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SP 6-3 (1962): ISI Handbook for Structural Engineers -Part-
3 Steel Columns and Struts [CED 7: Structural Engineering
and structural sections]
SP : 6 ( 3 ) - 1962
HANDBOOK
FOR
STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS
3. STEEL COLUMNS AND STRUTS
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS


STRUCTURAL
ENGINEERS' HANDBOOK
No. :I

Gr 12
SP : , ( J) 1M2
HANDBOOK
'OR
STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS
3. STEEL COLUMNS AND STRUTS
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
MANAK BHAVAN, 8 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002

BUREAU OF IIPIAI STAIDARDS
First EdltJon
Eighth Reprint
1962
May1999
UDC 624.21.9 : 624.075.2 : 669.14
C Copyright 1962
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
This publication is protected under the Indian Copyright Act (XIV of 1957) and
reproduction in whole or in part by any means except with written permission of the
publisher shall be deemed to be an infringement of copyright under the said Act.
Printed in India by Simco Printing Press, Delhi; and
Published by the Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi (India).
CONTENTS
PAGE
FOREWORD ...
SYMBOLS
ABBREVIATIONS
SECTION I GENIRAL
1. INTRODUCTION
2. COLUMN DESION AND SPECIFICATIONS
SICTION II DISIGN OF CENTIlALLY LOADID COLUMNS
3. INTRODUCTION
4. SHORT CoLUMNS WITH SMALL LoADS
5. SHORT COLUMNS WITH LAROE LoADS
6. LoNO COLUMNS WITH SMALL LoADS
7. LONG CoLUMNS WITH INTERMEDIATE LoADS
SICTION III COLUMNS IN MULTI-ITORIY aUILDINGS
8. INTItODUCTION
9. BUILDING COLUMN DESIGN FOR DEAD PLUS LIVE LoADS
SECTION IV MILL aUILDING COLUMN WITH
CRANE GANTRY
7
11
14
15
17
20
21
25
29
33
38
38
10. INTRODUCTION 54
..
11. STEPPED MILL BUILDING CoLUMN WITH CRANE GANTRY 54-
SICTION V CONCLUDING REMAIIO CONe.RNING
COLUMN DIIIGN
12. EPPlClEHCY 0' CoMPRESSION MEMBERS 67
TABU I ALLOWABLE AVERAGB STRuas FOR AXIAL CoMPUlSION 69
TABLE II ApPROXIMATE R.ADli OF GYRATION 71
ApPENDIX A INDIAN STANDARDJ ON Paonucrrox, DE!ION AND USE
0' STEEL IN STRUCTURES 72
ApPBNDIX B CoM.OIImoN OP STRUCTURAL SECTIONAL
CoIOllTrKIt. SMDC 7 74
5

FOREWORD
This handbook, which has been processed by the Structural Engineenng
Sectional Committee, SMDC 7, the composition of which is given in Appen-
dix S, has been approved for publication by the Structural and Metals
Division Council of lSI.
Steel, which is a very important basic raw material for industrialization,
had been receiving considerable attention from the Planning Commission
even from the very early stages of the country's First Five Year Plan period.
The Planning Commission not only envisaged an increase in production
capaciry'In the country, but also considered the question of even greater
importance, namely, the taking of urgent measures for the conservation of
available resources. Its expert committees came to the conclusion that a
good proportion of the stee! consumed by the structural steel industry in
India could be saved if higher efficiency procedures were adopted in the
production and use of steel. The Planning Commission" therefore, re-
commended to the Government of India that the Indian Standards
Institution should take up a Steel Economy Project and prepare a series of
I ndian Standard Specifications and Codes of Practice in the field of steel
production and utilization.
Over six yean of continuous study itt India and abroad, and the delibera-
tions at numerous sittings of committees, panels and study groups, 'have
resulted in the formulation of a number of Indian Standards in the field
of'stee! production, design and use, a list of which is included in Appendix A.
The basic Indian Standards on structural steel sections are:
IS: 8081957 SPECIFICATION POR ROLLED STEEL BLUI, CHANNBL AND
ANOLE SBCTIONS ( Since revised and split up into parts )
IS: 811-1961 SPECIFICATION FOR. COLD FORMED LIOHT GAUOE STRUC-
TURAL STKBL_SBarlONS ( Since revised)
IS: 1161-1958 SP&CIPICATION POR STaHL TUBEI lIOR STRUCTURAL
PURPOSItI ( Second revision published in 1968)
IS: 1173-1957 SPECIFICATION FOR ROLLED STEaL SECTIONS, To HARS
( Since revised )
IS: 1252-1958 SPECIFICATION POR ROLLED STEEL SECTIONS, BULB ANOLa.
IS: 1730-1961 DIMENSIONI FOR STEET~ P:,ATE, SHEET AND SnIP FOR
STRUCTURAL AND GENERAL ENOINEERING PuRPOSES (Since revised
and spUt up into parts)
IS: 1731-1961 DomNilONS FOR STEEL FLATS FOR STRUCTURAL AND
GaNERAL ENGln...INO PuRPOSES ( Since revised)
IS: 1732-1961 DIMENSIONS POR ROUND AND SQ,UAIlB STEEL BARS FOR
STRUCTURAL AND GBNERAL ENGINEERING PuRPoau ( Since revised )
The design and fabrication of steel structures is covered by the following
basic Indian Standards:
IS. 800-1956 CoDa OP PaAarlCB I'OR USB OP 8nuaruIlAL STaaL IN
GSN&IlAL U ~ N O CoNlTllUCTlON ( Since reviled )
7
.. IlANDUOOIt 10. lTaUCTUaAL aHOINU: naaL QOLUMNI AND natrn
IS: 801-1958 CODE OP PRACTICE POR USB OF COLD FOIUdD LIGHT
GAUGB STEBL STRUCTURAL MBUBERS IN GBNERAL BUILDINO CON-
nRuarlON ( Since revised)
IS: 806-1957 CODK OF PRACTICB POR USE OP STUL TUBES IN GENERAL
BUILDING CoNSTRUCTION. (Since revised)
IS: 816-1956 CoDS OF PRACTICE FOR USE OF METAL \RC WELDING FOR
GENERAL CoNSTRUCTION IN MILD STEEL ( Since revised)
IS: 819-1957 CODB OF PRACTICE FOR RBSIITANCB SPOT WELDING POR
LlOHT ASSEMBLIES IN MILD STBBL
IS: 823- CODS OF PROCEDURE FOlt METAL ARC WELDING OF MILD
STEEL ( Under preparation) ( Printed in 1964 )
IS: 1024- ConE OP PRACTICE FOR .WELDING OF STRUCTURES SUBJECT
TO DYNAKIC LoADING ( Under preparation) (Printed in 1968 )
IS: 1261-1959 Oons OF PRACTICE FOR SBAM WBLDING IN MILD STEEL
IS: 1323-1959 CoDE OF PRACTICE FOR OXy-ACItTYLENE WELDING POR
STRUCTURAL Won IN MILD STEBL ( Since revised )
lSI undertook the preparation of a number of design handbooks. This
handbook, vzhich is the third in the series, relates to steel columns and
struts. The first one on structural steel sections was published in March
1959. The second handbook) which deals with steel beams and plate
girders, is being simultaneously published along with this handbook. Other
handbooks proposed to be published in the series in due course are expected
to cover the following subjects:
1) Apphcation of plastic theory in design of steel structures
2) Designing and detailing welded joints and connections
3) Design of rigid frame structures in steel
4) Economy of steel through choice of fabrication methods
5) Functions of good design in steel economy
6) High strength bolting in steel structures
i) Large span shed type buildings in steel
8) Light-weight open web steel joist construction
9) Multi-storey steel framed structures for offices and residences
10) Roof trusses in steel
II) Single-storey industrial and mill type ..buildinp in steel
12) Steel transmission towers
13) Steelwork in cranes and hoists
14) use of light gauge aecnoDi
15) Structural usc of tubular sections
Metric system hu been adopted in India and all quantities, dimensions
and design have been given in this tyltem.
8
tOa.woaD
This handbook is not intended to replace text books on the subject. With
this object in view, theoretical treatment has been kept to the minimum
needed. Special effort has been made to introduce only modern and practi-
cal methods of analysis and design that will result in economy in utilization
of steel.
The-information contained in this handbook may be broadly summarized
as follows:
a) Explanation of the secant formula adopted in IS : 800-1956,
b) Design examples in a format similar to that used in a design office,
c) Commentary on the design examples, and
d) Tables of important design data.
In accordance with the main objectives, those types of columns and strut
designs that lead to the greatest weight saving in steel have been emphasized,
as far as possible.
The calculations shown in the design examples have all been worked
out using the ordinary slide rules. The metric sizes of rivets and plates
incorporated in the design examples are likely to be the standard metric
sizes which would be produced in this countr-y. Indian Standards for these
products are under preparation.
This handbook is based on and requires reference to the following publica-
tions issued by lSI:
IS: 2261958 SPECIFICATION FOR STRUCTURAL STEEL ( Second revision)
( Fifth revision published in 1915 )
IS: 800-1956 CoDE OF PRACTICE FOR USB OF STRUCTUP..AL ~ T t L IN
GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTION ( Since revised)
IS: 806-1957 CaDit OP PumiCE FOR USE OP STEEL TUBKS IN GENERAL
BUILDING CONSTRUCTION (Since revised )
IS: 808-1957 SPECIFICATION FOR ROLLED STEEL BEAY, CHANNEL AND
ANGLB SECTIONS ( Since revised and split up into parts)
IS: 816-1956 CODE OF PRACTICB FOR USB OF METAL ARC WELDING FOR
GENERAL CONSTRUCTION IN !\{ILD STEEL ( Since revised)
IS: 875-lgs7 CODE OF PRACTIOE POR STRum JRAL SAFETY OF BUILDINGS:
LoADING STANDARDS ( Since revised)
IS: 11611958 SPECIFICATION FOR STEEL TUBES FOR STRUCTURAL PUR-
POSES ( Second revision published in 1968)
lSI HANDBOOK FOR STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS : 1. STRUCTURAL STaEL
SECTIONS
lSI HANDBOOK FOR STRUCTURAL ENGINEBRS ON SINGLE-STOREY INDU-
STRIAL AND MILL TVPE BUILDINGS IN STEEL ( Under preparation)
lSI HANDBOOK FOR STRUCTURAL ENGINBBRS ON USE OF STEEL TUBES AS
STRUCTURAL MATBRIAL ( Under preparation)
lSI HANDBOOK FOR STRUCTURAL ENGINBERS ON MULTI-STOREY STEEl.
FRAMED STRUCTURES ( Under preparation)
9

IIAJC.-ooK POa IftvcruaAL .......... : IftaL OOLUIOII AND .....un
In the preparation of t ~ handbook, the technical committee has derived
valuable assistance from Dr Bruce G. Johnston, Professor of Structlll'a1
Engineering. Univenity of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Dr Bruce G. Johnston
prepared the preliminary draft of this 'handbook. This assistance was
made available to lSI through Messrs Ramseyer & Miller, Inc, Iron &:
Steel Industry Consultants, New York, by the Technical Co-operation
Million to India of the Government of USA under their Technical Assis-
tance Programme.
The photographs in this handbook have been provided through the
courtesies of American Institute of Steel Construction, New York, and
Butler Manufacturing Co, Kansas City, USA.
No handbook of this type can be made complete for aU times to come at
the very first attempt. As designers and engineers begin to use it, they
will be able to suggest modifications and additions for improving itl utility.
They are requested to send such valuable suggestions to lSI which will be
received with appreciation and gratitude.
10
SYMBOJ.,S
Symbols used in this handbook shall have the meaning assIgned to them
as indicated below:
A Area of section; Greater projection of the base plate beyond
the column
a Distance between the main components in a laced or battened
section or width of rectangular stress block in bearing
plate design
B Lesser projection of the base plate beyond the column
b Flange width
d Depth of a section; In rivet groups, the diagonal distance
between two rivets: Spacing of battens in a battened
section
til' External diameter of a tube
d. Internal diameter of a tube
E Young's modulus
E, Tangent modulus
I Eccentricity
IC
ii Eccentricity ratio
F
l
Longitudinal shear
F. Permissible axial stress
F ~ Permissible bending stress
F, 1M: Permissible stress in direct compression
.fo == Calculated axial stress
f" Calculated bending stress
~ Stress at proportional limit
If' Calculated average shear stress in the section
I Moment of inertia
I.... Moment of inertia about .A-A axis
1.. Moment of inertia about B-B axis
l:t Moment of inertia about X-X axis
I., Moment of inertia about V-V axis
] ]

III HAIID800It 'OIl ITRVcn:aAL .NOISZr..S : STEEL nat.n
1..
c::
K
z::
L
-
I
_.
I. -
I.
a::::
1/,
-
M
-
M".
.. ==
p
-
P".IfII
Q
-
R
A
R.
-
R. -
r
-
'..
s:::::::
'min -
'.
==
"
-
S
-
,
-
If
==
'tD
-
J"
-
J',
=
IV
Moment of inertia of a column section between mth and nth
floor levels
Coefficient of effective length
Actual length
Effective length (=KL)
Effective length about X-X axis
Effective length about Y-Y axis
Slenderness ratio
Bending moment
Total bending moment in the column section at mth floor
level
Distribution of the bending moment at the mth Boor level
in the column section between mth and nth ftoor levels
Axial load
Axial load in the column section between mth and 11th floor
levels
Static moment about the centroidal axis of [he portion of
cross-sectional area beyond the location at which the
stress is being determined
Reaction at A
Component of the rivet strength in X-X direction
Component of the rivet strength in Y-Y direction
Radius of gyration
Radius of gyration about B-B axis
Minimum radius of gyration
Radius of gyration about X-X axis
Radius of gyration about Y-Y axis
Shear
Thickness of base plate or splice plate; Flange or web
thickness
Flange thickness
Web thickness
Total shear resultant on cross-section
Shear force per unit length
Pressure or loading on the under-side of the base plate
12

x - Distance of the rivet from a reference point along X-X axis
y Distance of the rivet from .a reference point along Y-Y axis
Z = Section modulus
- Section modulus about X-X axis
Z. Section modulus about Y-Y axis
Zmtl - Section modulus of the column section between mth and nth
floor levels
.6 Deflection
Centre line
@ .- At
> = Greater than
< Less than
Not greater than
Not less than
Approximately equal to
Therefore
13

ABBREVIATIONS
Some important abbreviations used in this handbook are listed below:
UBit.
Area in square centimetres
Length in centimetres
Length in metres
Length in rnillirnetres
Load in kilograms
Load in kilograms per metre
Load in kilograms per square centimetre
Load in kilograms per square metre
Load in tonncs
Moment in centimetre-kilograms
Moment in centimetre tonnes
Moment in metre kilograms
Moment in metre tonnes
Moment of inertia expressed in centimetre to the
power of four
Section modulus expressed in cubic centimetres
Strength of weld in tonnes per centimetre
Other AbbreviadoD8
Alright
Basement level
Centre to centre
Dead load
,Floor
lndian Standard Angie Section conforming to and
as designated in IS : 808-1957
Indian Standard Beam Section conforming to and
as designated in IS : 808-1957
Indian Standard Channel Section conforming to
and as designated in IS : 808-1957
Live load
Outside diameter
14
em
l
em
m
mm
kg
kg/m
k g m ~
kgjm
'
t
em-kg
crn-t
rn-kg
mt
em
l
em'
tlcm
OK
B
c/c
DL
Fl
ISA
ISLB, 18MB, etc
ISLe, ISMC, etc
LL
OD

