Mechanics - Dynamics

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Dynamic 3
rd
secondary Chapter one Newtons laws of motion - 1 -
Equations of motion uniform acceleration
Dynamics

Dicplacement
Distance

Revision
( )
Introduction : Dynamics is a branch of mechanics which deals with moving bodies under the
Action of some influences of forces .
Velocity Vector V : A velocity vector is a veloc - ity with direction .
The velocity is measured by : Km / hr , m / sec Or cm / sec where :
1000 m 5
1 km / hr m / sec
60 60 sec 18
1000
Or we can say : 1 km / hr
= =
=
( )
2 1
100cm 250
cm / sec
60 60 sec 9
Displacement vector S :
The of a particale during an interval of time t t t
is the change of the position of the particle from its initial position A
=
-
= displacement
1 2
at t to its terminal position B at t .

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

( )
( )
( )
= +
= +
= +
2
2 2
1 V u a t " we use it if displacement is not given "
1
2 S u t a t " we use it if velocity is not given "
2
3 V u 2 a s " we use it if time is not given "
These equations are used only when
( ) ( ) ( )
( )( )
( )
i S here equals to the whole displacement of the whole trip
ii If the
a body is travelling in a straight line with
Constant uniform acceleration I f positive Or deceleration I f negative .
Notes
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
= = =
= =
= =
o
body started from rest : Initial velocity u v Zero
iii If the body stopped after a time t : Final velocity V Zero
iv Uniform velocity means that : S V T as a 0

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x -3 =

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Dynamic 3
rd
( )
Very Important Remarks : Cases of Displacements S
( ) ( )
( )
( )
Important Notes : 1 g , v , u , s are all positive in this case .
2 The distance in this case measure of the displacement.
3 The exp
+
=
( )
ression : Left to fall or fell means U 0 .
4 The expression : The body is projected by Veloctiy...
" This is the Init
=
ial velocity : "U"
( )
( )
1 V U gt
"This equation to calculate the velocity of a body for a time period of t seconds"
1
2 S UT
= +
= +
( )
2
2 2
gt
2
"This equation can be used to calculate the distance traveled by a body in a time t"
3 V U 2 gs
" the above equation gives a relation between
= +
the final velocity v of the body and the distances
traveled by the body"

Second : Vertical Motion Upwards

( )
( )
( )
=
=
=
2
2 2
1 V u gt
1
2 S ut gt
2
3 V u 2g s

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The Vertical motion Downwards


Dynamic 3
rd
max
S
max
t
( )
- =
- =
2
max
Finding the Time and Distance of maximum height :
u
t Time of Max. height
g
u
S
2g

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Expressions could help you
Left to fall initial velocity = zero
( )
u 0 =
Fall from rest initial velocity = zero
( )
u 0 =
Comes to rest terminal velocity = zero .
( )
V 0 =
Projected upwards Gravity will be negative
( )
2
g -9.8 m/sec =
Uniform velocity acceleration = zero And S = V t
Maximum velocity acceleration = zero
Maximum height velocity = zero
( )
V 0 =
Mass of drop (each ) drop when it reaches the ground

Retarded acceleration = -ve
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Using the algebraic measure of vectors

( )
=
=
0
S r r
d S d r
1
d t d t

( )
d S
2 V
d t
=
( )
dV
3 A
d t
=

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Mass = original mass of the drop + (Rate of increase time)
Differentiation vector


Dynamic 3
rd
( )
th
Very important remarks

If S is a distance covered during n second
Distance during a given interval of time
( )
( )
+
= =
th
th
th th
s for example :
Ex 1 : The distance covered in the 5 seconds :
4 5
Here 5 starts from 4 5 seconds Then t 4.5s from the begining of time
2
Ex 2 : The distance covered in the 5 and 6 seconds :
Time
( )
+
= =
+
= =
rd th th
4 6
starts from 4 5 6 seconds Then t 5s from the begining of time
2
Ex 3 : The distance covered in the 3 , 4 and 5 seconds :
2 5
Time starts from 2 3 4 5 seconds Then t 3.5 seconds
2
We know that the motion is something relative to another and it changes in description by the
Change of an observer .
For Example : If you look from the train window to the moving cars in the same dire
A
ction of the
motion of the train , They seen to move slowly , While we feel the contrary if the cars are moving
in the opposite direction of the train .
So , If the velocity vector of A is V and th
B
BA
B A B A B BA A
e velocity vector of B is V
Then , The relative velocity vector of B with respect to A is denoted V
Where : V V V Or we can say : V V V
Velocity of B Velocity of B w.r
= = +
= . to A Velocity of A +

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The Relative Velocity

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Dynamic 3
rd
= = =
2
o
Given : u v 10 cm/sec a 2.5 cm/sec
Note : The velocity is in the same direction of the acceleration means that the velocity of the
body will increase as time increase " i.e: Imagine a bicycle is
( ) ( ) ( )( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )( )
= + = + =
= + = +
= + + =
+ = + =
2
2
2 2
2 2
2
moving on a bridge"
1 1
i S ut at S 10 8 2.5 8 160 cm
2 2
1 5
ii 700 10t 2.5 t 700 10t t Multiply by 4
2 4
2800 40t 5t 5t 40t 2800 0 divide by 5
t 8t 560 0 t 28 t 20 0 = t 20 sec
Thus the body is at 700 far from the initial point after 20 seconds
( )
-
= =
= =
=
st
BA
A car
B cycle
BA B
1 step : let the positive direction in the direction of the relative velocity here V
First : both are in the same direction
let V V 82 x
V V 43 x
V V = =
=
-
=
A BA
BA B
V V 43 x 82 x -39 x
The Magnitude of the relative velocity of the cyclist with respect to the car 39 km / hr
Second : both are in opposite direction
V V
( )
= + =
A
BA BA
- V
V 43 x 82 x V 125 x Its Magnitude is 125 km / hr .
A
V 82 =
B
V 43 =
A
B C
A B
x
A
V
B
V
x
Example (1)
A car moves on a straight road with velocity 82 km / hr . If it meets a motor - cyclist moves on
the same road with velocity 43 km / hr , Find the relative velocity of the cyclist with respect to
the c
( )
( )
ar in two cases :
First : The cyclist and the car move in the same diection .
Second : The cyclist and the car move in the opposite direction .

Answer

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (2)
( )
2
A body moves in a straight line with a uniform acceleration of magnitude 2.5 cm/sec , and
Initial velocity 10 cm/sec in the same direction of the acceleration , find :
i The distance covered by the bod
( )
y after 8 seconds
ii After how many seconds the body is at 700 cm far from the begining point.

Answer


Dynamic 3
rd
( )
( )
=
=
= + = =
= = =
= + = = =
2 2 2
The word "fell" means U 0
1 After 3 second here means t 3 sec .
V U gt 9.8 3 29.4 m / sec
2 S 78.4 m U 0 g 9.8 m / sec .
1 1
S ut gt 78.4 9.8 t t 16 t 4
2 2
( )
sec.
So , We need 4 sec to make the body reach the ground .
3 To get the velocity when the body reach the ground :
We have to know either the time of the body to reach the ground , Or the t
( )( )
= + = =
= + = =
2 2
otal distance
of the body to reach ground.
So V U gt V 9.8 4 39.2 m / sec .
Or V U 2 g s V 2 9.8 78.4 39.2 m / sec .
S 78.4 =
u 0 =
ve +
g
2
9.8 m / sec
Example (3)
( )
( )
( )
A body fell vertically downwards from height of 78.4 m above the ground , Find :
1 The velocity of the body after 3 seconds .
2 The time taken to reach the ground .
3 The velocity when it reaches the ground .

Answer

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Dynamic 3
rd
Mass :
The mass of a body is a ve scalar quantity which is proportional with the weight of this body .
The mass of a body is denoted by m .
Units of mass : 1 Ton 1000 Kgm & 1 Kgm 100
-
+
0 gm & 1Gram 1000 milligram .
Definition :
The momentum vector of a particle , At a certain instant is defined as the product of the mass
of the particle and its velocity vector at this instant , Momentum is denoted by H .
Rule of Momentum :-
From this definition , It is clear that the momentum of a body at a certain instant is a vector in
the same direction of the velocity vector .
H m v =
Units of Momentum : H mv
Where m Mass , And v Velocity .
Its units may be for an example : gm . cm / sec & kg . m / sec & kg . m / hr .
=

Note : I always prefer to use the unit kgm . m / sec .

( )
2
Since there is only one body in the problem , Then we don't need to show a direction .
To find the momentum : H mv
1
So we must find v : u 0 a 9 cm / sec t 60 30 sec .
2
v u at v 9 30 270 c
=
= = = =
= + = = m / sec .
H mv 7.5 270 2025 gm . cm / sec . = = =

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For example, a heavy truck moving fast has a large momentumit takes a large and prolonged
force to get the truck up to this speed, and it takes a large and prolonged force to bring it to a
stop afterwards. If the truck was lighter, or moving slower, then it would have less momentum.
Momentum can be defined as "mass in motion." All objects have mass; so if an object is
moving, then it has momentum - it has its mass in motion
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Example (1)
2
A body of mass 7.5 gm , Moves from rest in a straight line with acceleration 9 cm / sec in the
1
direction of its motion , Find its momentum after minutes from the begining of the motion .
2

Answer

Newtons laws of motion

1
st
: Momentum


Dynamic 3
rd
Example (2)
Find the momentum of a stone of mass 500 gm , When it is let to fall 4.9 meters vertically
downwards .

Answer
( )( )
2 2 2
H mv So we have to get velocity :
u 0 " fall" s 4.9 m .
So , v u 2 g s v 2 9.8 4.9 96.04
v 9.8 m / sec .
H 500 9.8 4900 gm . m / sec .
=
= =
= + = =
=
= =

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Example (3)
Find the height from which a body of mass 500 gm , falls such that the magnitude of the momentum
when it collides with the ground equals the magnitude of the momentum of a body of mass 70 gm
moving with velocity of magnitude 432 km / hr .
Answer
( )
( ) ( )
2 1 1 2 2
1 1
1
2
2 2
5
v 432 120 m / sec . So m v m v
18
500 V 70 120 V 16.8 m / sec .
u 0 v 16.8 m / sec s ??
v u 2g S 16.8 2 9.8 S S 14.4
= = =
= =
= = =
= + = = m .

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Example (4)
1
A gun fires 300 bullets per minute,If the mass of each bullet is kg and its velocity at the opening
5
of the gun is 200 m / sec , Find the momentum of the bullets fired per second in gm.cm / sec
Answer
In order to find the momentum of bullets fired per second .
300
Number of bullets fired 5 bullets per second .
60
1
Each one of them has mass kg .
5
Then the mass of the bullets in one secon
=
7
ds is :
1
5 1000 gm 1000 gm .
5
Momemtum H mv 1000 200 100 2 10 gm .cm / sec .

= =

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Dynamic 3
rd
( )
( )( )
2 2 2
1 1
2
1 1
1
Let the positive direction be .
Before impact : u 0 s 16.9 m .
v u 2 g s v 2 9.8 16.9
v 331.24 v 18.2 x
And H is the momentum vector of the ball before
|
- = =
= + =
= =
( )( )
2 2 2
2 2 2
impact .
5460
5460 m 18.2 m 300 gm .
18.2
Momentum after impact : u ?? v 0 " as the ball will become finally at rest" s 4.9
v u 2 g s 0 u 2 9.8 4.9 u 9.8 m / sec . u
= = =
- = = =
= = =
2 1
-9.8 x
The change of momentum before and after impact is : m v v 300 9.8 18.2 8400 x .
Its magnitude is 8400 gm .m / sec .
=
+ =
ve +
16.9 m
1
v
v 0 =
4.9 m
u ?? =
( )
1 2 2 1
2 1 2 1
It is the change of the velocity of an object from T to T H H
Rule : The change in momentum : H H m v v It is also called Impulse

=
ve +
2
v
1
v
A rubber ball of mass 300 gm moves horizontally with uniform velocity 135 cm / sec . It collides
4
by a vertical wall , And rebounds in a perpendicular direction to the wall after loosing of the
5
magnitude of its velocity before collision, Find the magnitude of the ball change in momentum due
to collision with the wall .
u Not the same as V
the direction changed
=
u 0 =
( )
nd
1 1
2
let the positive direction be in the direction of the 2 velocity
v 135 m / sec . v 135 x
The velocity after , Collision is opposite to x
4 1
After loosing of its velocity v 135 27
5 5
= =
= =
2 1 2 1
2 1
x
Change of momentum H H m v v
H H 300 27 135 x 48600 x Its magnitude 48600 gm . cm / sec
= =
= + = =

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Example (5)

Answer

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Example (6)
A ball is left to fall from a height of 16.9 m , And its momentum when it impinges with the
ground is 5460 gm . m / sec , Find its mass . If the ball rebounds to a height of 4.9 m , Then
Find the change of its momentum just before and after impact .

