PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF CEILING FAN

A lab based project submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award degree of BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY in ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING By 1 K.NAGA MOUNIKA(12006177) 2 CH. PRAHARSHA(12006184) 3 P.SAHITHI(12006185) under the esteemed guidance of Mr D.RAVI KISHORE B.E M.Tech(Phd) [Associate Professor] EEE Department

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING K.L.UNIVERSITY Green Fields ,Vaddeswaram ,Tadepalli, Guntur-522 502,Andhra Pradesh,

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K.L.UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the lab based project entitled PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF CEILING FAN which is a experimental work by K.Naga Mounika (12006177), Ch.Praharsha(12006184),P.Sahithi(12006185),in partial fulfillment for the award of degree of Bachelor Of Technology in the department of Electrical And Electronics Enginnering , during the year 2013-14 .The lab base project has been approved as it satisfies the academic requirements.

Project Guide Mr.D.Ravi Kishore

Lab In Charge Mr G.Vinay Kumar Head of the department (Dr M. VenuGopala Rao)

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I express my sincere thanks and gratitude to Head of the Department ,Dr M .Venu Gopal Rao,Course coordinator Mr.B.Loveswar Rao and Lab Incharge Mr.G.Vinay Kumar for their supervision and guidance I wish to express deep sense of gratitude to our guide Mr D.Ravi Kishore for his co-operation ,encouragement and timely suggestions.

Project Associates K.NAGA MOUNIKA(12006177) CH. PRAHARSHA(12006184) P.SAHITHI(12006185)

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CONTENTS
ABSTRACT CHAPTER -1 1.1 History 1.2 Types of electric fan 1.3 Components of ceiling fan 1.4 Configuration of ceiling fan CHAPTER-2 2.1 Principle of working of ceiling fan 2.2 Operation of ceiling fan 2.3 Safety concerns with installation: 2.4 Wobbling 2.5 Efficiency of ceiling fan CHAPTER-3 Experimental Set up 3.1 Circuit Diagram 3.2 Procedure 3.3 Tabular Coloumn 3.4 Calculations CONCLUSION FUTURE SCOPE REFERENCES

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ABSTRACT

Ceiling Fans contribute significantly to residential electricity both in absolute sense and as a proportion of house hold consumption in many countries especially in countries with warm climates The objective of the analysis is to identify ceiling fan efficiency improvements and their incremental cost effectiveness of these options at different speeds and to provide approximate global and country-specific estimates of total energy savings potential of these improvements. The over aching goal is to provide relevant and appropriate information to support the design of policies and programs that will accelerate the market penetration of energy efficient ceiling fans. Power consumption is measured by Varying speed using a power regulator We introduced an energy efficient fan to the circuit and measure again the power consumed

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CHAPTER -1
Ceiling fans contribute significantly to residential electricity consumption, both in an absolute sense and as a proportion of household consumption in many locations, especially in developing countries in warm climate . A ceiling fan is a mechanical fan usually electrically powered,suspended from the ceiling of room , that uses hub-mounted rotating paddles to circulate air.

1.1 HISTORY: The first ceiling fans appeared in the early 1860s and 1870s, in the United States. At that time, they were not powered by any form of electric motor. Instead, a stream of running water was used, in conjunction with a turbine, to drive a system of belts which would turn the blades of two-blade fan units. These systems could accommodate several fan units, and so became popular in stores, restaurants, and offices. Some of these systems still survive today, and can be seen in parts of the southern United States where they originally proved useful. The electrically powered ceiling fan was invented in 1882 by Philip Diehl; he had engineered the electric motor used in the first electrically powered Singer sewing machines, and in 1882 adapted that motor for use in a ceiling-mounted fan. Each fan had its own self-contained motor unit, with no need for belt drive.He was almost immediately up against fierce competition due to the commercial success of the ceiling fan. He continued to make improvements to his invention; by creating a light kit fitted to the ceiling fan to combine both functions in one unit. By World War I most ceiling fans were made with four blades instead of the original two, which made fans quieter and allowed them to circulate more air. By the 1920s ceiling fans had become commonplace in the United States, and had started to take hold internationally. From the Great Depression of the 1930s until the 1950s ceiling fans faded out of vogue in the U.S., almost falling into total disuse in the U.S.; those which remained were considered items of nostalgia. Meanwhile, they had become very popular in other countries, particularly those with hot climates but without the infrastructure or resources for high-energy-consuming and complex air conditioning equipment. In the 1960s some East Asian manufacturers started exporting ceiling fans to the United States. They caught on slowly at first, but found great