SECTION I
GENERAL
I. INTRODUCTION
1.1 A column is a structural member whose primary function is to transmit
compressive force between two points in a structure. The subject of column
strength has retained the interest of mathematicians and engineers alike for
more than 200 years since Euler's famous contributions to column theory of
1744 and 1757.
1.2 A column is loaded and performs its useful function in compression,
hut, when overloaded, beyond its working strength, it does not generally fail
by direct compression. Failure may be due to excessive bending or in some
cases by bending combined with twisting, depending on the slenderness ratio
of the compression member. If a short compression member is subjected
to an axial load of sufficient magnitude, it will rail by decreasing in length
and bulging, or may rail because of excessive shearing stresses if the material
is brittle. If, on the other hand, a long slender strut is subjected to a
relatively small axial load, the strut is in stable state and if it is displaced by
a small amount due to some disturbing force, the member will straighten
itself when that disturbing force is removed. For a certain increased value
of the axial force, however, the member is in a state of neutral equilibrium
and will remain deflected even after the removal of the disturbing force.
This axial load is called the buckling load. The column will behave in the
same way it: instead of a disturbing force there is a bent and/or twisted
configuration existing in the member, Thus, as the length of the column
increases, the cross-sectional area being. constan-t. the load requited to
produce the various types of failure decreases. Therefore, columns are
commonly classified as short and long columns. Even though this division
may be arbitrary and there no absolute way of determining the exact
limits for each classification, for convenience of discussion in design examples
of columns in this handbook this classification is being adopted.
1.3 The Euler load is the buckling load which will hold a completely
elastic column in a bent position. An infinitesimal tendency to change
from a straigltt to a bent or buckled shape will, at the Euler load cause
the column so to bend. If we consider the inelastic stress-strain curve
of the material, the compressive load capacity without any bending is the
tangent-modulus load, Shanley having showed that if any load larger than
the tangent-modulus load is applied the column will start to bend.
1.4 Thus, the tangent-modulus load provides a strength criterion for the
ideally straight and centrally loaded column. In this connection, astatement
published in Bulletin No.1 of Column Research Council (of 'USA) may be
Part of the introduction is abstracted from the talk on 'Basic Column Strength' presented
by Dr. Bruce G. Johnston at the Fourth Technical Session of Column Research Council
and in the Proceedings of 1944.
15

.............. (1)
lSI HANDBOOIt roa STauC"li1uL ENOINUas : ITEEL COLl:M..tu AND STRun
quoted:
'It is quite generally accepted that the column strength may be
determined with satisfactory accuracy by the use of the tangent-modulus
method applied to a compressive stress-strain curve for the material, if
the material throughout the cross-section of the column has reasonably
uniform properties and the column does not contain appreciable residual
stresses. The strength of a column may be expressed by:
P ""Er
A = ~ L i
where
p
A ~ average stress in the column,
E.,. := tangent modulus (slope ofstress-strain curve) at stress i'fA, and
!C
L
= equivalent slenderness ratio of the column.'
,
1.5 In the elastic range, E; == E, and this substitution in equation (1) reduces
it to the Euler column formula. Equation (1) may be written:
KL = ./ E."
, V PIA (2)
1.5.1 In equation (2), if E.,.=E and PIA=f. (stress at proportional limit
of material), the KL/, so evaluated is the minimum slenderness ratio for
which the elastic buckling occurs.
1.6 Since the failure of the column, excluding the possibility of torsion,
is a matter of bending, one may catalogue the following two general categories
of 'effects' that influence bending behaviour in real columns. These result
in departure from the ideal column strength estimated by the tangent-
modulus theory.
a) Accidental factors that caus bending in the column to take place
below the tangent-modulus load:
1) Lateral loads,
2) End eccentricity, and
3) Column curvature or twist and non-homogeneity of material.
b) Fa':tolS that modify "sislanu to bnuJing:
1) Residual stress (may increase or decrease strength);
2) Variation in inelastic stress-strain characteristics, either
inherent in the material or as a result of prior tensile over-
strain in all or various parts of the column.
3) Shear strength;
4) Local buckling;
16
I&C11OIC I : OaMULAL
5) Shape of CI'OII-sectionj and
6) Lateral or end restraints (may increase strength).
1.6.1 One item bas been left out of the foregoing outline, that ill compres-
sive load, which in itself reduces bending stiffness. When an 'ideal' column
buckles at the Euler load it remains perfectly straight up to that load, then,
under an infinitesimal increment of load, suddenly buckles with indefinite
deflections within the range wherein the assumptions inherent in the Euler
derivation are valid. It would appear as if such an 'ideal' column suddenly
had lost all of its bending stiffness, since the slightest touch would cause it
to take any bent-position desired. This is not the case. Relatively small
axial load has little effect on bending stiffness, as measured by EI, but at
a gradually increasing rate, the bending stiffness reduces and as the Euler
load is approached the rate of loss is quite rapid. The bending stiffness
does become zero when the Euler load is reached but the variation is a
continuous function of load even though the buckling itself is a discontinuous
process.
1.7 If any generalization at all can be made about the list of facton that
affect the strength of a column it is obvious that it is impractical to
introduce them all in any mathematical way into anyone column formula.
On the other hand, various investigaton and designers in the past have
tended to over-emphasize one factor without a good enough look at the
others. One is reminded of the old folk tale of the blind men, feeling
various parts of an elephant, with each different man coming to a different
conclusion as to what an elephant really was. The uncertainty 81 to what
a column really is has been increased by virtue of the fact that even in
laboratory tests there are usually several factors affecting column strength
as determined by the testing machine. In attempting to explain any single
test by a mathematical formula, it is quite possible through over-empbasis
of anyone factor in any particular trial 'theory', unknowingly or otherwise,
to compensate for the effect of other factors that may co-exist in the tests
that may be omitted from the particular theory that is on trial. Thus. one
may take a given set of test data on concentrically loaded hinge-end columns
and show that the test results agree with the secant formula, assuming
accidental initial eccentricities of the required amount to make the theory
. fit the telt 6r, on the other hand, agree with an initial curvature theory by
am,ming an initial curvature of the required maximum amount. Thus.
there may be no proof at all that either eccentricity or curvature was the
dominating factor that should have been used in the theory.
2. QOL11MN DESIGN FORMUlA: AND SPECIFICATIONS
2.1 A! has been stated, the tangent-modulus formula provides the most
proper theoretical basis for relating the stress-strain properties of a metal
to the ideal column strength of the same metal. However, for design
purposa customary to determine any point on the column strength
curve, y in the case of a structural steel, as that load which will
17

III HANDBOOK roa rraUCTtJaAL &NOIHUItI : STaaL COLUMNS AND lTRun
cause initial yielding in an eccentrically loaded column of that particular
length. The eccentricity is arbitrarily assumed so as to give agreement
between the resulting strength formula and many column tests. This is
the basis for the permissible working stresses given in IS : 800-1956. The
actual formula (reduced from the column strength curve by a factor of
safety of 1-67) is given in Appendix D of IS : 800-1956 and is referred to
in Table I of that standard. It is noted that the assumed eccentricityis
in dimensionless terms : .
ec
;a = 015
Tables I and XIII of IS : 800-1956 give permissible average stress for
various 1/, ratios for structural steel and high strength structural steel res-
pectively. As noted in Appendix D of IS : 800-1956, when 1/, is greater
than ISO. the allowable stress given by the secant formula is modified by
a reduction factor which, in effect, introduces an increasing factor of safety
with I/r as the value of 150 is exceeded.
2.2 To facilitate interpolation, for each integer value of lIt from 1 to 180,
Table I (," p. 69) presents permissible stresses in agreement with '.1.2 and
Table I of IS : 800-1956, for structural steel conforming to IS : 226-1958.
2.3 The cross-sectional shape of various columns commonly used. in practice
is given in Table II (see p. 71). Also shown are approximate values of 'radii
of gyration for these sections. In the-case of the rectangular and circular
sections. the values indicated are closely approximate to the correct values
but for the built up section there, may be a considerable ftuctuation
because of the variation in relative cross-sectional dimensions.
2.4 To minimize steel requirements in column design, one should keep
the effective llr as small as possible so as to use the niaterial at the greatest
possible stress. The length is given in the general design drawing and tile
designer should select the cross-section that will provide the largest possible
radius of gyration without providing more area than is needed. Since
, = J~ t the largest radius of gyration is obtained when the material is
farthest from the centroid. For constant area this means that the material
gets thinner and thinner as the column size increases for any particular type
ofcross-section. This leads ultimately to such thin walls for any given column
cross-section that local bpckling becomes a problem and it is local buckling
that ultimately limits the size to which one may go. In some cases, in
order to get the material as far as possible. from the neutral axis, especiaUy
when only a small load is to be carried and the total area is small, angles
or channels are used. together with lacing or batten/latel to hold them in
position as shown in Table II. The lacing bars an batten p.lates are not
load ca.-rying elements. They function primarily to hold the load carrying
portions of the column in their relative positions and provide points. of
intermediate s u ~ t for each separate part of the built-up,column. Thus,
18

I&CTION I : OuaaAL
for minimum st-eel requirements, batten plates and lacing ban are econo-
mical only if the increase in permissible Itren for the load-carrying memben
permits a greater reduction in weight than is added by lacing or battens.
2.5 A column designed as centrally loaded may be accidentally loaded
eccentrically or may start to bend. In such cases, there will be variable
bending moments induced because ef'the eccentricity between the centroidal
axis of the column and the resultant line of action of the applied load.
As a result of the varying bending moment that is induced there will be
related shearing forces in the plane of the cross-section and the lacing,
batten plates, or other connecting elements should be designed to be adequate
to resist this shearing force. In 21.2 of IS : 800-1956, this is arbitrarily
taken as 25 percent of the direct load for which the column is designed.
In the case of very short columns, the shearing force is induced primarily
by the eccentricity of load whereas in long columns, it is primarily induced
by bending. Some authorities consider that the connecting parts should be
designed for the shear that would be developed when the column has finally
buckled at its full load and in buckling has reached the yield point.
2.6 An important determining factor in the design of a column is the 'effec-
tive length' as influenced by end restraint conditions. There are two types
of restraints, namely, position restraint or restraint against movement
to the of the column and direction restraint or
aplDst angular rotation at the end of the column. Each type of restraint
may exist about either or both axes and the conditions at the opposite ends
of the column may be different. A complexity of possible combinations
results but some of the more usual conditions of restraint are J?ictured in
Appendix G (Fig. 1 to 15) of IS : 800-1956. Design examples will illustrate
the use of these figures which provide interpretation of 18.1 and Table V
of IS : 800-1956.
2.7 Maximum permissible slenderness ratios are given in 18.2 and Table VI
of IS : soo.I956 and minimum thickness of local elements is given in
terms of ratios of width to thickness in 18.4 and in Tables VI and VII of
that standard.
2.8 The design of a column base slab is also covered in this Handbook
. as provided-in 18.8 of IS : 800-1956.
2.9 Additional reductions in permissible stress for single struts or discon-
tinuous struts are provided in 18.9 of IS: 800-1956 with allowable stresses
for single angle struts given in Table X of that standard.
2.10 If bending moments are introduced into the column at axial loads
be10\\" the buckling load, the column is sometimes called a 'column-in-
bending' and rules for design of such members are given in 9.5 of
IS : 800-1956 covering bending and axial stresses. The bending moment
in a beam-column may be introduced either by lateral load, or by end
eccentricity and the assumed allowances for end eccentricity are given
in ILl aftd Table IX of IS : 800-1956.
19

SECTION II
DESIG'N O'.ClNTRALLY LOADED COLUMNS
s, INTaODUCDON
3.1 11ae crou-sectional shape of a centrally loaded column dependa very
largely OIl whether the column is long or short and whether it carria a
small or Jjrge load. Therefore, design examples will show alterDative
selectioDl suitable for the following load and length conditions:
al Short columns with .man loads,
b Short columns with large loads,
c Loug columns with small loads, and
d Long columns with intermediate loads.
3.2 The design examples will be discussed under me fonowing headings
pertaining to the column type rather than the length and load category:
a Circular cress-section,
b Single angle,
c Double &nJle,
d H-beam WIth welded cover plates,
. e Single cell box,
Lacedcolumns, and
gl Batten plate columns.
3.3 In summary, the design problem of a centrally loaded column includes
the following steps:
a) Make an initial approximation of the average allowable streuF.;
b) Determine the required area to carry the load at the estimated
allowable stress A=-P/F
c
;
c) Select a column section that will provide the estimated required
area along with as large as possible a radius of gyration consistent
with clearance requirements and minimum thickness limitations;
d) Calculate the radius of gyration;
e) Determine the effective slenderness ratio based on the estimated-
effective length according to 18.1 of IS : 800-1956;
C) Determine allowable stress from Table I as based on 1.1.2 of
IS: 800-1956; and
g) Repeat steps (a> to (f), if necessary, with' a revised estimate of
allowable column stress.
3.4 In makinK the yreliminary estimate of allowable stress, reference mav
be made to Table with a rough approximation of the probable lIre In
the case of very ahort columns, or columns of any reasonable lengt&with
very heavy loads, the IJ, ma}: always be made reasonably small. In such
a case the allowable stress will vary but little and a good estimate may be
made at the outset.
20


4. IIIORT COLUMNS WITH SMALL LOADS
4.1 Col.... 01 CIreaIar ero..-Secdoa (SII De8Ip ........ 1)-
The circular cross-section may be either a solid round or a hollow cylindrical
tube. Any circular cross-section has the same radius ofgyration every
centroidal axis and the thin wall hollow tube provides the most effective
possible disposition of material for a circular column that has the same
equivalent length with respect to all axes. For a more complete discussion
of tubular members, reference should be made to lSI Handbook for Struc-
tural Engineers on Use of Steel Tubes as Structural Matero.l (under
preparation) .
Local buckling will not occur in the walls of a circular tube until very
large ratios of radius to thickness are introduced. For practical purposes,
allowing for imperfections in manufacture, it is customary to require that
the tube radius be no more than about 65 times the wall thickness. Thus,
for a tube having minimum permissible wall thickness of 63 DUD the maxi-
mum radius should be about 400 rom. Minimum wall thickness permitted
for tubes not exposed to weather is 32 mm (SII6.3 of IS : 806-1957).
Circular columns are especially recommended for exposed use in regions
of heavy wind. The wind forces on such columns are minimized and are
independent of direction.
In the following pages, designs of different types of sections used as short
struts are compared for a small axial load. As a first example, tubular
section is taken up for illustration. Then the other types follow. It is
to be noted that the required area of cross-section for the tube is leu than
either the single or double angle struts designed.
4.2 ",Ie Aalle Strata (SI' De8ip kample 2) - The permissible
stress in single angle struts connected by a single rivet or bolt is penalized
by 18.9.1.1 of IS : 800-1956 because of the eccentricity of connection.
But when connected by a weld or by two or more rivets or bolts in line along
the angle af each end, the permissible stresses in accordance with Table I
of this Handbook or Table I of IS : 800-1956 are applicable without any
reduction, because of the end restraint effect that reduces the effect of
.eccentricity. The effective length I should be taken as equal to the length
centre to centre of connections.
4.3 Doable Strau (se, De.... kample 3) - The double angle
strut is more effective and efficient than the single angle strut, Dot only
because of the greater permitted working stress, but alsobecause the angles
do not tend to buckle about either oftheir individual principal axes in
of which the radius of gyration is the minimum. All other things being
equal, if the long legs are placed back to back, the beat balance ofradii of
gyration about the two axes of the combined section will be olftaiDed.
Attention. is called to the required use of stitch rivets to cmure integral
combined action of the two angles.
21

JlANl)M)()1t PO. ITaUC'n1aAL UOINUIlI : ITU.L COLUMNS A."fD STRUTS
- - ---. - - - -- - - - .. - - - - _. - - - - .....
DellI" Ixample I ,_
of
Tubular Strut I
Load P ::z 10 t
Length 1 :a 3 m
axial comprcuive suea F.:a: 1 000 ka/c:m'
A_ ed 10 000 10 '
nn:ia requir n - -rDOO" em
Minimum wall thiekneu - 4 mm ($II 6.3 of IS : 806-1957)
TO8O-mm nominal bore x-O-48.S; em (SII IS : 1161.1958)
Area A == 12-8 em'
Radius oIlYNtion - V -= 298 em
Allowable F, - 884 kg/ern
l
(III '.1.2 of IS : 800-1956
and Table I this
Handbook).
Allowable load - 884 x 128-II SOO ... or 113 t
>10 t OK.
22

