BY: CHELSEA, ARIEL, CHANDLER, AND ERINN

SLEEP

Sleep can produce a state of unconsciousness in which the mind and brain apparently turn off the functions that create experience.

SLEEP

Altered State of consciousness: Forms of experience that depart from the normal subjective experience of the world and the mind. Such as, changes in thinking, disturbances in the sense of time, feeling of loss of control, changes in emotional expressions, and etc.

THE SLEEP CYCLE

Sequence of events that occur during a night of sleep is part of one of the major rhythms of human life, the cycle of sleep and waking.

The circadian rhythm is a naturally occurring 24hour cycle of sleeping and waking.

THE SLEEP CYCLE

The sleep cycle is far more than a simple on/off routine, there are five sleep stages. Stage 1 sleep Stage 2 sleep Stage 3/ Stage 4 sleep

REM Sleep

EGG PATTERNS DURING THE STAGES OF SLEEP

Stage 1: the EEG moves frequency patterns even lower than alpha wave (Theta Waves) Stage 2: the patterns are interrupted by short bursts of activity called sleep spindles, this makes it difficult to wake the sleeper up.

EEG PATTERNS DURING THE STAGES OF SLEEP

Deepest Stages
Stage 3 and 4: known as a slowwave sleep EEG patterns show activity called Delta waves

REM Sleep
Stage 5: stage of sleep characterized as rapid eye movements and a high level of brain activity. The patterns become high frequency sawtooth waves sugggesting that the mind at this time is as active as it is during waking.

PICTURE 5.7

STAGES OF SLEEP DURING THE NIGHT

Throughout the typical night, sleep cycles into deeper stages early on and then more shallow stages later.

Rem periods become longer in the later cycles.

PICTURE 5.8

SLEEP NEEDS AND DEPRIVATION

The average adult should get 7 7 hours of sleep every night. The older you get the less sleep you need
For example: grandparents/ older people wake up super early

Sleep following learning is essential for memory consolidation A few hours of sleep deprivation each night can cause detrimental effects as in reducing mental acuity and reaction time, increasing irritability and depression, and increasing the risk of accidents and injury. Without REM sleep memory problems and aggression arise.

SLEEP DISORDERS

The most common sleep disorder is

Insomnia which is difficulty in falling asleep or staying asleep

Causes: anxiety associated with stressful life events, and etc.

Insomnia may be the sign of other emotional difficulties

INSOMNIA

Comic Picture: I cant sleep. I think Ill get up and solve all my problems.

Page 145

SLEEP DISORDERS

Sleep Apnea: a disorder in which the person stops breathing for brief periods while asleep.
Symptoms: Snoring- as apnea involves an involuntary obstruction of the breathing passage.

Usually occurs in middle-aged overweight men Treatments: weight loss, medication, and external breathing aids

SLEEP DISORDERS

Another sleep disorder is Somnambulism Commonly called sleepwalking

This occurs when the person arises and walks around while sleeping More common in children, peaking around the age 11 or 12 Happens early during the night, during slow wave sleep 25% of children experience at least one episode

SLEEP DISORDERS

Narcolepsy which is less common

A disorder in which sudden sleep attacks occur in the middle of waking activities

This disorder appears to have a genetic basis

Runs in the family Treated with medication

SLEEP DISORDERS

Less common Sleep Paralysis which is waking up unable to move, sometimes associated with Narcolepsy. Night Terrors which are abrupt awakenings with panic and intense emotional arousal.
This mainly happens to boys ages 3-7 Happens early in the sleep cycle

DREAMING

Dreaming permits each and everyone of us to be quietly and safely insane every night of our lives.

-William C. Dement

DREAMS

Comic Picture: Frank! Frank, honey, wake up! Your lamp- its humongous! page 146

DREAMS

During dreams current conscious concerns pop up, along with images from the recent past. The content of dreams takes snapshots of the day rather than retelling the stories of what you have done or seen.

DREAM THEORIES

Sigmund Freud's theories: dreams represent wishes, and some of these wishes are so unacceptable taboo, and anxiety producing that the mind can only produce them in disguising form. there's evidence that dreams do feature the return of suppressed thoughts

ACTIVATION-SYNTHESIS MODEL

This theory proposes that dreams are produced when the mind attempts to make sense of random neural activity that occurs in the brain during sleep.

ACTIVATION- SYNTHESIS MODEL

During waking consciousness

The mind is devoted to interpreting lots of information that arrives through the senses.

Dream state
The mind doesnt have access to external sensations but it keeps on doing what it usually does Interpreting information

DREAMING

In Freuds theory, Dreams begin with meaning, where as in the activation- synthesis theory, dreams begin randomly, but meaning can be added as the mind lends interpretations in the process of dreaming.

THE DREAMING BRAIN

Studies show Certain brain areas show changes in brain activation during REM sleep and that these changes correspond clearly with certain alterations of consciousness that occur in dreaming.

THE DREAMING BRAIN

The brain areas are responsible for fear or emotion somehow work overtime in dreams
Which is clearly visible in fMRI scans

Amygdala:
Is involved in responses to threating or stressful events, and indeed the amygdala is quite active during Rem sleep.

THE DREAM BRAIN

During Rem sleep, the motor cortex is activated, but spinal neurons running through the brain stem inhibit the expression of this motor activation.

THE DREAM BRAIN

Red Shading: areas activated in REM sleep
Blue Shading: areas deactivated in REM sleep Picture 5.9

TRIVIA QUESTIONS???

Whats the 5th stage of the sleeping cycle? Describe Freuds dream theory?