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success during the energy crisis of the late 1970s, since ceiling fans consume far less energy than air conditioning units. Due to this renewed commercial success, many American manufacturers also started to produce, or significantly increase production of, ceiling fans. The Casablanca Fan Company was founded in 1974. Other American manufacturers of the time included the Hunter Fan Co. (which was then a division of Robbins & Myers, Inc), FASCO (F. A. Smith Co.), Emerson Electric, and Lasko; the latter two were often branded as Sears-Roebuck. During the rest of the 1970s, and through to the late 1980s, ceiling fans remained popular in the United States. Many small American manufacturers, most of them rather shortlived, started making ceiling fans. Throughout the 1980s the balance of sales between American-made ceiling fans and those imported from Asian manufacturers changed dramatically. Even the most basic U.S-made fans sold at $100 to $250, while the most expensive imported fans rarely exceeded $85. In the United States, due to the ever-decreasing cost of air conditioning, ceiling fan sales once again started to decline from the early to mid-1990s. With the reduction in sales came a reduction in research and development by U.S. manufacturers, and features were dropped to reduce costs. Since 2000 important inroads have been made by companies offering higher price ceiling fans with more decorative value. In 2001, Washington Post writer Patricia Dane Rogers wrote, Like so many other mundane household objects, these old standbys are going high-style and high-tech. Newer companies such as Minka, Fanimation, The Modern Fan Co., The Period Arts Fan Co. and Monte Carlo brought well-built fans with distinctive design to the market.

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1.2 TYPES OF ELECTRIC FAN: Many styles of ceiling fans have been developed overd the years in response to several different factors such as growing energy-consumption consciousness and changes in decorating styles. The advent and evolution of electronic technology has also played a major role in ceiling fan development. Following is a list of major ceiling fan styles and their defining characteristics: Cast Iron ceiling fans: Cast-iron ceiling fans account for almost all ceiling fans made from their invention in 1882 through the 1950s. A cast-iron housing encases a very heavy-duty oil-bath motor, usually of the shaded-pole variety. These fans must be oiled periodically, usually once or twice per year, since they use an oil-bath system for lubrication. Because these fans are so sturdily built, and due to their utter lack of electronic components, it is not uncommon to see cast-iron fans aged eighty years or more running strong and still in use today. The Hunter 'Original' (manufactured by the Hunter Fan Co., formerly a division of Robbins & Myers, Inc.) is an example of a cast-iron ceiling fan. It has enjoyed the longest production run of any fan in history, dating from 1906 to the present (it is still being manufactured as the "Classic Original", with several spin-off models). The Original employed a shaded-pole motor from its inception until the late 1980s, at which point it was changed to a permanent split-capacitor motor.

Fig no:1 Stack-motor ceiling fans: In the late 1970s, due to rising energy costs prompted by the energy crisis, Emerson invented a new style of electric motor designed specifically for ceiling fans, the "stack"

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motor. This powerful, energy-efficient motor aided in the comeback of ceiling fans in America, since it was far less expensive to operate than air conditioning. With this design (which consists of a basic stator and squirrel-cage rotor), the fan's blades mount to a central hub, known as a flywheel. The flywheel can be made of either metal or reinforced rubber, and can be mounted either flush with the fan's motor housing (concealed) or prominently below the fan's motor housing (known as a "dropped flywheel"). Many manufacturers used and/or developed their own stack motors, including (but not limited to) Casablanca, Emerson, FASCO, Hunter, and NuTone. Some manufacturers trademarked their personal incarnation of this motor: for example, Emerson came out with the "K-55" and "K-63" motors, and Casablanca with the "XLP-2000". One of the earliest stack-motor fans was the Emerson "Heat Fan", aka the "Universal" or "Blender Fan", a utilitarian fan with a dropped flywheel and blades made of fiberglass or plastic. This fan was produced from 1976 through 1983 and, while targeted at commercial settings, also found great success in residential settings. Another stack-motor fan; one without the dropped flywheel; is the Casablanca "Delta" (3speed model as compared to the "Zephyr" which is a variable-speed model) pictured at the beginning of this article. While this motor is not nearly as widely used as in the 1970s and 1980s, it can still be found in certain high-end Casablanca and Emerson fans. One disadvantage of this type of fan is that the flywheel, if it is made from rubber, will dry out and crack over time and eventually break; this is usually not dangerous, but it renders the fan inoperable until the flywheel is replaced