Answer

The change in momentum


Dynamic 3
rd
1
1
2
1
In this problem, we want to find the velocity of the bullet and the wood after impact
v be its velocity just before impact .
v 390 x
Let v be the velocity of the system after impact .
And m be
=
2
the mass of the bullet and m is the mass of the system .
As the momentum of the system does not change due to impact .
2
v
1
v
x
1
m 120 gm =
2
m 3120 gm =
( )
PT P
Let x be the unit vector in direction of the projectile :
H m v 5 350 x 1750 kg . m / sec .
1 The tank is moving away of the canon means , That are in the same direction .
V V V
= = =
=
( )
T
PT
PT P T
5
350 x 45 x 337.5 x
18
Its momentum H m v 5 337.5 x 1687.5 x
The magnitude of the moment of the projectile 1687.5 kg . m / sec .
2 v v v
35
= =
= = =
=
= +
=
PT
5
0 x 45 x 362.5 x
18
Its momentum H m v 5 362.5 x 1812.5 x
The magnitude of its momentum is 1812.5 kg . m / sec .
+ =
= = =
x
x
T
v
P
v
P
v
T
v
( )
( )
( )( )
1 2 1 1 2 2
2 2
H H m v m v
120 390
120 390 x 3000 120 v v 15 x
3120
Thus the system will move after impact with velocity 15 m / sec in the same direction of th bullet .
= =
= + = =
Example (7)
A bullet of mass 120 gm is fired with a velocity of 390 m / sec towards a wooden body of mass
3 kgm .which is at rest . If the bullet is imbedded in it and the system moves after that with a
certain velocity . Find their velocity , Given that the momentum of the system doesnot change due
to impact .
Answer

]

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Example (8)
A fixed cannon fired a projectile of mass 5 kg with a velocity of 350 m / sec in a horizontal
direction towards a tank moving with a velocity of 45 km / hr and it hit it , Find the absolute
value of the
( ) ( )
momentum of the projectile , Then Calculate the magnitude of the momentum
of the projectile relative to the tank if :-
1 The tank is moving away of the canon 2 The tank is moving towards the canon .
Answer


Dynamic 3
rd
5.4 m
u 0 =
t 1.5 sec =
x
a -2.7 =
( )
( )
= + = + =
First Find magnitude of the swimmer velocity directly before collision with water :
v u gt 0 9.8 1.5 14.7 m / sec
Let u be a unit vector directed vertically downwards .
The vel
( )
( )
= =
= + =
=
1
2 2 2
2
2
ocity directly before collision v 14.7 x
Second Magnitude of swimmer velocity directly after collision with water :
v u 2as 0 u 2 2.7 5.4
u 5.4
( )
=
= ==
= =
2
2 1 2 1
u 5.4 meter / sec .
The velocity directly after collision v 5.4 x
Change of mometum due to collision H H m v v
= =
=
40 5.4 x 14.7 x 372 x
Its magnitude 372 kgm . m / sec .
V 0 =
V ?? =
u ?? =
( )
2 2
10.5
Water condineces at rate 0.0105 gm / sec .
1000
So , To know the total mass of the water drop in the 1000 m : We must get the time then .
1 1 100
s ut g t 1000 9.8 t t
2 2 7
=
= + = = sec .
100
Then the time water drop travel from 1000 m till it reaches the ground is sec .
7
100
Then the mass of the water vapour at this time 0.0105 0.15 gm .
7
The total mass of the drop 0.15 0.25 0.4 gm
= =
= + = .
100
To get the velocity :- v u g t 9.8 140 m / sec .
7
The momentum H mv 0.4 140 56 gm . m / sec .
= + = =
= = =
Example (9)
Water vapour condinces on the surface of water drops , while it is falling at rate 10.5 milligram
/ sec , The mass of one falling water drop is 0.25 gm , Find the momentum in gm . m / sec of
one water drop when it reaches the surface of the ground from a height 1000 meters .
Answer

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Example (10)
A swimmer of mass 40 kgm jumped vertically from rest to the water surface of a swimming
pool , He collided with the surface after 1.5 sec , Then he douse vertically into the water in a
retarded motion
2
with uniform acceleration of magnitude 2.7 m / sec and covered a distance is
5.4 meter before he starts the ascending , Calculate magnitude of his change of momentum due
to collision with water .
Answer


Dynamic 3
rd
Example (11)
( )
A rocket is projected vertically upwards with velocity 180 km / hr , If its mass at any instant
is m 25 0.001t kgm , Find the rate of change in its momentum after 15 seconds . =

Answer
Very important note : When the mass of the body comes variable in the problem , we must use
the rule of derivative only .
( )( )
180
u km / sec u 0.05 km / sec .
3600
v u g t v 0.05 9.8 t
H m v 25 0.001t 0.05 9.8 t x
= =
= =
= =

( ) ( )( )
2
d H
-9.8 25 0.001t 0.001 0.05 9.8t At t 15 sec .
d t
d H
-244 853 0.14695 -244.706 kg . m / sec .
d t
= =
= + =

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Every body remains in its state of rest or uniform motion unless it is compelleted to change
that state by an external action called a force .

( )
( )
Discussion of the first law :
1 The law assumes that bodies which are at rest state or have uniform motion state is a
natural state of the body .
2 The law assumes that every body can not change any
( )
of its natural state by itself , So this law
is called the law of inertia .
3 The law assumes that the existence of an external action called a force can only change the
state of the body .

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Newtons first law


Dynamic 3
rd
( )
A uniform motion on a horizontal plane under the
action of a horizontal force .
When a body of weight w moves horizontally by force F ,
You have
"Normal reaction of the road " " Wei
to know that it meets an opposite resistance called
" Resistance force " and it is denoted by R .
In this case F R Or F R 0
Also , We can say that : N W
= =
= ght "
A uniform motion of a body on a horizontal plane under
The action of an inclined force .
It a force is inclinedby angle to the horizontal .
Then : N F sin W
And R F cos
u
u
u
+ =
=
N
F
R
W
F sin u
Fcos u
u
( )
Vertical uniform motion :
If a body of weight W moves uniformly vertically in a liquid ,
Then R W =
R
W
Direction of
motion
Uniform motion on an inclined plane :
N F sin W Cos
F cos R W Sin
o u
o u
- + =
- = +
F
W
u
u
Wcos u
o
Fcos o
F Sin o
N
Motion
Case (1)
Case (2)
Case (4)
Case (3)
R
WSinu
F
R
W
N
Motion
Motion

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Cases of uniform motion of a body


Dynamic 3
rd
( ) ( )
st
The train moves with a uniform velocity, then it will stop soon according to resistance
we have to use Newton's 1 law F R 2000
The resistance per ton 2000 250 8 kg .wt Case 1
= =
= =
F 2000 kg . wt =
R
+
= +
The train moves with a uniform velocity, then it will stop soon according to resistance
The mass of the whole system is : Mass of the locomotive Mass of number of wagons
The mass 6 3n
It moves
( )
= = + = + = = =
st
with a uniform velocity :
So we have to use Newton's 1 law
810
F R 900 6 3n 15 900 90 45n 45n 810 n 18 wagons .
45
Motion
900 kg . wt
R
( )
( )
Notes :
1 The resistance of the plane to the moving body is always parallel to the plane and in the opposite
direction to the motion of the body .
2 The force generated by the motor of a car or a
( )
( )
( )
=
train is always in the same direction of the motion .
3 When we say that the body is moving with maximum velocity , This means that it is moving
with a uniform motion Then a 0
4 If the resultant o
=
f forces , Acting on a body , Vanishes at any moment during its motion , Then
it moves from this moment with a uniform motion . " So , Sum of forces 0 when the body moves
with a uniform moti
( )
- = =
- = =
1 1
2 2
2
2 2
1 1
2
2 2
on " .
5 In many times , The reaction R is variable as the velocity of the moving body .
R V
If R V , Then : R AV where A is constant
R V
R V
If R V , Then : R AV
R V
o
o

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Example (1)
A train of mass 250 Ton moves with a uniform velocity along a horizontal plane . The force
of the engine is 2000 kg .wt ,Find the magnitude of the resistance for each ton of the mass .

Answer

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Example (2)
A locomotive of mass 6 tons pulls a number of wagons the mass of each equals 3 tons
along a horizontal straight road with uniform velocity. If the magnitude of the driving force
of the locomotive equals 900 kgm.wt, and the resistance to the motion of the train equals
15 kgm.wt per each ton of its mass . Find the number of the pulled wagons .

Answer


Dynamic 3
rd
The body moves in a uniform velocity : F R
3 4 3
1350 cos W 1350 W W 1440 kg . wt
4 5 4
3
Also , N 1350 sin W N 1350 1440
5
N 630 kg.wt
u
u
=
= = =
+ = + =
=
N
W
1350 Sin u
1350 cos u
u
F 1350 =
3
w
4
u
4
3
5
3
Sin
5
u =
4
Cos
5
u =
( )
R 4 3 12 kg . wt
The component of W in the plane direction downwards
1 1 1
is W sin 3 Ton . wt 1000 50 kg . wt
60 20 20
The car moves uniformly With a uniform velocity
F R W sin F 12 50 62 kg . wt
u
u
= =
= = = =
= + = + =
N
F
W
Wsin u
Wcos u
u
R
A body is pulled along a horizontal straight road by a force of magnitude 1350 kgm.wt , and
3
inclined at an angle of Sin to the horizontal, so the body moved with a uniform motion
5
against the road res
3
istance which is equal to of its weight . Calculate the weight of the body
4
and the normal reaction of the road .
u
Example (3)

Answer

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Example (4)
A car of weight 3 ton.wt moves with a uniform velocity up a plane inclines to the horizontal
1
at an angle where Sin . If the resistance of the plane is 4 kg.wt per ton, find the
60
driving force of
u u =
the car in kg . wt .
Answer

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Dynamic 3
rd
( )
The engine stopped while moving downwards means
that the car is moving by its weight only No force exists
1 1
R 5Sin 5 ton.wt
100 20
1
R 1000 50 kg.wt
20
50
So , the resistance per each ton is 10 kg.
5
u = = =
= =
= wt
5
u
u
5Cos u
R
N
Motion
5Sinu
( )
( )
4.5 ton.wt 4.5 1000 4500 kg.wt
Case 1 : When the car engine is stopped and the car
moves downward
The car moves with its weight only
1
R 4500 Sin 4500
50
u
=
= = =
( )
90 kg.wt
Case 2 : When the car engine is turned on and the car is moving upwards .
1
F 90 4500 180 kg . wt
50
= + =
u
u
4500Cosu
Motion
4500 Sinu
u
u
Motion
4500
N
R
R 90 =
F
4500
4500 Sinu
4500Cosu
N
Example (5)
The engine of a car of weight 5 ton.wt is stopped while it is moving downwards a road
1
inclined to the horizontal at an angle where Sin with a uniform velocity ,
100
calculate the resistance for ea
u u =
ch ton of its mass in kg.wt.

Answer

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (6)
A car of weight 4.5 ton.wt moves along the line of the greatest slope of a plane inclined
1
at an angle of Sin , if the engine of this car is stopped when moving downwards with
50
uniform velocity . If the car engine is turned on, find the magnitude of the driving force of
this car such that it ascends this plane with uniform velocity given that the resistance of the
plane to the car is unchanged in the two cases of motion .
Answer


Dynamic 3
rd
2
2 1
When the car moved in the inclined plane :
First : You have to know that : no force downward .
Then the car is moving with its weight only
1
So , R 2500 sin 2500 78.125 kg . wt
32
3
And R R
8
u
-
= = =
=
( )
1
1 1
8 1
R 78.125 208 kg . wt
3 3
1
From 1 F R 208 kg . wt
3
= =
= =
2500 sin u
Motion
Motion
N
N
W 2500 =
R
2500 cos u
u
2500
Ramp
1
F
1
R
u
( )
2 1
1 1
3
Given : R R
8
When the car moves in the horizontal road with uniform velocity :
Then : F R 1
=
-
=
Example (7)
A car of weight 2.5 ton . wt moves on a straight horizontal road with a uniform velocity
1
when it reached a ramp inclined to the horizontal at an angle whose sin is , The driver
32
stopped the motor of the car . So , It moved down the ramp with a uniform velocity , Given
3
that the resistance of the ramp is equal to of the resistance of the horizontal road .
8
Calculate the driving force of the motor ofthe car along the horizontal road measured in kg .wt

Answer

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


Dynamic 3
rd
( )
From the figure : R 30 Sin 20 1
When the tension of the force reduced to 10 kg . wt ,
The body moved downwards and the 10 kg.wt
Became another resistance .
So , R 10 30 sin
u
u
- + =
-
+ =
( )
( ) ( )
o
R 30 Sin 10 2
Substitute 2 in 1 : 30 sin 10 3 sin 20
1
60 sin 30 Sin
2
30
u
u u
u u
u
=
+ =
= =
=
u
u
Motion
u
u
Motion
Example (8)
A body of mass 30 kg is placed on a plane inclined to the horizontal at an angle and is
pulled by a force of 20 kg.wt acting along the line of the greatest slope up the plane, it
moves uniformly up t
u
( )
he plane against resistance of R kg.wt. When the tension is
reduced to 10 kg.wt, the body can move down the plane uniformly, find the measure of
the angle of inclination of the plane, given that the resistance of the plane doesn't change
in the two cases .

Answer

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (9)
A body of weight 16 kg.wt is placed on a plane inclined to the horizontal at an angle of measure
30 ,the body is pulled by a rope of force F kg . wt upwards and this force inclined to the greatest
sl

ope at an angle 30 , If the body moves uniformly upwards the plane when the resistance of the
plane to the body is 4 kg . wt , Find F and the pressure of the body on the plane .
Answer
( )
( )
o o o
o
F cos 30 4 16 sin 30 F cos 30 12
12
F 8 3 kg . wt
cos 30
N F sin 30 16 Cos 60
1 3
N 8 3 16
2 2
N 8 3 4 3 4 3 kg . wt
= + =
= =
+ =
+ =
= =

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
30sinu
N
R
30cosu
30
30sinu
30
30cosu
N
20
10
R
o
16 sin30
N
Fcos 30
30
30
30
16
F
4
o
16cos30
F sin30


Dynamic 3
rd
( )( )
( ) ( )
2 2 2
2 2
2 2 2 o
2
Let F be the resultant of the two tensions
R T T 2 T T Cos " Static"
R 2T 2T Cos 2 200 2 200 Cos120
R 40000 R 200 gm . wt
o
o
= + +
= + = +
= =
2
o
2
o
( )
( )
1
1 1
2 2
1
1
R W R 30 gm.wt
R V
And R V 1
R V
R 25 gm.wt when V 12cm/ sec
30 V 30 12
from 1 : V 14.4 cm/sec
25 12 25
o
= =
=
= =
= = =
30
Example (10 important)
A body of mass 5 kg is placed on a horizontal plane and is attached to two horizontal ropes ,
The measure of the angle between them is 120 , When the two ropes are pulled by a force of
200 gm . wt ea

ch then the body moves on the plane uniformly , Find the magitude and the
direction of the force of resistance of the plane against the motion of the body .

