker being reported) A. 0.015 *. 0.10 ,. 0.+5 D. 0.00 .. 0.45 2. A medical anthropologist is studying a small isolated African tribe 'ith e!cessive dental problems. 7e is interested in the probability of dental disorders 'hich are not due to cro'ded mouth problems meaning a small 8a' and large teeth since the previous researcher studied that 'ell. 7e finds that the probability of having a normal healthy mouth or being born 'ith a cro'ded mouth is 0.+5. 9he probability of a normal mouth is 0.1. 9he probability of having a small 8a' in the tribe is 0.0. :eneticists tell as that having a small 8a' and having large teeth are randomly associated because the e!pression of the genes having nothing to do 'ith each other. &hat is the probability of having large teeth in the tribe) A. 0.1 *. 0.+ ,. 0.0 D. 0.5 .. 0.3

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