'min
aCTION II: DUION OP CENTRALLY LOADED COLUMNI
0..;,. aM",_ Z-Si,.,l. A,.". Serul
nil aaN Uu/ieGIIs JlVlral trial s,ltioIUktuling toananlU tJaal provUUs a cajHlcily oj1261.
II is to".IMI tlUll OMofeM triGl duif1U IuuJ to IHmodifwd becauuth6outslilndint withJalllliattus
,atio oftJu tJIIIl.", UHJS excessiv. For sin," anglt -......_ ..
struts, tIM maximum pmnitud withh/thickness ratio Desll" Example 1
is 14 tu cortI/JtI',d with 16 for otJwr outstands, This I
limitalUm is usi,abk b,causl 1M singl, angle strut of
WJUJlly "","s 1M neares: to torsional huckling of any Sin". Anile Strut I
,011.'s.1 mmabtr.
- -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -----------_.........-...
(Equal legs for maximum 1min)
Auume two rivets at eaeh end.
Allowable stresses in accordance with Table I and lL9.1.1 (b) of IS : 800-1956
Trw, for l/, = 120=300. ,=25 em
OJ , ,
Allowable F, = 709 kg/eml (ut Table I of this Handbook)
Area required = I =141 em
l
Try ISA 100 100, 8 mm.
A = 1539 em
t
'_In = 195 em
1/, = 300 = 154-
195
Allowable F. =: 472 kg/em
t
Allowable load = 472 X 1539=7 250 Good.
Try ISA 130 130, 8 mm.
A =: 2022 em-
'min = 255 em
300
llr =: rn = 118
Allowable F, z= 726 kg/em
t
Allowable load == 726 x 2022:: 14 700 kg -- over design
Tr;yISA 110 110, 8 rom.
.If == 17,02 emS
= 214 em
300
1/, == rn = 140
Allowable F, . :lIE 559 kg/em
l
Allowable load = 359 x 1702 =9 500 Good.
Therefore, ISA 130 130, 8 mm is the mOlt economical section because other sections
with required area and 'min have greater weigh; per metre.
Check outstanding}
ISO -= 16'25> 14-No Good (S', ILt.! of IS: 800(1956)
Iq T
Effective width - 14 x8 -=112 nun
Effective area - 173 em' (according to 11.4.1.1 of IS : 800(1956)
.o\IIowable F. .. -726 ka/an'
AllowabIe IoMI - 0-726 x 175-126 t ...... OK.
------------------------------------------------
OIl &hat Cor compudnl the full ana of tbe ouwandlna may be tUeD. in
..... CMe"' (........eeaceoi IS: 100-19-'6).
23

III HANDBOOK POR lTRucnJIlAL UfOINUltl: IT&&L OOLUIOII AND .TaL,..
D..... ...",. 3 - DoubH A,.,le S".",
(LM,Ir "" hid to bd etmntMJ 10 bolla sidu of tJ lo-mm gwSlI by two ';l1ItI)
....-..
D_lln E.amp'e J I
of
Double Anile Strut I
Load and length are the same as in Design Examples 1 and 2
Tty 2 ISA 90 60, 6 mm.
A ICI 2 X 865= 173 em
l
r. lIZ 286 em
r" == 255 em (from lSI Handbook for Structural Engineers:
I. Steel Sections)
l/'mID - = lIB-No length reduction is auumed.
Allowable r, as 726 kg/em
l
[SI' IU.l.2 (b) of IS: 800-1956]
Allowable load lei 726 X 173II:: 12 550 kg-over design
Try 2 ISA 80 50, 6 mm longer legs back to back.
A II:IZ 1492 em-
'. == 254 em
'. cr 2-16 cm
300
llr... - m -139
Allowable F, -= 565 kg/emf
Allowable load - 0565 x 1492-8-42 t-No Good.
Adopt 2 ISA 90 60, 6 mm only,

==L
---Il.-.o"""
'_Ia of ISA CD 128 em
.luimumc/coC.dtcbriveta - J28xSO-64 em <_ 22.5 of IS:8QO;.1956)
(Ule @ SO em clc.)
24
SECTION II: DESIGN OF C!.NTRALLY LOADED COLUMNS
Double angle struts are frequently used in single plane truss construction
and it is common practice in the chords to put the short legs of unequal
angles, back to back, on opposite sides of gusset plates, so as to provide the
overall truss with greatest stiffness against lateral bending out of the plane
of the truss,
5. SHORT COLUMNS WITH LARGE LOADS
5.1 H-Beam with Welded Cover Plate (see Design Example 4)-
The H-beam by itself is a very commonly used column cross-section and the
design of a number of such columns is provided later in Design
Example 9 pertaining to a complete building column design. In the Design
Example 4 the load is considerably greater than that in the building design
example and it is necessary to add cover plates to the H-beam cross-section.
This introduces the design of connecting welds as a function of required
shear strength. '
5.2 Slagle Cell Box Section (see Design ExaDlple 5) - The single cell
closed box cross-section provides a very effective column, similar to the hollow
tube, in that the material is disposed nearly as far as possible in all directions
from the central axis and it is convenient to provide about the same radius
of gyration about all axes. Although the built-up box section requires
more work of fabrication, because of the longitudinal welds, it is made of
plates or channels that cost less than a cylindrical tube. As in the case of
the cylindrical tube, a box section is immune from torsional buckling but
shall be checked as to width/thickness ratios of plate segments.
25

III HANDBOOK ,oa IT1lUCTURAL ENGINEERS: STEE.L COLUMNS STIlL,..
"..... Ese4-SIaort s.n.ulor Lq, ..4sUt1 Loab-HB,.". willa JJ'fldtfl CoHr PIal..
TIw I.. is 500 t 01 50 ti""s of 1M' givm ;ft Dlsi,,. Examp" 1 but I'" 1"'Ith ,IIII4iItJ ,Itt
UfW til tilt. ""Ir,s. FOl" sutlra lare lJ4 it is obvitnu llult 1/, will IN stIUIll a"da 'ar" tIl,.,.6It
IIraI is tU.".,d at tiu start, As soon as tlr, basit L-----------....---I
ISHB s,ction is s61tcttd it ;.1 possibu to maUtJ dou Dnilit I.ample .. ,_
JnXi"""Um of tlu rad;w of g,ration SUtu llu 'OIJI' .... 1
""'J "..., INput on wid. 10 maJu 1M '. of
.......... RIji"ntt is mad, to Tabl II to ,s,imtJu Des.p of Cover Platee 2
1M'.' Aft" a s,l,etioft ofplaus that ar, a/J!Wdimal,ly
.. ,,,,,A to baltIIIU 'III ,adii of ,y,ation about r- ......._ ..
NM"tS, 1M oulsttUUli"l witlthltlaickfllss ,atitl H.1o"" tla, H-btam u clwktd a"d slMnJtl H less
.. 16. rial rest of th calcullliions tn, s,1j ,Jt/JItmakwy. . '
-- -.. - - -- ... - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -'- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -.. - - -
P = 5OO-l 1:=3 m
Small 1/,-Trial F, = I 200 kg/em'
Area required := =417 em'
1200
I
,
!
-l
r- 'If I

132 717 em
4
Area = 1179-+2 X 146..409,9 em'
'" CIC V
l 32
727 == 18 cm
4iJ:9
(,_ steater than 18'5-no need to check)
'. is Ina than predicted but probably
ISHB 450, 92'-5 kg
A = 11789 em' '.-=18'5 em ',==5,08 em
Add plates-inereac '. and '. to about 19
Predicted II' = =16 Predicted F.= I 228 kg/em'
500 000
Area required = TI28:a 4070 em'
rea supplied by 15HB 450 == !lU.em'
Balance JaS 289,1 em'
2891 ,
.. -2- = 145 COli required per cover plate
Rdeninl fo Table II :
Approx,. = 021 b 19=:0,21 b (021 is low ifplatea are wide)
19
:. Assume b = 0,25 =76 em
T'7 75X 2 em cover plate as in the sketch.
Check outstanding width: thickness ratio
24
= 2' ::: 12 less than 16 .... OK ($II 1.....1of IS: 800-1956)
Check radius oof gyration
J.-H Section == 3 045 em!
lof plates = 4 = 129 672
26
SECTIO:-r II: DEIION OP CI.NTIlALLY LOADED COLU!4XS
2
of
2
Desl... "amp'e 4
D," of Cover Plat.
W.ld.
W.lth ., _s;IIIIIIfor a sJua,of 2S/Jn,mt of 1M
axUJIlul Of' J25I. It is 10b, noudthat 1M continuous ....----------....
WlltIs til ,,,,II ",d shou:d b, as grtat as 1M maximum
wit/til of'MJlMts joint,d.
- -- - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ....._--------_.......-..
0'115 tfem per weld greater than Y. -0-11
t/cm ..... OK
Clear .cIia&aAce between welds 220
-11iiCb. or ihiOn"t plate :II: i:f' - 1605> 161 but may be penaitkcL
Ute (I" X. em @ 30 em clc intermittent.
I,'r "= ~ = 1667 F.= I 227 kg/em.
. 500000 .
Area required =- ~ =408 em' (near enough to 4099 em
t
provided)
..... OK.
D,s;',. tDlinti,., wtldsfor sAto, of 2'5 /JIt't,,,t OfP (.ft, 12.2.1 of IS: 800-1956)
Y = 0025 X 500= 125 t
Shearing force per unit length, V, = !.p
lz of H..Beam = 40 3-4-99 ~ 40 350 em!
J. of plates == 161 352 em
Total I. Zt: 201 702 e m ~
a.- == 146x 23,5=3 431 em'
12'5x3431 ,
Y, == 201 702 X 2t ==0,11 tJcm per weld
Cover plate 2 em thick requires minimum fillet weld of 60 nun (m Table I and
1.2.2 of IS: 816-1956)
Shear value for weld per em length -= 06 x O'70: X 1.()2S:
::'C 0'43 t/cm per weld
Tr:1 01)( 8 em @ 90 eme/e intermitttnt.
8
3lf X 0-49 =
. ~ :
, 1
27

III HANDBOOK POR STRUCTURAL ENOINEERI: STEEL COLUMNS AND STRvn
t
.....---17c. ----..
d
I
::I6e"
1
.-.---------I-:'J-.,
J
.....---b---...
I
,
Trial u"ion
25-mm plate)
Area of 2 plates 46 X25 em =m 230 em
l
Area of 2 plates S6x 25 em == 180 em.
Total ::I 410 em'
5x36I
1. of the two 36-cm plates = -12-
:c; 19 500 em.
1. of the two 46-cm plates == 46 X 5 x 1925' == 85 200 em
t
104 700 em
/i047OO
, =:V ~ =16em
300
1/, =: 16==19
Allowable F, Ell 1 225 kg/em
t
Area required ... 5f2:-408cm1o=area provided..OK.
Ule diaphrapDI or capl @ eachend to seal out air and hold the erosa-sectionahape.
------------------------------------------------
n t l c l ~ u n lbape boa teedoa II more eea.omical but Ia the pnleDt cue, &he loacI ~
~ dae N ~ ~ ..... ", ......... tberel'ore. Cor any b:creue iD,. the efFect OIl .........
.....1. aDd pracdCaIlylaOecoDOIDy II aCbieYed.
28

I&C'I'IOIC D: omaN O. CBNTIlALLY LOAD&D OOLUIINI
6. LONG COLUMNS wrra SMALL LOADI
..1 J.-. ~ o a MemIIer for Small I..-.l (- ......
B._pie 6) - t is generally efficient to use laced channel sectioaI ~ r
long compression members carrying a small load. Therefore, in the c:IeIiJrn
exampe illustrated also, it is tint expected that laced channels would proviClc
a suitable cross-section. However, a closed box section turns out to be the
logical development subsequent to the initial trial of a laced channel
section.
29
III PO. ITaUCTtJRAL ENOIND..: Itt&L COLUMNS AltD ITaUTI
I
of
J
D...", I.amp'. 6
..... .... 6-Lo", Cornpreuion fer S..." LoU
..... ltJatJ is small and 1M column ltmt, 1M sltutint point in this des;,n is till ,..,...,.,., ,.
..,. 1/, ,atio btlow tM maximum ptrmissi61, VtIlw of 180. The ;,.;lio1 4SSUWtMI
simi illJtIIt corrtsptmding to an llr of 180. 0,. this .... ..._ ...
1MriI. ,., ISLe 150, 14'41cg cluuaMls art found to
" llllifl-Itwy and Ilvir capacifY is_found at one, to 6, 1- -1
"..,., IJwa "guirtd. HOWlvtr, the jlangts ar, tH Tria. Deslln w.th Laced
c..".,."JorfabrUation to mak, ,;r:tl,d lacing
""', /MsilJu bilUSI of IN insufficient clearanc j", Channels
6dVv", th rivets. ISje 150,9'9 kg 'MnMls
till IriIdMIlfound to bejwt sufficient.

Load p==10 t; Effective length 1= 10 m (No bracing possible)
Tbe problem is to obtain maximum r with minimum sectional area.
Vie 2 channels or 4 angles with battens or lacing ban.
rrMl INs;,n c"sin, ChtlllMls
Minimum depth of channel for I/r=180 is determined as follows:
,_ == 0-36d* =rmln
= 180; tl= 155 em
Try ISLe 150, 14'4 kg
A=:2 x IB36em'==3672 em'
'. == 616 em
:\'OTE - By choosil18 6. '. can be made equal 10 '.
1000
1/,_ = &i6==162
Allowable F. == 427 kg/em' (m Table I)
Allowable load = 0'427 x 3672::::: 157 t-over daip
Tr::v ISj C 150. 9'9 kg
A=:2 x 1265em'=253 eM'
'. = 616 em
1000
1/,- -= '&16== 164
Allowable F. = 416 kc/cm
'
Allowable load == 0416X253== 105 t OK..
Approx b to make " -='. (sa 21.1.1 and ILLI of
IS: 800-]956)
040 6 c:: 616
6 = 154 em Adopt 61:::16 em
till of web
dlt = 150-2 x 56=:38 <45 (_lLUof
IS: 800-1956)
Check '.
I, :m 2 x 1265 (8-166)'+2 X379
-= 1 090 em'
" _A / 1 090 == 655 em ...OK.
"V . 25.9
Battenlor 1acinp are required. (These will not be designed here. Ep.,.,. ot
tbeIedesipa win be given under 7.)

...Table II OIl .... 71.
30

UCTION U: DEIIOH OF CENTRALLY LOADaD
2
.f
3
0.1... E.ample ,
LtJa.,s OT haUntS will ... 10 " WId in CtJSI tA,
.sip "SltMt J is tUIo/J;'tl. &tum;", to till on,intJI
ultion qf two ISI J50, it is obvitnu IMI tlte blst ....--r--------...
wo"is Is lUI thes in tltefiorm 01' tI closldboxS;1I&, ",is Flha 0.11" with Welded
Channel. a Box
,limi1UJlls tIw nec,ssity to WI battln plaus or lating
ba1s, wlaieh in tltnns,lzo,s carry no lotJd, Y'l tulti 1o1M ...----------........- ..
to/ol s.1 ,'quir,m,nl. Thl widtJalthidcnlss ratio of the ,"b of a compression mlmHr mtI)' P tU
Ai," as 80 but only 45 t is alloWld tIS cont,ibutinf to wifulload capacil)'. The wtb of the ISLe
J50 is satisfactory in thi"s/JI"andtill dettJils of uildingupchannels with b(J(k-up stripstoprouitM
a .ulIisftory weld (111 shown "",. The llr is found to bejust under J80 and the column ctlJNl&il.1
of tit, box section is about 25perc,nt more than tha: required.