Answer

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (11)
A mettalic ball of weight 30 gm.wt is left to fall down in long vertical tube full of a viscial liquid.
If the resistance of the liquid to the motion of the ball varies directly as the magnitude of the
velocity of its motion in the tube , And given that the magnitude of the resistance of the liquid to
the ball equals 25 gm . wt , When the magnitude of the velocity of the ball equals 12 cm / sec ,
Calculate the magnitude of its velocity when it is uniform .

Answer

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

N
F
R
T
T
5
R


Dynamic 3
rd
( )
( )
( )
1
2
2
1 1
2
2 2
2 2
2
1
2
When the train moves with a uniform velocity :
R 6250 kg . wt
R V
R V 1
R V
R 25 45 1125 kg .wt when V 15 :
6250 V
from 1 : V 25 2 km / hr .
1125
15
o
=
=
= = =
= =
( )
( )
( )
3
3
1 1
3
2 2
1
3
3
1
3
Let the weight of the man and the parachute is W kg . wt
The man moves with uniform velocity
R V
R W and R V 1
R V
8
And R W when V 20 km / hr
125
W V
from 1 : V
8
20
W
125
o = =
= =
= = 125000 V 50 km / hr . =
Example (12)
A train of mass 45 tons moves on a straight horizontal road and the driving force of the engine
equals 6.25 tons . wt , Find the uniform velocity with which it moves , Gives that the resistance
to its motion is proportional to the square of its velocity and the resistance equals 25 kg . wt for
each ton of its mass when its velocity equals 15 km / hr .
Answer

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (13)
An Aviator is tied to a parachute descends vertically downwards . Given that the air resistance
8
is directly proportional to the cube of its velocity at any time , This resistance is equal to the
125
weight of the man and the parachute when its velocity is 20 km / hr . Find the maximum velocity the
man descends with .
Answer

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

R
45
R
W
6250


Dynamic 3
rd
( )
( )
nd
Two rules are formed :
1 Vector form of the 2 law when the mass is Constant .
m a F Where a is the acceleration vector .
2 Algebraic f
=
nd
nd
orm of the 2 law when the mass is Constant .
ma F
: In our problems, Newton 2 law is the basic rule which will we use always
=
Note
F R ma Or F R ma = = +

Rate of change of momentum with respect to the time is proportional to the impressed
force and takes place in the direction in which the force acts .

| | ( ) 1 The sympolic form of the second law Equation of motion :
Suppose a force F acts on a body of mass m for a time t , and causes its velocity to change fromu to v
This changing in velocities lead the appeare
( )
nce of acceleration.
d
The second law states that : m v F ma K F
d t
And if the unit of the force magnitude is that which produces one unit of acceleration magnitude
When Acts on a body
o =
with one unit vector of mass 1 1 K 1 K 1 = =

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Very important note : The force vector F Or its algebraic measure F and the acceleration a
Must have the same direction
So from the opposite figure :
We can say :

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Newtons first law Newtons second law
(1) Uniform velocity (Motion) Or
Maximum velocity exists without changing
Special case of Newtons 2
nd
law
(1) Uniform Acceleration Or changing the
uniform velocity due to force or resistance
The original rule which will be always used
(2) This means that a =0 (2) This means that a 0 =
(3)

F R Or F R 0 = =
(3)

Or F R ma F ma R = = +

Newtons Second law

F R
a
+
Differences between Newtons first law and Newtons second law
F
R
F
R


Dynamic 3
rd
G
W
M
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2
2
2
a Newton kg.m/sec
It is the magnitude of the force which while acting on a body of mass one kilogram it
produces an acceleration of magnitude 1 m / sec .
b Dyne gm.cm / sec
It is the magnit
( )
2
5
-5
ude of the force which while acting on a body of mass one gram it
produces an acceleration of magnitude 1 cm / sec .
Note 1 Newton 10 Dyne .
Dyne 10 Newton .
So
=
=
2
when applying our Rule : F ma
Dyne gm Cm / sec

F M a

Newton K
=
| | |
=
+ + +
2
g m / sec
( )
( )
BY
If a body of mass m is left to fall , It desends vertically by a uniform acceleration g because
the earth attracts it by a force W called weight .
We replace F ma w mg = =
If the mass of a body m 15Kg Its weight : W mg 15 9.8 147 N
If the mass of a body m 3 Ton Its weight : W mg 3 1000 9.8 29400 N
If the mass of a body m 200 gm Its weight : W mg
- = = = =
- = = = =
- = = = 200 980 196000 Dyne.
w 117.6
The body whose weight 117.6 N Its mass : m 12 Kg
g 9.8
=
- = = = =

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (1)

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Fundamental units of forces
The relation between the weight of a body and its mass


Dynamic 3
rd
6 6
Ton . wt 1000 Kgm . wt 10 gm . wt 1000 9.8 N 980 10 Dyne
Note :
If the mass of a body X gm
980
1000
Also , Kg gm dyne
1000 980
= = = =

=

Its weight X gm.wt
If the mass of a body X Kgm Its weight X Kgm.wt
Proof :
7 9.8
If m 7 Kgm W 7 9.8 Newton W 7Kgm . wt
9.8
=
= =
= = = =

( )
1 Kgm .w t 9.8 Newton =
1
Newton Kgm . wt
9.8
=

( )
2 gm .w t 980 Dyne =
1
Dyne gm . wt
980
=

( )
5
3 Kgm .w t 9.8 10 Dyne =

5
1
Dyne Kgm.wt
9.8 10
=

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (2)
( ) ( )
2
A body of mass 8.4 Kgm is moving in a straight line with uniform acceleration of magnitude
350 cm / sec . Find the magnitude of the force acting on that body .
First In Newton Second In Kgm
( )
.wt Third In dyne
Answer
2
5
m 8.4 Kgm a 350 100 3.5 m / sec
F ma F 8.4 3.5 29.4 Newton
F 29.4 10 2940000 Dyne F 29.4 9.8 3 Kgm .wt
= = =
= = =
= = = =

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

( )
( )
( )
From now on:
1 If the resistance is not mentioned in the problem, then F ma only
2 If the force is not mentioned in the problem, then -R ma only
3 If the engine is stopped, then F 0
=
=
=

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Summary of units
Very important note


Dynamic 3
rd
( ) ( )
( )
( )
2
2 2 2
5
u 27 7.5 m / s s 9 m R ?? V 0
18
-25
V u 2as 0 7.5 2 9 a a m / sec
8
And F R ma But there is no driving force mentioned :
-25 -6125 6125 1
- R 245 Newton 9.8 R 9.8 78 kg.wt
8 8 8 8
= = = = =
= + = + =
=
= = = =

Example (1)
A car of mass 245 kg moves with uniform velocity 27 km / hr , the brakes are used to stop the car
after covering a distance 9 meters , then find the magnitude of the force of the brakes in kg.wt
Answer
( )
( ) ( )
final
the uniform velocity changed when the brakes are used, then F 0 There is no driving force
and resistance R , acceleration appear retardation and V 0
=
=

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (2)
7
2
A force of magnitude 4.2 10 dyne acts on a body in the state of rest to move it in a straight
line with uniform acceleration of magnitude 6 m / sec , find the magnitude of momentum of
this body after
1
a minute from the instant of start in kg .m / sec .
2
Answer
7 5
from now on, if the resistance is not mentioned in the problem, then F ma only
F 4.2 10 10 420 Newton F ma 420 m 6
m 70 kgm
A
=
= = = =
=
1
nd u 0 And t 60 30 sec
2
V u at 0 6 30 180 m / sec
Magnitude of momentum mv 70 180 12600 kgm . m / sec
= = =
= + = + =
= = =

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

We have three cases in this chapter
Case I : Motion under a single force

F R
a
+


Dynamic 3
rd
4
2
2
2 2
So F R ma - R ma -5 10 1.6 1000 a
-125
a m / sec
4
5 25
And u 45 m / sec , V 0
18 2
25 -125
So v u 2as 0 2 S S 2.5 m
2 4
= = =
=
= = =
| |
= + = + =
|
\ .
R F
x
a
( ) ( )
( )
final
When the brakes are used , then F 0 There is no driving force And resistance R appears
acceleration appear retardation and V 0
=
=
( )
F
F F
F
When we are talking about rough planes use either resistance force F
the body is stopped after 2 seconds F 0
F R where R mg F mg
u 560 t 2 V 0
So, V u at 0 560 2a a - 280 cm / sec
So F F ma

=
= = =
= = =
= + = + =
=
or
F
- F ma - m =
( )
g -280 m =
-280 2

-980 7
= =
F
F F
a
mg
R
Example (3)
A car of mass 1.6 tons moves along a horizontal straight road , And when it is moving with
velocity of magnitude 45 km / hr , The driving force of the car is stopped , And the brackes are
used so the ca
4
r stopped after a small interval of time , find the distance which the car travelled
in this interval if the total resistance to the car is constant and its magnitude 5 10 N . =
Answer

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (4)
A body is projected with velocity of 560 cm/sec on a rough horizontal plane so that it stopped
after 2 seconds from the begining of the motion, calculate the coefficient of friction between the
body and the plane.

Answer

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


Dynamic 3
rd
( )
2
5
u 63 17.5 m / s V 0 R 500 kg.wt 9.8 4900 Newton
18
And F R ma But there is no driving force mentioned :
-7
- R ma - 4900 7000a a m/ sec
10
7
And V u at 0 17.5 t t 25 sec
10
= = = = =
=
= = =
= + = =
( )
( )( )
2
2 2 2
S 0.9 m V 0 Comes to rest u ??
And F R ma - R ma
- 2940 1200a a -2.45 m/ sec
And V u 2as 0 u 2 2.45 0.9 u 2.1m / sec
= = =
= =
= =
= + = =
Retreats a distance here means that : R 300 kgm.wt 9.8 2940 Newton = =
nd
2
there is change in velocities acceleration appears use Newton's 2 law
1
R 600 150 kg.wt R 150 9.8 1470 Newton
4
-49
And - R ma -1470 600 a a m / sec
20
5
u 864 240 m / sec t 40 sec
18
-49
V u at V 240
2

= = = =
= = =
= = =
= + = + 40 V 142 m / sec.
0
| |
=
|
\ .
Example (5)
When a train was moving along a straight road with velocity 63 km / hr , its last wagon whose
mass is 7 ton is separated so it stopped due to a constant resistance of magnitude 500 kg.wt ,
find the time taken until it came to rest
Answer
let x be a unit vector in the direction of F F and a have the same direction

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (6)
When a cannon of mass 1.2 tons fires a projectile , it retreats on a horizontal ground a distance
of 90 cm , if the resistance of the ground to its motion is 300 kgm . wt , Then find the velocity
with which the cannon starts retreating.
Answer

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (7)
A body of mass 600 kg moves horizontally in the space with uniform velocity of magnitude
864 km / hr . It intered a dusty cloud which acted upon by a resistance , Its magnitude equals
1
kgm . wt per each
4
kilogram of the body mass . Find the velocity of the body at the instant of
getting out of the cloud , If it remained 40 sec through it .
Answer

F R
a
+
F R
a
+


Dynamic 3
rd
( )
( )
we have two kinds of bullet problems:
1 If the bullet penetrated the body with given thickness , the we will solve the problem from
the begining of the body .
2 If the bullet penetrated the body wi
nd
thout given thickness , the we will solve the problem far
from the body .
In our problem , we will use the 2 option
1 1
u 40 , V 40 8 m / sec , t sec
5 100
1
So V u at 8 40 a a -3200 m / se
100
= = = =
= + = + =
( ) ( )
2
3
2
2 2
c
F R ma - R 35 10 -3200 R 112N
V u 2as 0 8 2 -3200 S S 0.01m
= = =
= + = + =
u 40 =
v 8 =
1
t
100
=
v 0 =
( ) ( )
2
2 2 2
3
In this problem, thickness of wood is given , then we will solve the problem from the begining
of the wood u 100 , V 0 , S 0.16 m
So V u 2aS 0 100 2 0.16 a a -31250 m / sec
F R ma - R 32 10 -31
= = =
= + = + =
= =
( )
( ) ( )( )
2
2
2 2 2
250
5000
R 1000 Newton 9.8 kg.wt
49
When the target is of thickness 7 cm
u 100 , V ?? , S 0.07 m , a -31250 m / sec
V u 2as V 100 2 -31250 0.07 V 75 m / s
= =
= = = =
= + = + =
u 100 = v 0 =
S 0.16m =
Example (8)
Abullet of mass 35 gm is fired horizontally with velocity of magnitude 40 meter / sec towards a
4
fixed vertical target of wood ,it penetrated the target , and lost of the magnitude of its velocity
5
a
1
fter sec , calculate the magnitude of the target resistance assuming that it is constant ,
100
And find the distance which the bullet moves through the target before it comes to rest .
Answer

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (9)
Abullet of mass 32 gm is fired horizontally with velocity of magnitude 100 meter / sec towards a
fixed target of wood to embed through it a distance 16 cm before coming to rest, find the magnitude
of the wood resistance in kg.wt assuming that it is constant , and if the same bullet is fired with the
same velocity at another fixed target made of the same wood of the first target and its thickness is
7 cm only, find the magnitude of the velocity with which the bullet gets out of this target.
Answer

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


Dynamic 3
rd
a
A
B C
A
U 74 =
B
V ?? =
C
V 0 =
f .g wood
Example (10)
Abullet of mass 49 gm is fired horizontally with velocity of magnitude 74 meter / sec at a body
which is at rest and formed of two adjacent layers , one of which is fiberglass andthe other is
wooden , if the bullet passes through the layer of fiberglass which is of thickness 7 cm , then it
is embedded in the wooden layer at a distance of 10 cm before it stops , if the resistance of the
wood is three times that of the fiberglass , then find the resistance of each in kgm.wt .
Answer

