Functions in Informatica

1 Character Functions: 1.1 LENGTH: The LENGTH function returns the number of characters in a string, including trailing blanks. It is available in the Designer and the orkflo! "anager. LENGTH #string$ Example: The follo!ing e%&ression returns the length of each customer name' LENGTH #()*T+"E,-N."E$ ()*T+"E,-N."E Leonardo N)LL Ed!in /ritto 1.2 LPAD: ,ET),N 0.L)E 1 N)LL 23 The L4.D function adds a set of blanks or characters to the beginning of a string, to set a string to a s&ecified length. It is available in the Designer and the orkflo! "anager. L4.D #first-string, length 5, second-string6$ Example: The follo!ing e%&ression standardi7es numbers to five digits b8 &adding them !ith leading 7eros. L4.D #N)", 9, :;:$ N)" 2 39; 1. LT!"#: ,ET),N 0.L)E ;;;;2 ;;39; The LT,I" function removes blanks or characters from the beginning of a string. It is available in the Designer and the orkflo! "anager. LT,I" #string 5, trim-set6$ LT,I" #string$ removes the leading s&aces or blanks from the string. hen LT,I" function is used !ith a trim set, !hich is o&tional, it removes the characters in the trim set from the string. Example : The follo!ing e%&ression removes the leading 7eroes in the &ort ITE"-(+DE. LT,I" #ITE"-(+DE,:;:$ ITE"-(+DE ;;< ;1;= ,ET),N 0.L)E < 1;= > The LT,I" function can be nested !hen needed to remove multi&le characters. 1.$ !PAD: The ,4.D function converts a string to a s&ecified length b8 adding blanks or characters to the end of the string. It is available in the Designer and the orkflo! "anager. ,4.D# first-string, length 5, second-string 6 $ Example: The follo!ing e%&ression returns the string !ith a length of 9 characters, a&&ending the string :': to the end of each !ord' ,4.D # +,D, 9, :'?$ +,D Date Time 1.% !T!"#: ,ET),N 0.L)E Date' Time' The ,T,I" function removes blanks or characters from the end of a string. It is available in the Designer and the orkflo! "anager. ,T,I" #string 5, trim-set6$ The ,T,I" function can be combined !ith the LENGTH function if the trailing blanks are to be ignored. It can also be nested !hen needed to remove multi&le characters. ,T,I" #string$ removes the trailing s&aces or blanks from the string. hen ,T,I" function is used !ith a trimset, !hich is o&tional, it removes the characters in the trimset from the string. For e%am&le, ,T,I" #ITE"-(+DE,:2;:$ The above e%&ression removes the characters 2; in the &ort ITE"-(+DE. ITE"-(+DE ;<2; =1; ,ET),N 0.L)E ;< =1 In the second e%am&le the function removes the trailing 7ero since the ,T,I" com&ares the first character in the trimset !ith the last character of the string, since it does not match it takes the second character in the trimset and com&ares !ith last character of the string. *ince it matches it removes it. 1.& '()'T!: The *)/*T, function returns a &ortion of a string. It is available in the Designer and the orkflo! "anager. *)/*T,# string, start 5, length 6 $ The *)/*T, ma8 not give the desired result if the string on !hich it is used is not trimmed. Though it is al!a8s a good &ractice to trim the strings before using them in an8 e%&ression, it becomes e%tremel8 im&ortant to trim them if the8 are used in a *)/*T, function. For e%am&le, if there is a function