.\5 an alternative, if a solid welded box is desirable:
Try ISLe 150, 144 kg
A
2 x 18,36=36,72 em:
r-
616 r,
I, 2:< 1836 (7j-238)'+2 X 1032
1 169'0 em!
1Scm
L
r.
:._>V
l
169'0=5'64 em
3672-
1/,.
= 1000=177'1
564
C2038cm
F, 350 kg/em'
75cm p
0330 x 1836 x 2


DETAIL AT A
J283 t greater than 10 t .... OK.
Size of weld
= thickness of flange atend
(78- 6
2
,. tan 15)
7'80-0,92
-= 688 mm
Weld to be continuous

W HANDBOOK FOR ITRUcrultAL E.NOINItI.RS: STEEL COLC)lNI AND STaUTI
F .. ,.., "","lin (10 m) trtlllS7ltillint G srull Dell... hample' J
lMI (ff, "9, 9 10 10 I) tU illllais lXampl6, 1M hollow .f
9IiltJlii.l "'" is comJHlrtJbl6 10 1M box,d cluztaMl Alternatl D.IIII with
.... Tube
------- - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - ...._-------_........-..
TrW INn". Using Tub,s
Tr;,1S nominal bore 150 ($II IS: IIt'I-1958) 1651 em OD by 5-4 rom wan thiclme.
A == 271 em
l
, - 565 em
1000
1/, - 5.65
.. 177 (Border line Cor 1/, of main memben)
Allowable F. - 353 kg/em
l
Allowable load - o-S53x271
- 96t
Because of small loads, a tube or closed box is obviously economical of Heel. Laced
battened column of amaller 1/, would be of comparable wa,ht becaUIC: or non-ltrell
anyiDs material.
32

SECTION n: DUION OF C&MTaALLY LOAD&D COLUMNa
7. LONG COLUMNS WITH INTERMEDIATE :tOADS
7.1 LacecI Colama. (SII De.......pl. 7) - For either very heavy or
very light loads the use of solid box or hollow tube columns seems more
economical of steel but for intermediate loads the i&ed or batten plate
column may be selected. The lacing ban or battenjlate serve to hold the
load carrying portions of the column in position an shall be designed for
the shear requirement as previously explained, Lacing ban are more
effective.than batten plates in resisting shear since they cause the column to
act as a truss.
7.2 .ttea Plate Co11llll1l. (su De.......p1e 8) - It is to be noted
that the batten plate column, according tQ 22.1.2 of IS : 800.1956, shall
not be used where the compression members are subjected in the plane of
the battens to eccentricity of loading.
33

III HANDBOOK FOR ITaVCTURAL POINDU: S.TEEL A:sn STRl"'CS
D..... 7-Le,., Compr",ion MIJfIMr for Inln'lfIflli.ol, Lotul
'T1tI load is 100 t and 1M lnagth 11 m. A.fortunate jwelimiru:wy IstimtJle of lIN tWnGl'
t--issibll slress as btJJed on em Istimaud 1/, of 92 Itmtsout to be alright and two c/um,..ls lit,
Sllected with a caPacity jwt a littl 0"", ...----------....---1
loadof t. of 1M .,han",ls Deslln Example 7 I
." IIIntId out to lat'/Ilate nvellllg of lae,,,, bars.
TtIIM II provi*s tift eslimeu as to how fa, apa,t ....----...... -----... of
1M duJnnlls should H btl/c-to-btl/c to balancl theradii S.lectlon of Section 2
ofvr4lilm about 1M X.X andY-Y axes.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ....----------...--4
Load p=lOOt; Effective length I = 11 m
LM,dClaalWls - (Probably ISLe 300, 33'1 kg or ISLe 400, 45 7 kg channels required)
Preliminary estimate , c::: 300 x 04 = 12 em
llr = I "'" 92; Allowable F. = 950 Itg/em'
11'11
AUowable F,
Allowable load
A = 49'47x2=98'94cm'
1372 em-by choosing 6,
'tl may be made equal to '"
1 100
13.72 = 804
1 036 kg/em'
1036x 9894-
1025 t ..... OK.
Spacing .hould provide equal/I,_ and 1/,,,
ASl\lme'it ;:z: 06 b (set Table II)
1372
b c:: ""0=6=22'9 em
Try II -= 22 em
I, 2 X 4947 (11'0+2'41)'
+2 X 395= 18 581 an
'., ::a: Vl8 581/9894 =- 137 em
11,_ _ 1 100 == SO.5
J3:7
Allowable F, 1 OS5 kg/em
l
OK.
Allowable load :::: 1035X g&.94
1008 t .. OK.
Single lacing ban @ 60
0
to the axis of the member.
Check 1/, of channel between lacing connections.
1= 32x2=37cm
y3
'" of ISLe 350, 388 kg==282 em
37
1/,. lIZ: fftD;J31 <07 x80 ..... OK
(SII 21.' of IS : 800-1956)
7011"1'
1
b ---......1 =- .!-OO =105 em'
. 950
- ----4---- Try two ISLe 350, 388 kg laced as shown in the
I sketch.
22c:",
-t--
--------t------
34

SECTION II: DaslON OF C1NTRALLY LOADED COLUMNS
2
of
2
Dlln of Laclnp
D.11ft Example 7
H", Ih6 principtJl tUsip problnn is 1Mdlsip of
1M ltuin{ btlts. A trial layout wing jlal bars is
SMWft Willa tJ1J ..,11 of 60 b,1wun sucussive bars. 1-----------_
Ths l/r of 1Mindir.,idual chtmnll bllw,m lacing and
oMlditnu is d,ck,d and found 10 IH well b,/ow the
maximum JIm1Iissibu limit. .------------....--41
1M us, ofjlat bars for lacing is usuallysuitable _for very muzll columns bUI ,II" jltUb., '"41 h,
cJuuag,tllo anglls or ClumMI SIC'ions for larln columns and varioru schmw, sueh til X brill,
may6, inlrodut,dtofill 1Mr,quirmamts. A lae,dcolumn wingangustIS ladn, bMS will 1M tlaipld
in DIng,. Exampll 10 for tJ sllpp,d mill building column' can;yinf tJ C1tIM lDtuJ. Tlu IIIuilI
str""th tmtl rivet Vdlues ar, cMcUd and ar, found to hi atl,qllall. Compr,ssio,. strl1l,11I is ..
cOnlrolling factDr.
Ti6 plaUs ar, r,quit-,dat 'lUla nul but theirdesi,,. is tM StJtM asfor bat",. plalucovn,tl b.7 olin-
MI;w DlSign Example 8. '

Lacing BMS
Minimum width .. 50 nun (su 21.3 of IS: 800-1956)
370
Minimum thicknesa a: 40 -925 mm (SII 21.4 of IS: 800(1956)
Try SOx 10 rnm bar-,. - 0289 em
37
1/,. Ia ro:28-= 128<145 .... OK (- 21.2.S or
IS: 800-1956)
F. - 644 kg/em
l
Allowable load - 644 X5-=3 220 q
Shear capacity, 2 ban (one on either aide)
- S22x2xO866.-S58 t >25 percent the
load or 100 (-25 t) . OK.
Check teDIile .treDfth - l6-mm rivet
17-1D1D rivet bole
1 (50-17) 1420xG-866x2 - 81 t>2S t. - - - .OK.
17'
One l6-mmahop rivet JDisiDlIe abear - 1-025 XT X. - 2-32 t
BeariDI - 2 S60x 17x 1 - .. t
..... shear' acmma. 232 X 2>2-5 t shearcapacity required OK.
Supplyde pla.fleacb ad-cIeaip II for batteDpJMee1ia DedpB......L
35
III HANDBOOK FOR STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS: STEEL COLUMNS AND ITIltrn
D_i&ra &ampl_ 8-Ale.r"". D.'i&n U.i,., B.,." PI... '0 Reploee Lori",
1M crosl-_tiM m4kI up is th6 IIIIM asfar tit, liIud column in D,si". &ampll 7, Mnu tAu 1IIId
nol " "/JIaud.lrtitially, tlat code JWovision isfollowld and tM battnas arl/JUt in wWa ,. mMimum
s/Nl&inl b,twun """esl rivlls .MJ tIS to /WovUh lUI "... ...
(/, 1j'lO ma.rimum ., O' 7 timls 1M 1/, of1M mnnb" Deilin Example I
tU .. w"'''. TIll II' df 50 UJOJJ4 .: ,nmt and tht 1- .....

" .. is Wdc,tl/., 1M trI01MIt "Stdliltg.frMn 1M DeslE of a.tten 2
sJwr of 25 iJ'rena' o{ till u* luJ UJlUeh in this pacln..
e4U is 25 I. .AWIIIJ&t com/JtJriMa sMwS that th6.
6tJtlera pl4u collllM "tplires less total CtmllUWr stlllfor bdttms tJum aMS 1M lac,tlcol",""for laan,
btUs.
1m 64 mm ($1122.4 of IS: 800-1956)
,ao -
._-------_.--.....
. ._--&0._
Shear S == 0025 X 100=2'5 t
Maximum spaCing)" _ 50 X 282 ac 141 em (su 22.5 of IS: 800-1956)

M
the kn 320
1?lmUOl IC ell - 50
Use 71-mm plate.
4 rivetl on each side.
Rivet group.,- Ie: 2 (15
1+51
) - 500 em
l
tl ca 175 em, .... 32em
,100 .......--...
.....----- .".0 c.- C TO C IMTINI ----.....
Loqitudinal mear (.- 22.2.1.1 of IS: 800-1956) :
F 25x 175 _ 6-84 t
I - 2x32
Moment (SIC 22.2.1.1 of IS: 800-1956) :
.M _ 2Sx 175 109. t
2x2 em
1-"
107.5J
Sheu - - 1'71 t
IeDcIioc .traI- - -3'27 t
Raultant load - V327'+171
1
- 364 t
. 2Sx71 x2
BeuiDI value of 22 mm nvet - 100 x 1000
- 380 t>S64 t . OK.

36

SECTION II: DUIGN OF CENTIlALLY LOAnKO COLUMNS
1,. or" 10 IIUW' IJuu local .f4il"" of IhI nuaUl Deslan "amp'e 2
uwnJxmItW .ar b4tlna 'OMItINtIS doIs not "'" .....
du 10loedl tombiMdsfrus tlw 10 blndu., (41 (J ,,11I" .pac"f a.ttenl .f
of 1M Jllrunl transwrs, shM6 in lJ4ttms) tIIIII .-....ce4 2
axial lHl, 1M $IdioM 111' ,hld,d and 1M to'"
ctmllJiltld fi/w. stress is limilld to 1 575 kllma
l
b.1 1-----------...-...
,1duM, tfw sJHIMI of bGttms.
- -ch;ek i;th; -th;
IS: 800-1956, it is considered necessary).
Moment = 125X 725 = 906 em-t
Z. (on channel) 1:1I 52 em' 'as. 'JSt
f. = I 250X 725 == 1 740 kg/em'
52
Average colUOlnf. :::: 1 035 kg/em'
CombiDcclf.+f.loca1ly =- 2 775 kg/em'
Non- er-..ectioo Z. - 52 ani wu UNd.
R.educed spacing is required to allow I 575 kg for local
combined Itrea.
1 575-1 035 tm 540 k,/an'
is available for local bendinas.
Thespacingn:quiredia1s: X 145 = 45 em
With this lower spacilll adopt 2 rivetl of 22 mm at
10 em c/c instead of 4 of 22 mm at 10 em cleo
6GUM sJNM:inl
Check rivet IttuI:
F
1
= -= 2-15t
M = 34-6em-t
MOIl """. rioI':
215
Shear :.: -2- == 11 t
M6x5
"Bending at 2'X5i az 3-46 t
Resultant load V(346)1+(11)'
364 t<38 t beanna value
of 22 mm rivet ..... OK.
Weilbt comparison -laced Wf'nu battened
Laced-4 ban == 4X 1X42X .5 em'
per 37 an of column
:=I 177 kg/m of column
(taking density of structural steel as
000785 q/cm
l
)
Battened-2 platn := 2 X 20 X 42 X 007em'
per 5.5 em of column
168ka/m length of column
37

SECTION III
COLUMNS IN MULTI-STOREY BUILDINGS
.. INTRODUCTION
8.1 For a general treatment of the design of steel frames for multi-storey
buildings, reference should be made to lSI Handbook for Structural
Engineen on Multi-Storey Steel Framed Structures (under preparation)
wherein the problem of multi-storey building column design will be treated
in greater detail with reference to both vertical loads and lateral wind loads.
8.2 In the design example to follow, the details regarding distribution
of load to a typical building column for dead plus live load only are given.
Special design aspects related to column splices, eccentricitx of floor load,
and base plate design are included. Several typical budding columns
are shown clearly at the left side of Fig. l , The column splices should
be noted.
9. BtJILDlNG COLUMN DESIGN FOR DEAD PLUS LIVE LOADS
(SII .... Esample 9)
9.1 The building column in question will be designed for a full silt-storey
height of a building that includes a set-back. In the top four storeys, the
column is at the exterior of the building with corresponding eccentricities
of load, and in the first two and basement storeys it becomes an interior
column with centric load. The basement column will be designed as a
cased column.
9.2 In calculating the loads on multi-storey building columns, reference is
made to IS : 875-1957. From Table I of IS : 875-1957 the loading is
taken at 500 kg/rn
l
of area and the imposed roof load is taken as ISOkg/raJ.
Reference is 'aIio made to the reduction in imposed floor load on columns
u given in 5.1 of IS: 875-1957. A uniformly distributedIoad of
400 kg/m
l
for weight of floon plus 100 kg/m'A for partitions is assumed on
aU ftoon. The fint floor is designed for a heavier live load of 1 000 kg/m!
.and a total dead load of 750 kg/mi.
38
tiECr:r
10 N
III: CCLtoMNS YVLTI-ITOIUtY BUILDINGS
,

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III: COLUMNS IN T1-STOREY BUILI>IN05
Dulin Example' 2
of
Details of Loads 14
r-
6IT
'-r-
sm
i
1
75m
J
FLOOR IlL LJ. REDUCED I.L COMBINATIOf\ ..\LTERNATIt
OF LoADS AS CoLUMN
REDUCED DESIGN LoAD
[(2) +(4)]
(1) (2)
(3) (4) (5) (6)
Roof 3625 3375 337.5 9000 900
..
6th Fl 18000 11250 10125 28125 37'125
5th FI 18000 11250
9000 27000 64'125
..th FI 18'()()() 11250
787.) 2587r) 9000
3rd PI 23625
1462:-) 8'77.1
3240() 12240
2nd FI 22300
22j()() 11250 156'15
1st Fl 33700
4:'),000 22500 .16200 2123:;
(All values in 1l1..-tric tonnes.)

Doa DO& InclucWcInd weitht or columns.
41

151 HANDBOOK FOR STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS: STEEL COLUMNS ITIlUTS
Sinc thetopcolumn runsfrom,levation710 to77'5, Dellln ample t J
lM design load is estimated al approximauly midway 1------------..
between tlu .fifth floor and ,oof with an approximate Column a.tween 5th of
allowance of 190 kglm the weight of this Floor and Roof 14
of IhI column together with encasement. As UI thl
cas, of a centrally loaded column the darting point ...-----------...---1
is a trial average load but this is reduced in rough. proportion to thl amount of eccentr"ieifY that is
,x/JIcted. In thI case of building columns, the calculation of eccmtricifY is based on IL6 of
1$: 800-1956. At th sixth floor and at the roof, one-third of tM total loadis inlroduud with an
eccmtricifY. This may be verified by referenc to th connection details shown on Sheet 2 wlrere it
may b, seen that two-thirds of the load above th4 set-back is introduud cmtrally to tM column web
and one-third comes in eccentricity through the seat angleconneclwn to the column jltmge.
At 1M sixthJlDOr level, theeamnic moment is assumed equally divided above andbelow th6sixtJajloor.
II is tohi noud that noredutt",n in liveloadis made in calculating tlu localeccentric moment.
The column has been checked in the last sluet at the sixthfloor leVlI andthn, is no ,..d to cheek
it 411Mrooflewl since theeccent, it column moment there is lessthanjust abowor below thI sixth floor.
II ts to be noud that in calculating ,hi dfectwekngtJa of tMs, columns, tIaI sleruJmuss ratio is 'aun
tIS 067 times tM sleruJmuss ratio cmtr,-to-unlre of floors. This is in accordance willa Fig. J of
AppnuJix G Qf IS: 800-1956. .AltJaough only one Hamframes into1Mcolumn jlange 011 OM siu.
tIwr, an two beams providing direction fixity inthe WlaJc plaMofbending.
Assu",. 3 column splices as shown ill 1Msketch. Also nou lhal 1M splices are O'5 m above 1M
,.,.,stjloorlevels.
------------------------------------------------
Top Column-5th Floor to Roof
= 950 kg/ems
Approximate
design load -- 38 t (from Sheet I)
Area required -- 38 000/950
- 40 cm
l
Try ISHB 150, 346 kg
A = 44-08 em'
Z. = 2181 em'
J-- .!.Of LOAD
r::r.-; I, (THII CAUSU
_ ..... ICClNTlttCITV)