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

0.07 0.1
( )
A B
the problem mentioned the thickness which the bullet penetrated , then we will start our
problem from the begining of the wood
* Motion from A B Inside the fiberglass :
u 74 m / s V ?? S 0.0
= = =
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
2
2 2 2
B A B
1 1 1
2
2
B 1 1
2 1 1
7 m
V u 2as V 74 2 0.07 a 1
49 -1000
- R ma - R a a R 2
1000 49
-1000 20
V 74 2 0.07 R 5476 R 3
49 7
* Motion from B C Inside the wood :
49 -3000
- R ma' -3R a' a' R 4
1000 49
Also
= + = +
= = =
| |
= + =
|
\ .
= = =
( )
B
B B C
2 2 2
C B B 1
1 1 1 1
1
V here is the initial velocity between B C
V u ?? V 0 S 0.1 m
20
V V 2a' s 0 V 2 0.1 a' 0 5476 R 0.2a'
7
20 -3000 20 600
0 5476 R 0.2 R 0 5476 R R
7 49 7 49
740
R 5476 R
49
= = = =
= + = + = +
| |
= + =
|
\ .
=
( )
1
2
5476 49 1813
Newton 9.8 37 kg.wt
740 5
R 3 37 111 kg.wt
= = =
= =


Dynamic 3
rd
( )
( ) ( )( )
2
2
2
B B
B
Body A moves with F 600 dyne
F ma 600 60a' a' 10 cm/sec
u 30 cm / s a' 10 cm/sec t 5 sec
1 1
So S ut a' t S 30 5 + 10 25
2 2
S 275 cm
=
= = =
= = =
= + =
=
Then the distance between the two bodies after 5 seconds is 275 150 125 cm =
Example (11)
A body of mass 12 kg is at rest , a force of magnitude 3 kg.wt acts on the body for 12 seconds ,
and after this time , the driver force stopped and the body moved with uniform velocity , then
find the distance the body covered after 30 seconds from the beginning .
Answer

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (12)
A force of 600 Dynes acts on two bodies (A) and (B) placed at rest on a horizontal smooth
plane , the masses of them are 60 gm , 40 gm respectively and attached together by a string .
After 5 seconds from the action of the force , the body (B) is separated moves with a uniform
velocity and the body (A) only remains under the action of the force , Calculate the distance
between the two bodies 5 seconds after the instant of braking the string .
Answer

F
A
B C
A
u 0 =
F
a
+
F
B
u ?? =
A
B
A
B
A
u ?? =
S
t 12sec =
t 18sec =
u 0 =
uniform motion
No acceleration
( )
( )
2
2
* When the two bodies are connected :
F ma 600 60 40 a
600
100 a 600 a 6 cm/ sec
100
Thus the bodies move with acceleration 6 cm / sec
At t 5 sec V u a t 6 5 30 cm/sec
After 5 seconds the string cut and t
= = +
= = =
= = + = =
( )
B
he two bodies separated when their velocities u 30cm / s :
Body B move without force F a 0
Then B moves with uniform motion :
S vt 30 5 150 cm
=
= =
= = =
st
If the resistance is not mentioned in the problem, then F ma only
* For the 1 12 seconds " during the action force "
Motion from A B
t 12sec u 0 F 3 kg.wt 9.8 29.4 Newton
And F R ma F ma
=
= = = =
= =
( )( )
( )
2
2
2
B A B
29.4
29.4 12a a 2.45 m/sec
12
1 1
So S u t at S 2.45 12 176.4m
2 2
So V u at V 2.45 12 29.4 m / sec
Motion from B C : When the driver force stopped , it means that F 0 and there i
= = =
= + = =
= + = =
= s no
acceleration body moves with uniform velocity for the next 18 seconds
S V t 29.4 18 529.2 m the total distance after 30 seconds 176.4 529.2 705.6 m = = = = + =


Dynamic 3
rd
( ) If the engine force stopped steam shutt off .
If the resistance are neglected .
If the body moved with uniform velocity or maximum V .

o
F
FCoso
F Sino
N
R
mg
u
F Sinu
FCosu u
u
mg
N
F
x
mg
Ground surface
R
x
R
mg
F
x
x
F
R
mg
mg R F ma =
R Opposite to direction of motion mg Always Downwards
F According the given direction
- -
-
Inside
the ground
acceleration appears
inside the ground
acceleration appears in the
air when there is another
force act on the body

Equations of motion of famous applications :
Application Drawing Equation
Motion on a horizontal plane
under a horizontal force F
and a and resistance R

F R m a =

under a force F inclined at an
angle With the horizontal and
a resistance R .
o

Fcos R ma
F sin N mg 0
o
o
=
+ =

under a force F inclined at an
angle with the vertical u

F sin ma
N Fcos mg 0
u
u
=
=

( )
( )
Motion vertically downward
through a Ground under
the weight mg and the earth
resistance R

No driver force except
Its weight
m g R ma =

Motion vertically upwards
under a driving force F
and weight

F R m g ma =

Motion vertically downwards
under the weight mg and a
resistance R and a lifting
force F

Very important Notes
F 0 =
R 0 =
a 0 =

Case 2 : Motion under more than two forces

R
F
x


Dynamic 3
rd
2
Let u be a unit vector in the direction of motion .
u 0 V 39.2 m / sec t 2 60 120sec.
49
V U at 39.2 0 120a a m / sec
150
Equation of motion of the car is resul
= = = =
= + = + =
tant of the forces acting on the car ma
49
F R ma F R ma F 50 9.8 3 1000
150
F 490 980 1470 Newton 9.8 150 kgm . wt
=
= = + = +
= + = =
R
x
+
( )
2
1260 2520 0 30
V 2520 m / min V 42 m/ sec and t 15sec
0.5 60 2
42
V u at Then : 42 15a a 2.8 m/ sec
15
And the equation of motion of train is : F R ma
R F ma R 3000 9.8 5.6 1000 2.8 13720 Newton 9.8 1400 kg.
+
= = = = = =
= + = = =
=
= = = = wt
Magnitude of the resistance per ton 1400 5.6 250 Kg .wt . = =
x
R
F
+
a
a
Example (13)
A car of mass 3tons starting from rest along a horizontal straight road with uniform
acceleration and against constant resistance of magnitude 50 kg . wt , If the magnitude
of the car velocity is 39.2 m / sec after 2 minutes from the starting, calculate the magnitude
of the driving force of the car in kg . wt
Answer

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (14)
A train of mass 5.6 ton moves from rest with a uniform acceleration along a horizontal straight
1
road, it travelled a distance 1260 meter during a minute from the starting, find the magnitude
2
of the resistance per each ton of its mass if the magnitude of the driving force 3000kgm . wt . =
Answer

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


Dynamic 3
rd
F
o
F
o
F
When we are talking about rough planes use resistance force F
the body is stopped after 2 seconds F 0
F R where R 360 980 420 980Sin30 147000 dyne
3
F F ma 420 980Cos30 147000 360a
3
a 75
=
= = =
= =
=
or
( )
( )
2
F
4.4 cm / sec Then u 0 a 754.4 t 9
So, V u at V 754.4 9 6789.64 cm / sec
When the action of the force stopped:
Then the body is moving under the action of resistance F only
R 360 980 352800 dyne and
= = =
= + = =
= =
2
F
3

3
3
So, - F ma' - R ma' - 352800 360a' a' -565.8 cm/sec
3
Then u 6789.64 a' -565.8 V 0
So, V u at 0 6789.64 565.8 t t 12 sec
=
= = = =
= = =
= + = =
F
F
420
360 g
R
F
F
F
2
When we are talking about rough planes use either resistance force F
F R where R 3.5 g 3.5 9.8 34.3Newton
And F F ma 3.15 9.8 0.3 34.3 3.5a
a 5.88 m / sec
u 0 a 5.88 t 5
So

= = = =
= =
=
= = =
or
( )
, V u at V 5.88 5 29.4 m / s = + = =
F
F
F 3.15 9.8 =
a
3.5 g
R
o
420 Cos30
o
420 Sin30
o
30
F
F
360 g
R
o
420 Sin30
Example (15)

A piece of iron of mass 3.5 kg starts motion from rest on a rough horizontal plane when a
horizontal force of magnitude 3.15 kg.wt acts on it, if the coefficient of friction between the
body and the plane equals 0.3, find the velocity of the piece of iron after 5 seconds from the
begining of motion.

Answer

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (16)
A body of mass 360 gm is placed on a rough horizontal plane whose coefficient of friction with
3
the body equals . A force of magnitude 420 gm.wt acted on the body in a direction inclined to
3
the horizo
o
ntal at an angle of measure 30 , so that it moved from rest with a uniform acceleration.
Find the velocity of the body after 9 seconds from the begining of motion, and if the action of the
force is stopped after that, determine the time that the body makes until it comes to rest.
Answer


Dynamic 3
rd
The train moved from O to A under the driving force F and the resistance R and from
A to B only under R .
If U is a unit vector in the direction of motion .
Equation of the train d
( )
( )
2
a
uring OA is : F R ma
6750 9.8 25 9.8 30 30 1000a
9.8 6750 750 3000a
9.8 6000 30000a a 1.96 m / sec
Magnitude of the velocity at A : V U at 0 1.96 5 60 588 m / sec.
Equation of motion during AB
=
=
=
= =
= + = + =
( ) ( )
2
2 2
B A
:
when engine stopped and u 588 changed to V 0 F 0 and acceleration must change
-R ma' , where a' is the algebraic measure of the acceleration during AB
- 25 30 9.8 30 1000 a' a' -0.245 m / sec
And V V 2
= = =
=
= =
= +
( )
( )
2
2
as 0 588 2 0.245S
0.49S 588 S 705600 m .
=
= =
u
R
F
O
B
R
a'
a
A
1 1 1
Uniform velocity means a 0 F R F R w mg 0.5 9.8 0.98 N
5 5 5
0.98 1
F R kg.wt 1000 100 gm.wt , And when force increased with 15 gm.wt :
9.8 10
Then F R ma 115 980 100 980 0.5 1000a

= = = = = = =
= = = =
= =
2
14700 500a a 29.4 cm/sec = =
Example (17)
A train of mass 30 ton started from rest and moved with uniform acceleration along a straight
horizontal road under the action of a driving force of magnitude 6750 kg.wt and a resistance
its magnitude is 25 kg.wt per each ton of its mass, and after 5 minutes of the start, the driving
force is stopped and the resistance still constant , find the distance which the train moved after
that instant before it comes to rest .
Answer

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example(18)
1
A car of mass kg moves along a horizontal st. road with uniform velocity and the magnitude of
2
1
the resistance to its motion equals of its weight, find magnitude of the driving force of the car mot
5
or
in gm.wt. And if the force increases with magnitude 15 gm.wt , find magnitude of this acceleration .
Answer


Dynamic 3
rd
Before separation : The train is moving with uniform velocity this means that :
F R 5 9.8 160 7840 Netwon driving force for all train .
After separation : The wagon moves
= = =
( )
( )
with no force Resistance only and the train.
goes force Resistance
The initial veocity of the locomotive and the wagon at the instant of sparation was u 45 km / h
So , Aft
=
er separation regard to wagon :
Its initial velocity directly after separation was:
5
u 45 12.5 m / s
18
offcourse its acceleration is decreasing
So F R ma - R ma
-5 9.8 16 16 1000a
= =
= =
=
( ) ( )( )
2
2
2
2
1 1 1
a - 0.049 m/s
u 12.5 m/sec a -0.049 m/s t 2 60 120sec
So , lets find the distance of the wagon after 2 minutes :
1 1
S ut at S 12.5 120 -0.049 120 S 1147.2 meters
2 2
After separatio
=
= = = =
= + = + =
( )
n regard to the locomotive train :
Hence there is a driving force still and resistance , the train has initial velocity
u 12.5 m/s after separation directly , off course , Its acceleration will increas =
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2
2
2
2
e
as it becomes lighter F R ma' 7840 5 9.8 160 16 160 16 1000a'
784 49
784 144000 a' a' m / sec
144000 9000
49 1 49
u 12.5m/s a' m / s t 120sec S 12.5 120 120 1539.2 m
9000 2 9000
Then the di
= =
= = =
| |
= = = = + =
|
\ .
2 1
stance between them after 2 min. covered by each of them :
S S 1539.2 1147.2 392 meters =
R
F
F
R R
a
1
S
2
S
u 12.5 m/sec =
u 12.5 m/sec =
Example (19)
A locomotive pulls a train moves horizontally in a straight road with a uniform velocity
45 km / h, the mass of the locomotive and the train together is 160 ton andthe assistance force
is 5 kg.wt for each ton of the mass ,calculate the driving force of the locomotive. If the last
wagon is separated from the train, given that the mass of the wagon is16 ton , find the
distance between it and the rest of the train 2 minutes after theinstant of separating .

Answer


Dynamic 3
rd
( ) ( )
Note : the acceleration appears in the air beside the gravity as the helicopter changes its velocity
F R mg ma
F 750 9.8 2 1000 9.8 2 1000 4.9
F driving force 36750 Newton 9.8 3750 kg.wt
If the h
=
=
= =
elicopter rises with uniform velocity :
F R mg 0 F R mg
F 750 9.8 2 1000 9.8 26950 Newton 2750 kg.wt
= = +
= + = =
The train is uniform F R
The driving force F 10 9.8 60
F 5880 Newton is the driving force of the train
after sepration with respect to the cap
- R ma -10 9.8 1 1 1000a a -0.0
=
=
=
= = =
( )
2
98m/s
5
u 44.1 12.25 m/s a -0.098 V 0
18
V u at 0 12.25 0.098t t 125 seconds
After seperation with respect to the train : Its acceleration increased
F R ma' 58
= = = =
= + = =
=
( ) ( )
( )
` 2
2
49
80 10 9.8 60 1 60 1 1000a' a' m/s
29500
49
When u 12.25 m/s & a' m/s t 125 sec
29500
49 27
V u a' t 12.25 125 12 m/s
29500 59
= =
= = =
= + + =
F
R R
a'
u 12.25 m/sec =
u 12.25 m/sec =
F
R
R
m g
a
F
Example (20)
A train of mass 60 tons moves with a uniform velocity 44.1 km / h against a resistance of
magnitude 10 kg.wt . for each ton of the mass of the train . If the last cab is separated from
the train , given that the mass of the cab is one ton , find the time taken by the separated
cab till it comes to rest and the velocity of the train at this moment .