Fig no-2

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Direct-drive ceiling fans: Direct-drive ceiling fans employ a motor with a stationary inner core with a shell that revolves around it (commonly called a "spinner" or "pancake" motor); the blades attach to this shell. Direct-drive motors are the least expensive motors to produce, and on the whole are the most prone to failure and noise generation.[1] While the very first motors of this type (first used in the 1960s) were relatively heavy-duty, the quality of these motors has dropped significantly in recent years. This type of motor has become the standard for today's fans; it has been (and is) used in most Hampton Bay and Harbor Breeze ceiling fans, and has become commonly used by all other brands.

Spinner fans: Spinner fans employ a direct-drive motor and do not have a stationary decorative cover (motor housing). This accounts for most industrial-style fans (though such fans sometimes have more moderate-quality motors), and some inexpensive residential-style fans (particularly those made overseas).Spinner-motor fans, sometimes incorrectly referred to as "spinners", employ a direct-drive (spinner) motor and do have a stationary decorative cover (motor housing). "Spinner-motor" fans account for nearly all fans manufactured from the late 1980s to the present.

Fig no-3

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Friction-drive ceiling fans: This short-lived type of ceiling fan was attempted by companies such as Emerson and Nu Tone in the late 1970s with little success. Its advantage was its tremendously low power consumption, but the fans were unreliable and very noisy, in addition to being grievously underpowered. Friction-drive ceiling fans employ a low-torque motor that is mounted transversely in relation to the flywheel. A rubber wheel mounted on the end of the motor's shaft drove a hub (via contact friction, hence the name) which, in turn, drove the flywheel. It was a system based on the fact that a low-torque motor spinning quickly can drive a large, heavy device at a slow speed without great energy consumption. Gear-drive ceiling fans: These were similar to (and even less common than) the friction drive models; however, instead of a rubber wheel on the motor shaft using friction to turn the flywheel, a gear on the end of the motor shaft meshed with gear teeth formed into the flywheel, thus rotating it. The company "Panama" made some of the gear driven ceiling fans. Belt-driven ceiling fan: As stated earlier in this article, the first ceiling fans used a water-powered system of belts to turn the blades of fan units (which consisted of nothing more than blades mounted on a flywheel). For period-themed decor, a few companies (notably Fanimation) have created reproduction belt-drive fan systems. The reproduction systems feature an electric motor as the driving force, in place of the water-powered motor.

Fig no-4

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Fasco Fans: Fans made after 1948 will be labeled as FASCO ,or a combination of FASCO and Arctic Aire or Spartan. In 1948 F.A .Smith Mfg Co. became FASCO and this company is still in business today as the worlds largest producer of fractional horse power driven blowers. They became part of Tecumseh at the beginning of 2003 but will continue under FASCO name .Fasco ceiling fans are manufactured by Fayetteville North Carolina .The first ceiling fan them produced was called The Parlour Fan, ehich came out in 1978 and was offered in assorted brass and painted finishes ,with solid wood or plastic blades .This model used the Vari Low variable system ,which has two speed settings ,high and variable speed.

Fig no-5 Punkah style ceiling fans. These fans are based on the earliest form of a fan, which was originally cut from a palmyra leaf. A punkah fan moves slowly in a pendular manner with a rather large blade and is nowadays electrically powered. In comparison to a rotating fan it creates a gentle breeze rather than an airflow.

