Multi-area OSPF for CCNA Part 3

Slide: 1 Welcome back to part three of the recordin on Multi-area OSPF! "hi# pre#entation $a# de%eloped b& 'onnie (ecker and )laine *orn+ and $ill be pre#ented b& )laine! When &ou,%e fini#hed the pre#entation+ $e #tron l& recommend that &ou look for the packet tracer acti%it&+ and there $ill al#o be a recordin of a demon#tration of the packet tracer acti%it&+ #o plea#e look for both file#!

Slide: .n thi# part of the recordin $e $ill be co%erin + confi urin multi-area OSPF %er#ion t$o and OSPF %er#ion three! We $ill al#o co%er %erif&in an OSPF %er#ion t$o and OSPF %er#ion three confi uration! And conclude $ith re%ie$in #ome OSPF ke& point#!

Slide: 3 So let,# #tart $ith confi urin multi-area OSPF

Slide: / "hi# i# an e0ample confi uration of OSPF %er#ion t$o! .n thi# e0ample+ router one i# an area border router becau#e it ha# t$o interface#! An interface in area one+ and an interface in area 1ero! 2outer t$o i# an internal backbone router becau#e all of it# interface# are in area 1ero! 2outer three i# an area border router becau#e it ha# an interface in area - and an interface in area 1ero! A router #impl& become# an area border router $hen it ha# t$o net$ork #tatement# in different area#! And if &ou refer to the confi uration+ &ou $ill #ee that there are t$o net$ork #tatement#+ in t$o area#! 2outer one i# a##i ned the router .( 1!1!1!1 "hi# e0ample enable# OSPF in the t$o 'AN interface# in area one+ #o here,# the #tatement# that are doin that+ the #erial interface i# confi ured a# OSPF area 1ero+ #o thi# i# &our #erial interface! 3ecau#e router one ha# interface# connected to t$o different area#+ it i# an area border router! Plea#e make a note that the method u#ed for the $ild card ma#k+ #o if $e look here at the net$ork #tatement+ i# one method that &ou can u#e to confi ure the $ild card ma#k 4or the in%er#e ma#k5! .f &ou u#e 6!6!6!6 the $ild card ma#k doe# not need to be calculated! And &ou,re oin to notice that thi# addre## i# the interface! So that addre## i# thi# interface+ 16!1!1!67-/

Slide: 8 'ike OSPF %er#ion t$o+ implementin the OSPF %er#ion three topolo & i# #imple! "here are no #pecial command# re9uired! A router #impl& become# an area border router $hen it ha# t$o interface# in different area#! So a ain &ou,re oin to notice $e,%e ot t$o interface#+ and t$o area#! 2outer one i# a##i ned the router .( 1!1!1!1 :ou $ant to make note that e%en thou h thi# i# .P %er#ion #i0+ thi# i# an .P %er#ion four addre##! "he e0ample al#o enable# OSPF on the 'AN interface in area one+ #o if &ou look at area one there,# a ;i abit 1ero71ero! We ha%e a##i ned that )thernet ;i abit 1ero71ero interface! Notice $e,%e put .P%<+ OSPF 16 4don,t for et that,# &our proce## .(5 and $e,%e a##i ned that to area one! And the #erial interface $hen $e look at it+ i# then a##i ned to area 1ero! And a ain+ becau#e area one ha# interface# connected in t$o different area#+ it become# an area border router!

Slide: < Summari1ation help# keep routin table# #mall! .t in%ol%e# con#olidatin multiple route# in to a #in le ad%erti#ement $hich can then be propa ated into the backbone router area! Normall&+ t&pe one and t&pe t$o link-#tate ad%erti#ement# are enerated in#ide each area! So in each area &ou,re oin to ha%e t&pe one and t&pe t$o 'SA#! "ho#e are oin to be tran#lated into t&pe three 'SA# and #ent to other area#! .f area one had thirt& net$ork# to ad%erti#e+ then thirt& t&pe three 'SA #ummarie# $ould be for$arded into the backbone! With route #ummari1ation+ the area border router con#olidate# the thirt& net$ork# into one or t$o ad%erti#ement#! So let,# take a look at #ummari1ation in more detail!

