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Institutional Arrangements for Natural Disaster Management

A Review of National Implementation of Priority 1 of the Hyogo Framework for Action

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Managing Vulnerability in East Asia World Bank June 25 - 26, Siam City Hotel, Bangkok
Angelika Planitz Programme Officer ISDR secretariat Bangkok

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Overview
Global and Regional Data on Disaster Trends

UN ISDR & Hyogo Framework for Action

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Progress, Challenges and Opportunities for HFA Implementation

Frequency and severity on the rise

Source: OFDA/CRED International Disaster Database

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Trend of economic & insured losses

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Source: Munich Re

The link between disaster and development

Disaster risk is lower in high development countries compared with low development countries. Development processes intervene in the translation of physical exposure to hazards into disaster risk
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Source: Reducing Disaster Risk A Challenge for Development, UNDP 2004

Natural disaster event density in Asia

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International Strategy for Disaster Reduction

The UN Systems responsibility in the area of disaster reduction falls within the overall framework of the ISDR System the successor arrangement to the IDNDR ISDR Objective: To reduce disaster risk as an integral part of sustainable development, worldwide by focusing on nations and communities The ISDR System combines the strengths of many key players and is supported by the ISDR secretariat based in Geneva with outreach offices in Bangkok, Kobe, Bonn, Nairobi, Panama, Dushanbe, Iran, Islamabad, Addis Ababa and Cairo. The ISDR secretariat was mandated by the UN General Assembly as the main UN coordinating mechanism for DRR The ISDR secretariat is not operational and works predominantly through ISDR System partners

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The Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) 2005 - 2015

Represents the collective commitment of governments, regional and UN organizations, local authorities, NGOs and experts as well as IFIs States, in collaboration with civil society and local government, are primarily responsible for the implementation of the HFA

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The ISDR System is the custodian of the implementation and follow-up of the Hyogo Framework for Action 2005 2015

The Hyogo Framework for Action 20052015

Building the resilience of nations and communities to disasters

Strategic goals
Integrate disaster reduction into sustainable development Strengthen institutions and mechanisms to build resilience
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Incorporate risk reduction into emergency management and recovery

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Hyogo Framework for Action Priority 1 Ensure that disaster risk reduction is a national and a local priority with a strong institutional basis for implementation A disaster risk reduction legal framework exists A Multi-sectoral National Platform for disaster risk reduction is operational
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A national disaster risk reduction framework exists Dedicated resources are available for disaster risk reduction

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Progress at national level

Revision of Legislation:
Bangladesh, Fiji, India, Indonesia, Maldives, Sri Lanka

Institutional Frameworks:
India (NIDM), Maldives (NDMC), Pakistan (NDMA), Sri Lanka (NDMC), Thailand (NDWC)

National Platforms/Coordination Mechanisms:

Indonesia, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka

National DRR Strategies and Frameworks:

Bangladesh, Bhutan, Fiji, India, Indonesia, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Vietnam

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Strategic National Action Plans:

Cambodia, China, Cook Islands, Indonesia, Philippines, PNG, Republic of Marshall Islands, Samoa, Thailand, and Vanuatu

Dedicated Resources for DRR:

India, Indonesia, Mongolia, Nepal

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Challenges in Implementing the HFA

Policy and planning DRR not policy priority due to competing development priorities DRR not widely recognized as a development concern impeding mainstreaming efforts Gap between rhetoric/vision & actual commitment/action Minimal impact if not supported with resources/budget Minimal impact without capacities and skills to implement

Legal and regulatory framework Legislation is important, but does not guarantee success
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Often not adapted to the realities on the ground Remain frequently in draft stage, not being adopted Problem of enforcement Need to address problems of conflicting legislation

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Challenges in Implementing the HFA

Organizational structures Location of the coordinating body matters (ministry, level in hierarchy) Match mandates, roles and structures public administration aspects often ignored Decentralized DRM system shows greater potential for success Adapt to local organizational/administrative culture

Resources and capacities Fundamental to ensure implementation of policies, strategies, laws and regulations
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Over-reliance on technocratic/scientific approach which is not adapted to local context and capacities Focus not only on technical skills but also on leadership, management, planning and knowledge management skills Start with local capacities and knowledge

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Opportunities for implementing the HFA

Strategic National Action Plans (SNAP) for DRR Long-term planning document that identifies a countrys DRR priorities in line with the HFA and in accordance with its capacities. A cohesive programme that guides and facilitates implementation of the HFA in-country. A process that is multi-sector and multi-stakeholder driven and supported by in-country and international partners. Owned and approved by governments which are responsible for its design and implementation. Linked and integrated into national development plans, sector strategies, corporate business plans, and budgetary allocations.

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Opportunities for implementing HFA

National Platforms (NPs) for DRR
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Increase national leadership and commitment for DRR Coordinate action to facilitate HFA implementation, assessment and monitoring Build consensus at DRR priorities at national and community level Facilitate the mainstreaming of DRR into national development plans & sectors Provide a framework for cross-sectoral reflection on DRR and sharing of lessons learnt, good practices and experiences Ensure national and local interests are reflected in Regional Platform discussions Establish NPs where no coordination mechanisms exist or build in existing mechanisms and designate them as NPs

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How to implement HFA at the national level ?

Technical Tools
Words into Action: A Guide for Implementing the HFA Indicators of Progress: Guidance on Measuring the Reduction of Disaster Risks and the Implementation of the Hyogo Framework for Action Summary of Guiding Principles for National Platforms on Disaster Risk Reduction Integrating Disaster Risk Reduction into CCA and UNDAF Guidelines, UN/ISDR and UNDP, 2006. Living with Risk: A global review of disaster reduction initiatives A broad range of good practice and lessons learned publications on: gender and disaster risk management; building disaster resilient communities; drought risk reduction, etc.

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Disaster risk reduction is everyones business.

Thank you for your attention
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