Supplement B Simulation

Supplement

B
TRUE/FALSE

Simulation

1. Simulation is the process of reproducing the behavior of a system using a model that describes the processes of the system. Answer: True Reference: Introduction Difficulty: Easy Keywords: simulation, system, behavior, model 2. Time compression is the feature of simulation that allows managers to obtain operating-characteristic estimates in much less time than is re uired to gather the same operating data from a real system. Answer: True Reference: !easons for "sing Simulation Difficulty: #oderate Keywords: time, compression $. Simulation can be used to sharpen managerial decision ma%ing. Answer: True Reference: !easons for "sing Simulation Difficulty: #oderate Keywords: simulation, manager, decision &. 'ecision variables are random events that the decision ma%er cannot control. Answer: (alse Reference: The Simulation )rocess Difficulty: #oderate Keywords: decision, variable *. Steady state occurs when the simulation is repeated over enough time that the average results for performance measures remain constant. Answer: True Reference: The Simulation )rocess Difficulty: #oderate Keywords: steady, state, simulation

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Supplement B Simulation

MULTIPLE CHOICE
+. , simulation modela. describes operating characteristics with %nown e uations. b. replicates the service of customers and %eeps trac% of characteristics such as the number in line, the waiting time, and the total time in the system. c. prescribes what should be done in a situation. d. finds the optimal solution to a problem without having to try each alternative. Answer: b Reference: Introduction Difficulty: Easy Keywords: simulation, model .. Simulation models area. useful when waiting-line models are too comple/. b. useful for conducting e/periments using the real system. c. preferred because they find optimal solutions. d. usually ine/pensive relative to other approaches. Answer: a Reference: !easons for "sing Simulation Difficulty: #oderate Keywords: simulation, model, waiting, line 0. , manager has been given the table shown below and is as%ed to generate random numbers. 1hich of the following statements is T!"E2 Range 334&5 *34.5 03455 # Customers 3 1 2

a. There are no customers in the store &5 percent of the time. b. The probability of having one customer in the store is 3.$3. c. The relative fre uency of having two customers in the store is 3.03. d. If we randomly choose the numbers 3 through 55 enough times, about 55 percent of the time we will have two customers in the store. Answer: b Reference: The Simulation )rocess Difficulty: Easy Keywords: random, number, fre uency, probability

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Supplement B Simulation

5. "sing a simulation model to gather a year of operating data in a few minutes is %nown asa. historical search data collection. b. #onte 6arlo optimi7ation. c. suboptimi7ation. d. time compression. Answer: d Reference: !easons for "sing Simulation Difficulty: #oderate Keywords: time, compression 13. 1hich one of the following relationships is correct2 a. 'ecision variables reflect the value of uncontrollable variables. b. 'ependent variables reflect the value of decision and uncontrollable variables. c. "ncontrollable variables reflect the value of decision variables. d. "ncontrollable variables reflect the values of dependent variables. Answer: b Reference: The Simulation )rocess Difficulty: #oderate Keywords: decision, uncontrollable, dependent, variable 11. , number that has the same probability of being selected as any other is called a8n9a. #onte 6arlo number. b. decision number. c. uncontrolled number. d. random number. Answer: d Reference: The Simulation )rocess Difficulty: #oderate Keywords: random, number 12. The manager of a branch ban% wants to build a simulation model of the lobby operation to reduce the waiting time of her customers. The number of tellers is an e/ample ofa. a decision variable. b. an uncontrollable variable. c. a time-compressed variable. d. a dependent variable. Answer: a Reference: The Simulation )rocess Difficulty: #oderate Keywords: decision, variable

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Supplement B Simulation

1$. The manager of a branch ban% wants to build a simulation model of the lobby operation to reduce the waiting time of her customers. The number of customers arriving at any point of time is an e/ample ofa. a decision variable. b. an uncontrollable variable. c. a time-compressed variable. d. a dependent variable. Answer: b Reference: The Simulation )rocess Difficulty: #oderate Keywords: uncontrollable, variable 1&. The manager of a branch ban% wants to build a simulation model of the lobby operation to reduce the waiting time of her customers. The number of customers waiting in line at any point of time is an e/ample ofa. a decision variable. b. an uncontrollable variable. c. a time-compressed variable. d. a dependent variable. Answer: d Reference: The Simulation )rocess Difficulty: #oderate Keywords: dependent, variable 1*. , simulation model is used to test the impact of the number of sample customers at a supermar%et. ,s the model is run, the decision ma%er watches the average number of customers in the store rapidly increase from 7ero until it levels off and holds a constant value. The simulation model isa. not valid due to the lac% of change. b. in steady state. c. not valid due to the fluctuation in the statistics. d. a random variable. Answer: b Reference: The Simulation )rocess Difficulty: #oderate Keywords: steady, state 1+. 1hich one of the following statements regarding simulation analysis is (,:SE2 a. Simulation analysis is a form of hypothesis testing. b. ,nalysis of variance is a commonly used statistical method for simulation analysis. c. Statistical methods re uire the replication of simulation runs. d. Each time a simulation model is run for a given set of decision variables, the same random numbers must be used. Answer: d Reference: The Simulation )rocess Difficulty: ;ard Keywords: random, number