*)/*T, #N."E, 3,3$ It !ill not return the 3,= characters of the N."E if the &ort has leading s&aces. In this case LT,I" becomes essential. *)/*T,#LT,I"#N."E$,3,3$ The *)/*T, function can also be used to get the last fe! characters as described belo!. *)/*T,#N."E,@=,=$ This function !ill return the last three characters of the string. /ut it ma8 not return the reAuired last three characters if the &ort has trailing blanks, hence ,T,I" is essential. *)/*T,#,T,I"#N."E$,@=,=$ Hence it is al!a8s better to trim the strings before using them in a *)/*T, function. *)/*T,#LT,I"#,T,I"#N."E$$,=,3$ The above e%&ression !ill get the =,B character of the &ort N."E irres&ective of !hether the &ort has leading or trailing blanks or not. 2 Con*ersion Functions: 2.1 T+,CHA!: The T+-(H., function converts numeric values and dates to te%t strings. It is available in the Designer and the orkflo! "anager. T+-(H.,# numeric-value $ T+-(H., #date 5, format 6 $ Example : The follo!ing e%&ression converts the values in the *.LE* &ort to te%t' T+-(H., #*.LE* $ *.LE* 21;;.;= @33.9C1D2 ,ET),N 0.L)E :21;;.;=: :@33.9C1D2: The follo!ing e%&ression converts the dates in the D.TE-4,+"I*ED &ort to te%t in the format "+N DD EEEE' T+-(H., #D.TE-4,+"I*ED, :"+N DD EEEE: $ D.TE-4,+"I*ED .&r 2 2DD1 23';;'2;." ,ET),N 0.L)E :.&r ;2 2DD1: If !e omit the format-string argument, T+-(H., returns a string in the default date format F""GDDGEEEE?. e can use (onversion functions !ith D.TE functions in order to do some calculations. The follo!ing com&osite e%&ression converts the string D.TE-4,+"I*ED to date, adds 2 to it and then converts the same to te%t string !ith the format EEEE""DD. T+-(H.,#.DD-T+-D.TE#T+-D.TE#D.TE-4,+"I*ED$,:DD:,2$,:EEEE""DD:$ Test functions can also be used !ith (onversion functions. The follo!ing e%&ression uses I*-D.TE along !ith T+-(H.,. I*-D.TE#T+-(H.,#D.TE-4,+"I*ED,:EEEE""DD:$$ > T+-(H., returns N)LL if invalid Date is &assed to the function. 2.2 T+,DATE: The T+-D.TE function converts a character string to a date datat8&e in the same format as the character string. It is available in the Designer and the orkflo! "anager. T+-D.TE# string 5, format 6 $ Example : The follo!ing e%&ression returns date values for the strings in the D.TE-4,+"I*ED &ort. T+-D.TE al!a8s returns a date and time. If !e &ass a string that does not have a time value, the date returned al!a8s includes the time ;;';;';;. If !e e%ecute a session in the t!entieth centur8, the centur8 !ill be 2D. The current 8ear on the machine running the Informatica *erver is 2DD1' T+-D.TE# D.TE-4,+"I*ED, :""GDDGEE: $ D.TE-4,+"I*ED :23G31G12: N)LL ,ET),N 0.L)E Dec 31 2D12 ;;';;';; N)LL The format of the string must e%actl8 be the format given in the T+-D.TE function. > T+-D.TE function fails if invalid date entries are given. To avoid this !e must use I*-D.TE function to check if the string has a valid date to be converted. 2. T+,DEC"#AL: The T+-DE(I".L function converts an8 value #e%ce&t binar8$ to a decimal. It is available in the Designer. T+-DE(I".L# value 5, scale 6 $ Example : This e%&ression uses values from the &ort IN-T.H. The datat8&e is decimal !ith &recision of 2; and scale of =' T+-DE(I".L# IN-T.H, = $ IN-T.H :29.<C1D: N)LL :.23.=Grove: ,ET),N 0.L)E 29.<C1 N)LL ; e can also use t!o conversion functions together in a single e%&ression. The follo!ing e%&ression uses the functions T+-DE(I".L and T+-(H.,. T+-DE(I".L#T+-(H.,#D.TE-4,+"I*ED,:EEEE""DD:$$ 2.$ T+,FL+AT: The T+-FL+.T function converts an8 value #e%ce&t binar8$ to a double@&recision floating &oint number #the Double datat8&e$. It is available in the Designer and the orkflo! "anager. T+-FL+.T# value $ Example : This e%&ression uses values from the &ort IN-T.H' T+-FL+.T# IN-T.H $ IN-T.H

