Lecture No.

S-parameters and Time Average Power

Generalized S - Parameters

RF & Microwave Engineering BETE-Spring 2009

Department of Electrical Engineering Air University

Properties of S-Matrices
Recall, in case of reciprocal networks, it can be shown that: S-matrix is symmetric about the main diagonal i.e., If a network is lossless, then S is a unitary matrix.

RF & Microwave Engineering BETE-Fall 2009

Basit Ali Zeb Department of Electrical Engineering, AU

Properties of S-Matrices
Expanding it:

RF & Microwave Engineering BETE-Fall 2009

Basit Ali Zeb Department of Electrical Engineering, AU

Special Cases
CASE 1

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Basit Ali Zeb Department of Electrical Engineering, AU

Special Cases
CASE 2

RF & Microwave Engineering BETE-Fall 2009

Basit Ali Zeb Department of Electrical Engineering, AU

Scattering Parameters & Time Average Power Flow

RF & Microwave Engineering BETE-Fall 2009

Basit Ali Zeb Department of Electrical Engineering, AU

Scattering Parameters
Consider a generic two-port network connect to a TL circuit as shown in the figure:

Recall the Base Equations

RF & Microwave Engineering BETE-Fall 2009 Basit Ali Zeb Department of Electrical Engineering, AU

Time Average Power Flow

There is a simple and very important relationship between S parameters and time average power flow between the ports.

1. Referring to the previous shown 2-port network, the total

time average power flow at ports is comprised of two terms: Power incident and power reflected. 2. We will calculate these time averaged power quantities assuming both ports has TL of Z0 connected to them, and will relate them to the S-parameters of the network.

RF & Microwave Engineering BETE-Fall 2009

Basit Ali Zeb Department of Electrical Engineering, AU

At Port 1
The total voltage, incident power and reflected power at port 1 are given as (see 2.37 in text book): Further, since port 2 is matched, the voltage there is given as:

Consequently, the transmitted power for this network is:

RF & Microwave Engineering BETE-Fall 2009

Basit Ali Zeb Department of Electrical Engineering, AU

At Port 1
The ratio of incident and reflected time average power is:

Power Reflection coefficient at Port 1

By comparing the last two equations, we get:

RF & Microwave Engineering BETE-Fall 2009 Basit Ali Zeb Department of Electrical Engineering, AU

At Port 2
The ratio of incident and transmitted time average power is:
where

From the base equation no. 2 when V2+ = 0 we get S21 as:

By comparing the last two equations, we get:

RF & Microwave Engineering BETE-Fall 2009 Basit Ali Zeb Department of Electrical Engineering, AU

For Lossless Network

Recall that for a lossless network, the scattering matrix must be unitary i.e., diagonal elements should be 1. As a direct result of this, for any lossless 2-port, we get :

With port 2 matched, the first equation above can be under stood as conservation of power statement for the network.

RF & Microwave Engineering BETE-Fall 2009

Basit Ali Zeb Department of Electrical Engineering, AU

Generalized S-parameters

We will consider the case if Z0,1 Z0,2,, with port 2 matched and calculate the incident, reflected and transmitted power to generalize the S-parameters.
RF & Microwave Engineering BETE-Fall 2009 Basit Ali Zeb Department of Electrical Engineering, AU

Generalized S-parameters
The incident, reflected and transmitted power for this 2-port network is given as:

While the S21 parameter is given as:

RF & Microwave Engineering BETE-Fall 2009

Basit Ali Zeb Department of Electrical Engineering, AU

Useful Interpretation
In order to preserve the very useful interpretation of |Sij|2, we need to redefine the S-parameter if port impedances are not similar. For Example: We redefine the S21 parameter as: This redefinition leads to the so-called normalized S-parameters. Wave amplitude towards port n is: Wave amplitude away from port n is:

RF & Microwave Engineering BETE-Fall 2009

Basit Ali Zeb Department of Electrical Engineering, AU

Generalized Parameters

These |Sij| are generalized S-parameters. They reduce to regular S-parameters when all port impedances are equal. If i j, we can substitute the values of a and b in above equation to recover: If i = j, we can substitute the values of a and b in above equation to recover
RF & Microwave Engineering BETE-Fall 2009 Basit Ali Zeb Department of Electrical Engineering, AU

Generalized Parameters an,bn

At the terminal planes for port n with characteristic impedance Z0,n , we can find the normalized scattering parameters as:

RF & Microwave Engineering BETE-Fall 2009

Basit Ali Zeb Department of Electrical Engineering, AU

Study
Article 4.2 and 4.3 from the text book Next discussion on ABCD parameters

RF & Microwave Engineering BETE-Fall 2009

Basit Ali Zeb Department of Electrical Engineering, AU