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1.3 COMPONENTS OF CEILING FAN The parts of the ceiling fan are shown in the below diagrams. The main parts are the following Internal Parts:

Fig no-6 External parts:

Fig no-7

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Electric motor: Single phase capacitor run and start induction motor, rated at 230 V 10 % at a frequency of 50 Hz, is generally employed in ceiling fan. This motor comprises two parts that are stator and rotor. The stator, build up of laminated silicon steel, uses two windings termed as starting and running windings located 90 degree electrical apart. The starting torque relies on sine of angle among starting winding and running winding current. Thus Capacitor is used generate needed phase shift among these current and therefore to generate high starting torque and will be connected in series with starting winding. Generally in ceiling fan, an electrolytic capacitor of 2.5 mF5% will be employed. The capacitor and starting winding will be in circuit throughout running as well and therefore enhance the power factor. Thus this motor will also termed as permanent capacitor induction motor. Rotor uses 1-phase squirrel cage winding. Blades: The blades are built up of sheet steel or aluminum sheets. Aluminum blades are much lighter than steel sheet plates and also enhance the efficiency of the fan. The ceiling fans generally comprise 3 or 4 angular blades. The four blade fan provides more air circulation compared to three blade fans. The blades are 120o mechanically apart and might be curved at an angle of 10o. Blade flanges: Blade flanges alternatively termed as blade irons, blade arms or blade holders. These are metal arms that connect the blades to the motor. Canopy/Switch Cup: There are two canopies top and bottom, built up of metal cylinder, located along suspension rod. Top canopy is mounted like that it covers the hook, nut, and bolt. Bottom canopy is mounted under and in the centre of the motor of the fan. This is employed to conceal and protect several components that can involve wires, capacitors and switches. On fans which need oiling, the bottom canopy frequently conceals the oil reservoir that lubricates the bearings.

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Ball bearing: Friction free and noise free movements of rotating parts are make sure through providing ball bearing among the rotating and stationary parts. The ceiling fan might comprise single or double ball bearings. The bearings made up of high quality steel are frequently greased with superior quality for the long life and noise free operation of it.. Suspension rod/Down rod: Suspension rod is made up of rigid galvanized steel pipe of suitable length and diameter. This metal pipe is employed to defer the fan from the ceiling. One end of the pipe is bolted or screwed at the position particularly made on the motor body to receive the suspension rod. Another end of the suspension rod is attached to 2 plates, to from a "U" shaped joint, along with the help of a nut and bolt (with extra lock nut).The "V" shaped end of the rod is additional attached with the ceiling hook along with the help of bolt and nut with extra lock nut and split pin to eliminate chances of disconnection at some stage. Speed regulator: Speed regulator is employed to control the speed of the fan. The speed of the fan can be changed by altering the applied voltage. The most general technique to change the applied voltage is By tapped field resistors By tapped series inductors.

These days thyristor based electronic type regulators mainly employed compared to above mentioned electric types.

Fig no-8

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The regulator of electronic fan is fault-free, have a long life and more efficient as compared to electrical fan regulators. The schematic diagram of a fan with resistance type regulator is displayed in the above diagram. 1.4 Configuration of ceiling fan: Commercial or industrial ceiling fans are usually used in offices, factories or industries. Commercial ceiling fans are designed to be cost effective and can save more than 75% on energy. The industrial or commercial ceiling fans usually use three blades and operate with a high-speed motor. Some can be found with more than 3 blades though. These energy efficient ceiling fans usually push massive amounts of air compared to other ceiling fan types. A Hampton Bay-branded "Carriage House" hugger ceiling fan.A hugger or low profile ceiling fan is usually installed on a low ceilings, they can also be used in rooms with vaulted ceilings when installed on the joist (picture on the right shows an example). In cold climates, a ceiling fan may disperse heat to warm up the room as well by dispersing downwards the warm air that rises to the ceiling surface. Though the ceiling fan cannot lower room temperatures, when used in tandem with a room air-conditioner it may be able to disperse the cool air all around the room.A Hampton Bay-branded "Gazebo" which is a wet rated outdoor ceiling fan. Outdoor ceiling fans are ceiling fans designed for outdoor purposes, they are usually water resistant and made of materials that do not get affected by outside temperatures, weather or humidity. Energy Star ceiling fans are manufactured under the Energy Star label. Usually energy star fans hold the distinction of being more energy efficient (50%), have lower price tags, and save a lot of money on energy savings.

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CHAPTER-2
2.1. PRINCIPLE OF WORKING OF CEILING FAN: The celing fan motor works on principle of single phase induction motor using capacitor. Ceiling fan is a Single phase Induction motor.Motor principle, whenever current carrying conductor is placed in a magnetic field-it experiences force.Stator: supplied by 1phase voltage, current will produce in the stator winding-so magnetic field.Now we have magnetic field .We need current carrying conductor Because of Induction, voltage will develop in rotor as It is a closed circuit current will produce-so current carrying conductorp laced in magnetic field .Rotor will rotate.