:29.<C1D: N)LL 2.% T+,"NTEGE!: ,ET),N 0.L)E 29.<C1D N)LL The T+-INTEGE, function converts an8 value #e%ce&t binar8$ to an integer b8 rounding the decimal &ortion of a value. It is available in the Designer and the orkflo! "anager. T+-INTEGE,# value $ Example : This e%&ression uses values from the &ort IN-T.H' T+-INTEGE,# IN-T.H $ IN-T.H :29.<C1D: :<;.3: ,ET),N 0.L)E 2< <; Date Functions: Date Format *trings in the Transformation ,eference D, DD, DDD, D.E, DE, I Da8s #;2@=2$. e can use an8 of these format strings to s&ecif8 the entire da8 &ortion of a date. For e%am&le, if !e &ass 23@.4,@2DDC to a date function, !e can use an8 of these format strings s&ecif8 23. HH, HH23, HH3B Hour of da8 #; to 3=$, !here 7ero is 23 ." #midnight$. e can use an8 of these formats to s&ecif8 the entire hour &ortion of a date. For e%am&le, if !e &ass the date 23@.4,@2DDC 3';2'=3 4", !e can use HH, HH23, or HH3B to s&ecif8 the hour &ortion of the date. "I "inutes. "", "+N, "+NTH "onth &ortion of date #; to 9D$. e can use an8 of these format strings to s&ecif8 the entire month &ortion of a date. For e%am&le, if !e &ass 23@.4,@ 2DDC to a date function, !e can use "", "+N, or "+NTH to s&ecif8 .4,. ** , **** *econd &ortion of date #; to 9D$. E, EE, EEE, EEEE , ,, Eear &ortion of date #2C9= to DDDD$. e can use an8 of these format strings to s&ecif8 the entire 8ear &ortion of a date. For e%am&le, if !e &ass 23@ .4,@2DDC to a date function, !e can use E, EE, EEE, or EEEE to s&ecif8 2DDC. .1 ADD,T+,DATE The .DD-T+-D.TE function adds a s&ecified amount to one &art of a dateGtime value, and returns a date in the same format as the s&ecified date. Note: If !e do not s&ecif8 the 8ear as EEEE, the Informatica *erver assumes the date is in the current centur8. It is available in the Designer and the orkflo! "anager. .DD-T+-D.TE# date, format, amount $ Example : The follo!ing e%&ression adds one month to each date in the D.TE-*HI44ED &ort. If !e &ass a value that creates a da8 that does not e%ist in a &articular month, the Informatica *erver returns the last da8 of the month. For e%am&le, if !e add one month to Ian =2 2DD1, the Informatica *erver returns Feb 31 2DD1. .lso note, .DD-T+-D.TE recogni7es lea& 8ears and adds one month to Ian 3D 3;;;' .DD-T+-D.TE# D.TE-*HI44ED, :"":, 2 $ D.TE-*HI44ED Ian 23 2DD1 23';;'=;." ,ET),N 0.L)E Feb 23 2DD1 23';;'=;." The follo!ing e%&ression subtracts 2; da8s from each date in the D.TE-*HI44ED &ort' .DD-T+-D.TE# D.TE-*HI44ED, :D:, @2; $ D.TE-*HI44ED Ian 2 2DDC 23';;'=;." ,ET),N 0.L)E Dec 33 2DD< 23';;." The follo!ing e%&ression subtracts 29 hours from each date in the D.TE-*HI44ED &ort' .DD-T+-D.TE# D.TE-*HI44ED, :HH:, @29 $ D.TE-*HI44ED Ian 2 2DDC 23';;'=;." ,ET),N 0.L)E Dec =2 2DD< D';;'=;." In .DD-T+-D.TE function, if the argument &assed evaluates to a date that does not e%ist in a &articular month, the Informatica *erver returns the last da8 of the month. The follo!ing e%&ression reveals this. .DD-T+-D.TE# D.TE-*HI44ED, :"+N:, = $ D.TE-*HI44ED Ian =2 2DD1 <'3B'B94" .2 DATE,C+#PA!E ,ET),N 0.L)E .