Answer

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (21)
2
A helicopter of mass 2 tons rises vertically with acceleration of magnitude 4.9m / s against
resistances of air of magnitude 750 kg.wt , find the driving force of the engine of the helicopter,
also find the force of the engine if the helicopter riseswith a uniform velocity assuming that the
resistance does not change .

Answer


Dynamic 3
rd
( )( )
( )( )
2 2 2
B B
B
2
2 2
c B
u 0 S 22.5 m
V u +2 g s V 2 9.8 22.5 441
V 21 m/s
From B C "Inside sand acceleration appears"
mg R m a 0.5 9.8 372.4 0.5 a
a -735 m/s
V V
= =
= = =
=

= =
=
=
( )
2as 0 441 2 735 S
S 0.3m 30 cm
+ =
= =
22.5
B
C
c
v 0 =
a
sand
m g
372.4
2
2 2
c B
In sand, there is no driving force except body' s weight .
So from B C : "Inside ground acceleration appears"
mg 6.44 9.8 0.04 a 0.04 9.8 6.44 9.8 0.04a
a -1568 m/s
V V

= =
=
=
( )( )
( )
2
B
2
B
B
2
2 2
2as 0 V 2 -1568 0.04
V 125.44 V 11.2 m/sec
u 0 V 11.2 S ?
V u 2g s 11.2 2 9.8S S 6.4 m
+ = +
= =
= = =
= + = =
B
S
B
V ? =
C
c
V 0 =
a
sand
m g
6.44
B
u 0 =
0.04 m
Example (22)
A body of mass 500 gm fell vertically downwards from a height of 22.5 metersabove the
surface, it embedded through the ground. Find the distance which the body covered through
the ground before coming to rest given that magnitude of the ground resistance is constant
and equals 372.4 Newton .

Answer

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (23)
A body of mass 40 gm fell vertically downwards from a certain height above thesurface of a
sandy ground , Then penetrated through the ground 4 cm before coming to rest , given that
magnitude of the ground resistance is constant and equals6.44 kgm.wt . Find the height
from which the body fell.

Answer

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


Dynamic 3
rd
o
60
R
o
T cos60
a
o
T sin 60
m g
o o
18
S 18m during 30 sec. V 0.6 m / s
30
0 30
And t 15 sec
2
0.6 1
V u at 0.6 15a a m / sec
15 25
1
T cos60 R ma T cos60 w ma
5
1 1 1 1 1
T mg ma T 9.8 5 5
2 5 2 5 25
1 1
T
2 5
= = =
+
= =
= + = = =
= =
= =
=
o
o
9.8 T 20 Newton
To get the normal reaction: T sin60 N mg
20sin60 N 9.8 5 N 31.68 32 Newton
+ =
+ =
+ = =
T
2 2 2
We will deal with this problem as if a body is fell vertically downwards
From A B : u 0 S 0.4m
And V u 2g s V 2 9.8 0.4 7.84
V 2.8 m / s
From B C : "Inside
= =
= + = =
=
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
B c
2
2 2
2
iron acceleration appears"
V 2.8 m / s V 0 S 0.01
V u 2as 0 2.8 2 0.01 a
a -392 m / sec
mg R ma R m g a 500 9.8 -392
R 200900 Newton 9.8 R
= = =
= + = +
=
= = =
= 20500 kg.wt =
A
m g
0.4 m
0.01 m
C
a
v 0 =
B
u 0 =
R
A hummer of mass 500 kg fell down from a point 0.4 meters high above a pieceof iron, It was
embedded in it a distance one centimetre . Find the magnitude of the pressure of the hummer
on the piece of iron.
Example (24)

Answer

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (25)
o
A body of mass 5 kgm is placed on a horizontal plane, and pulled by a string which is inclined
at angle of measure 60 to the horizontal so it moved on the plane along a straight line with
uniform acceleration, where it covered a distance 18 meters during half a minute starting from
1
rest. Given that magnitude of the resistance to its motion equals of its weight , find the magnitude
5
of the tension in the string and magnitude of the normal reaction of the plane on the body.

Answer


Dynamic 3
rd
( )
( )( ) ( )
( )
3 2
2 3 2
2 2
1 d s
S t 2t i V t 2 i
3 d t
The momentum vector H m V H 3t 2 t 2 i 3t 2t 6t 4 i
d H
Force F 9t 4t 6 i And its magnitude F 9t 4t 6
d t
: we used
| |
= + = = +
|
\ .
= = = + + = + + +
= = = + + = + +
Note
( ) ( )
this rule as mass is variable m f t =
( )
( )
( )
( )
If a force F acted upon a particle of mass m , And it acquired an acceleration a , And the
displacement vector of the particle during an interval " t" from instant of start of motion , and V
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
is the velocity vector at the end of this interval , then :
The equation of motion of the particle is :
d H d mv
1 F we use this rule if the mass of the body is variable m f t
d t d t
2 m a
= = =
( ) F we use this rule if the mass of the body is scalar m any number
d s d v
where v and a
d t d t
= =
= =
( ) ( )
( )
1 2 3
The resultant force acting on the particle : F F F F
F 3m i 7m j 5m i 2m j m i 6m j F 7m i m j
But F ma 7m i m j ma m 7 i j ma
a 7 i j
= + +
= + + + = +
= + = + =
= +
o
y 1
a 49 1 50 5 2 Tan 8 8'
x 7
u u = + = = = = =
( )
1
2 3
A particle of mass m is moving under the action of 3 coplaner forces F 3m i 7m j ,
F 5m i 2m j , F - m i 6m j , where i , j are 2 perpendicular vectors in
the plane of t
=
= + = +
he forces , Find the acceleration vector of this particle . Determine its magnitude
and its direction .

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (1)

Answer

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (2)
3
A body of variable mass moves along a straight line, where its mass: m 3t 2 and its displacement
1
vector S t 2t i where i is a unit vector in the direction of motion and t dentes time.
3
F
= +
| |
= +
|
\ .
ind the force vector on the body and find its magnitude.

Answer

Case 3 : Vector form of the equation of Motion


Dynamic 3
rd
Example (3)
2
A particle of mass 4.2 units , a force F acted upon this particle , its displacement due to this
2
force during a time "t" was S t 5t i where i is a unit vector in the direction of
3
m
| |
= +
|
\ .
otion . Find the momentum vector of this at any instant , and its magnitude when t 3 , find
also the vector F and its magnitude when t 3.
=
=

Answer
( )
( )
2
2 ds 4 d v 4
S t 5t i V t 5 i a i
3 d t 3 d t 3
At the instant "t" , the momentum vector H m V
4
H 4.2 t 5 i 5.6t 21 i
3
when t 3 H 5.6 3 21 i 3
| | | |
= + = = + = =
| |
\ . \ .
= =
| |
= + = +
|
\ .
= = + = 7.8 i H 37.8
4
F m a Where: F 4.2 i F 5.6 i F 5.6
3
=
= = = =

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (4)
A particle of mass 6 units , A force F 24 i acted upon this particle , where i is a unit
vector in the direction of motion , if the velocity vector of this particle at the end of the time "t"
=
( )
is
V 3k t b i where k , b are constants , find the momentum vector of this body when t 2,
if the initial velocity vector 9 i .
= + =
=
Answer
( )
( )
V 3k t b i
Initial velocity means the velocity at t 0 V 3k 0 b i b i
But initial velocity vector 9 i b i 9 i b 9
d v
F m a Where a 3k i
d t
24 i 6 3k i 24 i
= +
= = + =
= = =
= = =
=
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
24 4
18k i 24=18k k V 4t 9 i
18 3
And H mv 6 4t 9 i At t 2 : H mv 6 4 2 9 i 102 i
= = = = +
= = + = = = + =


Dynamic 3
rd
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
x y
2 2
o

V 4 4i and V -9.8t 4 j V 4i -9.8t 4 j

Initial velocity means the velocity at t 0 at t 0: u 4i 4 j
4
Its magnitude is u 4 4 4 2 m / s its direction : Tan 1 45
4
dv
a -9.8 j and F ma 1.
dt
u u
= = = + = + +
= = = +
= + = = = =
= = = =
( )( )

5 -9.8 j -14.7 j =
( ) ( )
( )
3 2
3 2 2
4 1

m 1 unit , S Lt mt i , H 69i And F 47i When t 3
3 2
4 1 d s d v
S Lt mt i V 4 Lt mt i a 8 Lt m i
3 2 d t d t
When t 3 : V 4 L 9 m 3 i 36 L
| |
= = + = = =
|
\ .
| |
= + = = + = = +
|
\ .
= = + = +
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
3m i
Momentum at that instant : H m V 1 36 L 3m i 69 i
36 L 3m 96 12L m 23 1
When t 3 : a 24 L m i
Equation of motion is : F m a 47 i 1 24 L m
= = + =
+ = + =
= = +
= = +
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
3 2
i
24 L m 47 2
Substracting 2 1 : 12L 24 L 2
From 2 : 48 m 47 m -1
4 1
Then by Substituting in : S 2t -1 t i
3 2
+ =
= =
+ = =
| |
= +
|
\ .
3 2
8 1
t t i
3 2
8 1
When t 3 : S 27 9 i 67.5 i
3 2
| |
=
|
\ .
| |
= = =
|
\ .
Example (5)
3 2
The mass of a particle one unit , a force F acted upon this particle so its displacement during
4 1
the time t is given by S Lt mt i , where L , m are constants and i is a unit vec
3 2
| |
= +
|
\ .
tor
in the direction of motion , If the momentum vector 69 i when t 3 and F 47 i at the
same instant . Determine the displacement vector at the same instant .
= = =

Answer

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (6)
( )
x y
A body of mass 1.5 kg moves such that the two algebraic components of its velocity in the horizontal
and the vertical directions are V 4m / sec and V -9.8t 4 m/sec, determine the magnitude
and the direc
= = +
tion of the initial velocity of this body and also the force vector acting on it.
Answer


Dynamic 3
rd
( )
3 2
After 2 seconds, the dust accumulates will be 0.5 2 1gm
Then the mass of the ball its mass mass of dust accumulates after 2 seconds 7 1 8 gm
1 d s

S t 4t 2 C V t 4 C a
3 d t
=
= + = + =
| |
= + = =
|
\ .
( )
( )
d v
2t C
d t

We can get the force vector F m a F 8 2t C 16t C

At t 2 seconds: F 16 2 C 32 C its magnitude is 32 Dyne
= =
= = =
= = =
Example (7)
1 2
3
A particle of mass one unit moves under 3 coplaner forces F L i 3 j , F -2 i j
F 5 i m j , Where i , j are 2 perpendicular unit vectors in the same plane of the
forces whe
= = +
= +
2
re L , m are constants , given that the displacement vector of this particle given by :
3
S 2t i t t j after a time "t", determine the values of the constant L, m .
2
| |
= + +
|
\ .

Answer
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
1 2 3
1
2
Resultant of the forces acting on the particle F F F F
F L i 3 j 2 i j 5 i m j L 3 i m 2 j 1
3 d s
S 2t i t t j v 2 i 3t 1 j
2 d t
= = + +
= + + + = + +
| |
= + + = = + +
|
\ .
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
d v
a 0 i 3 j
d t
Equation of motion of the particle is F m a
From 1 , 2 : L 3 i m 2 j 1 0 i 3 j 0 i 3 j
L 3 0 and m 2 3 L -3 And m 5 .
= = +
=
+ + = + = +
+ = = = =

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (8)
A ball of mass 7 gm moves along a straight line inside air loaded with dust, such that dust
accumulates on its surface at a rate 0.5 gm/sec and the ball displacement is given as a function
of the time
( )
3
1

t by S t 4t 2 C , where C is a unit vector in the direction of the motion
3
of the ball, then find the force vector acting on the ball and find its magnitude at t 2 seconds.
| |
= +
|
\ .
=
Answer

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


Dynamic 3
rd
Example (9)
( ) ( )( )
( )
( )
2

If the position vector P of a particle after t is given by P 2t 1 t 2 C , where C is a
constant unit vector , the magnitude of P in cm and t in seconds. Determine the velocity
vector and if the
= +
( ) ( )
1
mass of the body is variable and given by m t 2 gm after time t , then
2
find the force vector acting on the particle and calculate its magnitude when the particle stops.
= +
Answer
( )
( )
( )
o o
We have two methods to get S :
1 The first method is to find: S P P where P is the position when t 0
d S
Then V directly
d t
d p
2 The second method is to find: V directly which i
d t
= =
=
=
( )( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
2 3 2
2
2
s offcourse the easiest method
So P 2t 1 t 4t 4 2t 7t 4t C
d p 1
V 6t 14t 4 C And m t 1 which is variable

d t 2
d H d v 1

So we must used F m t 1 12t 14 C 6t 5t 14 C
d t d t 2
To ge
= + + = +
= = + = +
| |
= = = + = +
|
\ .