Working of capacitor start motor: The stator consists of the main winding and a starting winding (auxiliary). The starting winding is connected in parallel with the main winding and is placed physically at right angles to it. A 90-degree electrical phase difference between the two windings is obtained by connecting the auxiliary winding in series with a capacitor and starting switch. When the motor is first energized, the starting switch is closed. This places the capacitor in series with the auxiliary winding. The capacitor is of such value that the auxiliary circuit is effectively a resistive-capacitive circuit (referred to as capacitive reactance and expressed as XC). In this circuit the current leads the line voltage by about 45(because XC about equals R). The main winding has enough resistance-inductance (referred to as inductive reactance and expressed as XL) to cause the current to lag the line voltage by about 45 (because XL about equals R). The currents in each winding are therefore 90 out of phase so are the magnetic fields that are generated. The effect is that the two windings act like a two-phase stator and produce the rotating field required to start the motor. When nearly full speed is obtained, a centrifugal device (the starting switch) cuts out the starting winding. The motor then runs as a plain single-phase induction motor. Since the auxiliary winding is only a light winding, the motor does not develop sufficient torque to start heavy loads. Split-phase motors, therefore, come only in small sizes.

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2.2 OPERATION OF CEILING FAN:

The way in which a fan is operated depends on its manufacturer, style, and the era in which it was made. Operating methods include: Pull-chain/pull-cord control: This style of fan is equipped with a metal-bead chain or cloth cord which, when pulled, cycles the fan through the operational speed(s) and then back to off. These fans usually have three speeds. Variable-speed control During the 1970s and 1980s, fans were often produced with a variable-speed control. This was a dial mounted on the fan which, when turned in either direction, continuously varied the speed at which the blades rotatedsimilar to a dimmer switch for a light fixture. A few fans substituted a rotary click-type switch for the infinite-speed dial, providing a set number of speeds (usually five). Different fan manufacturers used the variable-speed control in different ways: The variable-speed dial controlling the fan entirely; to turn the fan on, the user turns the knob until it clicks out of the "off" position, and can then choose the fan's speed. A pull-chain present along with the variable-speed control; the dial can be set in one place and left there, with the pull-chain serving only to turn the fan on and off. Many of these fans have an option to wire the light kit to this pull-chain in order to control both the fan and the light with one chain. Using this method, the user can have either the fan or light on individually, both on, or both off. "Vari-Low": A pull-chain and variable-speed controls are present. Such a fan has two speeds controlled by a pull-chain: high (full power, independent of the position of the variable-speed control), and variable (speed determined by the position of the variable-speed control). Wall-mounted control. Some fans have their control(s) mounted the wall instead of on the fans themselves; such controls are usually proprietary and/or specialized switches.

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Digital control: With this style of control, all of the fan's functionson/off status, speed, direction of rotation, and any attached light fixturesare controlled by a computerized wall control, which typically does not require any special wiring. Instead, it uses the normal house wiring to send coded electrical pulses to the fan, which decodes and acts on them using a built-in set of electronics. This style of control typically has anywhere from three to six speeds. Chokes: This style of switch takes varying physical forms. The wall control, which contains a motor speed regulator of some sort, determines how much power is delivered to the fan and therefore how fast it spins. Older such controls employed a chokea large iron-cored coil as their regulator; these controls were typically large, boxy, and surface-mounted on the wall. They had anywhere from four to eight speeds, typically four or five. Newer versions of this type of control do not use a choke as such, but much smaller electronic circuitry; the switch is typically mounted in a standard in-wall gang box. Solid state variable speed control: These controls, commonly used on industrial fans, can control more than one (up to 15) fans with one switch. 2.5 to 6 amp controls typically mount in place of a typical wall switch, while 8 to 15 amp controls are larger.