&r =; 2DD1 <'3B'B94" The D.TE-(+"4.,E function returns a value indicating the earlier of t!o dates. It is available in the Designer and the orkflo! "anager. D.TE-(+"4.,E# date2, date3 $ Example : The follo!ing e%&ression com&ares each date in the D.TE-4,+"I*ED and D.TE-*HI44ED &orts, and returns an integer indicating !hich date is earlier' D. D.TE-(+"4.,E # D.TE-4,+"I*ED, D.TE-*HI44ED $ D.TE-4,+"I*ED Ian 2 2DDC Feb 2 2DDC Dec 33 2DDC . DATE,D"FF

D.TE-*HI44ED Ian 2= 2DDC Feb 2 2DDC Dec 29 2DDC ,ET),N 0.L)E @2 ; 2 The D.TE-DIFF function returns the length of time bet!een t!o dates, measured in the s&ecified increment #8ears, months, da8s, hours, minutes, or seconds$. It is available in the Designer and the orkflo! "anager. D.TE-DIFF# date2, date3, format $ E%am&le' The follo!ing e%&ressions return the number of da8s bet!een the D.TE-4,+"I*ED and the D.TE-*HI44ED &orts' D.TE-DIFF D.TE-DIFF # D.TE-4,+"I*ED, D.TE-*HI44ED, :D: $ D.TE-DIFF D.TE-DIFF # D.TE-4,+"I*ED, D.TE-*HI44ED, :DD: $ D.TE-4,+"I*ED Ian 2 2DDC 23';;';;." "ar 3D 2DDC 23';;';;4" D.TE-*HI44ED "ar 3D 2DDC 23';;';;4" Ian 2 2DDC 23';;';;." ,ET),N 0.L)E @1C.9 1C.9 e can combine D.TE functions and TE*T functions so as to validate the dates. For e%am&le, !hile using the D.TE functions like D.TE-(+"4.,E and D.TE-DIFF, the dates given as in&uts can be validated using the TE*T function I*-D.TE and then &assed to them if valid. .$ GET,DATE,PA!T The GET-D.TE-4.,T function returns the s&ecified &art of a date as an integer value, based on the default date format of ""GDDGEEEE HH3B'"I'**. It is available in the Designer and the orkflo! "anager. GET-D.TE-4.,T# date, format $ Example: The follo!ing e%&ressions return the da8 for each date in the D.TE-*HI44ED &ort' GE GET-D.TE-4.,T # D.TE-*HI44ED, :D: $ GEGET-D.TE-4.,T # D.TE-*HI44ED, :DD: $ D.TE-*HI44ED "ar 2= 2DDC 23';;';;." Iune = 2DDC 22'=;'BB4" N)LL .% LA'T,DA,ET),N 0.L)E 2= = N)LL The L.*T-D.E function returns the date of the last da8 of the month for each date in a &ort. It is available in the Designer and the orkflo! "anager. L.*T-D.E# date $ Example : The follo!ing e%&ression returns the last da8 of the month for each date in the +,DE,-D.TE &ort' L.*T-D.E# +,DE,-D.TE $ +,DE,-D.TE ,ET),N 0.L)E .&r 2 2DD1 23';;';;." Ian < 2DD1 23';;';;." .&r =; 2DD1 23';;';;." Ian =2 2DD1 23';;';;." D.TE functions combine !ith (onversion functions also. The follo!ing e%&ression has L.*T-D.E and T+-D.TE functions nested or combined together. L.*T-D.E# T+-D.TE# GI0EN-D.TE, :DD@"+N@EE: $$ .& #A. The ".H function returns the latest date found in a grou&. It is available in the Designer. ".H# date, filter-condition $ e can return the ma%imum date for a &ort or grou&. Example: The follo!ing e%&ression returns the ma%imum order date for flashlights' ".H# +,DE,D.TE, ITE"-N."EJ:Flashlight: $ ITE"-N."E Flashlight ,egulator *8stem Flashlight Diving Hood Halogen Flashlight Flashlight ,ET),N 0.L)E' +ct 2; 2DD1 ./ #"N +,DE,-D.TE .&r 3; 2DD1 "a8 29 2DD1 *e& 32 2DD1 .ug 21 2DD1 Feb 2 2DD1 +ct 2; 2DD1 The "IN function returns the earliest date found in a grou&. It is available in the Designer.