Slide: = .n the fi ure+ router one con#olidate# all of it# net$ork ad%erti#ement# into one #ummar& 'SA! SO it $ould take all of the route ad%erti#ement# in here and #ummari#e them in#tead of for$ardin indi%idual 'SA# for each route in area one! 2outer one for$ard# thi# #ummar& link-#tate ad%erti#ement to the core router+ C1! So router one $ill #ummari#e them+ and #end them on to C1! C1 in turn for$ard# the #ummar& 'SA to router t$o and router three+ and then for$ard it to their re#pecti%e internal router#! Summari1ation al#o help# increa#e the net$ork #tabilit&+ becau#e it reduce# unnece##ar& 'SA floodin ! "hi# directl& affect# the amount of band$idth+ CP> and memor& re#ource# con#umed b& the OSPF routin proce##! Without route #ummari1ation+ e%er& #pecific link link-#tate ad%erti#ement i# propa ated into the OSPF backbone and be&ond cau#in unnece##ar& net$ork traffic and router o%erhead!

Slide: ? "he fi ure illu#trate# that #ummari#in net$ork# into a #in le addre## and ma#k can be done in three #tep#! So in thi# particular e0ample $e $ill be #ummari#in 16!1!1!67-/ and 16!1!-!67-/ Step one+ li#t the net$ork# in binar& format+ $hich ha# been done here+ and 16!1!-!6 ha# been done here! So the&,re li#ted in binar& format! Step t$o+ count the number of far left matchin bit# to determine the ma#k for the #ummar& route! A# hi hli hted+ the fir#t t$ent&-t$o far left matchin bit# match! So if $e #tart lookin at matchin bit#+ the matchin bit# $ould #top ri ht here+ here the& are different! "hi# re#ult# in the prefi0 7--+ #o &ou,ll #ee the prefi0 do$n here i# 7--+ and the #ubnet ma#k of -88!-88!-8-!6 So thi# la#t line $a# #ho$in the #ubnet ma#k+ the calculation of the #ubnet ma#k! Step three+ cop& the matchin bit#+ #o cop& all the matchin bit# up here! And then add 1ero bit# to determine the #ummari#ed net$ork addre##! So $e,%e ot 1ero bit# here! .n thi# e0ample the matchin bit# $ith 1ero at the end re#ult in the net$ork addre## 16!1!6!67-"hi# #ummar& addre## actuall& #ummari#e# four net$ork# 16!1!6!67-/ 16!1!1!67-/ and 16!1!-!67-/ and 16!1!3!67-/ So in the e0ample+ if $e are to #ummari#e+ and thi# $ould be our #ummar&+ $e came up $ith that in three different #tep#+ &ou $ould be matchin four net$ork# e%en thou h onl& t$o net$ork# e0i#t!

Slide: @ .f $e $ere oin to take that #ummar& addre## and then put it into a confi uration+ thi# $ould be the correct $a& to confi ure that! So thi# confi uration #ummari#e the t$o internal area one route#+ 16!1!6!67-/ up to 16!1!3!67-/ into one OSPF #ummar& route on router one! SO take a look at router one $hen $e put thi# confi uration in+ if $e then do a #ho$ .P route OSPF+ thi# i# $hat &ou $ill #ee in the routin table of router one! Notice ho$ thi# entr& ha# appeared $ith a Null 1ero interface! "he Ci#co .OS automaticall& create# a bo u# #ummar& route to the null 1ero interface $hen manual #ummari1ation i# confi ured to pre%ent routin loop#! A packet #ent to a null interface i# dropped! For e0ample a##ume router one recei%ed a packet de#tined for 16!1!6!16+ althou h it $ould match the router one #ummar& route+ router one doe# not ha%e a %alid route in area one! So if $e look for 16!1!6!16 $e don,t #ee it in here+ don,t #ee a match to that! "herefore router one $ould refer to the routin table for the ne0t lon e#t match $hich $ould be the null 1ero entr&! "he packet $ould et for$arded to the null 1ero interface and dropped! "hi# pre%ent# the router for$ardin the packet to a default route and po##ibl& creatin a routin loop! No$ don,t for et+ thi# $ill be ad%erti#ed to the other router#+ #o let,# take a look at updated router three routin table! Notice no$ ho$ there i# onl& inter-area entr& oin into the #ummar& route 16!1!6!67--

So notice it,# comin in a #ummar& route+ that,# the rea#on it ha# the O #pace .A in front of it! .t,# an inter-area route! And b& doin thi# &ou #hould be able to reduce the #i1e of the routin table# in router three! .f &ou did not do thi#+ #o if $e do not #ummari#e in thi# particular net$ork+ in#tead of ha%in one route in here+ &ou $ould ha%e t$o of them that $ere marked #ummar& route+ and don,t for et tho#e are t&pe three!

