Math 10B Winter 2014 with Dr.

Baker (Review Suggestions)

You should be able to nd

Trig Integrals (9B) sinn (x) cosm (x) dx for various integer pairs n, m. This typically

requires using Pythagorean and double angle identities. It is particularly useful to be able to integrate sin(x), cos(x), sin2 (x), cos2 (x), etc. over intervals of width a multiple of /2 o the top of your head using symmetry. Coordinate Systems Polar x = r cos() y = r sin() x2 + y 2 = r 2 dA = r dr d Cylindrical x = r cos() y = r sin() z=z x2 + y 2 = r 2 Spherical x = sin cos y = sin sin z = cos x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 2

dV = r dz dr d dV = 2 sin d d d You should know what precise distances/angles are measured by r, , , . Spherical and cylindrical are the same measurement. meausres distance from (x, y, z ) to (0, 0, 0) and r measures distance from (x, y, z ) to (0, 0, z ). Vector Line Integrals Given a parametric path x(t) = (x(t), y (t), z (t)), we dene: (M, N, P ) ds = M dx + N dy + P dz = (M, N, P ) T ds
x x x

dx dy dz , , dt dt dt dt dx dy dz dx := dt, dy := dt, dz := dt dt dt dt 1 T := v v This integral has the same value for for any parametrization with the same orientation. Reversing orientation multiplies the integral by -1. ds := v dt := Vector Surface Integrals (Fluxes) Given a parametric surface X(s, t) = (x(s, t), y (s, t), z (s, t)) with domain D, we dene: (M, N, P ) dS = (M, N, P ) n dS = (M, N, P ) N ds dt
X X D

where the notation means:

where the notation means: x y z x y z , , , , s s s t t t 1 n := N N This integral has the same value for for any parametrization with the same orientation. Reversing orientation multiplies the integral by -1. N := Ts Tt :=

Math 10B Winter 2014 with Dr. Baker (Review Suggestions)

Scalar Line and Surface Integrals f ds and

x X

f dS are calculated just as with vector line/surface integrals, except: ds = ds = v dt = (dx/dt)2 + (dy/dt)2 + (dz/dt)2 dt

dS = dS = N ds dt = Ts Tt ds dt These integrals have the same value for any parametrization, regardless of orientation. Integrating 1
C

1 dA =Area of Region D.
S

1 dV =Volume of Region D.
D

1 ds =Length of Curve C .

1 dS =Area of Surface S .

[Note: areas and volumes can also be expressed as integral of height or double integral of height, respectively.] Stokes Theorem Variants M N Greens Theorem: M dx + N dy = dA. x y D D B Fund. Theorem of Line Integrals: f ds = f (B ) f (A), over any path from A to B . A F dV . F dS = Gausss Theorem: D D Stokes Theorem: F dS = F ds.
S S

Orientation matters! For Greens Theorem, D is oriented so that D is on the left. For Gausss Theorem, D is oriented by the outward normal. For Stokes Theorem, the surface and boundary curves are compatibly oriented. Conservative Vector Fields A vector eld F is conservative if any (hence all) the following are true: F = f =
A C B

f f f , , x y z

for some scalar function f , called the potential.

F ds takes the same value for all paths from A to B . F ds = 0 for all closed curves C .

Additional facts about conservative-ness: If F is conservative then F = 0 at every point. (So if F is not always zero, F is not conservative.) If F = 0 at every point AND the domain of F is simply connected, then F is conservative.