"IN# date, filter-condition $ Example: The follo!ing e%&ression returns the oldest order date for flashlights' "IN# +,DE,-D.TE, ITE"-N."EJ:Flashlight: $ ITE"-N."E Flashlight ,egulator *8stem Flashlight Diving Hood +,DE,-D.TE .&r 3; 2DD1 "a8 29 2DD1 *e& 32 2DD1 .ug 21 2DD1 Halogen Flashlight Flashlight ,ET),N 0.L)E' Feb 2 2DD1 .0 !+(ND Feb 2 2DD1 +ct 2; 2DD1 The ,+)ND function rounds one &art of a date. It is available in the Designer and the orkflo! "anager. ,+)ND# date 5, format 6 $ Example: The follo!ing e%&ressions round the month &ortion of each date in the D.TE-*HI44ED &ort. ,+)ND# D.TE-*HI44ED, :"": $ ,+)ND# D.TE-*HI44ED, :"+N: $ D.TE-*HI44ED Ian 29 2DD1 3'2;'=;." ,ET),N 0.L)E Ian 2 2DD1 23';;';;." *imilarl8 the ,+)ND function can be used to round off Eear, Da8 or Time &ortions. .1 'ET,DATE,PA!T The *ET-D.TE-4.,T function sets one &art of a dateGtime value to a s&ecified value. It is available in the Designer and the orkflo! "anager. *ET-D.TE-4.,T# date, format, value $ Example: The follo!ing e%&ressions change the month to Iune for the dates in the D.TE-4,+"I*ED &ort. The Informatica *erver dis&la8s an error !hen !e tr8 to create a date that does not e%ist, such as changing "arch =2 to Iune =2' *ET-D.TE-4.,T# D.TE-4,+"I*ED, :"":, < $ *ET-D.TE-4.,T# D.TE-4,+"I*ED, :"+N:, < $ D.TE-4,+"I*ED Ian 2 2DDC 23'29'9<." N)LL ,ET),N 0.L)E Iun 2 2DDC 23'29'9<." N)LL *imilarl8 the *ET-D.TE-4.,T function can be used to round off Eear, Da8 or Time &ortions. .12 T!(NC The T,)N( function truncates dates to a s&ecific 8ear, month, da8, hour, or minute. It is available in the Designer and the orkflo! "anager. T,)N(# date 5, format 6 $ Example: The follo!ing e%&ressions truncate the 8ear &ortion of dates in the D.TE-*HI44ED &ort' T,)N(# D.TE-*HI44ED, :E: $ T,)N(# D.TE-*HI44ED, :EE: $ D.TE-*HI44ED Ian 29 2DD1 3'2;'=;." ,ET),N 0.L)E Ian 2 2DD1 23';;';;." *imilarl8 the T,)N( function can be used to truncate "onth , Da8 or Time &ortions. The functions T,)N( K ,+)ND can be nested in order to mani&ulate dates. $ 'pecial Functions: $.1 DEC+DE The DE(+DE function searches a &ort for the s&ecified value. It is available in the Designer and the orkflo! "anager. DE(+DE# value, first-search, first-result 5, second-search, second-result 6L5, default 6 $ Example: e might use DE(+DE in an e%&ression that searches for a &articular ITE"-ID and returns the ITE"-N."E' DE(+DE# ITE"-ID, 2;, :Flashlight:, 2B, :,egulator:, 3;, :Mnife:, B;, :Tank:, :N+NE: $ ITE"-ID 2; 2B 2C $.2 ""F ,ET),N 0.L)E Flashlight ,egulator N+NE The IIF function returns one of t!o values !e s&ecif8, based on the results of a condition. It is available in the Designer and the orkflo! "anager. IIF# condition, value3 5, value3 6 $ Example : IIF# *.LE* N 2;;, ;, *.L.,E $ *.LE* 29; 9;

*.L.,E 9;,;;;.;; 3;,;;;.;; ,ET),N 0.L)E 9;,;;; ; N)LL 9;,;;;.B2 9;,;;; IIF functions can be nested if there is more than one condition to be tested. /ut it is al!a8s a better o&tion to go for DE(+DE function !hen the number of conditions is large since DE(+DE function is less costlier com&ared to IIF function. For e%am&le consider the follo!ing e%&ression IIF#".,M*OJD;,:.:, #IIF#".,M*OJ C9,:/:, #IIF#".,M*OJ<9,:(:, #IIF#".,M*OJ99,:D:, IIF#".,M*OJB9,:E:, :F:$$$$$$$$ The same result can be obtained !ith DE(+DE#T,)E, ".,M*OJD;,:.:, ".,M*OJC9,:/:, ".,M*OJ<9,:(:, ".,M*OJ99,:D:, ".,M*OJB9,:E:, :F:$ hen the number of conditions increase !e !ill be able to a&&reciate the sim&licit8 of the DE(+DE function and the com&le%it8 of the IIF function. In both the cases , If ".,M*OD; it !ill return :.: though it satisfies all the conditions given. It is because it returns !hen the first condition is satisfied. Therefore even if a &ort satisfies t!o or more the conditions it !ill take onl8 the first one. Therefore +rdering is im&ortant in IIF and DE(+DE functions. $. E!!