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Learning Objectives
Describe the activities of systems analysis Explain the difference between functional and nonfunctional system requirements Describe three types of models and reasons for creating models Identify and understand the different types of users who will be involved in investigating system requirements
Overview
Analysis phase of SDLC skills needed
Fact finding for investigation of system requirements Analyst should learn details of business processes and daily operations Analyst should become as knowledgeable as business domain users to build credibility Analyst brings fresh perspective to problem Modeling of business processes based on system requirements
Prioritize requirements Prototype for feasibility and discovery Generate and evaluate alternatives Review recommendations with management
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System Requirements
System requirements specifications that define the new system Functional requirements
Activities system must perform (use cases) Based on procedures and business functions Documented in analysis models
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Types of Models
Different types of models are used in information systems development
Mathematical formulas that describe technical aspects of the system Descriptive narrative memos, reports, or lists that describe aspects of the system Graphical diagrams and schematic representations of some aspect of the system
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Figure 4-4
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Design models
Physical models Provide technical details Extend logical models
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RMO Stakeholders
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Current approach
Identify logical requirements for new system Balance the review of current business functions with new system requirements
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Fact-Finding Methods
Review existing reports, forms, and procedure descriptions Interview and discuss processes with users Observe and document business processes Build prototypes Distribute and collect questionnaires Conduct joint application design (JAD) sessions Research vendor solutions
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Can meet with individuals or groups of users List of detailed questions prepared
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Activity Diagrams
Workflow sequence of steps to process a business transaction Activity Diagram workflow diagram to describe sequence of steps Synchronization bar symbol to control splitting or merging of a path on an activity diagram Swimlane bounded area that contains activities of a single agent
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Build Prototypes
Prototype - Preliminary working model of a larger, more complex system component
Discovery, design, evolving prototypes
Prototype should be
Operative
Working model to provide look and feel
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Figure 4-17
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Resources
Overhead projector, white board, flip charts, work material Electronic support (laptops) CASE tools Group support systems (GSS)
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A JAD Facility
Figure 4-18
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Danger
May purchase solution before understanding problem
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Figure 4-19
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Summary
Analysis phase activities
Gather information Define system requirements Prioritize requirements Prototype for feasibility and discovery Generate and evaluate alternatives Review recommendations with management
BPR and Zachman Framework can help with the analysis phase activities
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Summary (continued)
Gathering system requirements
Functional and nonfunctional Work with various stakeholders (users, clients, technical staff)
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Summary (continued)
Primary information-gathering techniques
Review existing reports, forms, and procedure descriptions Conduct interviews and discussions with users Observe and document business processes Build prototype working models Distribute and collect questionnaires Conduct JAD sessions Research vendor solutions
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