Slide: 16 We thou ht $e $ould include a couple of e0tra #ummar& e0erci#e# #o that &ou can practice durin thi# pre#entation+ if &ou $ant to #top the recordin and practice &ou can! So in thi# particular e0ample+ routin table 3 ha# all of the#e route# +and $hat $e $ould like to do i# #ummari#e the fir#t part of thi#+ and then #ummari#e the #econd portion! So $e,re oin to take all of the#e route#+ #ummari#e them and router 3 $ould #end them to area 1ero $ith t$o #tatement#+ #o t$o #ummar& route# $ould be #ent+ or t$o t&pe three#!

Slide: 11 So feel free to practice that e0erci#e+ and #ee if &ou can et tho#e t$o #ummari#ed + #o a ain the top portion here #hould #ummari#e a# 1=-!1<!?!6+ $ith a #ubnet ma#k of -88!-88!-/?!6+ and the bottom four #hould #ummari#e to thi#! And Au#t te#t that and #ee if that u#in the method that $e #ho$ed &ou before &ou can et that to $ork out!

Slide: 1.n thi# e0ample+ $e,%e al#o included the command# to #ummari#e ! So if &ou look at router one+ thi# i# an area border router+ it ha# area 1ero route# from @< up to 1-=! So it,# ot @< up to 1-=+ and notice the#e are 7-/ .t al#o ha# in area one+ it ha# 3- up to <3! So if tho#e $ere #ummari#ed correctl& the& $ould look like thi#+ and the#e are the net$ork #tatement# &ou $ould need to put in! So tho#e are &our t$o net$ork #tatement#! So a ain+ &ou,%e taken man& route# here in area 1ero and #ummari#ed them a# one+ and thi# $ill be #ent to router t$o in a t&pe three! "hi# one $ill be #ent to router t$o in a t&pe three! So notice ho$ man& routin entrie# $e ha%e #a%ed! And a ain that,# a ood one for practice!

Slide: 13 No$ &ou,re oin to notice the #&nta0 for confi urin a t&pe fi%e #ummar& from an autonomou# #&#tem boundar& router! So thi# i# comin from #ome other t&pe of

autonomou# #&#tem it,# a little different! So if $e compare+ Au#t make a back up for a #econd+ area 1ero ran e+ area one ran e+ here it,# #ummar& da#h addre##! .n thi# e0ample the e0ternal 2.P %er#ion t$o+ 1=-!1<!3-!67-/ to 1=-!1<!<3!67-/ i# #ummari#ed a# 1=-!1<!3-!6 and thi# i# a 7-=+ and a ain notice that #&nta0 i# a little different! No$ the confi uration #ho$n doe# not include the ad%erti#in the route from 2.P into OSPF! "he command to do thi# $ould be: redi#tribute 2.P #ubnet# in the OSPF confi uration+ #o $e $ould need to add that #tatement here! And Au#t a# a #ide note the default metric $hen redi#tributin into OSPF i# a co#t of t$ent&!

Slide: 1/ No$ let,# #a& that &ou had a default route that &ou $anted to #hare in an OSPF routin domain! "o enerate a default e0ternal route into an OSPF routin domain+ &ou u#e the ,default-information ori inate, command in router confi uration mode! So let,# look at another #ample!