+!: The E,,+, function causes the Informatica *erver to ski& a record and thro!s an error message defined b8 the user. It is available in the Designer. E,,+,# string $ Example : The follo!ing e%am&le sho!s ho! 8ou can reference a ma&&ing that calculates the average salar8 for em&lo8ees in all de&artments of 8our com&an8, but ski&s negative values. The follo!ing e%&ression nests the E,,+, function in an IIF e%&ression so that if the Informatica *erver finds a negative salar8 in the *alar8 &ort, it ski&s the ro! and dis&la8s an error' IIF# *.L.,E N ;, E,,+, #:Error. Negative salar8 found. ,o! ski&&ed.:, E"4-*.L.,E $ *.L.,E ,ET),N 0.L)E 2;;;; 2;;;; @29;;; :Error. Negative salar8 found. ,o! ski&&ed.: The belo! e%am&le combines t!o s&ecial functions, a test Function and a conversion function. IIF#I*-D.TE#D.TE-4,+"I*ED,:""GDDGEE:$,T+-D.TE#D.TE-4,+"I*ED$,E,,+,#:Invalid Date:$$ $.$ L++3(P: The L++M)4 function searches for a &articular value in a looku& source column. It is available in the Designer. L++M)4# result, search2, value2 5, search3, value36L $ Example : The follo!ing e%&ression searches the looku& source 'TD.*.LE* for a s&ecific item ID and &rice, and returns the item name if both searches find a match' L++M)4# 'TD.*.LE*.ITE"-N."E, 'TD.*.LE*.ITE"-ID, 2;, 'TD.*.LE*.4,I(E, 29.DD $ ITE"-N."E ,egulator Flashlight % Test Functions: %.1 "'N(LL ITE"-ID 9 2; 4,I(E 2;;.;; 29.DD The I*N)LL function returns !hether a value is N)LL. It is available in the Designer and the orkflo! "anager. I*N)LL# value $ Example : The follo!ing e%am&le checks for null values in the items table' I*N)LL I*N)LL # ITE"-N."E $ ITE"-N."E Flashlight N)LL :: %.2 "',DATE ,ET),N 0.L)E ; #F.L*E$ 2 #T,)E$ ; #F.L*E$ Em&t8 string is not N)LL The I*-D.TE function returns !hether a value is a valid date. It is available in the Designer and the orkflo! "anager. I*-D.TE# value $ Example : The follo!ing e%&ression checks the IN0+I(E-D.TE &ort for valid dates' I*-D.TE# IN0+I(E-D.TE $ This e%&ression returns data similar to the follo!ing' IN0+I(E-D.TE N)LL 21;

:;BG;2GD1: :;BG;2G2DD1 ;;'23'29: :;3G=2G2DD1 23'2='99: :Iohn *mith: ,ET),N 0.L)E N)LL ; #F.L*E$ ; #F.L*E$ 2 #T,)E$ ; #F.L*E$ #Februar8 does not have =2 da8s$ ; #F.L*E$ This function can also be used to validate a date for a s&ecified format for !hich the s8nta% is I*-D.TE# value, format $ If the format is not s&ecified, F""GDDGEEEE? is taken as the default format. %. "',N(#)E! The I*-N)"/E, returns !hether a string is a valid number. It is available in the Designer and the orkflo! "anager. I*-N)"/E,# value $ Example : The follo!ing e%&ression checks the ITE"-4,I(E &ort for valid numbers' I*-N)"/E,# ITE"-4,I(E $ ITE"-4,I(E 23=.;; @=.B9eP= :: P23=abc ./( @./( N)LL ,ET),N 0.L)E 2 #True$ 2 #True$ ; #False$ Em&t8 string ; #False$ ; #False$ ; #False$ N)LL %.$ "','PACE' The I*-*4.(E* function returns !hether a value consists entirel8 of s&aces. It is available in the Designer and the orkflo! "anager. I*-*4.(E*# value $ Example : The follo!ing e%&ression checks the ITE"-N."E &ort for ro!s that consist entirel8 of s&aces' I*-*4.(E* I*-*4.(E* # ITE"-N."E $ ITE"-N."E Flashlight ,egulator s8stem ,ET),N 0.L)E ; #False$ 2 #True$ ; #False$