Top and seat connection of roof beam to column flange introduces 1/3 roof load with
eccentricity as explained in the commentary above.
(See 18.6.1 of IS : 800-1956)
e = ;5+20==95 em (seat usumed to be unstiffened bracket with
1=2 em)
Moment at Load at roof level
roof level M
a
:;;; 3 X e
900
- -3- X 95 = 285 cmt
Moment ., .29.25 x 95
6th Roor level M. := 3 X 2t = 463 cmt
------------------------------------------------
No reduction in live load in local ecceatric IDOI'MDt. ThUi 292.5 i. obtalnod by aclcUa,the
..m. iD 2Dc1 aDd3rd col 01' table oIloada In Sheet2.
t s. IU.I (b) oilS :
42
UOTION m: COLUMNI IN JlULTI-srORBY BUILDINGS
Dlp Example t
Column Between
5th Floor and Roof
..
of
14
lIb = 067 x 3'5 x 100 12
20
F. 1 575 kg/em' (see 9.2.2 of IS: 800-1956)
_ 463 x 1 000 _ ,
f. - 218'1 -212 kg/em
'. = 335 em, effective
II
- 067 x350 -70
'. - 335 -
F. := 1 098 kg/em' (_ 9.1.2 of IS: 800-1956)
Axial load p _ *190x -38'125 t
38 125
f. :::: 4+08
:a::: 865 kg/em'
865 212
Therefore, I 098 +1m := 0922 < 1 ..... OK.
T'7ISHB ISO, 306 kg
A J::1I 3898 em'
Z. ;::I 2053 em'
M. = 463 cm-t
067 X 350 I
lib ::a 20 = 12; F.= 1 575 kg/em
f. = 463 =225 kg/em.
Q ...... il:B 0'67 X 350 ==68
em, '. 3.44-
F, == 1 106 kg/em'
38125
f. - r:s:98 ==980 kg/em'
f. r 980 225
;:; + c. rror+rm
== 0884 +0143 lIS 1027> I ..... not permitted
U.lSHB 150, 346 q.
- ; -liGkij'; br;r ;t ';p ndd- of So;,-(;, :;.;;.;.; -..-
......).
43
III HANDBOOK FOR ITIlUCTURAL ENOlNEEltS: STEEL COLUMNS .'ND STRUTS
5
of
14
De.lln Example'
Column Between
3rd and 5th Floon
TM dlsip of tlu column bdwem t1l6 third and
fifth jlotWs split,s is similar to that for the top column 1------------41
slttion tU already given with the exception of the
bmJing moment diJt,ibution at 'M fifth floor. A,
tording to 18.6.2 of IS: 800-1956 ijtJu difference
in III is gr,G'" than 1,5, thI "cmlrit moment is to I" ....----------.....--..
distrihuudin proportion to 'h, III of 1M up"" and lower column sections resplCtively. &ttlllSl of
1M UMquQl distribution, 1M bmding moment in the column at thefifth .floor level is W(" IJum til
tAlfourth./loor, but thl stress condition at thl fourth .floor lel',l goterns thedesign beceus o,t 1MIfWIUr
aialload.
Column-J,d to 5th Floor
Area required _.
Assume f. = 900 kg/ems
4th floor load = 900 t
Add weight of column = 13 t
-
Approximate design load = 913 t
913x 1000
900
=101,5 em'
1/6 -
Effective 1/,'1 ==
Try' ISHB 400, 774 kg
A = 9866 em',
r'l z= 526 em,
350 x067
25
350 x067
526
Ze 1 4042 em"
b = 250 em
=- 9'4, F.;": 1 575 kg/em
t
=44-6, F. = 1 187 kg/em'
M.. (without reduction) (assuming t
== 2'0 em before) =-= 2925 (20+2)
3x2
Therefore)
- 10725 em' t
P
q
90'00+ (200 x 12,25) 92.57 t
1 ()()()
f
t107'25 xl 000 --76.t: k / '
- 1 404.2 -:) g em
= 9257 X 1 000 = 938 k / I
f. 98.66 gem
938 765
fl87+T'575 = 084<1 ..... OK.
But try smaller sections ;
With f. - I 187 kg/em' as obtained in the lut trial
9257
an area of TI87X I 000 :=: 78 enl
l
i!l required approximately.

TbiI weipt due to column and ill encuiDt concrete (or aleJlJth o( 1225 m - 55)( S (tor 4th,
... aDd..loon) plYi S'5x 1/2Corthe 3rei 8001',the coneidend MiDI midway betwecD 'rei aacl4tti
Ioor .......
t 1I.-I07-a..., IIeonsidered ADd Dot M.. u it I. only 455em" U could be teeD froID &beet14.

5ECTJOS III : COLt!MNS IN )IVLTI-STORY BUILDINGS
"ir-
, s.o cm __-=-="--H
I \J-
DII" Examp'e 9
Column Between
3rd and 5th Floor.
6
of
14
-- 829 em' t
- 96 kg/em'
= 1 154 kg/em'
'" = 529 ern
= 067,,< 3:;0
529
= 175em t
fll _..
I 188 kg/em'
29'25 (15+2)
3x2
F. 1 575 kg/em'
829 x I 000
8633
9257 X 1 000
8025
Z;e -- 8633 ern", Effective 1/"
F. --
M -
Tr}' ISHB 300, 630 kg
A = 802.i em",
f. --
I 154 96
Therefore, I 188+rm = 0973+0061 rtzz 1034> 1 ..... not permitted
:. Adopt next heavier section ISHB 350, 674 kg
Check 4-5 section due to probable greater moments
19 1597 }
lull = 550 The ratio between tbe two is
greater than 15 ($II lLI.2 of
I ll ==- 1 6356 -= 4.7 IS:
350
Total moment at 5th floor
2925x (17'5+2) = 1901 em t
3
The distribution to the column below
4P" 55x 1901
== 597
175x I 000
Iv > I 094-8 -,,, 160 kg/em'
/, at 5th floor
Effective l/,. =z
66x 1 000
85.91 == 768 kg/em
l
350x 067
5304-
F. == I 189 kg/em
l
768 160
Therefore, f1ii+f575 == 0747 <1 ..... OK.
Use ISHB 350, 674 kg

(14125+ 19-66).
45

III HASDBOOK FOR STRUCTURAL ENGINEEltS : STEEL COLUMNS AND STRUTS
Ire asipin, the column hllwma 1Mfirsl and the Dlan Example 9 7
tltirtl jIw splic,s, it is _foawl illitWI" thdI th, first ....----------1
to uetmtljlw slgment will null COVlr pltJl,s b,caus,IM Column Betw..n of
r'fUfr,dar'd is ,r'aln tlum 1M. dr,. of of4,,! lit and 3rd 'Ioon 14
IntlUIIt Standard rolkd uctuna tWaalabil. ThIS
jJrooUU$ an opportunit,y for ",allf' SUfi 'COllOm" and .....---------.........-
1Mrolutl uction is #lIcud on till basis of 1M r,quirements betwemtM second and llaird .floor wilJa
tIN plan 10 tuld cover platls bltwma tIN first and s,cond floors onl". TM mortIINt .. to
,cemtrieif1 etndd /Jet'1afI/JS H maimum dt IJw firstfloor l,vel as th, liueloaJalfirstjlOtJr is maiMum
HUt, J 000 kllm' and mcu1mama ,ccm"icit.1 is cawedWMn liveload onone sideof tlaljlw is uro
aNI a' 1M DtAn the full 1 000 kglm' and llat ratio of III ahove andbelow this.floor is dlai" p'''''
IIum 15 so""', 1MmD1M1Its Gr,/JrD/JO'ftiDrwd aecordingly. This will he clr6chdlaln whiZ, jinididnt
th6 uelUmftw(DIII1M /-2 (see S",,, 10). Having checked in this sheet ,hi second tothi,tJjloor Sf"""
as tldlqutJII, 1M additional MIa "pir""'''' for CDVtr pial's in ttu first andsecondjloor is MtmninMI
in SIwI I.
ColMmn-1st to SrdFloor
For maximum steel economy: Try selection for 2... 3 and add cover plates in 1-2 only.
PI-a 122-4+ (1'75) = 1256 t
Alaume F. = I 100 kg/em'
A :::2 1256x I 000 114 em'
1 100 ::
Tt:7 ISHB 450, 872 kg
A =r 11114 em'
....., .t JrtJ jIMw ,.",.
Ittler Sheet 1_
to.d calculation at 3rd floor.
load &om the left aide:
DL 250X 75)t 6/2 X -I/S - 1 875 kg
LL J50X75X6/2X 1/3 .. 1 125kg
-
3 000kg
110m the riaht aide:
DL500x7'5x6/2xl/3 -,3750q
U500x7Sx6/2xl/3 - 3750.
-
7500.
Therefore, net load caUlinc escentric moment:
75-3-0 - 4-5 t
But thewont cue is wbeDthe Uve lC*l isDOt aetiDI OD the left aide on the roof.
11MII die maximumecceatric moment M.-f5625 (22-5+2)
-138 em- t

SECTION III: COl.l:MNS IN BUILDINGS

of
14
Column aetween
lit to 3rd Floor.
Des.,n Example ,
Calculation of column between first and thirdfloor
is eontinUld from Sheet 7 and the additional require- 1------------1
mt"ts/:or column betwetn ,first and second floor are
work, out in this shiel.
- - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ._---------_.....- ....
32 em
l
f. -
A. the moments of inertia of column section above and below the floor differ by more
than 15 times the lesser, the moment due to eccentricity will be distributed in the ratio of 1.
. 1.... 39 211
The share ot column 3-2 JII+l
u
--= 39 211+19 160 067
M
u
O'67x 138 ::.c:. 92,5 em' t
Z =- 1 7427 ern" (of ISHB 450, 87'2 kg)
r" = 518 em
Effective llr" = (350/5'18) 067 45,:)
F. == 1 184 kg/em'
lIb -- 14
25
F" 1 575 kg/em'
*125'6 x 1 000
111.14 - I 130 kg/cnl
t
925x I 000 _ 2
1 742.7 --- 53 kg/em
Area of ISHB 'i-50, 87,2 kg ==
Are. of plates required ==
Try platet'20 x oa em:
A:=
f. -
1 130 53
Therefore, TT8i + T575 - 0988< 1 ..... OK.
AtIdUiMIJl 'lpi,nnnats ""WlIII floors 1-2
Co'-t--lllltl Jrd floor
Select for axial load from lit to 2nd floor and then check for eccentricity at 3rd floor.
AaumeF. ---= 1
P
n
- 156'15+ - 160'4t
A::r 1604 X 1000 == 138em'
1 160
11114 em-
2686 em'
1. (HB).. 2 9852 cm
1,. plate == 1 067 em'
Tota11. 4 052 em'
.d - 32+11114 - 14314 em" ::a y''"i0'52=a 533 em
, i'4':i4
067 X500
1/,_ a: 3. :: 628, F, = 1 129 kg/em'
CaJ*ityaa 1129x 14314 == 1616 t> t tTentatively ..... OK.
1Iaeet 7.
t 11M .....t due to eocentridty II Dot considered yet hen in the deslp orsection for colWILD 1.2
ddI will .. cIoDe ill Sheet10.
47

lSI HANDBOOK tOR ENGINEER!: STF.EL STR\.'TS
,
of
14
De.lln Examp'e t
Continued from Sheet 8. the design of tilt COIlt,-
plated column segment between the first and second 1-------------.-
floors is similar 10 prerious Design Example " for Column a.tw.en lit aftfl
axial loads. 2nd Floor. and In auement
The basement Jet/jim of the column is 'cased' and
may be designed by a direct procedure because the ....------------....--1
undth. of the corer /)/all'.\ may be selected in at/vance. The radius of gyration is tJam thlnmintd
according to 18.10 of IS: HOO-l.95(j on the basis of concrete encasement. Thus llr. is pt:etktmnilVd
and direct I altulation I1U!l' be madeas 10 the required thickness of COl'eT plaus 10 be addedto the
ISHB 450, 117:! kg.
Stop 08 ern plate at 0'2 rn above 2nd floor level.
Design intermittent welds same as in Design Example 4
l)fJign BasementSa/ion: Column cased with concrete (see 18.10 of JS : 800-1956)
Continue ISllllF>O. B72 kg and usc cover plate 35 em wide.
-- 472
r. = 02 fb+IO) (selll.lOof
IS : 800-1956)
-- 02 > 45 - 9 em
085:-: 500
9
liT. -
F, -- I 182 kg/on
'
Load Pal =
t21S4 t
Area required
2184x 1 000
185em' -
1 182
_.
ISHB 450, 872 kg;
.. 4 = 11114
Plate area required --
73'86 em-
5tJ.
r

I
All dimensions in centimetres.
Add cover plates 35 Y 125 each,
.t ..- 875 em', Total A = 19864 em' ..... OK.
Check at Ist floor level
Eccentric load from left side:
DJ.. 750x 75 X 6/'1 X 1/3 - .3 625 kg
LL assumed zero for maximum moment as before
Eccentric load for right side:
DL 750 X 75 X 61'i. X 1/3 = 5 625 kg
LL 1 000 X 75 X 6/2 X 1/3= 7 500 kg
13 125 kg
l\Jet load causing maximum
moment = 13 125-5 625 = 7 500 kg
------------------------------------------------
Base connection will not be desicncd for fixing direction.
T212.35+ (190)( 7'0) + (210)(' (3'5+ Q) +360)(' 5 -218.4.
48

1
11+11

= 061 times the total moment M

1
at Ist floor
III: IN Mt:LTI-ITOREY BU1LDINOI
Column .......
....m...t and lit Floor
Ignoring the concrete encasement
Total moment at 1st floor = 75 (225+123+2) = 193 em t
Moment of Inertia of basement column section about X-X axis:
II. = 211+875x(231)'
= 88 600 ein
t
Zla = 3 740em
a
Moment of Inertia of column section between the 1st and 2nd 800n:
111 = 39211 +32 X (229)1
= 56000 em!
Zit 2 400 em'
Thus moments of inertia are varying .by more than 1-1/2 times the lesser.
The share of column between
basement and 1st floor
at lst floor distributed to
column between Ist and 2nd floor = 193 X O39
::: 753 em t
.1
of
14
lib =
Final check of the column section between 1st and 2nd floor (continued from Sheel 8)
067x 500
25
= 134
F. = 1 500 kg/ems
Applying the interaction formula:
1604 X 1 000 753 X 1 000
143.14x 1129 + 2 430 X 1500 = 1> I ..... OK.
Check the section between basement and lit floor. In the light of 11.10.2.1 of
IS: 800-1956. the steel section alone should be considered as carrying the entire load. The
stiffening effect of concrete could be recognized to adopt allowable stresses of 1 500
klJ/cm
l
in bending and 1 182 kg/em
l
axial compression as determined in Sheet 9.
share of basement column := 193X 06 == 1158 cm-t
2184x I 000 IISax I 000
Therefore. 195.16X 1182 .f- 3660 X 1 500 == 0-97< 1 ..... OK.
49
III HANDBOOK POa navcrvllAL ENGlNUIlI: STEEL COLUMNS AND ITRUTI
Dalp fI6 ... Plat. - TIwr, is JID pan;- Desl... bamp'. , II
nd ......, ("..,., ;roNlH.1' lk ill ..... ...
1M ftJUltllstiOll tmJ 'au lIS ditlttion Dell", of ... Plata of
J!w. T1Iis is tIw 10 II" IMI 1M is smtUl and Spllc. at 5th Floor 14
III tn!1 UUI .. th, pmrtusal, stress WlU not "
"'''1.1 4Ud b.1 th, VtJriGtitm in llr thllt would " -------------..
intlutltl bytlumfin, th, lUISI/IDle Rt/min, 10 1 .2 of IS : 800-1956 1M"pUlIl .'11
is ohltlinldon the'lUis of 5 kgl",t hemi,., pressw, em tlrt concrete and th, btu, pltlu lllicbwss
atc",ditlglD 1M spedfittJti.aformuu, isfouruJ to he2-93ma_
- -.. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ... -, - -- ... - ... - - - - - ...... - ... - ... '- - - .-. -
o
'1
SECTI(H AA
WELD
AU. ROUND
5.
(All dimensions in centimetres.)
f-
45
---.
1
to--- 35 -----1
---

7-5
475 7
I
(SI, 1....2 of IS : 800(1956)
It is asaumM that the load is being
uniformly by the slab bale.
Assume that concrete can take a
bearing pressure of 55 kg/em':
Load == 2184 t (SII Sheet 9)
Area .. 21S4x 1 000 KS 3970 emt
55
The load is auumed as distributed
by the column with an area of475x 35
em. For maximum economy in the
thickneu of the slab bale ',', the projec-
tiona '.,4' and 'B' should beelluaJ .. may
be seen from the formula given under
11.1.2 of IS : 800-1956.
For suchequal projectiODl, try 58 X70
em witn 115 em and 11-4 em projec-
tions giving an area of .. 060em
l
_
W EO 218': 000 _ 54kg/cml
/
3 X54( 11-41)
t == TBO 11.5
1
- . =293cm
Use ba e plate 58x 70x 3 em.
SPLICE AT 5TH FLOOR
The splice is to be checked for two
conditions, namely:
a) for moment caused by eccen-
tricity, and
b) for axial load.
CHECK for .moment capacity of the
splice with details as shown in the
sketch.
Assume 16 mm rivets in mm rivet holes at 630 kg/em' tension for power driven
field rivet (SII Table IV of IS : 800-1956).
Taking puge as 45 mm for the 80 X80 mm angle ISA 8080 used for connection, the
distance between the rivets on either aide ia2(45) +15-24em.
. 2x630x227x24
Moment capacity == 1 000 K2 686 em t
1901-175 &:3 15-1 em- t (Sheet 5) OK.