Slide: 18 .n thi# #lide &ou $ill #ee a #ample confi uration $ith the default route pointin to either .SPA or .SP3! And the default-information ori inate command! So &ou,re oin to notice $hen &ou look at thi# do$n here+ &ou,%e ot an .P route+ a default route pointin at router one to 1@?!1!1!1+ and router t$o i# pointin to 1@?!-!1!1+ #o that,# &our default route! No$ if &ou $ant to #hare that+ #o router one and router t$o ha%e thi# information+ if the& $ant to #hare that $ith the re#t of the OSPF domain+ &ou $ill ha%e to put in the command default-information ori inate+ the metric 16 or metric 166+ that i# an optional piece of that+ that can be added if &ou $i#h! No$ notice+ that a ain in thi# particular confi uration e0ample+ that one of the option# for the $ild card ma#k in the net$ork #tatement i# #impl& 6!6!6!6 So enterin the net$ork 16!1!1!1 6!6!6!6 area 6 on router one tell# the router to enable the interface for the routin proce##! A# a re#ult the OSPF %er#ion t$o proce## $ill ad%erti#e that i# on thi# interface! So it,ll actuall& look at the interface and ad%erti#e that net$ork! Of cour#e the ad%anta e of #pecif&in the interface i# that the $ild card ma#k calculation i# not nece##ar& OSPF %er#ion t$o u#e# the interface addre## and #ubnet ma#k to determine the net$ork to ad%erti#e! A# &ou #tud& for the CCNA+ make #ure &ou kno$ both $ild card method#! And $e $ill re%ie$ tho#e later in the pre#entation on the OSPF ke& point#! "he ne0t part of the pre#entation i# on

Slide: 1< Berif&in an OSPF %er#ion t$o and OSPF %er#ion three confi uration!

Slide: 1= So our command# for %erification #hould look familiar! :ou,%e u#ed the#e command# before $hen &ou $ere doin #in le area OSPF! And don,t for et+ if &ou,re runnin OSPF %er#ion three+ #impl& #ub#titute .P $ith .P%<+ #o an&$here &ou #ee .P+ Au#t put .P%<! So let,# take a look at a couple of them+ $e,re not oin to look at all of them+ but $e,re oin to take a look at #ome of them! >#e the #ho$ .P protocol# command to %erif& the OSPF #tatu#

Slide: 1? "he output of the command re%eal# $hich routin protocol# are confi ured on a router! .t al#o include# routin protocol# #pecific#+ #uch a# router .(+ number of area# in the routin proce##+ and the net$ork# includin the router protocol confi uration+ #o &ou,re oin to notice here,# our net$ork#+ here,# our number of area#+ and here i# the router .(! And a ain notice it,# oin to #ho$ t$o area# here+ #o if it,# #ho$in t$o area# that mean# thi# i# an area border router! >#e the #ho$ .P OSPF interface brief command to di#pla& conci#e OSPF information of OSPF enabled interface#! "hi# command re%eal# u#eful information+ #uch a# the OSPF proce## .( that the interface i# a##i ned to+ the area that the interface# are in+ and the co#t of the interface!

Slide: 1@ "he common command u#ed to %erif& a multi-area OSPF confi uration i# the #ho$ .P route command! Add the OSPF parameter to di#pla& onl& OSPF related information! "hi# fi ure di#pla&# the routin table of router one! Notice ho$ the O .A entrie# in the routin table identif& net$ork# learned from other area#! O repre#ent# OSPF intra-area route#+ and .A repre#ent# .nter-area+ $hich mean# that the route# ori inated from another area! And Au#t a little bit of re%ie$+ the 11671-@8 entr& in the routin table repre#ent# the admini#trati%e di#tance that i# a##i ned to OSPF+ $hich i# 116+ and the total co#t of the route $hich i# 1-@8!

Slide: -6 "he #ho$ .P OSPF databa#e command i# another u#eful command for %erification .t i# u#ed to %erif& the OSPF link-#tate databa#e! And in thi# one a ain+ notice $e,re #eein t$o area#+ $hich mean# thi# i# an area border router! And in addition &ou can tell that each one of the#e router# ha%e been a##i ned a router .(+ becau#e notice ho$ #imple

the& are! So o%er here $e #ee net$ork addre##e#+ $e #ee #ome link .(#+ but o%er here in thi# ad%erti#in router $e #ee the router .(#!