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Supplement B Simulation

1.. 1hich one of the following statements about simulation analysis is (,:SE2 a. If a result is statistically significant, it is always managerially significant. b. Simulation analysis is a form of hypothesis testing. c. ,nalysis of variance is a commonly used statistical method for simulation analysis. d. Statistical methods re uire the replication of simulation runs. Answer: a Reference: The Simulation )rocess Difficulty: ;ard Keywords: simulation, statistically, manager, significant

FILL I" THE BLA"#

10. <<<<<<<<<<<< is the act of reproducing the behavior of a system using a model that describes the processes of the system. Answer: Simulation Reference: Introduction Difficulty: Easy Keywords: simulation, model, system 15. <<<<<<<<<<<< is a feature of simulation models that allows them to obtain operating-characteristic estimates in much less time than is re uired to gather the same operating data from a real system. Answer: Time compression Reference: !easons for "sing Simulation Difficulty: #oderate Keywords: time, compression 23. The two approaches to data collection for simulation are <<<<<<<<<<<< and <<<<<<<<<<<<. Answer: statistical sampling, historical search Reference: The Simulation )rocess Difficulty: #oderate Keywords: statistical, sampling, historical, search, data, collection 21. , number that has the same probability of being selected as any other number is a8n9 <<<<<<<<<<<<. Answer: random number Reference: The Simulation )rocess Difficulty: #oderate Keywords: random, number, probability 22. <<<<<<<<<<<< are random events that the decision ma%er cannot control. Answer: "ncontrollable variables Reference: The Simulation )rocess Difficulty: #oderate Keywords: uncontrollable, variable, random 2$. <<<<<<<<<<<< occurs when the simulation is repeated over enough time that the average results for performance measures remain constant. Answer: Steady state Reference: The Simulation )rocess Difficulty: #oderate Keywords: steady, state
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Supplement B Simulation

SHORT A"S%ERS
2&. 1hat is the difference between a waiting-line model as described in Supplement 6 and a simulation model of a waiting-line problem2 Answer: The waiting-line model describes the operating characteristics of interest with %nown e uations. The simulation model actually mimics the arrival of customers and their service, empirically calculating the operating characteristics. Reference: Introduction Difficulty: #oderate Keywords: simulation, model, waiting, line 2*. 1hat is meant by time compression in a simulation model2 Answer: Simulation models gather data on operating characteristics in much less time than gathering the same data from the real system. Reference: !easons for "sing Simulation Difficulty: #oderate Keywords: time, compression 2+. 1hat are the motivations for using simulation for analy7ing processes2 Answer: Simulation models are useful when waiting-line models are too comple/. 1hen the relationship between variables is nonlinear, or when there are too many variables or constraints to handle with optimi7ing approaches, simulation is an attractive option. Simulation can be used to conduct e/periments without disrupting the real system. Simulation can also be used to discover operating characteristics of a system in much less time than the data could be gathered from the real system. (inally, simulation can be used to sharpen managerial decision ma%ing through gaming. Reference: !easons for "sing Simulation Difficulty: #oderate Keywords: simulation, time, compression, model 2.. 1hy is simulation considered the method of last resort2 Answer: =ptimi7ing models would be preferred because they find the best solution when they can be applied. Simulation models use a trial-and-error approach to problem solving where the analyst must prescribe the alternatives to evaluate. In addition, simulation models are e/pensive to build. Reference: !easons for "sing Simulation Difficulty: #oderate Keywords: optimi7ing, simulation

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Supplement B Simulation

20. 1hat are the differences between decision variables and uncontrolled variables2 'escribe the differences and provide an e/ample from a simulation model. Answer: , decision variable is one that is under control of the decision ma%er and will change from one simulation run to the ne/t as different events are simulated. "ncontrolled variables are random events that the decision ma%er cannot control. >oth are functions of random numbers in the simulation model, but the decision ma%er reali7es that the uncontrolled variables, such as weather, customer arrival patterns, state of the economy, and so on are outside his influence. E/amples will vary. Reference: !easons for "sing Simulation Difficulty: #oderate Keywords: decision, variable, uncontrolled

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