If-CTION In:. OOLUMMI IN MULTI-ITOUY BU1LDlNOI
..41 et.:,if
llttt
."", in--tIIpI1I is J:.,.II. D"',n "amp'e t 12
. JJ- "'4' H us. to trMSj., IIu 1tHul.
nu if"" -....utrtJlld on Shu' 14. If I1wrI is 1-----------1 of
d ,.,,. dum,t ill it will 6, mor, ICOIIDtftittJl of Deslln of Splice at .4
s.1 Ie itaIrotJuu GIl nul tl6tail, suth as is mown on 5th 'Ioor
$'-' 11. In IIW aldil, tI UMuud WF sMp, is built
iIIIo tJw top of 1M column. This is c"'c/udjtJrsuJ/i&ient s',mgU& in sMtutwl Hndu." III if .",
d slttwt HtJIII, to"asj" d U1&iform distribution of stress in the column lulow1M sl'lie.. 1MiJdIUl
lIS shDum UJIUftnWl ,. 6, inatUquaU in sMa,. W,b doubler plaus could H tWlMJ, hi iI U
JiJln tIII4 mtW, IttmtnnittJl in th6 ""snal cas, 10 thepen 'hi "tun slCtitm so tU to .."
,,,-, CIJ/NI&iI.1. AlllmdtiDl{". WId" sluJped t,ansition section could6, introduud.

Check for axial load.
The axial load may be considered as being transmitted to the column section below by
the specified sections acting like a short beam.
The load iJ auumed to be distributed uniformly at the bearing.
Total axial load at the fifth floor splice to be transmitted as detailed in Sheet 2 is58 t.
The designed are ISHB 150, 346 kg above and ISHB 350, 67'4 kg below the
aplice.
The ftanIe width == 150 mm or 150 em
The depth of web between flanges .. 150- 2 X 9 =- 132 mm or 132 em
The total1ensth ofdistribution ::II 15+15+132 -432 cm
t-14'lan-i
13'2' 13'2t
tilifut
f f f f f fI
'---v-----'
USt 15t n.l.
L, n"cm -..J
r
a

=s 15 e
,. 25 em
- (35-252)
== 5268em
... 1l.5t Each flange takes up
lporinc the difference in thickneta between the web and flange of column section it
may he .-oDed that the distribution of load is proportional to length and with this
aaumpdon each flange transmits:
-= 132t
432
The load beins tranamitted through web =- 38-2 X 13,2==11-6 t
The 8aage width of the lower
column aecbOD ISHB 550, 674 kg
Web depth between flanges
Web takes up 38-2 X 115
The loading is mown diagrammatically.
Maximum .hear - 11,5 + 15x9'9 16 t
338 -
AI .ketched (IeCtion AA, _ Sheet 13)
if 11-'41, 14em, aheararea 12X083 .. 996 em
l
16
f-R
X 1 OOO
- 1 610./cm
l
>allowable ahear Itraa945 ./cm'-NoGood.

w.......0111118 550,17-4.. - HS.
51

1IAND8OO& FOR STRUCTURAL I!KQINURI: STEEL COLUMNS .",SD ITRun
Dellp Ixample ,
Desl", of Splice at
5th Floor
Therefore, " should be increased suitably to give more shear area.
16 ()()() 1
~ X m = 20'4 em, S41, 22 em
22
tiJI = 0:83 <85 .. . OK (SII 20.7.1 of IS : 800(1956)
115x!!8 J5x33-8
Moment at centre ::= 2 + 2 x 4-
132x141 Il'6x14-1
- .
2 2x4
=- 1442em- t
The teetion shown in the sketch i. the one resisting the moment of 1442 em' t.
SECTION I\A
lIb 338
=-25
== say, 1-5
F. == 1 500 kg/em
l
l.offtanges =- 2x25x(.y.)1
Z _ 2x25x21 x21 x2
2 x2 x 22
a= 503em'
(even ignoring web modulu.)
I' 1442X 1000
I. - 50S
13
.f
14
- 287 kclem
l
<1 500 kB/cm
'
. _. _. OK
...-T-bb ;.; ;.;.;.d ;..- If;.; ba ..-- i ~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
52
SECTION III: IN MULTI-STOUY BUILDINOI
14
.,
14
Dellp 01 Splice
at Jrd 'Ioor
Del.... "amp'e'
HeT' is. sIunDn " /JOssiIJle tlItlJil al IhI llairll JIw
$/Jlia """,. IItt r,huit" c"'" in column siu is null .... ..
mough to /JIrIftil lUI of II simtJu b,ann, pIG" 10
"tlllSfn 1M luJ, .4 similar spIkl will bl r'qui"d
til IN firstJlotW, Tlat bearing plote is dlsi""d as a
simp" beam with all of the column loadconsnvatit'lly -------------...- ....
utimtJIMI tIS being in th, column flanges. The colll1lUl bas, piau dlldil is shDum III ,....... ..
prnriDlul.1t11siped at Sh8et J1. Only two tJtIluw boltson tJu axis of 1M Wlb ., ..1M
col.",.,. htu ., bien assumed to be dir,ction fix,d al 1M 1Hu.. ActluJU.1, ofetlWU, II
amtIIIItl ..,tlmctionfixity will be ,specially in viIw ofIJIe conal" III&tJUmmI.
/Hs;'" ofSrd FlooT Splice
a, a.kfor tuuu. load
Referrins to Sheet 5,
the column load at
3rd floor 92'57 t
Each ftaRKe, neglect-
ing the lOad taken
92,57
by web, tau, -2- = 4629 t
:\Iomrnt =.-: 4629:: 5 231 j
cmv t
: =V231300;.:6 - 5'35cm
1 890 X 25 -
;from the usual flexure formula)
ht
S
.\1 == jZ=!T
BASE
PlATE
Bearing value Aaunling l-cm thick splice plate:
b, CMdcfo!, tlte """Mlt
The moment at the 3rd floor in column 3-4 138-92'5
455 an- t
(su Sheet 8)
The rivets along the ftanges shown in the sketch should be designed for a moment
capacity of this em- t
.-\lsuming 16rnm power driven field rivet: Shear value == 227 X 945 kg
= 2 140kg
l'7x2 125- kg
= 3612 kg
SIwJ, l'allM controls
Two rivets on each side with lever arm of 4.1 em have a capacity of 214 X 45 X 2-
193 em- t>45j em' t . OK.
No further extra rivets required for packing.
____ .. .-..-- .. - __ ... .-._ ... ........ ..,4a> ..... __
S. lI.I oJ IS :
53

SECTION IV
MILL BUILDING COLUMN WITH CRANE GANTRY
II. 1NT1l0DUCTION
10.1 The stepped mill building column with crane cantry is an important
design probfein that combines a variety of important design quationa.
The column is of non-uniform cross-section, it is a cbeam-eolumn' with
both eccentric and lateral loads introduced along its length, and it involves
a multiplicity of effective length questions. For the aDlWerI to matten of
effective length, one is guided by Appendix G of IS : 800-1956. The
column to be designed herein will be similar to that shown in Fig. 14 in
Appendix G of IS : 800-1956.
10.2 There is a current practice of designing the column directly under
the crane girder independently of the column that supports the
There have been argument and dUCUllions over this question and it 11
pointed out that the assumption ofseparate action requires special provisions
to attain it. It is recommended that the entire unit should bedesigned for
intqral action. The column section in Design Example 10 is designed with
thiI approach in this Handbook.
11. ITBPPBD MILL IItJILDING COLUMN WITH CRANE GANT!lY
(_ .......pIe 10)
11.1 It hu to be undentood that the example for the crane pntry column
hal been designed with the assumption that the top of the column is fixed
in poIition but Dot in direction. Therefore, this method or design.illustra-
ted here may be followed only when these conditions are satisfied through
suitable and adequate bracinp at the level of the top of the column. Other
example. of columna where such conditions are not aatUfied will be dealt
with m lSI Handbook for Structural Engineen on Single-Storey Industrial
and Mill Type Buildings in Steel (under preparation). Reference should,
therdOre, be made to this Handbook for details and tuner discUllion of the
problem.
11.2 In with a design based on completely separate action
of crane and column components, the consideration of the entire
column as a single umt with eccentric and lateralloada will result in heavier
de.ign above the crane gantry and somewhat design below.
A certain amount of is desirable m a mill buildi because of the
undesirable sway and vibration that may be the operation of the
travelling bridge crane. It is learnt that some buildings in use in
USA have had to undergo extensive revisions with coady additions of steel
because they were too flexible with regard to side away in the upper column
Iqpnentl above the crane runway girder.

S&CTION IV: MILL BUILDING COLUMN WITH CILAN& GANTIlY
XI
I
I
I
x,
-85
A =- 8025 em
l
'.1 Ell 529 em
T . If; 40x 10'
na .'. 80.25
I' . 9 X 100>: 1()I
J. 863.3
For .\lax 1/, == './"
F, = I OOS kg/em
l
!.-!
675 X 100
::;: 53
"1
127
Vt-j
/"1
45 x 100
85
'.1
529
(This is maximum slender-
rario.)
Try ISHB 300, 63-0 kg
Z.l ;::; 8633 em',
'.1 = 127 em,
.
0. Esarraple Mill BuiId'-l CoIuMB .ida er.... Gaary
CNu-.1iInuJl ,lIvatiota til OM ofIIw &OlumIu WIuJs 1M,.,. .,..,..., 1INl......". TIM
m;U hiUift,,MIls at, tlSsumMllo hi 9 m,Ie _ n.:. 1Mt:06mm siu is 110I a.mIII t iI iI
10,,, SfJmI /W,limitulty ,stinuzU M 10bnulitw.- _ ....
momIIItsin ordn 10 G/JIWOtJ&Ia IM.fintJI tlui"a I1artnIIh "-I Ix ...0
II miu of"i4ls. 1M lmwalloddis s/Jflild tU 10 .,.. II' amp
JlnMll oj tJy crtltll f'UIUD41 "atiUmof 80,-tlIUllIris is of
lIPJrlioMd Mlf to '(Jeh column. This slIM, SMwS Tria' Dell... .f Top 12
",. ,.,h initial 'gUlss' tJS to ktldiltt 10 an S..meat
initUJl tJ./JIWoximlJtwn of binding mommI in 1M to/J
columll sigmenl ASfor which 1M actutJIIOdd is 1M utld Wlighl oj'" rJNIf lrws SYIUm JHw supmm-
pos,dlotul, all Istimatldat 40 I. ,-

SUH-d Mill Buildi", CDlumn with C,aM Gantry
For effective lengths, su Fig. 14 of Appendix G of IS: 800-1956
Column se"""., A 10B
To makespreliminary selection, estimate bending momentl:
Estimate R
A
=- 1/2x4 :=r 2 t
Trial = 2 X 45 :IS 9 m t
Effective length considering axil =- 1 5 L
=- 15x45
=- &75 m (I.)
Effective length considering Y1-V
I
axis - 1-0 L
ZI: m (')
55
lSI HANDBOOK FOR. ENGlSf.ERS: STEEL COLU)lNS A,.D STRLIS
2
of
12
Desl... Example .0
2nd Tria' Desl... of
Top Seament
__________________________ '------------....--4
TIw riJl tUm is ,Mck.d for its tMlIquy. It
is / ... ,.., IhI .lItlion is slightly rmtIn-dui".,d .... .....
tIIUl siItu 1M 1IIMIWIIts df' only known ID a 'OUIh
Mgr. tl/JProxinultion, 1M trial of the noa MaL'in'
16HB IS SUUU"d.
For determining maximum allowable bending stress for bending of the column about
Xl-Xli 1
11/6
is to be considered as the Beam-Column section is likely to buckle laterally
about '1
1
-y 1-
lIb
430
-25
= 18
498 1 040
1 003 + 1m = 0495 +066
:a:: 1133> 1 - Xo Good
(se, 9.5 of IS : 000-1956)
due to eccentricity has been neglected.
Improve trial section for .ABby adding trial eccentric moment.
Try ISHB 350, 72-4 kg.
56

SF,CTION IV: MILL Bl:ILDISG ",ITH
J
of
12
Tllal DeliII' of
Bottom S.,..,.nt
D.",n Example '0
71w first Irisl s,lIcticm for 'hi lown Jltnt of the
(01.... U sltown ;11 cross-section and lhe RIOmnJt of ... ....
Wrtu. &/Iblautl alJout A-A axis On th basis
of 1M IrUJl _'ion, it is fJossiblt 10estimat tht eccentric
mtmIIJIt tINl this is dmtI initially as if tht top tJnd
hottom tJt .AtWJ C were pinned. This is still only a 1 ..-6__.-
roIllJa tl/'JWoximation of 1M actual moments which aft later dttn-m;Md by the moment distributioll
JmK'tIvr, till SllMI 7.
approximation
= 80+40=120 t
= 650 kg/em'
120x 10
'
= li50
= 185 em' (ignoring
eccentricity)
Try 2-ISWB 450, 794 kg
A = 2xlOI015=202-3cm
l
Try the arrangement. as shown in the
sketch M-M.
Trial Utlw" u.u.
Calculate lAd
I
A A
Preliminary
as pinned
J
i
'IZc"'----..
IA
= '2)( 1 1067
+ 101-15 (32-96)1 X 2
== 34134+220000
M .20-35",-\ = 223 413 em
t
!r
1 = 2X 35 057-4-
AI = 70 105em
-l .12", Applied eccentric
14 80,. t moment = 80x 3296-40 X 15

- =2035cm-t
assuming 'C'
I
/ I I
L -S 410 -- "eOOaft
A
SECTION MM
..... -
r
.........
---'
,
\15HI no
I
_.

I
2035
= 16-5x 101 :::I 123 t
2035x45
= 16Sx 100
= 555 m- t (This distribution is approxi-
mate assuming that the
Section from ... to C is
unifonn.)
= 995 kg/em'
lIb - = 18
F. = 1 57.1 kg/em'
40x 10'
J. -mr = 434 kl/cm
l
kl -- 2 035 X 12 ._ 14.80 m t
lie - 16.5 X 100
Check revised selection suggested in Sheet 1 for AB for resisting these approximate
moments also,
18HB 350, 724 kg
... = 9221 em'
= 1465 em
'. - 522 em
z:s 1 131
06
enl'
J\la 1/, r:.; 1;'. = 450 = 86
s:22
57
III HANllBOOX PO. ITRUCfURAL ENQINURI: STEEL COLUMNS AND STaUTI
..
of
12
Dell... Example II
TIw iItiIitJl trial *sitn witJa ISHB 350, 724 lei
is./otlU 100 SlMIl ami in 1M S'Ctm4 trial ISWB 500, 1------------1
95:2 i, (IT' KUd. . This is found IN Trial Dell", of
SlI&!tItIry,. sl.ll 011 thI of W!J Bottom Sment
",.,.,., ,sllnuJlu, the s"hon propntr.es In thl main
II,...' Be au tUlmnined. 0" this also,/qr1-----------...- .....
I/wJrst IitM, IA6 tUtditional dirtct /0(" due to diad w,i,ht of walls, gi,ts, siding tmtl colunut is
,slituIItJ tUUl tultkd 10 the axial load.
19 m t
5mt
1923 m t
2423 m t
= 334600an'
=- 70115 em'
775 kg/em
l
331 kg/em-
i
f.
A
c
.-I...._a:IIJI...... .... ...-\I-
2.
Total M.
A
= 90 +555t
1455 m t
1455 X loa
1 1316
I 287 kg/em'
434 1 287
995 +T575 = 0437 +0817
= 1254> I-NoGood.
Try ISWB 500, 952 kg
A .= 12122 em'
Z. = 20916 em', '. = 496 em
450
MtIJt Ilr === 4796 = 91

lib = 450
25
F. = 1 575 kg/emI
AIIUIDinr revised section M-M as in the sketch.
Applied eccentric moment is 80 X 4046- 40 X 15= 2 637 em t
55
Approximate moment to.AS -= 2637 x 2"015 = 714 em t ($II Sbttt 3)
40 X IQI
121222
(900+714) X 10'
20916
331 775
958 +1m = 0346+049 084< I ..... OK.
4 t Use ISWB 500, 952 kg for section AB.
_ Cluck stress in Be (see Shu' J)
IT Due to 4 tonnes lateral load
.. ( Approx moment at C= (2 X 16-5-4x 13)
Approx moment at B=(2x4'5-4x1)
Approximate moment
at B due to vertieal1oad=2637-714
Total Mu moment at B
IAA = 2 X 1 7067 +2 X 10115 X 4{)-46
1
J.. = 2 X 35 0574
Estimate additional dead weight:
at middle of BC-assume column spacing of
85 m girts+slding @ 25 kJr/m
l=0025xSSx
105 =- 224 t
column AB @ 95-2 kg/m=O 0952 X 5 := 0-476 t
column Be @ 200 kg/m (say) =0200 X 6 ::a
Total :a: 40 t
- ; i.- 1. - i s-" s';;';; i.- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
58
SECTION IV: MILL BtnLDINO COLUMN WITH CRANE GANTRY
5
ef
12
Dlln Exampl. .1
Trial Deslln of
Bottom Sment
Qmliluting IN antIl.1sis on Shell 4, il is found thai
1M 1IUJUa sedUm now a/J/JIars ovtr-tksign6d muJ tJ 1------------....-1
sm4lllr s,ction is trietl. The CtJlfUlations ar, a
re/JItilion of tJupr,vUnu slwet and the smaller section
is found to bl salis/tutory.
--------------------------1----------_.......-..
---- 1086cm
A
----- -- ---r -------....-
40+80+4 _ I
f. --- 202.3 x l()l kg/cm
I' -- 2423x50'46 l fU 364 k I' 1863
J. -- 334 600 x v- g em Jr -= . ern
Effective 1/, -- 200 =55 (see Fig. 14 in Appendix G of IS: 800-1956)
F. -- I 159 kg/em'} r IS 00-1956
F. = 1 500 kg/em' rom . li .
+ = 0529+0243=0772 <I-ovrr design
Try smaller sections 2-ISLB 450, 653 kg
Check width/thickness ratio of web (set 18.4.2 of IS: 800-1956)
d-2i, = 450-2 X 134-
= 4232 mm
t. = 86 mm
4232
I d/t. = s:6 = 49>45
I
:. Effective width 45 t..
-: 387 cm
8-&---- - --+ ---- -----It- 8 Width reduction = 423-387
I
= 36 mm
Area reduction -- 36 X 086
-- 309 em'
r = 1820 em, Effective Ilr
L
Effective area
- - - - - - - --- - --'=-=-:"'---1 of section --" 8314-309
""3cm .. - 8005 em'
A Total :== 2xRO05=160)cm
l
I
AA
= 2X853+2 x 8314 x 40'43' = 273 500 em'
I :::= 2x27 536 = 55072 em'
085 X I 200
18-20
=56
F. = 1 156 kg/em'
F. = 1 500 kg/em'
- 775 kg/em'
f. =
124x 10'
1601
2423x4893
I' = X 10' 435 kg/em'
J' 273500
+ 1
4
:& = 067+029 = 096<1 ... OK.
Now make accurate check on moments Uling moment distribution method consic:lerial
.AB-BC U tepU'ate members,