Slide: -1 OC let,# re%ie$ #ome OSPF ke& point#! A# $e ha%e tried to demon#trate+ Multi-area OSPF i# a better choice for lar er net$ork# than #in le-area OSPF! .t,# oin to #ol%e the i##ue# of lar e routin table#+ lar e link-#tate databa#e#+ and fre9uent SPF 4or #horte#t path fir#t5 al orithm calculation#! :our main area i# oin to be called the backbone area+ $hich $ill al#o be called area 1ero! 2ecalculatin the databa#e i# oin to be kept $ithin an area! "here $ill be four different t&pe# of OSPF router#D internal router# $hich ha%e all their interface# in one area+ a backbone router+ an area border router $hich connect# to area 1ero but al#o ha# an interface in another area+ an autonomou# #&#tem boundar& router $hich ha# an interface $ithin the OSPF domain but al#o ha# an interface in another autonomou# #&#tem+ #uch a# ).;2P or 2.P %er#ion -! A router #impl& become# an area boundar& router $hen it ha# t$o net$ork #tatement#+ #o look at the confi uration+ and in .P %er#ion four if &ou #ee t$o net$ork #tatement# and the&,re in different area# then it an area border router!

Slide: -'ink-#tate ad%erti#ement# are the buildin block# of OSPF! (onEt for et+ all of the#e are a t&pe of link-#tate update or a t&pe four link-#tate update! So there,# t&pe one 'SA#+ tho#e are &ou router link entrie# All router# #end there to their nei hbourin router#+ and don,t for et the&,re confined to the area! "&pe t$o 'SA# are referred to a# the net$ork link entrie# and are flooded b& the de#i nated router+ #o &ou $ill onl& #ee there in multiacce## net$ork#! "&pe three 'SA# are referred to a# the #ummar& link entrie# and are created and propa ated b& area border router#! So don,t for et the area border router $ill collect the t&pe one# and the t&pe t$o# and #hare tho#e $ith other area# a# a t&pe three! A t&pe four #ummar& 'SA i# enerated b& an area border router onl& $hen and autonomou# #&#tem boundar& router e0i#t# $ithin an area! So if an area border router #ee# that there i# an autonomou# #&#tem boundar& router in it# area+ it $ill #end a t&pe four #ummar& link-#tate ad%erti#ement! "&pe fi%e e0ternal 'SA# de#cribe route# to net$ork# out#ide the OSPF autonomou# #&#tem! "he#e are actuall& ori inated b& the autonomou# #&#tem boundar& router+ and are flooded to the entire autonomou# #&#tem+ #o the&,re flooded to the entire OSPF domain! "he #horte#t path fir#t tree i# u#ed to determine the be#t path#! OSPF route# in an .P %er#ion four or an .P %er#ion < routin table are identified u#in the follo$in de#criptor#: O $hich are intra-area#+ O .A for .P %er#ion four #ummar& route#+ and Au#t O. for .P %er#ion #i0+ and then the e0ternal route $ill be either O )1+ or O )-+ and mo#t of $hat $e,ll #ee in thi# cour#e $ill be O )-#!

Slide -3: *ere,# a #ample confi uration of OSPF %er#ion t$o! . did not include in the #ummar& the confi uration of .P %er#ion #i0 or OSPF %er#ion three+ #o &ou #hould o back and re%ie$ that a# $ell! Notice in thi# confi uration that . did u#e both $ild card method#+ #o here &ou,%e ot one $here it,# been calculated and it,# the in%er#e of the #ubnet ma#k! "hi# i# the net$ork+ the#e are in area one! And thi# one $e,%e u#ed the interface $ith the 6!6!6!6 What can make OSPF a little trick& i# that i# doe# not perform auto #ummari1ation+ but &ou can manuall& confi ure it u#in the area 0 ran e command and the 0 $ill be like area one or area 1ero and then ran e+ behind that &ou $ould put &our #ummar& ran e+ or the other command if &ou,re doin e0ternal route# i# the #ummar&-addre##!

Slide -/: "he#e are the command# that are u#ed to %erif& the OSPF confi uration! And don,t for et+ if &ou $ant to %erif& OSPF %er#ion three $hich i# .P %er#ion #i0+ &ou $ould put .P%< $here &ou #ee the .P!

Slide -8: 'onnie (ecker ha# created a packet tracer acti%it& #o &ou can t&pe the command# in it and tr& all the #ho$ command# out!

Slide -<: "he packet tracer i# #imilar to thi# topolo &+ thi# i# the topolo &! So make #ure &ou take a look at it! And al#o+ #he ha# pro%ided a demon#tration of the packet tracer acti%it& in a record! So make #ure &ou find the packet tracer acti%it& and the recordin that demon#trate# the packet tracer acti%it&!

Slide -=: "hi# conclude# the pre#entation on multi-area OSPF! "hank &ou!