Language Research and Analysis The target language = Grammar, Vocabulary, Function Have to/had to; dont have

to, didnt have to Meaning o the TL We use ha!e to"has to to say it is necessary to do this in the present: You have to go home. We use don#t ha!e to"doesn#t ha!e to to say it is not necessary to do this in the present: You dont ha e to go to college. We use had to to say it was necessary to do this in the past: I had to visit him in the hospital. We use didn#t ha!e to to say it wasnt necessary to do this in the past. I didnt ha e to isit him in the hospital. We use the infiniti e after ha e to!had to: I have to come home. They didnt have to come home. We also use has to or had to when the sub"ect is it. It has to be locked at night (door. It had to be shut do!n (shop . #a e to $ ha e got to: ha e got to is used in spo%en &nglish. How will I introduce the TL? The context? The approach? I will elicit the target language from Ss..

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My assumptions o $s %nowledge (he students are aware of the meaning of the () and ha e had some practice. I will introduce them to *uestion forms using ha e to and short answer from during the lesson. The context and the approach I will use &licit the form from students and clarify if necessary. &ro'lems with meaning (()s

(): I have to attend class at the +ritish ,ouncil at - ./ on Is it necessary to attend class at -./0 Yes. wee%days. 1o you ha e a choice0 2o. I dont ha e to attend class on Sundays. Is it necessary to attend class on Sundays0 2o. Is there a choice0 Yes. ,an I get up early if you want to0 Yes. $ounds, Intonation, $tress, (onnected $peech

&ro'lems with pronunciation #a e to is pronounced as one word !h3ft4! 1ont ha e to: ! d4nt h3ft4! 1idnt ha e to: !! ddnt h3ft4!

&ro'lems with orm Language analysis We cannot use the contraction of ha e not 5$ha ent67 has not 5$hasnt67 had not 5$hadnt6 to say something is or .lease see 8ppendi9 8 wasnt necessary. We say: dont ha e to7 didnt ha e to7

&ro'lems with practice acti!ities

$olutions

.ractice acti ity at e9ercise ': is rather complicated. Ss ;i e the students time to study the e9ercise. may not understand the re*uirement at first. ;i e concise and step by step instructions. Written and spo%en practice acti ity may need e9tra time. .ay due attention to time factor during the lesson.

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$tage Lead in

Aim 8s% the students to predict the gist of a te9t based on information they already ha e.

Time * Interaction = (>Ss Ss>(

&rocedure Who is ;ary0 ;ary is a ta9i dri er. You are going to read what ;ary says about his "ob as a ta9i dri er. 1iscuss in your groups and guess what ;ary says about his "ob. I()s+ 8re you going to discuss in groups0 Yes

Tutor (omment

Ss ( Reading or gist 8ssign the Ss a tas% to read for gist. = (>Ss

1iscuss in groups &licit predictions and write on the W+. #ere is a piece of te9t in which ;ary tells us about his "ob. ?ead the te9t indi idually. 1iscuss in your groups about the main meaning of the te9t. I()s+ 8re you going to write anything0 2o. ;i e the gist of the ;arys te9t and compare with the predictions on the W+.

Ss>(

Reading to 8ssign the students the complete the gap same reading tas% and illed exercise, as% them to complete the gap fill e9ercise.

A (>Ss

.air the students. ?ead the te9t again. Fill in the blan%s with the correct form of have to. ,hec% your answers with your partner. I()s+ What are you going to fill in the blan%s0 ,orrect form of ha e to. With whom will you chec% your answers0 .artner.

Reading or 8ssign Ss a reading tas% speci ic detail, for specific detail.

B (>Ss Ss (>Ss

Study e9ercise C a. Study Ca ?ead the te9t for the third time. Write the answers to the *uestions in &9ercise C Dse full sentences. When you finish chec% the answers with your partners. e.g. '. What does a )ondon ta9i dri er ha e to %now0 8 )ondon ta9i dri er has to %now -=::: streets and all the important places in the city.