FuJI ... III calCUlatiOD orteetion properti-.
59

IS( HASOBOOK FOR STReCnR.-\L STEEL COLUM:'IlS .-\SO STRl'TS
6
of
12
Ana'ys.1 of Forc
and Moments
D_lln Examp'e 10
.. 4 sMisf1lwy tksitn Juu,;", bem IIIT;wtl ., on the
htuis ef tJ/J/n'Dximatt moments, Ilteu moments art tttIUI 1--------------1
calcultultl mM't tJeactly. The Hardy Cross .. V,tMtJ
f!f moment tliJtrib"tion is wed. It is tltsired 1o
delmnine the bending moments in lhe column for an
arbilrtW.1 momenl introduced at B,. also,for an arbitrary 1-----------------.
lateralfore, introduced at B. By keeping these separate it will be possible /0 handle combinations
of loaJ mor readi{y. In tht initial analysislor moment introduced at B, an artificial imaginary
restraint is prot'ided to hold B against ialttal movement. On the basis of the resulting moments
caused by an equal and opposite restraining force and superposing it on the initial solution, the tfftct
of restrain: is removed and the desired solution is obtained. The analysis for lateralforce at B is
starud by assuming a displacement at B with no rotation. Rotation is IMn permitted and qfttr
distribution ofmoments, theforce consistent with thes moments is determined. Then, by proportion,
tIuJ mommts!ar unitforce at B may heevaluated. Finally, there aresummarizedthe bending moments
dUl to a unit laera! force at B and due to a hundred units of moment at B. .Vow, reft";ng hack
toShut 4, 1Mactual moments caused by the eccentric moment and lateralforce art tz'alUdted and tIte
comhiNd maximum moment is given at the bottom of the next sheet.
------------------------------------------------
Analysis for eccentric load-Apply unbalanced
(-) moment of 100m- t at B
II.'" 52 290 8 ,- 273 500 c",il.
I \L.-A.TI'tCIA\ AnUAINT
12m ---

==-:..t
Distribution factors at B:
= 0276
87
... (ii)
C,
::3 87+228
= 0724
} ..... (iii)
For AB
ForBC
== 0775
StifFness of AB} 3 52 290
(one end be- ::.:: --;rx -- ::::: 87
ing hinged) 450
Be:c: 273 500 = 228
1200
Assuming restraint at B, a total applied moment of -100 m- t is distributed as
MaA = -27,6 m t }
Mile = -724 m t .....
and Mea = -36,2 m t
62 t t
45
72'4+362
Shear in BC= 12 = 9'1 t t
Applied restraint -= 9'1-6,2 - 2-9 t ! at B
__""'''
Aft4lysis Itw tlisplactment witla 110 rot4tiDn:
3 E16 3X 52 290.6-
M." - == 450'
M.
o
- - 6x27! 700ED, = 1.140 EA
,-. 1 200' u
Shear in AB=
60
DCTIOH IV: MILL aUlLDtNO COLUMN WITH CRAIU OANTIlY
,
of
12
Desl... Example .1
Ana'ysll of Forces
and Momenta
1HMl .. VGlws .,,.,..,. (iii) in SllMI 6, "latilm-
s,. ....... ru"aiIaiIII/or" til B tJNI thI fMrMlU 1------------11
iIt JItWIitms BA, Be _ CB "'9 " worked out 4S
,u. ill tAu ",.
- - - - - - - - ------ - -- - - --- - - - - ... ...-....
B
I 00276 0724 I c
Fised eDd...ts (FEM)
Dittributiou
Canoy onr
FilIal momeaII
-775 +114
-10-1 - 264
-876 V U +87-6
+114
- IS2
+ 1008
MameDt cUllribudoa
lor I wait or force at B t
Shear
87"'
Shear
876+ 1OG-8
- 4=5
t

- Ig.S, - 157t
87-6
+87.-6 +10008
19-5+15.7 - 1i=J+'in
-2' -+2' - +287
Ci.)
... OIl th1I ..wt, the reladODlhip the applied moment at B and ftfta.I distributed ......... due
to daeapplied moment without any artificial ratraJot at B for lateral movement may be worked out.
AppliC'd moment - 100m t
B c
+279
+36-2
-8S
+276 +724
+72 - 72
+348 +652
a) Diltn1Ndoa with I'aU'aiDt at 1J (-
Sheet 6)
b) Por releulnl the rattalat or 29 t
<_ Sheet 6) (rom the relation (iv)
1--------_--.. - -I ----- --- 1
Fioal dlatributioD for 100 units of
IDCIIIIeDt at B
0 (v)
From thae ...... the &naIdiltributioo 01momenta in the problem under desiln here could be warkeclout.
AppIiecllOAdJ are:
.) lateral load 014 t at B (_Sheet 4)
b) momeat 01 41t1cat B
c) 1D00000t due to ecceDuicity - -264 m t (J" Sheet 4)
B c
F01' :i:4 t lateral load at B
For :t4 IDe tat B
PCA -26-4 .0 t (due to eccentricity)
-;:10
=F 14
+ 92
10 (from iv)
=f 26 (from v)
+J72 (from v)
11-48
=f 112
+ 71
Maximum c:ombiDcd IDOIDeDt
+206 +246
t Shear -
246+
12
- ss,
61
III HMiDBOOK Foa STIlUCTtJaAL ENOlNUIlS: ITUL COLUMNI AND STRUTS

D_lln Example 10
- 985 Ita/em'
T1t6 situs eonJitwn in 1MU/JIJIr All and
'M ,.", Sl,.,.' Be is andftnlllll to h, jwt 1------------1
,GliJfllJry. of
1MtUsip of the conntetion to 'rans/" t1aI vertical Flna' Dlln of Column 12
lotul from AS toBe lind10simultaneowly tab care of
1MbnuJi,., mommt at tlu j_net"" POUtt is nowinoesti- ,..-----------...--..
,aud. As a startingpoint, thl vertical lOdd of415 t is trans/erre.withDut comidnation of bending
mtn'1Imt withtM addition of the ISLB 300, 377 leg to act as a diaphragm and to provide a relUtion
101Mcolumn uetion directly undn the "'ant rtmWl!)' girder. Horizontal diaphragms are introduted
al/JOsilions marked(4) inthefigureandthemoment capacity of these is checked. Sine, tJaI diaphragms
41' mM, or less jlexible in tile vertical dir"tion, these rivets are assumed to carry on?>, tJ
comJNmml ofload. The moment capadly of thes diaphragms is insufficient anti tulditional rivlts
., aJiUJ altml linl B-B to provide extra momen! capacity as calculated in Sheet 9. TM "PlLs
til.", plaM B-B are assumed to be ,ood for vertical component of stress on(,. Sinu 1M
mommt ann 01the rivets in th horizontalplaneandthose inthevertical planes arabout equsl 'My
M' 4SSlllUtl til shar tqualfyPtr rivet in tlalload.

Il.wlll S"UI
Upper leI'DleDt AB-IS\\"B .300, 952 Itl
,., 20-6 X loa
Ja 2091-6
.331 985
958+ n75 - 0972< I OK.
Lower IelD'Cftt BC--2 ISLB 450, 653 q (1ft Sheet 5)
r. 246 x 103 X 48'9! 4K.3 k /
J. - 273 700 - J a em
1 + I - 0'961<1 OK.
U. l-lSLB 450, 653 k,.
".. AB 10BC-Fusl MUitln " /. -t",," J.aMI.1.
Load OIl AB-40+0'96 (waU)+a.476 (1eIlwt)-415 t ('9)
RaetioD .. the two IILB 450, M' q lItCtiou (00 linea B-B and A.A) would be balC the total vertical
bel if the colUIIID All were I)'IIIIDetrical iii pIue with napect to the columa Be.
UHf OF ACTION
OF V!RTlCAl
-l)()()"""--t-----......-
.......----'1Om",--
_l
END T,! 'LAT
Thia beiDa not the cue C- the diqram-
mat1cal spUce)
THiae momentl OIl lIDe ,A-,A:
550
lleactioD at B-B - 100x41S-285 t
ReactiOD at .4-A - 415-285-IS t
The sheat' at C-Cfor which the joint betweeD
or ISLB 300. 577 and ISWB 500,
952 kl isJ lubjected to is abo - 13 t
r" 20 mm rivet on web of'
ISLB 450, 65,' kl
Val\ae 10 beariDI - 21 x2360 x()o86
- 4'27"
Value in tinlle _ x 1'025
aMar 4-
- '55 t
:. Value or qle ahear CODtroll
at B-B:
-I' _.!--I 28S 8
DlAPHltAnM. No. VI nvetl reqUIRU - --s:g--
u....... riv.at B-B 8aqe oIlSWB SOO, 952q to web ollSLB 450, 65Sq.
- - - - - - .. -. .., - - - - _-_ - - - - - - - - - - - - - __ - - - - - - - - ell .. _
....f. t ....s,
62
5ECJ10N IV : MILL BUILDING COLUMN WITH CRANE GANTRY
Dulin Example .1 ,
of
DI,n of Splice 12
At A-A tmde-c
No. of rivets required = 367
355
Use six 20-mm rivets at A-A and C-C, connecting flange of ISLB 300, 377 kg to web
of ISLB 450, 653 kg and the other flange of ISLB 300, 377 kg to the flange of ISWB
500, 952 kg respectively,
Transfer of Bending Moment
Although rivets considered in the last sheet at A-A and B-B provide some moment
resistance, check moment capacity at diaphragms 4-4 only.

Value in single shear
of 5-16 rom rivets 1J' X 1.7'
on each side --4- X 1025
232 t
Non - Maximum moment adds to Itr'eII in liDe
B-B.
Increase the number of rivets of 20 mm
diameter connecting flange of ISWB
500, 952 kg and web of ISLB 450,
653 kg in the vertical plane to 11.
II - 8 3 rivets good for
vertical strell only
2 460 cmt
(III Sheet 7)
604 cm t
SOcm
3 x80x 355
854>604 em t
....OK.
Moment to
be resisted
10 rivets carry
10 X 232 232 t;
Lever arm 80 cm
Rivets good for horizontal stress only.
Moment capacity of diaphragms (4)
(through the ten rivets)
232x80
= 1856 em t
Balance
Lever arm same
as for diaphragm!
Moment
BOcm
I.
I
I
I.
I
I
I.
I.

63
lSI HANDBOOK .OR STRCCTURAL ENGISEERS: STEEL COLUMNS .-\NO STRUTS
" of
12
De.l... Example .1
Dftlp of Lacln, In
Bottom S..ment
n. ,..., 6t1ts fo, lJu layout shown 011 Shill 9 a"
dtWhIAlIS lomprlUUI, struts tmtIlmsitln mmabns. 1-----------...
TIw tIiInntel httween this tmtl 1M /Jr1Vious lacing
tIuip UtIIft/M IltUkr centric ltNUl (DIS;,,. Exampl,7)
is tJtIJitiotud SMa,. i,IIJw,d by 1Ml4lwal lOdd and
oJ wrti,;al load tluat is added 10 tl .-----------....--..
2'5 Jlnmd ofaxial load.

DIs;'" ofLating
Try 45
0
layout as shown in Sheet 9
Check local ...!-_; r of ISLB 450, 653 kg =. 32 em = '1-1
'1'1
I - 110 em
..!J.... 110_
'1-1 = 32
3.j<O7x56 (of main member) ..... OK.
35<50 ..... OK (s 21.6 of IS : 800-1956)
F.
Capacity of 2 angles
Sh,ll'
Load due to applied moment = 35 t (s,t Sheet 7)
25 percent of axial load = 0025 X 125 = 312 t (see 21.2.1 of IS : 800-1956j
-
Total = 662 t
Force ia1 the lacing = 662 x Vf =-= 9 36 t
TV' IS.&. 10073, 6'0 mm with two rivets at each end.
A = ]015 ems
rmin = 159 em
length = 80x V2 = 113 ern (jee 21.23 OL
IS : 800-1956)
113
Ilr -- T59 = 71 < 145..... OK (se,21.2.3
of IS : 800-1956)
= 1 090 kg/em' (Table I of IS : 800-1956,
= 2>< 10-14 -- 22-1 t >936 ..... OK,
but over design
Try ISA 7045, 50 mm
A = 532 ern!
'min 096 em
1/, _. 113 118< 145 ..... O}{.
0:96=
Capacity of 2 angle sections = 2 X 0,726;,5,52 = 805 t<964 Good.
c ISA 7045, 60 mm
A = 656 em', .. \pprox capacity as before = 0726 X 2 X 656
= 9'5 t OK.
'min = 096 em
20-mm rivets value = 4x355 = 14-2 t>936 t OK.
s. Sheet 8.
64
IV: MILL IU.;ILUINO WITH (.;RANE GANTRY
II
of
11
Design Example 10
Desisn of Tie Plate
1S : 800- J956 calls JOT end tie plaits OJl cotipres-
slon members equal in length to the lateral breadth
eleof riiet groups attaching the tie to the main com- 1--------------1
ponents. 'Tilt layout shown at the centre of the sheet
indicates the minimum length of the tie plates and
may be made larger depending on how the lacing 1--------------1----1
spacing works out in thefinal details. Four 25-mm diameter anchor boit: are sho.un and Ihty engage
a channel that is riveted to the end tie plates. It is well to hate some f.Wt'.\J of riveting in a detail
of this khul so as to tie the end of the column into a single unit. 'The tit: IJlate is first checked for
its adequacy in transmitting the shear since it [unctions to take the plaa of a lacing bar ill the end
segment. 'flu riret group is found to be more than adequate. 'The anchorage bars are assumed
to be pretensioned 1o theirfull permissible stress oj I 260 kg/c1Il'J which is df.\irahle to ensure adequate
rotational rigidity. In order to check the moment capacity, it is assumed that a rectangulnr stress
block is deieloped similar to ichat would be expected at ulumate load but here shoun at the allowable
uorking bearing pressure on a concrete pier of 55 kg/on'!.. 'Jaking 1I10111(,.'l/) about the centre of the
bearingplate, it is found thai the moment caparitv is more than double tlie actual cpplied moment.
(It is obcious that the morecontentional assumption of triangular block ofpiessure would also provide
satisfactory resistance.i The additional safety with respect to moment is desirable and shouldprot.ide
adequate end fixity in accordance with design assumptions, The details fOT checking the thickness
of bearing plate shown as 3 em are also gil-en. There is approximately a JO-Oll oterhang beyond
the web ofthe main wide flange column members and this plate will distribute the load ill ItJS than
thepermissible I 890 kg/cm
l
stress/or bendingin the bearingplate.
'fie Plate
q en,
10 em
1324ern- t
*6'62 t
-'2,-
(j'61
-l-t
,\.:: t)-
400
Ul
729
2 Ul.i
:3 969
7 204
132,4
7 204 :.3j5
- OjH l<35j t
shear, ....

