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COEFFICIENTS VERSUS NRe 1 Laminar 105 II Transition III Turbulent

104

SPHERES DISKS CYLINDERS

103 CD

102

10

1.0

0.1 10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

10 NRe

102

103

104

105

106

Figure by MIT OCW. Adapted from: Reynolds, T. D., and P. A. Richards. Unit Operations and Processes in Environmental Engineering. 2nd ed. Boston, MA: PWS Publishing Company, 1996.

SETTLING ZONE V INLET H ZONE e SLUDGE ZONE V v vo OUTLET ZONE

Zones of a rectangular, horizontal, continuous-flow sedimentation basin.

2V 1/2 H 2V

v vo

Reduced tank depth does not increase removal ratio.

V 1/2 H V

v 1/2 v0

1/2 H

Intermediate Tray

Tray in tank provides added floor area & increases solids removal
Figure by MIT OCW. Adapted from: Camp, T. R. "Studies of Sedimentation Basin Design." Sewage and Industrial Wastes 25, no. 1 (1953): 1-12.

EFFECT OF PARTICLE AGGLOMERATION ON SETTLING

Settling A B

Zone

Figure by MIT OCW. Adapted from: Camp, T. R. "Studies of Sedimentation Basin Design." Sewage and Industrial Wastes 25, no. 1 (1953): 1-12.

EFFECT OF TURBULENT DIFFUSION ON SETTLING

Figure by MIT OCW. Adapted from: Camp, T. R. "Studies of Sedimentation Basin Design." Sewage and Industrial Wastes 25, no. 1 (1953): 1-12.

Apparatus For Quiescent Settling Analyses

Siphon

h2

Cock Portion for concentration test


Sample of Suspension

h5

Constant Temperature water bath

Sample of suspension
5

Sludge

Figure by MIT OCW. Adapted from Camp, T. R., 1946. Sedimentation and the
design of settling tanks. Transactions ASCE. Vol. 111, Pg. 895-936.

Sampling Ports

h1 h1 h2

R1

Isopercent Removal Curves

h2 DEPTH 40% h3 50%

h3

60%

70%

80%

h4 R5 h4 0.5 m h5 t1 t2 TIME t3 t4 t5 R4 R3 R2

150 mm

Figure by MIT OCW. Adapted from: G. Tchobanoglous, F. L. Burton, and H. D. Stensel. Wastewater Engineering: Treatment and Reuse. 4th ed. Metcalf & Eddy Inc., New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2003, p. 369.

Figure by MIT OCW. Adapted from: MWH, J. C. Crittenden, R. R. Trussell, D. W. Hand, K. J. Howe, and G. Tchobanoglous. Water Treatment: Principles and Design. 2nd ed. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2005, p. 781.

RECTANGULAR SETTLING TANK


Sludge hoppers
Drive motor

Skimmer

Effluent troughs

Influent

Scraper board

Chains

Effluent

Sludge Drawoff

Scum
A

Scum

Scum box

Plan

Drive

Skimmer
WS

Influent Sprockets Scraper board Chains

Effluent

Sludge Drawoff

Sludge hoppers

Longitudinal Section

Figure by MIT OCW. Adapted from: Reynolds, T. D., and P. A. Richards. Unit Operations and Processes in Environmental Engineering. 2nd ed. Boston, MA: PWS Publishing Company, 1996, p. 249. ISBN: 0534948847.

Clarifier Corner blade Walk way Blades Effluent pipe Weir Cage Blade Rake arm

Flocculator Baffle

Influent channel Influent pipe

Sludge pocket
Chain Guide plate Sheaves Corner blade Drive Unit Flash mixer Chamber Paddle

Effluent channel

Counter weight

Stuffing box Sprocket Chain Dry well Gear motor

PLAN

Handrail Diffuser Water level Concrete pier Turntable Top of tank

Cage

Rake arm Flow Baffle

Sludge discharge pipe

Influent pipe

Flocculator & square sedimentation tank for water clarification, illustrating ceoss-flowoperation.

Figure by MIT OCW. Adapted from: Droste, R. L. Theory and Practice of Water and Wastewater Treatment. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 1997.

Effluent Flume

Collection Trough

Bridg

Scraper Arm

Rotation

Flocculation Skirt

Mixer

Water level

Effluent flume Flocculation zone Settling zone Settling zone

Collection trough with submerged orifaces

Inlet port

Flocculator-clarifier provides mixing, flocculation, & sedimentation in a compartmented concentric circular tank.
Figure by MIT OCW. Adapted from: Droste, R. L. Theory and Practice of Water and Wastewater Treatment. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 1997.

Figure by MIT OCW. Adapted from: Droste, R. L. Theory and Practice of Water and Wastewater Treatment. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 1997.

Figure by MIT OCW. Adapted from: Binnie, C., M. Kimber, and G. Smethurst. Basic Water Treatment. 3rd ed. Cambridge, UK: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2002.

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