( )
( )( )
2 2
2
t the magnitude of the force vector when the particle stops :
So, particle stops when V 0 6t 14t 4 0 2 3t 7t 2 0
1
So 3t 1 t 2 0 t sec Or t 2 sec
3
1 1 1
When t sec : F 6 5
3 3 3
= + = + =
= = =
| | | |
= = +
|
\ . \
( ) ( )
( )
2
-35 35

14 C C Its magnitude is
3 3

When t 2sec : F 6 2 5 2 14 C 20 C Its magnitude is 20
| |
=
|
|
|
.
\ .
= = + =

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


Dynamic 3
rd
( ) ( )
( )

1 If F mg Sin , Then the motion is with uniform acceleration a
and is determined: F mg Sin ma
2 If F mg Sin , Then the motion is wi
u
u
u
>
=
<
Notes: From the above relations:
upward
downward
( )
( )
( )
th uniform acceleration a
and is determined: mg Sin F ma
3 If F mg Sin , Then the motion is and a 0
4 If F 0 , and the motion is upwards the plane
u
u
=
= =
=
at rest or with uniform velocity
( )
a - g Sin
5 If F 0 , and the motion is downwards the plane a g Sin
u
u
=
= =

Note : you have to know that smooth plane has no resistance and no friction

( ) ( )
1 If the motion the plane : 2 If the motion the plane : upward downward
( )
( )
( )
( )
F mg Sin ma 1 mg Sin F ma 1

R mg Cos 2 R mg cos 2
u u
u u
= =
= =

Case 4: Motion of a body on an inclined planes

1
st
: Smooth planes
planes


Dynamic 3
rd
A body of mass 2.5 kg placed on a plane inclined to the horizontal at an angle where
3
Sin moves under the action of force F acting along the line of the greatest slope. Find
5
the magnitude an
u
u =
smooth
( ) ( ) ( )
d the direction of the acceleration of the motion of the body and the normal
reaction of the plane to the body if:
a F 9.7 Newton b F 1.5 Kgm.wt c F 17.2 Newton = = =
o
60
o
60
o
60
o
o
12 3 Sin60
mg Cos60
mg
o
mg Sin60
o
12 3 Cos60
R
12 3
( )
( )
b When F 1.5 kg.wt : F mg Sin
a 0
5 4
And R mg Cos R 9.8 19.6 Newton 2kg.wt
2 5
c When F 17.2 Newton : F mg Sin
u
u
u
= =
=
= = = =
= >
Then the body moves with a uniform velocity:
Then the motion is d
2
F mg Sin ma 17.2 14.7 2.5a a 1m / sec
5 4
2 5
u
u
= = =
= = = =
ownward:
o
o o
o o
2
12 3 9.8 Cos60 101.84 Newton
98 3
And mg Sin60 4 9.8Sin60 33.95 Newton
5

12 3 9.8 Cos60 4 9.8Sin60 4a
a 16.97 m / sec
3 1
R 12 3 9.8 4 9.8 196 Newton
2 2

= =
=
=
= + =
Then the motion is upward
R 196 9.8 20 kg.wt = =
Example (1)

Answer

[

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (2)
o
A body of mass 4 kg placed on a plane inclined to the horizontal at an angle 60 , a
horizontal force of magnitude 12 3 kg .wt towards the plane acts on the body. Find the
magnitude and the direct
smooth
F
ion of the acceleration of the motion of the body and also find the
normal reaction of the plane to the body .

Answer

( )
2
3
mg Sin 2.5 9.8 14.7 Newton 1.5kg .wt
5
a When F 9.7 Newton : F mg Sin
mg Sin F ma 14.7 9.7 2.5a a 2m / sec
5 4
2 5
u
u
u
u
= = =
= <
= = =
= = = =
then the motion is downward


Dynamic 3
rd
2 2
5
S 225 cm 2.25 m t sec u 0
7
1 1 25
S ut at 2.25= a a 8.82m / sec
2 2 49
And FCos mg sin ma
12 3
F 40 9.8 40 8.82 F 637 Newton
13 5
And N F Sin mgCos 0
4
N 40 9.8 637
5
o u
o u
= = = =
= + =
=
= =
+ =
=
5
68.8 Newton
13
=
a
mg Sin u
u
( ) ( )
( )
2
2
2 2
2
2
1
F 0 a - g Sin -9.8 -0.49 m/sec
20
u 1.96 m / sec a -0.49 V 0
V u 2aS 0 1.96 2 0.49 S S 3.92 m
When the motion is downward :
1
F 0 a g Sin 9.8 0.49 m/sec
20
u 0 a 0.49 S 3.92
1 1
And S ut at 3.92 0.49 t t 4 se
2 2
u
u
= = = =
= = =
= + = =
= = = =
= = =
= + = = conds
Example (3)
A body of mass 40 kg is placed on a inclined plane whose inclination with the horizontal
3
is , where Sin . An inclined force whose inclination with the greatest slope to the plane is
5
where Si
u u o =
smooth
5
n , acts on the body upwards the plane. The body moves upwards the plane, a
13
5
distance 225 cm in sec starting from rest. Then find the magnitude of the force and the normal
7
reaction of the plane to
o =
the body .

Answer

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (4 important)
1
A plane inclined at an angle of Sin to the horizontal, a body is projected upwards with
20
velocity 196 cm/sec along the line of the greatest slope of this plane. Find the maximum distance
which
smooth
the body moves before it comes to rest, and the time taken to descend to the same point of
projection
Answer

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


Dynamic 3
rd
u
( ) ( )
( )
2
F
F
1.6
R 5 gCos 5 9.8 39.2 Newton
2
10 1
u 0 S 2 t And S ut at
7 2
1 100 196
2 a a 1.96 m / sec
2 49 100
So, mg Sin F ma
1.2
5 9.8 F 5 1.96
2
29.4 39.2 9.8 39.2
u
u

= = =
= = = = +
| |
= = =
|
\ .
=
| |
=
|
\ .
=
F
1
19.6
2
1
And F R 39.2 19.6 Newton 2 kg.wt
2
= =
= = = =
u

Note : In rough planes resistance Or friction force exists
Example (1)
A small wooden box of mass 5 kg is placed at the top of an inclined rough plane of 2 meters length
3
and height 1.2 m, the box slipped and arrived to the bottom of the plane after 1 sec, find the
7
magnitude of the acceleration of the body and the magnitude of the force of friction and also the
coefficient of friction.

Answer

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2
nd
: Rough planes
planes

F
F
R
5 g Sinu
5 g Cosu
5 g
a
u 0 =
10
t sec
7
=
1.2
1.6
2 cm


Dynamic 3
rd
u
( )
F
2
In this problem, the "F " is not mentioned , so we will use resistance instead
So, F R mg Sin ma
360 1
0 9.8 24 9.8 24a
1000 40
-1176
24a a -0.392m / sec
125
So, u 14m / sec
u =
| |
=
|
\ .
= =
=
( ) ( )
( )
2
2
2 2
a -0.392m / sec
V 0 S ??
So, V u 2as 0 14 2 -0.392 S
S 250m
When the body returns back :
1
mg Sin R ma' 24 9.8
40
u
=
= =
= + = +
=
|
=
( )( )
2
2
2 2 2
360
9.8 24a'
1000
a' 0.098 m / sec
So, S 250 m a' 0.098 m / sec u 0
So, V u 2as V 2 0.098 250
V
|
=
|
\ .
=
= = =
= + =
=7 m / sec
u
u
u
Example (2)
A body of mass 24 kgm is projected with velocity of magnitude 14 m/s in the direction of the line
1
of the greatest slope upwards of a rough plane inclined at an angle of Sin to the horizontal.
40
If the magnitude of the resistance to the motion of this body equals 360 gm.wt. Find the distance
which this body covers before it comes to rest, and if this body returned along the same line under
the same resistance. Then find the magnitude of the velocity of the body when it reaches the same
point of projection.

Answer

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

R
F
N
mg Sinu
mg Cosu
mg
a
motion
R
N
a
mg Sinu
mg Cosu
mg


Dynamic 3
rd
u
( )
F
12 588
R mgCos m 9.8 m
13 65
5
So, mg Sin F ma 9.8m R ma
13
49
m
13
u
u
= = =
| |
= =
|
\ .
588
m
65
m =
( )
2
2 2
49 588 1
a a
13 65 4
98
a m / sec
65
98
u 0 S 2.6 a
65
98
V u 2aS 2 2.6 7.84 V 2.8 m / s
65
To get the ascending velocity:
49 588 1
- mg Sin R ma' - m
13 65
u
| |
=
|
\ .
=
= = =
| |
= + = = =
|
\ .
=
( )
2
2 2 2
m ma'
4
49 588 1 392
- a' a' - m / sec
13 65 4 65
392
u ?? S 2.6 a - V 0
65
392
V u 2aS 0 u 2 2.6
65
u 5.6 m / s
| |
=
|
\ .
| |
= =
|
\ .
= = = =
| |
= + =
|
\ .
=
u
u
u
Example (3)
A body starts sliding from the top of an inclined plane whose length is 260 cm, the plane is inclined
5
to the horizontal at an angle of Sin . Find its velocity when its reaches the bottom of the plane
13
1
given that the coefficient of friction between the body and the plane equals . And if the body is
4
projected upwards the plane from the lowest point on the plane, find the velocity that is required to
make it reach the top of the plane.

Answer

F
F
R
mg Sinu
mg Cosu
mg
a
u 0 =
260 cm
F
F
R
mg Sinu
mg Cosu
mg
a
V 0 =
260 cm
u ?? =
5
12
u
13


Dynamic 3
rd
u
u
A
In this problem, the "smooth" plane is not mentioned , so resistance appears
Motion from A B :
1 1
u 0.14m / sec S 3 m R W mg 0.049m
200 200
1
So mg Sin R ma 9.8m 0.049m ma
100
u
= = = = =
| |
= =
|
\ .
( )
( ) ( )( )
2
2 2
B A
2
2
B
B
B B C
m
9.8
a 0.049 0.049m / sec
100
So V u 2aS
V 0.14 2 0.049 3 0.3136
V 0.56 m / sec
Motion from B C :
u V 0.56 m / sec V 0
- R ma' -0.049m ma' a' -0.0
= =
= +
= + =
=
= = =
= = =
( ) ( )
2
2
2 2
49m / sec
So V u 2aS 0 0.56 2 -0.049 S S 3.2m = + = + =
Example (4)
1
An inclined plane of length 3 meters and inclined at an angle of Sin to the horizontal. A body
100
started motion from the top of the incline with velocity of magnitude 14 cm / sec, and when it
reached the bottom of the incline, it continues its motion on a horizontal plane along the straight
line. If the body is moving with a uniform acceleration in each of the two distances and the
magnitude of the velocity of the body does not change when the body leaves the inclined to the
1
horizontal plane and magnitude of the resistance in each stage equals of the weight of the
200
body. Find the distance which the body moves on the horizontal plane before it comes to rest.
Answer

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

R
N
mg Sinu
mg Cosu
mg
a
motion
A
R
B C


Dynamic 3
rd
u
u
( ) ( )
( )
F
F
2
2 2
1 3
Motion from A B : F R R where R mgCos 980 m 588 m
3 5
4 1
So mg Sin F ma 980 m 588 m ma m
5 3
4 1
a 980 588 588 cm / sec
5 3
u 0 S 150 a 588
So V u 2aS 2 58
u
u
= = = = =
= =
= =
= = =
= + =
( )( )
( ) ( )
F
F
2
2
C
2 2
2 2
8 150 176400 V 420
1 980
Motion from B C : here F mg m
3 3
980
- F ma' - m ma'
3
980
a' - m cm / sec
3
980
u 420 V 140 a' - m cm/sec
3
98
So V u 2aS 140 420 2 -
= =
= =
= =
=
= = =
= + = +
0
m S S 240 cm
3
| |
=
|
\ .
Example (5)
A body is left to slide from the top of an inclined plane that ends at a horizontal plane, the
1
coefficient of friction between the body and each of the planes equals , if the inclined plane is
3
150 cm
4
long and the tangent of its angle of inclination to the horizontal equals . Find the
3
distance covered by the body on the horizontal plane when its velocity becomes 140 cm/sec, given
that the velocity of the body doesn't change when it transferred from the inclined to the horizontal
plane.

Answer

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

F
F
R
mg Sinu
mg Cosu
mg
a
motion
A
F
F
B C
V 140 =
u
4
3
5
mg
R


Dynamic 3
rd
o
45
( )
( )
o o
2
2 2
When the body is rough, Resistance appears
R mgCos45 And mg Sin45 R ma
2 3 2
9.8m 9.8 m ma
2 4 2
49 2 147 2 49 2
a a m / sec
10 40 40
49 2
u 0 S S s
40
1 1 49 2
S ut at t
2 2 40
= =
| | | |
=
| |
\ . \ .
= =
= = =
| |
= + = =
|
\ .
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
2
1
o o 2
2 2 2
2
49 2
t 1
80
When the plane is smooth No resistance exists
49 2
mg Sin45 ma a 9.8Sin45 m / sec
10
49 2
u 0 S s a
10
1 1 49 2 49 2
S ut at t t 2
2 2 10 20
49 2
t
S
20
By dividing 1 and 2 :
S

= = =
= = =
| |
= + = =
|
\ .
=
2
2
2
1
2
1 1
2
2 2
49 2
t
80
t 80 t
4 2
t 20 t
= = =
o
45
o
45
o
45
Example (6)
o
3
A body slides over a rough plane inclined to the horizontal at 45 ,If the coefficient of friction is
4
show that the time required to cover a distance "S" is double the time required to cover the same
distance if the plane is smooth.

Answer

F
F
R
o
mg Sin45
o
mg Cos 45
mg
a
u 0 =
R
o
mg Sin45
o
mg Cos 45
mg
a


Dynamic 3
rd
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
of the body on the plane P vertically downward
Opposite force acts on the body T vertically upward
1 P and T
=
=
Placing of a body on a plane :
a Action: Pressure
b Reaction:

( )
( )
( )
are equal in magnitude.
2 P and T are opposite in direction.
3 P and T have the same line of action.

Suspension of a body by a spring balance :
a Actio
( )
( ) ( )
( )
force of the body on the plane T vertically upward
force acts on the body T vertically downward
1 P and T are equal in magnitude.
=
=
n: Tension
b Reaction: Tension

( )
( )
2 P and T are opposite in direction.
3 P and T have the same line of action.

T
P
T
T
Spring balance

For every action, there is a reaction equal in magnitude and opposite in direction.