Ss (>Ss

I()s 8re you going to write the answers0 Yes. 8re you going to write full sentences0 Yes. 1o &9ercise 1 ,ompare answers. 1' What is the most surprising thing about a ta9i dri ers training0 State what they thin% is the most surprising thing about a ta9i dri ers training. Study e9ercise /a Study e9ercise Ba .resent simple: Insert the au9iliary do between the *uestion word and sub"ect in agreement with it and end the sentence with a0. Dse the au9iliary did as abo e.

Ss S>S (>Ss Ss>(

Introduce the $s to -uestion orm in the present simple and past simple using have to,

&licit the *uestion form of ha e to ./ a0+ .resent simple for *uestion '.

= (>Ss Ss Ss>(

.ast simple for *uestion ' (

&licit *uestion form from Ss and writes on W+

Introduce the $s to the orm o short answers to -uestions containing have to,

,larify the form of short answers to *uestions beginning with do and using have to.

< (>Ss Ss>(

&licit short answers to *uestion beginning with 1o!1oes using the sentence: I!you!we!they!he!she!it ha e to pay the fees0 )anguage analysis of the *uestion form using have to. Appendix A. (()s What is the au9iliary we use to form *uestions using have to in the simple past and present0 1o. In the past simple is the form of *uestions and short answers the same for both present and past simple tenses0 Yes

&ractice students positi!e negati!e answers,

the in and short

8ssign tas% to practice the @ (>Ss Ss in positi e and negati e short answers for *uestions beginning with do.

1o e9ercise / '. 8fter you finish, chec% your answers with your partners. I()s+ Which e9ercise are you going to do0 B b. 8re you going to chec% your answers with your partners0 Yes. &licit answers and write on W+. 1o e9ercise Bb

Ss

2urther practice on -uestion orming with ha!e to in the present simple and past simple using have to, Listening speci ic in ormation

8ssign the Ss a tas% to answer *uestions using have to in the present simple and past simple.

C (>Ss

Study e9ercise 3 a. (he first *uestion has been sol ed for you. 1o *uestions - to A. ,hec% your answers with your partner. I will now play a recording. .3 '0 (he recording contains the answers to the *uestions you ha e "ust formed in e9ercise E a. )isten to it and answer the *uestions you ha e written. I()s Which *uestions will you answer0 Fuestions we ha e "ust written.

or 8ssign Ss a tas% to form *uestions using ha e to in the present simple and past simple. 8ssign a listening for specific information tas% for the Ss.

= (>Ss

Ss>(e9t

)isten to audio 8nswer the *uestions. ,hec% answers with partners.

Listening and 8ssign Ss a listening and spea%ing tas% to spea%ing tas% to practice practice the ha e to and you grammar

': (>Ss Ss

Study e9ercise 45. Study e9ercise ':.

(>Ss

Wor% on your own. (he first column has acti ities. (here are two columns with you, one for the wee% and one for the wee%end. .ut a tic% in the you columns if the acti ity is something you ha e to do. /a%e *uestions with ha e to and you for acti ities ' to A. 8s% your partners *uestions ' to A which you ha e written one at a time in turn. Fill the partner column according to the answer your partner gi es you. ,omplete e9ercise ': 1ecide whose life is more stressful .resent whose life is more stressful 1elayed error correction and sum up.

Ss (>Ss Ss>Ss 2eed'ac% - (>Ss, Ss>(

Re erences+ '. ?edston ,, ,unningham ;, face-face, -::=,-'>--, ,D. -. ?edston ,, ,unningham ;, face-face, -::=, .re>intermediate 8udio ,1 ', ?.<.@ <. ,ambridge 8d anced )earners 1ictionary, -::=, ,D. Appendices+ '. )anguage analysis. -. #andout: .ages -' and -- ?edston ,, ,unningham ;, face-face, -::=, ,D. <. (ranscript: ?edston ,, ,unningham ;, face-face, -::=, .re>intermediate 8udio ,1 ', ?.<.-

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