Ih l19 j2
l ll!J 4'5'!
@ 13:)% _.
@, 22:)2
.! (i1:: :I1.
1

HO
Shear i)cr tit' plate
Shear per group
Ill' rivets
Try sixteen 2U-111111 rivets:
..\vcragr vertical spacing
Horizontal spacing
STIFFENER
CG Of THE
: RIVETED GROUP
tOOcm
lOem
ANCHOR BOLTS --
r;
toem
No need to compute R". Rivets UJ1d( ... ill shear but needed to transfer load to
base plate.
* s., Sheet 10.
65

,
12
of
12
100cm
Deal... "amp'e 10
Desl,n of "'rln.
Plate and Anchora
DIs;". 0/B,a"", Piau
Assuming uniform load distribution:
T 100 X 70 em bearing plate.
Bearing pressure on concrete :::s 55 kg/cmI
t I:: v' _
F. 4
(Sill 1....2 orIS : 800-1956) rr

t =: ,y3X55 (10
1-0.)
= 3 em 70cml
1 890
elM", A.ru:/wragt I l'==========::::!l:::=:dll
Try 25-mm anchor bolts. L
Net area = O'7'x
4
= 343, em' (assuming net
area = O'7 gross area)
Assuming bearing on concrete base
as kgl cmI on rectangular stress block
of WIdth. say, a:
2xS'6t + 12:>
a 37 cm
Applied moment 175 mt (su Sheet 7)
Moment capacity 142.6 (JOO-37)
2
4 500 cmt> 1 750
..... OK.
With the conventional triangular distribution
70 x.55 X a
2'< 86+ 125 2XTooo
a ;,.: 74 em
Moment capacity 1426 (25)
3565 cmt> 1 750 emt
..... OK.
125 t

" It it conservative to assume B-O (s" sketch).
t AIIume anchor prctensioned to 1 260 Ita/em' :
2)( 1260)( ',43-86 t
66

SECTION V
CONCLUDING REMARKS CONCERNING
COLUMN DESIGN
12. EFFICIENCY OF COMPRESSION MEMBERS
12.1 The design examples presented in this chapter have shown that for
heavy loads and/or short lengths the centrally loaded column provides
an effective stress carrying member. Because of the lesser stress that is
permitted, the column is usually not quite as efficient as the tension member,
except in cases where large deductions must be made for net section of rivet
or bolt holes.
12.2 When small loads are to be carried over long distances, such as is the
case in secondary bracing, the column becomes an inefficient member
because of the very low stress that is permitted. When the permitted
column stress for the minimum practicable llr falls below 600 kg/cm
l
, it is
probable that the use of cross bracing, designed to carry the load in tension
only, may be more economical than the use of a single diagonal that shall
carry the load either in tension or compression. Thus column action is
eliminated. There are many illustrations to be found in actual structures
of such use of cross bracing. One such example is shown in Fig. 2 where
light cross bracing is used for end wind load and crane braking, both in the
plane of the roof and plane of the walls.
Figure 2 also shows crane runway girders carried by welded brackets
t t ~ h e to tapered columns ~ an alternate to stepped columns used in the
previous Design Example 10. The use of such brackets may introduce
more of a fatigue problem and will also cause greater eccentric moment
than the use of the stepped columns,
67
HANDBOOK 'OR STRUCTURAL ItNOIHEEItJ: STF.EL. COLUMN! :'NO STRl""
68

SECTION V : CONCLUDING REMAkKS CONCERNING COLUMN
TABLE I ALLOWABLE AVERAGE STRESSES FOR AXIAL COMPRESSION
(Clause 2.2)
lfr
F
o
l/r Jr.
rr:
.A
,.,
kK/em
l
tons/in.' kg/em!
(I) (2) (3) (I) (2) (3)
I 1233 783 45 I 187 754
2 I 233 783 46 11M 752
3 1233 783 47 I 18:1 751
4 1 232 782 48 1180 749
:J 1232 782 49 1 178 748
6 1232 782 50 I 175 746
7 1232 782 51 I 172 744-
8 1232 782 52 1 169 742
9 1232 7-82 53 I 165 740
10 1232 782 54 1 162 738
11 1230
;,81
55 1 159 736
12 1230 781 56 1 156 734
13 1230 781 57 1 153 732
14- 1 228 7-80 58 I 150 7-30
15 1228 780 59 1 145 7-27
16 1228 7-80 60 1140 7-24
17 1 '227 779
61 I 137 7-22
18 1 227 7-79 62 I 134 7-20
19 1225 778 63 I 129 717
20 1 225 778 64 1 124 714-
21 I 224 7-77 65 I 120 7-11
22 1224 l-77 66 1 115 7-08
23 1 222 776
67 1 110 705
24- 1221 775 68 I lOb "-02
25 1221 775 69 1101 699
26 1219 774 70 1096 6-96
27 1 217 773 71 I 090 692
28 1217 773 72 1085 689
29 12J6 772
73 1079 685
30 1214 771
74 1072 6-81
31 1 213 7-70 75 1 068 678
32 1211 7-69 76 1061 674
33 1210 7-68
77 1 055 670
34 1208 767
78 1050 667
35 1206 7-66 79 1044 6-63
36 1205 765
80 1038 659
37 1203 764 81 1032 655
38 1202 7-63 82 I 025 651
39 1200 762 83 1 017 646
40 1 198 761 84- 1009 641
41 I 195 759 85 1003 637
42 1 194- 758
86 996 6-32
43 1 192 757
87 989 628
44 1 189 755
88 981 623
(COfIIiItwd)
69

III IlAJlfDBOOX FOR ITaUaruRAL ItNOINUU: IftEL COLUMNS AND ITJltrl'l
TABLE I ALLOWABLE AVERAGE 8TRESIES POR AXIAL COMPRESSION-Cmttcl
1/, F. 1/,
F.
A A
kg/em
l
.
kg/em
l
tonl/in.-
(1) (2) (1 ) (2) (3)
89 973 6ui 135 592 ',76
90 965 613 136 586 372
91 958 608
137 578 367
92 950 603
138 572 363
93 942 598 139 565 359
94- 934 593 140 559 355
95 926 5-88
141 553 ',51
96 917 582
142 546 347
97 909 577 143
540 343
98 899 571 144- 534- 339
99 891 566
145
528 535
100 884 561
146 521 331
101 874 555 147 515 327
102 865 549 148 509 323
lOS 855 543
149 504- 320
104 847 538
150 499 317
105 838 532 151 491 312
106 830 527 152 485
308
107 821 521
153 479 304-
108 813 516
154- 472 300
109 803 510 155 466 296
110 795 505 156 461 293
III 786 499
157 455 289
112 776 4-93
158 449 285
113 769 488 159
444- 282
114 759 482 160 438 278
115 751 477
161 433 275
116 742 471
162 427 271
117 734 466 163 422 268
118 726 461 164 416 264
JI9 717
455
165 411 261
120 709 450
166 406 258
121 701 445 167 402 255
122 693 440 168 397

123 585 435
169 392 249
124 676 429
170 387 246
125 668 424 171 381 242
126 660 419 172 376 239
127 652 414-
173 972 236
128 644- 409
174 367 233
129 636 4()f 175 362 230
ISO 630 400 176 357 227
191 622 395
177 953 224-
132 614 390
178 348 221
133 608 386 179 345 219
134 600 381 180 340 216
70
taCTION Y : CONCLUDING uMAau OONCEIlHINO COLtJKN DUIOflt
TA8L& D APPROXIMATE IlADD OF GYRATION
(Clausu 2.3 41Id 2.4)
.,
...-b--.. t--b --..
~ l r a()oU' d
,..
'1
' 0-42 d
3[1r. -0-4141
x
.J. ';=0.2.9 b d r =0-.2 b
0. 1ry=O-Ub
I--b.....J
L
...1 y
~
r-
b
--.t
I
,,..1 'X=0-42d
1fx-0
03
d
41
rx :o.-odm
..JL..1ry=0-21 b
1 ry=O
o22b
fe-b --t
1:
r="o25d Ilr =0
03941
1 r :0-40 d
d ~ d x
d
u
1r
y
=0'21 b
1 r
y
. 0 -21 ~
b
-G! r =o-iselm
ITr :0-4041
HIr~ l l d
t "'
d x
1r
v
1: 0-24 b
.,
.......b---t
~ b ~ l
ffi
1
r. -o-Id [ ]1fOo,.d
r
x
.0-42 d
"-X
--
,..-1
...1 r. -0-3 b
I-b 1 r: ++b)/lo
1f
y
=0-40 b
... ... J
'y =0-a5 b
t - - b ~
liIIr.o
o"
d
1[1 r. -OoJOd
dJ
'. -0-a9 cI
---.J- r -0-2' b
j J r -0-60b
r. -oas It
'1 _. Y Y
71

APPENDIX A
(See Foreword)
INDIAN STANDARDS ON PRODUCTION, DESIGN AND USE
OF STEEL IN STRUCTURES
lSI Las so far issued the following Indian Standards in the field ot-
production, design and utilization of steel and welding :
IS : 800-1956 CODE OF PRACTICE FOR Us.. : OF STRUCTURAL IN
GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
IS : 801-1958 CODE OF PRACTICE FOR USE OF COLU FORMED LIGHT
GAUGE STEEL STRUCTURAL MEMBERS IN GENERAL BUILDING CONS-
TRUCTION
IS : 804-1958 SI)ECIFI(;ATION FOR RECTANGULAR PRESSED STEEL 'rANKS
IS : COllE OF PRACTICE FOR USE OF ST":EL TUBES IN GENERAl.
BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
lS : 808-1957 SPECIFICATION FOR ROLLED STEEl. BEAM, ANn
ANGLE SECTIONS
I S : 812-1957 GLOSSARY OF 'fERMS RELATING TO WELDING AND UU1TINO
OF METALS
JS : 813-1961 SCIIEME OF SYMBOLS Ji'OR WELDING (Amended)
IS : 814-1957 SPECIFICATION FOR COVERED ELECTRODES POR METAL ARC
WELDING OF MILD STF..EL
IS : 815-1956 CLASSIFICATION AND CODINO ot COVERED ELECTRODES
FOR METAL ARC WELDING OF MILD STEEL AND Low ALLOY HIGH-
"rENSILE STEELS
IS : H16-1956 CODE OF PRACTICE FOR USE OF METAl.. ARc WELVINO FOR
GENERAL CONSTRUCTION IN MILD STEEL
IS : 817-1957 CODE OF PRACTICE FOR AND TESTING OF METAL
ARC WELDERS
JS : 818-1957 CODE OF PRACTICE FOR SAFETY AND HEALTH REQ,UIREMENTS
IN ELECTRIC AND GAS WELDING AND CUTTING OPERATIONS
IS : 819-1957 CODE OF PRACTICE FOR SPOT WELDING FOR
LIGHT Assl.MBLIES IN MILD STEEL
IS : 1173-1957 SPECIFICATION FOR ROLLED STEEL SECTIONS, TEE BARS
IS : 1179-1957 SPECIFICATION FOR EQ,UIPMENT FOR EVE AND FACE PROTEC-
TION DURING WELDING
72
APP&NDIX A
IS: 818-1968 CoDK OP PRAanCB FOR SAnTY AND nEALTH aaQ.ulUIGrrn
IN ELECTRIC AND GAl WELDING AND Ct.rIIlNG OPERATIONS (First
)
IS: 819-1957 CODB OF PRACTICE FOR RESISTANCE SPOT POR
LIGHT ASSEMBLIBS IN MILD STEEL
IS: 1173-1967 SP&CII!ICATION FOR HOT ROLLED AND SILT STEEL, TaB
BARS ( First revision )
IS: J179-1967 SPECIFICATION POR EQ,UIPMENT FOR EYE AND FACE PRO-
TECTION DURING WELDING ( First "vision)
IS: 1181-1967 QUALIFYINO TESTS POR METAL ARC WELDERS (ENGAOED
IN WELDINO STRUCTURES OTHER THAN PIPES) (First revision)
IS: 1182-1967 RECOMW.NDED PRACTICE FOR RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINA-
TION . OF FUSION WELDED BUTT JOINTS IN SnEL PLATES (First
"l'ision)
IS: 1252-1958SPECIFICATION FOR ROLLED STEEL SECTIONS, BULB ANOLa
IS: 1261-1959 CODE OP PRACTICB FOR SEAM WELDING IN MILD STEBL
IS: 1278-1972 SPECIPICATION FOR FILLER RODI AND WIRES FOR
WE,LDINO ( Second rt"ilion )
IS: 1323-1966 CODE 0.. PRACTICE fOR OXy-ACETYLENE WELDING FOR
STRUCTURAL WORK IN MILD STEltL ( Revised)
IS: 1395-1971 SPECIFICATION FOR. MOLYBDENUM AND CHROMIUM-MOLY-
BDltNUM-VANADIUM Low ALLOY STEEL ELECTRODES FOR METAL ARC
WELDING (Second ,nision )
IS: 1442-1964 SPECIPICATION POR COVERED ELECTRODES FOR THE METAL
ARC WELDING 0' HIGH TaNllLE STRUCTURAL STEEL ( Revised)
73
ApPENDIX B
(Se, Foreword)
COMPOSmON OF STRUCT1JRAL ENGINEElUNG SECTIONAL
COMMnTEE, SMDC 7
The lSI Structural Engineering Sectional Committee, SMDC 7, which
was responsible for processing this Handbook, consists of the following:
Ch.ir11UJ1I
DnlaCfoR, STANDARDS (CIviL)
llIpr,smting
Railway Board (Ministry of Railways1
Public Works Department,
Hindustan COnstruction Co. Lrd., Bombay
St.andard Engineering (;0. Ltd., Bombay
)nspecrion Wing, Directorate General of Supplies
& Disposals (Ministry of Works, Housing at
Supply)
Central Watt'r & Power Commission Wing),
Delhi
of Transport & 'Communications (Roads
. Wing) ,
Braithwaite, Burn at jessop Construction Co. Ltd.,
Calcutta ,
Committee on Plan Project, PJannir.g Commission,
New Delhi'
& Roof Co. (India) ua., l:alcutta
Public Works Department, Calcutta
. Branch, Army Headquarters
(.4ItInuJII) ,
K. R. Irani & Co., Bombay
Institution of (India), Calcutta
Richardson & (:ruddas Ltd., Bombay
SHal P. N"OARSHF.TH
SHRI C. SHAHANI
SHRI SARl'P SINOH
SHal P. L. DM
SHill Y. K. Mt.RTHY
Mmtbns
SHill P. BALAKRISHNAN
SHRJ D. I. PAUL
SHRJ B. N. BANNERJE
SHRJ RACHVDAS BAt:L
COL G. BENJAMIN
SHal R. s.
SH" J. G. BoDHE
SHill b. S. DUAl
F. j. FONSECA
W. FERNANDES (Allmaall)
JOINT DIRECfOR STASDAIlOS (8 & S) Railway Board of Railway..)
DEpUTY DIRECTOR STANDARDS (8 at S) (Allt,""u)
SHill S. C. MPl,;1t Central Public Works Department, New Delhi
KHltI C. P. Buildings. Organization of
works, Housing & Supply)
SURI SHRlltRlsnNA (Allmallll)
SHal L. R.
SHR. P. S. A
SHRI B. ='l.
SHRI T. S. \'DAGIRl \AIImuJIt) ,
SHRJ D. S. THAKUR Bombay Municipal Corporation, Bombay
SHIU A. R. \:AINOANXAR (AltmttJil)
R. P. E. V,uIFDAR . Bombar Port Trust, Bombay
SHRI V, \I.NlJOOPAUN Centra Water &. Power Commission (Power Winl),
New Delhi
5H" S. S. MURTHY (AllmuJlI)
SHaIB.
Depury Director (S &
Director, lSI (Ex-ojJicio Mtmbn)
Surtl4ry
SHRJ H. S. KRISHNAMURTHY
Auistant Director (S It M), lSI
74
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
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Telephones: 323 0131,323 3375,323 9402
Fax: 91 11 3234062,91 11 3239399,91 11 3239382
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Seth Bhawan, 2nd Floor, Behind Leela Cinema, Naval Kishore Road,
LUCKNOW 226001
NIT Building, Second FlOOr, Gokulpat Market, NAGPUR 440010
Patliputra Industrial Estate, PATNA 800013
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