( )
The third law studies only the mutual effect between two connected bodies, where one of them
acts upon the other one by force F called the ACTION, Then the other body will react on the
first one by f
( )
( )
orce -F called the REACTION.
This means that the resultant of the two forces vanishes F -F 0 + =
Explanation of the law

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Newtons Third law
Motion of a body in a lift
moving vertically


Dynamic 3
rd
( ) ( )
Lift is moving up
Acceleration up |
( ) ( )
Lift is moving down
Acceleration down +
( )
Lift is at rest
a 0 =
( )
T m g a And T mg = + >
( )
T m g a And mg T = >
T mg And T mg = =
T
T
T
mg
mg
mg
a
a
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
Notes: 1 T Apparent weight Spring balance Balance reading records
2 mg Common weight Pressure balance Pressure reading records
If the lift is moving up with acceleration or moving down with re
= = =
= = =
( )
( ) ( )
tardation
The equation of motion: T mg ma T mg ma
T m g a
Then The apparent weight T Common weight mg
= = +
= +
>
Rules

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

( )
( ) ( )
If the lift is moving down with acceleration or moving up with retardation
The equation of motion: mg T ma T mg ma
T m g a
Then Common weight mg The apparent weight T
= =
=
>

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( ) ( )
If the lift is at rest or moving with a uniform velocity
The equation of motion: T mg 0
T mg
Then The apparent weight T Common weight mg
=
=
=

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Summary of rules


Dynamic 3
rd
( )
( )
( ) ( )
The reading mg 3.8 9.8 37.24 Newton 1 also m 3.8 kg
The reading T 3.99 9.8 39.102 Newton 2
From 1 and 2 : T mg Th
= = = =
= = =
>
I n the case of using the common balance:

I n the case of using the spring balance:

( )
2
e lift is moving upwards
Then the rule will be in that case : T m g a mg ma
where m real weight 39.102 37.24 3.8a a 0.49 m / sec
= + = +
= = + =

Example (1)
( )
A woman of mass 56 kgm stands on the floor of the lift . Calculate in kgm.wt the pressure of the
floor of the lift in each of the following cases:
1 If the lift is moving vertically with uniform veloc
( )
( )
( )
2
2
ity.
2 If the lift is moving upwards with uniform acceleration of magnitude 1.05 m / sec .
3 If the lift is moving downwards with uniform acceleration of magnitude 1.05 m / sec .
4 If the lift is moving upwa
2
rds with uniform retardation of magnitude 1.05 m / sec .
Answer
Question Answer
( )
1 If the lift is moving vertically with
uniform velocity.

T mg T 56 9.8 548.8 Newton
T 548.8 9.8 56 kg.wt
= = =
= =

( )
2
2 If the lift is moving upwards with
uniform acceleration of magnitude
1.05 m / sec .

( ) ( ) T m g a T 56 9.8 1.05 607.6 Newton
T 607.6 9.8 62 kg.wt
= + = + =
= =

( )
2
3 If the lift is moving downwards with
uniform acceleration of magnitude
1.05 m / sec .

( ) ( ) T m g a T 56 9.8 1.05 490 Newton
T 490 9.8 50 kg.wt
= = =
= =

( )
2
4 If the lift is moving upwards with
uniform retardation of magnitude
1.05 m / sec .

2
This is the same as lift is moving downwards with
uniform acceleration of magnitude 1.05 m/ sec ,
which is the same as the third 50 kg.wt =

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (2)
A t moves vertically with uniform acceleration, and during the motion a body is weighted by
a fixed to the lift then by . In the first case, the reading is
3.99 kgm.wt a
lif
spring balance common balance
nd in the second case, the reading is 3.8 kgm.wt. Then find the direction and
the magnitude of the lift acceleration

Answer


Dynamic 3
rd
( ) ( )
( )
: if the acceleration is unknown, find the apparant weight T and the common weight mg
a T 8.5 9.8 83.3 Newton & mg 10 9.8 98 Newton
So, mg T Then the lift moves downward
Its ru
= = = =
>
Note
( )
( )
2
le : T m g a mg ma 83.3 98 10a
14.7
10a 98 83.3 10a 14.7 a 1.47 m / sec
10
b T 10.5 9.8 102.9 Newton & mg 10 9.8 98 Newton
So, T mg Then the lift moves upward
= = =
= = = =
= = = =
>
( )
( )
2
Its rule : T m g a mg ma 102.9 98 10a
4.9
10a 102.9 98 10a 4.9 a 0.49 m / sec
10
c T 10 9.8 98 Newton & mg 10 9.8 98 Newton
So, T mg Then the lift is at
= + = + = +
= = = =
= = = =
= rest a 0 =
T
mg
mg
T
( ) m m' g +
T
( )
( ) ( )
( )
First To find the pressure on the base of the box:
The box bear a mass 280 kgm
Then the pressure: T m g a 280 9.8 0.7 2940 Newton
Second To find the tension on the rope:
The rope bear a mass
= + = + =
( ) ( )
( )
2
280 kgm and 700 kgm
Then the tension: T m g a 980 9.8 0.7 10290 Newton
Third After cutting the rope:
After cutting the rope, the box will move downward according to
acceleration 9.8 m / sec
Then the tension:
= + = + =
( ) ( )
T m g a 280 9.8 9.8 0 = = =
a
a
Example (3)
A body of mass 10 kgm is suspended to the hook of a spring balance fixed to the ceiling of a
If the lift is moving vertically with uniform acceleration, then find the acceleration and its
directio

lift ,
( ) ( ) ( )
n when the of the body is :
a 8.5 kg.wt b 10.5 kg.wt c 10 kg.wt
apparent weight

Answer

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (4)
2
A body of mass 280 kgm is placed on the base of a box of mass 700 kgm and the box is
by a vertical rope to move with a uniform acceleration of magnitude 70 cm / sec . Find the
magnitude of the bo
lifted

dy pressure on the box base and the magnitude of the tension in the rope
which liftes the box and if the rope is cut , find the pressure on the box base.

Answer


Dynamic 3
rd
mg
T
T
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
Let the mass of the body is m kg and the balance reading is T
The lift is moving upwards with a uniform acceleration a :
T m g a 7.5 9.8 m 9.8 a 1
The lift is moving downwards with a unif
= + = +
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2
orm acceleration 2a :
T m g a 6 9.8 m 9.8 2a 2
5 9.8 a
From 1 and 2 and by division:
4 9.8 2a
By cross multiplication: 39.2 4a 49 10a
9.8
14a 9.8 a 0.7 m / sec
144
The
= =
+
=
+ =
= = =
( ) ( )
( )
n subtitute in 1 : 7.5 9.8 m 9.8 0.7 m 7 kg
Let the mass of the lift containing the maximum cargo be m'
1.5 1000 9.8 m' 9.8 0.7 m' 1400 kg
Then the maximum cargo can be loaded is 1400 500 900 k
= + =
= + =
= g
mg
a
a
( )
T 5 1000 5000 kgm.wt 9.8 49000 Newton & mg 4 1000 9.8 39200 Newton
So, T mg The lift is upwards
And : T m g a mg ma 49000 39200 4000 a
4000a 49000 39200 4000a 980
= = = = =
>
= + = + = +
= =
2
2 2 2
9800
0 a 2.45 m / sec
4000
1 1
And S ut at 19.6 2.45t t 16 t 4 sec
2 2
= =
= + = = =
Example (5)
( )
2
A body is suspended from the end of a spring balance fixed in the ceiling of an elevator, when
the lift is moving upwards with a uniform acceleration of magnitude a m / sec . The balance
reading was 7.5 k

( )
2
g.wt and when the lift is moving downwards with a uniform acceleration
of magnitude 2a m / sec . The balance reading was 6 kg.wt. Find the mass of the body and
magnitude of a. If the chain holding the ele

vator can not support a tension greater than the weight
1.5 tons , find the maximum load the elevator could raise while ascending with acceleration a
given that the mass of the elevator when empty is 500 kg
Answer

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (6)
A crane a mass of 4 tons and its chains bears a maximum tension of 5 tons.wt. Find the
maximum acceleration which the crane can lift the body without breaking the chains, and
find the time taken
lifts

to lift the body with the acceleration a distance of 19.6 meters.
Answer


Dynamic 3
rd
( ) ( )
2
* When the lift is at rest and its reading is 70 kg.wt :
Then T mg 70 9.8 9.8m m 70kg
* When the lift ascends with uniform acceleration 2.45 m / sec :
Then T m g a T 70 2.45 9.8 857.5 Ne
= = =
= + = + =
857.5
wton T 87.5 kg.wt
9.8
* When the lift moves with uniform velocity :
686
Then T mg 70 9.8 686 Newton T 70 kg.wt
9.8
* When the lift ascends with retardation : Means it moves downward wit
= =
= = = =
( ) ( )
( )
( )
2
2 2
h acceleration
Then T m g a 1
So, in order to find a , we have to get the velocity in this part.
So, from the begining: u 0 At rest S 10 m a 2.45 m / sec
And V u 2aS 2 2.45 10 49 V 49 7 m
=
= = =
= + = = = =
( )
2 2
/s
Then this velocity will be the initial velocity at the last part:
Then u 7 m / sec V 0 S 35 10 5 20 m
-49
V u 2aS 0 49 40a a
40
49
By substituting in 1 : T 70 9.8 600.25 New
40
= = = =
= + = + =
| |
= =
|
\ .
( )
ton 9.8 61.25 kg.wt =
Example (7)
lift A has a balance on its floor is loaded with coal when it is at rest in the bottom of a mine 35
meters deep under the ground. The reading of the balance is 70 kg.wt , then the lift ascends with
unif
2
orm acceleration 2.45 m / sec a distance of 10 meters, then with uniform velocity a distance
of 5 meters. Then with retardation till it stops at the top of the mine. Find the reading of the
balance measured in kg.wt during the three distances.
Answer

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


Dynamic 3
rd
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
2
1
1 2
1 2
1 2
1
Rule 1 T m g a when the movement is upward
T m g a when the movement is downward
From that, we can say that: m g a m g a
m m
Then the acceleration of the whole system : Rule 2 a g
m m
where m : greates
= +
=
= +
=
+
2 2
2
t mass m : lowest mass g 9.8 m / sec or 980 cm / sec =
P 2T =

we are dealing with motion of bodies connected by strings. We assume that the length of a
string remains constant (inextensible). We also assume that the weight of a string is too small
compared to the weight of the connected bodies, so that we may neglect its weight.
We have three types of applications
1
st
application
Motion of a system of two bodies hanging vertically from the ends of
a string which passes over a pulley.
To study this problem, we solve the motion of each body separately, this is
because problems involving particles which are connected by strings are
moving in different directions. So, since
1
m is larger than
2
m we expect
1
m
to move vertically downwards, and
2
m to move vertically upwards. Let
1 2
e , e
be the unit vectors directed respectively along the downward and upward
verticals. Let a be the algebraic measure relative to
1
e of the acceleration vector
of body of mass
1
m , then :

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Important remarks
(1) The distance between the two bodies is S 2
(2) The maximum height from the original position is = + =
2
max max
U U
S S and Time
2g g

(3) When the bodies are moving on the pulley, then we are dealing with
( )
g a , but when the
strings are cut, then we are dealing with gravity (g) only.
(4) If the pulley is holded, then = T mg only

(5) The pressure on the pulley :
The string exerts two forces on the pulley each of magnitude T, which are
directed vertically downwards, as in the opposite figure.
The resultant of these two forces is called the pressure on the pulley,

its magnitude is:
Applications on Newtons laws Connecting strings


Dynamic 3
rd
= u 0
( )
( )
( ) ( )
=
+
= =
+
=
=
=
1 2
1 2
2
m m
a To get the acceleration: a g
m m
420 280
a 980 196 cm/sec
420 280
b To get the tension,we can use the rule of the body of mass 420 gm:
body is downward descending T m g a
T 420 980 19
( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )( )
= =
=
= =
= + = =
= + = =
2
2
6 329280 dyne 980 336 gm.wt
c To get the pressure on the pulley: P 2T
P 2 336 672 gm.wt
d V u at V 196 3 588 cm / sec
1 1
e S ut at S 196 3 882 cm
2 2
Then the vertical distance between the two = = bodies is S 2 882 1764 cm
= u 0
= t 3
= t 3
a
a
Example (1)
( )
Two bodies of masses 420, 280 gm are tied at the two ends of a light string which passes over a
fixed smooth pulley, the system starts motion vertically from rest, find:
a The magnitude of the accelerati
( )
( )
( )
( )
on of the system.
b The magnitude of the tension of the string in gm.wt.
c The pressure on the pulley.
d The velocity of the two bodies after 3 seconds from the begining of the motion.
e The vertical distance between the two bodies after 3 seconds.
Answer

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

T
T
420
280


Dynamic 3
rd
( )
= + =
= + =
=
+
1 2
1 2
the first body is decending downward under the action of mass 20 140 160 gm
and the second body is ascending upward under the action of mass 20 100 120 gm
m m
a To get the acceleration: a g
m m
a
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
= =
+
=
=
= = =
2
160 120
980 140 cm/sec
160 120
b To get the tension, we can use the rule of the body of mass 160 gm:
body is downward descending T m g a
960
T 160 980 140 134400 dyne 980 gm.wt
7
c To get the pressure
( )
=
st nd
1 1
on each pan:
for the 1 pan for the 2 pan
Downward upward
T m g a
( )
( ) ( )
=
= = +
= = = =
2 2
1 2
1 2
T m g a
T 140 980 140 T 100 980 140
800
T 117600 980 120 gm.wt T 112000 980 gm.wt
7
a
a
Example (2)
Two scale pans each of them is of mass 20 gm are hanged at the two ends of a light string passes
over a smooth pulley, a body of mass 140 gm is placed on one of the two pans, and the another
body of mas
( )
( )
( )
s 100 gm is placed on the other pan, calculate:
a The magnitude of the common acceleration of the system.
b The magnitude of the tension of the string.
c The magnitude of the pressure on each scale pan.
Answer

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

T
T
20+140
20+100


Dynamic 3
rd
= u 0
( )
( )
( ) ( )
Let the body whose mass is m be the higher mass so to descend downward
And P 2T 240 2T T 120 gm.wt
T m g a is the rule of the body whose mass is 140 gm
120 980 140 980 a 140
840 980 a a -1
= = =
= +
= +
= + =
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )( )
2
2
2
40 cm/sec
Then substitute in the rule of mass m : T m g a
120 980
120 980 m 980 -140 m 105 gm
980 140
To get the vertical distance: u 0 t 2 a 140
1 1
S ut at S 140 2 280 cm
2 2
Then the vertical distance between th
=
= = =
+
= = =
= + = =
e two bodies is S 2 280 560 cm = =
= u 0
t 2 =
t 2 =
a
a
a
a
1
1
1 1
Let the spring balance be put at the string of the body of m m
The string is holded, then a 0 " rest state" T m g 200 gm.wt
T m 980 200 980 dyne m 200 gm
When the string is moving T 300 980 294000 dyne
=
= = =
= = =
= =
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
1
2
2 2
2 2
And T m g a 294000 200 980 a
980 a 1470 a 980 1470 -490 sm/sec
To get the body of mass m : T m g a
294000 m 980 -490 m 600 gm
= =
= = =
= +
= + =
Example (3)
Two bodies of masses 140, m gm are connected at the two ends of a string which passes over a
smooth pulley, if the system starts motion from rest when the two bodies are on the same
horizontal level and
( )
the magnitude of the pressure of the pulley is 240 gm.wt, find the magnitude
of m and the vertical distance between the two bodies after 2 seconds from the begining of
motion.
Answer

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (4)
( )
Two bodies are hanged at the two ends of a string passing over a smooth pulley, the string holds
a light spring balance neglect its weight . If we hold the string at the pulley, the reading of the
balance is 200 gm.wt and if we left the string and the system started motion the reading became
300 gm.wt, find the mass of each of the two bodies.