Wireless remote control. In recent years, remote controls have dropped in price to become cost-effective for controlling ceiling fans. They may be supplied with fans, or fitted to an existing fan. The hand-held remote transmits radio frequency or infrared control signals to a receiver unit installed in the fan. 2.3 SAFETY CONCERNS WITH INSTALLATION: A typical ceiling fan weighs between 15 and 50 pounds when fully assembled. While many junction boxes can support that weight while the fan is hanging still, a fan in operation exerts many additional stresses notably torsion on the object from which it is hung; this can cause an improper junction box to fail. For this reason, in the United States the National
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Electric Code (document NFPA 70, Article 314) states that ceiling fans must be supported by an electrical junction box listed for that use. It is a common mistake for homeowners to replace a light fixture with a ceiling fan without upgrading to a proper junction box. Another concern with installing a ceiling fan relates to the height of the blades relative to the floor. Building codes throughout the United States prohibit residential ceiling fans from being mounted with the blades closer than seven feet from the floor; this often proves, however, to not be high enough. If a person fully extends his or her arms into the air as sometimes happens during normal tasks such as stretching, changing bed sheets, or recreation it is possible for the blades to strike their hands, potentially causing injury. Also, if one is wearing a tall hat, carrying a ladder, long wooden board, pipe, or some other long and awkward object, one end may inadvertently enter the path of rotation of a ceiling fan's blades, which can be dangerous and can cause damage to the fan regardless. In 2004, the Discovery Channel series Myth busters tested the myth that a ceiling fan is capable of decapitation if an unwary individual was to step headfirst into the path of the blades. Their tests proved that residential ceiling fans are, apparently by design, largely incapable of causing more than minor injury, having low-torque motors that stop quickly when blocked and blades composed of light materials that tend to break easily if impacted at speed. More powerful industrial ceiling fans with steel blades proved capable of causing injury and laceration (building codes require industrial fans to be mounted with blades 10 feet above the floor), but still lost energy rapidly once blocked and were unable to decapitate the test dummy. 2.4 WOBBLING: Wobbling is caused by the weight of fan blades being out of balance with each other. This can happen due to a variety of factors, including blades being warped, blade irons being bent, blades or blade irons not being screwed on straight, or blades being different weights or shapes or sizes (minute differences matter). Also, if all the blades do not exert an equal force on the air (because they have different angles, for instance), the vertical reaction forces can cause wobbling. Wobbling is not affected by the way in which the fan is mounted or the mounting surface. Contrary to popular misconception, wobbling will not cause a ceiling fan to fall.[6] Ceiling fans are secured by clevis pins locked with either split pins or R-clips, so wobbling won't have an effect on the fan's security. To date, there are no reports of a fan wobbling itself off the ceiling and falling. However, a severe wobble can cause light fixture shades or
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covers to gradually loosen over time and potentially fall, posing a risk of injury to anyone under the fan, and also from any resulting broken glass. It is important that, when installing the fan, the installer closely follows the manufacturer's instructions with regard to using proper mounting screws. It is also important that all screws (especially the set screws which hold twist-on downrods in place) be tight, and any ceiling fan light fixtures are properly assembled with their shades and covers securely attached. 2.5 EFFICIENCY OF CEILING FAN: The efficiency of ceiling fan is dependent on following: 1 .Motor : This is an important part of fan .It determines how much air flow it could deliver .the stronger the motor ,the more is the air flow .However ,larger motors mean larger energy consumption so you should only choose the right one for the room where you are placing it in. 2. Fan Blades: This is also an important part of fan .Without it there is no air flow .the blades stir the air around the room turning it into air flow or air current. Sucks in air from its surroundings and blows it in a single direction .The larger air blades ,the more is air flow .However larger blades need larger motors so it consumes more energy. 3 .Room size: This is also an important factor in determining factor for the efficiency of ceiling fan. If your place is small fan on a large room , it would be obviously be not sufficient and a large industrial ceiling fan in a tiny room will over kill. 4. Positioning: If you have long rectangular roo ,you put a fan at one end ,it wont probably reach the other end so the best option is middle .Positioning also affects the efficiency of the fan.

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Wattage and type of fan: 400 watts 350 watts 100 watts 90 watts 75 watts 55 watts 24 watts Evaporative cooler Whole-house fan Floor or box fan(high speed) 52 ceiling fan(high speed) 48 ceiling fan(high speed) 36 ceiling fan(high speed) 42 ceiling fan(low speed)

Energy efficient fan:

Fig no-9 The power consumed by an energy efficient fan is 24 watts

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Save energy with Energy efficient ceiling fan

Fig no-10 Normal ceiling fan:

Fig no-11 The power consumed by normal ceiling fan is 80 watts

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CHAPTER-3

Experimental set up: 3.1 Circuit Diagram:

3.2 Operational Procedure: For this experiment we used two ceiling fans One is energy efficient and other is normal ceiling fan. First they are connected as per circuit diagram. Next the readings are taken at different speeds. The same procedure is repeated with both the fans The tabulated values are given below.

