Basic Trigonometric Formulae

Prepared By: Mirza Usman Khan at Study Helpers | @ mirzausman@live.com , +92 321 77 44 77 8
Fundamental
Formulas
2 2
2 2
2 2
sin cos 1
1 tan sec
1 cot csc
u u
u u
u u
+ =
+ =
+ =

2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
sin 1 cos
cos 1 sin
tan sec 1
cot csc 1
u u
u u
u u
u u
=
=
=
=

u

0

180

30

60

90

270

sinu

0 0 1
2

3
2

1 -1
cosu

1 -1
3
2

1
2

0 0
tanu

0 0 1
3

3

Note: Cosecant, Secant and Cotangent values
can be found by inverting the given values.
Double Angle Identities
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
sin sin cos cos sin
sin sin cos cos sin
cos cos cos sin sin
cos cos cos sin sin
tan tan
tan
1 tan tan
tan tan
tan
1 tan tan
o | o | o |
o | o | o |
o | o | o |
o | o | o |
o |
o |
o |
o |
o |
o |
+ = +
=
+ =
= +
+
+ =

=
+

( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
sin sin sin sin cos cos o | o | o | o | + = =
Double Angle Identities
2
2 2 2 2
2 2
2
2tan 1 tan
sin 2 2sin cos ; cos 2 cos sin 2cos 1 1 sin 2
1 tan 1 tan
2tan
tan 2
1 tan
o o
o o | o o o o o
o o
o
o
o

= = = = = =
+ +
=

Half Angle Identities
1 cos 1 cos 1 cos
cos , sin , tan
2 2 2 2 2 1 cos
o o o o o o
o
+
= = =
+

Triple Angle Identities
3
3 3
2
3tan tan
sin3 3sin 4sin cos3 4cos 3cos tan3
1 3tan
o o
o o o o o o o
o

= = =

Sum and Differences of Sines and Cosines
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) sin sin 2sin cos , sin sin 2cos sin o | o | o | o | o | o | + + = + =
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) cos cos 2cos cos , cos cos 2sin sin a o | o | o | o | | o | + + = + =
sin sin 2sin cos , sin sin 2cos sin
2 2 2 2
o | o | o | o |
o | o |
+ +
+ = =
cos cos 2cos cos , cos cos 2sin sin
2 2 2 2
o | o | o | o |
o | o |
+ +
+ = =

Periods of Sine, Cosine and Tangent
is period of and is period of and 2 sin,cos,csc, sec tan cot
Solution of Oblique Triangles
Law of Sines
sin sin sin
a b c
o |
= =
Law of Cosines
2 2 2
2 2 2
2 2 2
2 cos
2 cos
2 cos
a b c bc
b a c ac
c b c bc
o
|

= +
= +
= +

Law of Tangents
tan tan tan
2 2 2
, ,
tan tan tan
2 2 2
a b b c c a
a b b c c a
o | | o
o | | o


= = =
+ + +
+ + +




Basic Trigonometric Formulae
Prepared By: Mirza Usman Khan at Study Helpers | @ mirzausman@live.com , +92 321 77 44 77 8
Half Angle Formulae
2
a b c
s
+ +
=
( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( )
sin , sin , sin
2 2 2
s b s c s c s a s a s b
bc ca ab
o |

= = =
( ) ( ) ( )
cos , cos , cos
2 2 2
s s a s s b s s c
bc ac ab
o |

= = =
( )( )
( )
( )( )
( )
( )( )
( )
tan , tan , tan
2 2 2
s b s c s c s a s a s b
s s a s s b s s c
o |

= = =



When to use which formula?
When Use
One Side and Two Angles are given Law of Sines
Two Sides and One Angle are given First: Law of Cosines Second: Law of Sines
Or
First: Law of Tangents Second: Law of Sines
Three Sides and No (zero) Angles are given Law of Cosines Or Half Angle Formulae

Area of Triangle
Case I: Area of Triangle in Terms of the Measures of Two Sides and Their Included Angle
1 1
sin sin sin
2 2 2
bc ca ab o |
1
A = = =
Case II: Area of Triangle in Terms of the Measures of One Side and Two Angles
2 2 2
sin sin sin sin sin sin
2sin 2sin 2sin
a b c | o o |
o |
A = = =
Case III: Area of Triangle in Terms of the Measures its Sides (all three but no angle)
( )( )( ) and
2
a b c
s s s a s b s c
+ +
= A =
Circles Connected with Traingle
Circum-Circle:
2sin 2sin 2sin 4
a b c abc
R
o |
= = = =
A

In-Circle (Inscribed Circle): r
s
A
=
Escribed Circle:
1 2 3
, , r r r
s a s b s c
A A A
= = =