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3.3 Tabular Diagram: Normal fan readings:

S.No Speed(rpm)
1 2 3 4 5 3820 3255 1771 1085 406

Ammeter Voltmeter Power factor Power=VIcos Readings(amp)I readings(volts)V readings(cos)

0.33 0.3 0.28 0.26 0.21 230 230 230 230 230 0.9 0.75 0.67 0.63 0.55 72.45 51.75 43.14 37.67 26.56

For efficient fan readings: Speed

3000 2866 2377 1671 650

Ammeter Current(I)
0.13 0.08 0.05 0.03 0.02

Power Factor(cos)
0.84 0.79 0.74 0.70 0.67

Voltmeter(V)
230 230 230 230 230

Power=VIcos
25.11 14.53 8.51 4.83 3.082

Final result (by comparing two fans): S.No Speed (rpm) Power consumed by efficient fan(watts) 25.11 14.53 8.51 4.83 3.028 Power consumed by normal fan (watts) 72.45 51.75 43.14 37.67 26.56 Difference of power(watts)

1 2 3 4 5

3000 2800 2000 1700 700

47.34 37.22 34.63 32.84 25.53

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3.4 CALCULATIONS:For normal ceiling fan: Wattages of fan=80 watts/fan No: of fans =8 No: of working hours=15 Power consumed by fan in one day=15*80=1200watts No: of units=1.2units No: of units consumed in one year==1.2*365=438units Cost of one unit= Rs 4.20/Cost of power consumed by the 80 watts fan per each fan= 438*4.20=Rs 1839.6/Cost of power consumed by the 80 watts fan for 8 fans=1839.6*8= Rs 14716.8/Cost of ceiling fan=Rs 1700/Depreciation cost=Rs 500/Difference in cost=Rs 1200/Cost of 8 ceiling fans=1200*8=Rs 9600/For energy efficient fan: Wattages of fan=24 watts/fan No: of fans =8 No: of working hours=15 Power consumed by fan in one day=24*15=360watts No: of units=0.36units No: of units consumed in one year==0.36*365=131.4units Cost of one unit= Rs 4.20/Cost of power consumed by the 80 watts fan per each fan= 131.4*4.20=Rs 551.8/Cost of power consumed by the 80 watts fan for fans=551.8*8=Rs 4414.4/Cost of energy efficient fan=Rs 2400/-Cost of 8 energy efficient fans=2400*8=Rs 19,200/Page | 26

S .No

No: of units No: of units Total cost of Cost consumed consumed power fans for 15 hours for 8 fans 1200 watts 360 watts 9600 watts 2880 watts Rs40320/Rs12096/-

of

8 Saving units

in

80 Watts 24 Watts

Rs9600/Rs19200/-

Rs 14716.8/Rs 4414.4/-

By comparing 80W, 24W; Saving in units = Rs 4414.4/Initial cost of energy efficient fan=Rs 2400/Depreciation cost =Rs500/Total cost of 8 such energy efficient fans=(2400-500)*8=Rs15200/Pay-back period = Rs15200/Rs4414.4= 3months I.e. is after 3months we save an amount of Rs4414.4/- per month by using 8 energy efficient fans with 15 hours of daily usage

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CONCLUSION: By comparing two ceiling fans by using energy efficient fan the power can be saved nearly 4o watts at every speed. Since the energy efficient contain power savers inside the fan. So, by using energy efficient fan we can save both money and power. Hence by using energy efficient fans we can save power and also we can save our money.

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FUTURE SCOPE:If we replace normal fans with energy efficient fans we can save a lot of energy and also we can save the cost of energy consumption.

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REFERENCES: 1. Ceiling fan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia en.wikipedia.org 2. http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_working_principle_of_ceiling_fan?#slide=6 3. http://tahidulislam.blogspot.in/2011/04/what-is-working-principle-of-ceiling.html 4. http://www.scribd.com/search?query=Principle+of+working+of+ceiling+fanPrinciple +of+working+of+ceiling+fan 5. http://home.howstuffworks.com/ceiling-fan2.htm 6. http://in.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20071114104737AAHdl0M

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