Answer

T
T
m
140
T
T
1
m
2
m


Dynamic 3
rd
u 40 =
u 40 =
t 4 =
t 4 =
a
a
( ) ( )
2
2 2
1 2
1 2
The mass return back to its position means S 0 :
1 1
S ut at 0 40 4 4 a a -20 cm/sec
2 2
m m m 500
a g -20 980
m m m 500
m 500 -20 -1
49m 24500 - m 500
m 500 980 49
50m 24000 m 480 gm
To get the tension:

=
= + = + =

= =
+ +
= = =
+
= =
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
1
5
T m g a 480 980 - 20
480000 Dyne 10 4.8 Newton
= =
= =
Example (5)
( )
( )
Two bodies of masses of 500 gm, m gm are tied to the ends of a string passing over a smooth
pulley, the system starts motion with velocity 40 cm/sec, such that the mass m descends with
this velocity ver
( )
2
tically downwards, and after 4 seconds, it is found that this mass returned to its
starting position, prove that the magnitude of the acceleration equals 20 cm/sec , and find the
value of m and the magnitude of the tension in the string in Newton.

Answer

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

T
T
m
500


Dynamic 3
rd
= u 0
= u 0
t 3 =
t 3 =
S 630 =
S 630 =
( )
( )( )
( )
2
2 2
1 2
1 2
Let the body whose mass is m be the higher mass so to descend downward
The system before cutting: 2S 1260 S 630 cm
1 1
S ut at 630 a 3 a 140 cm / sec
2 2
m m m 42
And a g 140 980 140
m m m 42
m 42
1 7
m 42
= =
= + = =

= =
+ +
=
+
2
max
m 42 7m 294
6m 336 m 56 gm
u
The system after cutting: S where u is the velocity after 3 seconds
2g
So in order to get the velocity after 3 sec: u 0 t 3 a 140 S 630
V
+ =
= =
=
= = = =
=
( )
( )
2
2
max
u at V 140 3 420 cm / sec
420
u
S 90 cm the body can reach is 90 630 720 cm from its
2g 2 980
original position.
+ = =
= = = + =
a
a
Example (6)
( )
Two bodies of masses 42, m gm are hanged from the ends of a light string which passes over a
smooth pulley, the system starts motion from rest when the two bodies are on the same horizontal
level, and t
( )
he mass m moved vertically downwards till the vertical distance between it and the
other body became 1260 cm after 3 sec. from the begining of motion, find the magnitude of the
acceleration and the valu
( )
e of m . And if the string is cut at this instant, find the maximum height
that the mass of 42 gm can reach.
Answer

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

T
T
m
42


Dynamic 3
rd
= u 0
= u 0
t 2 =
t 2 =
S ?? =
S ?? =
a
a
( )
( )
1
2
2
1 2
1 2
The system before cutting:
And T m g a is the rule of the body whose mass is 300 gm
m m 500 300
And a g a 980 245 cm/sec
m m 500 300
Then substitu
=
= +

= = =
+ +
( )
( ) ( )
1
2
max
te in T m g a
T 500 980 245 367500 980 375 gm.wt
The system after cutting:
u
S where u is the velocity after 2 seconds
2g
So in order to get the velocity after 2 sec: u 0 t 2 a 245
V u
=
= = =
=
= = =
= +
( )
( )
( )
( )( )
2
2
max
2
2
at V 245 2 490 cm / sec
490
u
S 122.5 cm, now we have to get the distance S from the starting point
2g 2 980
So, u 0 t 2 a 245
1 1
S ut at 245 2 490 cm
2 2
Then the body can reach is 122.5 4
= =
= = =
= = =
= + = =
+ 90 612.5 cm
The time of the maximum height:
u 490 1
T sec.
g 980 2
=
= = =
Example (7)
A light string is passing over a smooth small pulley and holds at its two ends two bodies of masses
of 500, 300 gm vertically below the pulley, write down the equation of motion of each of the two
masses, then determine the magnitude of the acceleration of the system, and the magnitude of the
tension in the string, and if the system starts motion from rest then the string is cut after 2 seconds.
Mention the maximum height that the mass of 300 gm ascended from its original position, and the
time taken to inverse its motion.
Answer

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

T
T
500
300


Dynamic 3
rd
= u 0
= u 0
t 0.5 =
t 0.5 =
v 140 =
a
a
( )
2
1 2
1 2
m m 45 25
a g a 980 280 cm/sec
m m 45 25
We have to find the velocity just before cutting:
u 0 t 0.5 a 280
V u at V 280 0.5 140 cm / sec
So in order to

= = =
+ +
= = =
= + = =
( )( )
2
2
get the velocity of the system when the body
reaches the floor, we have to find the distance of each one
0.5 seconds before.
So, U 0 t 0.5 a 280
1 1
S ut at 280 0.5 35 cm
2 2
= = =
= + = =
( )
2 1
2

Note :
The body of m 25 The body of m 45
S
= =
=
use the rules of gravity
when they reach the floor means that the rules of gravity is positive
1
2 2 1 1
65 35 100 cm S 65 35 30 cm
U 140 V ? S 100 U 140 V ? S 30

+ = = =
= = = = = =
( ) ( )( ) ( ) ( )( )
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 1
2
V u 2 g S
V 140 2 980 100 V 140 2 980 30
215600 78400
V 215600 464.32 cm
= +
= + = +
= =
= ~
1
V 78400 280 cm = =
floor
65 cm
v 140 =
Example (8)
Two bodies of masses 45, 25 gm are attached to the two ends of a light string passes over a
smooth pulley, the system started its motion when the two bodies were on the same horizontal
level at a hight
( )
( )
1
of 65 cm from the floor surface and the string is cut after seconds from the
2
begining of the motion, find:
a The magnitude of the acceleration of the system.
b The velocity of the system immediately b
( )
efore cutting the string.
c The velocity of each of the two bodies when they reach the floor surface.

Answer

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
T
T
45
25


Dynamic 3
rd
= u 0
= u 0
t 3 =
t 3 =
v 480 =
a
a
( )
2
1 2
1 2
m m 280 210
m m 280 210
We have to find the velocity just before cutting:
u 0 t 3 a 140
V u at V 140 3 420 cm / sec
So in order

= = =
+ +
= = =
= + = =
( )( )
2
2
to find the distance of each body after 1 sec
from cutting, we have to find their distance before cutting.
So, U 0 t 3 a 140
1 1
S ut at 140 3 630 cm
2 2
= = =
= + = =
means to use the ru
( )
2 1
We won't use the rule of maximum height, as the problem didnt mention it
The body of m 210 The body of m 280
U 420 g 980 t 1
= =
= = =
les of gravity
Note
( )
( ) ( )( ) ( ) ( )( )
2 2
2 2
2 2
S ?? U 420 g 980 t 1 S ??
1 1
S ut gt -ve asbody is above S ut gt
2 2
1 1
S 420 1 980 1 -70 cm S 420 1 980 1
2 2
= = = = =
= = +
= = = + =
( )
910 cm
Then the total distance done by one body from the begining of motion:
S 630 2 910 70 2100 cm = + =
v 480 =
Example (9)
Two bodies of masses 280, 210 gm are attached to the two ends of a light string passes over a
smooth pulley, the system started its motion when the two bodies were on the same horizontal
level, if the string is cut after 3 seconds from the begining of the motion, find the distance between
the two bodies after one second from cutting the string.
Answer

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

T
T
280
210


Dynamic 3
rd
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )( )
2
1 2
1 2
2
2
450 250
m m
To get the acceleration: a g a 980 280 cm/sec
m m 450 250
To get the distance of each body will cut after 3 sec.:
1 1
S ut at S 280 3 1260 cm
2 2
When the body of m 350 gm dropped
Then th
= = =
+ +
= + = =
=
1 2
1 2
e acceleration and the tension of the string changed
So, first we have to find the final velocity just before dropping
the body, V u at 280 3 840 cm / sec
m m
To find the new acceleration: a' g
m m
= + = =
=
+
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
2
2 2
2 2
100 250
a' 980 -420 cm/sec
100 250
To get the total time from the begining of the motion:
U 840 a -420 S -1260 don' t say S 0
1 1
S ut at -1260 840t -420 t
2 2
210t 840t 1260 0 210 t 4t 6 0
By u
= =
+
= = = =
= + = +
= =
2
-b b 4ac
sing formula: t 2 10 sec
2a
Then the time from the begining of the motion is 3 2 10 5 10 seconds

= = +
+ + = +
a
a
= u 0
t 3 =
= u 0
t 3 =
V 840 =
s 1260 =
Example (10* Excellent students*)
( )
Two pans of an ordinary balance scale Common balance the mass of each pan is 100 gm.
they are connected by a light string passes over a smooth pulley that's vertically fixed. A body
of mass 150 gm is placed on one pan, a body of mass 350 gm is placed on the other pan, the
motion of the system starts from rest , find the magnitude of the acceleration of the system and
the distance that each mass will cut after 3 seconds from the begining of the motion, and if the
greatest mass is dropped from the pan in that instant , then prove that the time taken from the
begining of the motion till the system is back to its first position is 5 10 seconds. +

Answer

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

T
T
100+350
100+150
V 840 =
s 1260 =


Dynamic 3
rd
= u 0
= u 0
t 1 =
t 1 =
v 490 =
a
a
u 490 =
u 490 =
t 3.5 =
t 3.5 =
a
a
( )
( ) ( )
2
1 2
1 2
1
m m 240 80
m m 240 80
T 240 980 490 117600 dyne 980 120 gm.wt
When the body of m 180 gm is separated
Then the acceleration and

= = =
+ +
=
= = =
=
1 2
1 2
2
the tension of the string changed
So, first we have to find the final velocity just before
separation, V u at 490 1 490 cm / sec
m m
m m
60 80
a' 980 -140 cm/sec
60 80
= + = =
=
+
= =
+
( )( )
To get the total time from the begining of the motion:
U 490 a -140 t 3.5
V u at V 490 -140 3.5 0
Then the velocity becomes to rest after 3.5 seconds
from separation
= = =
= + = + =
v 490 =
Example (11)
A thread passes over a smooth pulley, a body of mass 80 gm is attached to one of its end and on
the other end 2 bodies of masses 180 gm, 60 gm . The system starts motion from rest for one
second. Find the magnitude of the acceleration of the system, the magnitude of the tension in the
thread, if the body of the mass 180 gm is separated at this instant, prove that the system will come
to rest again after 3.5 seconds more.
Answer

T
T
180
80
60
T
T
60
80


Dynamic 3
rd
= u 0
= u 0
a
a
S 12.5 =
floor
a
floor
12.5 cm
60 cm
T 0 =
1
V u 70 = =
( )
( )
( )( )
2
1 2
1 2
2 2 2
The acceleration of the system:
36 30 44
m m
m m 36 30 44
The body of mass 36 gm make a distance 12.5 cm when the body
of mass 30 gm reaches the ground
V u 2as V 2 196 12.5 490
+
= = =
+ + +
= + = =
( )
2
0
V 70 cm / s is the velocity of the body when
m 30 touched floor
After that: The string is relaxing T 0 and then acceleration changed
36 44
a' 980 -98 cm/sec is the n
36 44
=
=
=
= =
+
( ) ( )( )
2
2 2
ew acceleration of the system
To find the distance when the body of m 36 becomes to rest
U 70 a -98 V 0
V u 2aS 0 70 2 -98 S
4900
196 S 4900 S 25 cm
196
Then its distance from the ground is S
=
= = =
= + = +
= = =
60 25 35 cm = =
S 25 cm =
a
V 0 =
Example (12 * Excellent students*)
Two bodies of masses 44, 36 gm are tied at the two ends of a string passes round a smooth pulley
the 36 gm is attached to another string that holds at its end a body of mass 30 gm vertically, the
system starts motion when the mass of 30 gm was at height 12.5 cm above the ground, prove that
the 36 gm mass will rest when its height is at 35 cm above the ground given that the length of the
string connecting the two masses 36 and 30 gm is 60 cm.
Answer

T
T
30
T
T
36
44
30
36
44


Dynamic 3
rd
= u 0
= u 0
t 1 =
t 1 =
s 10 =
a
a
( )( )
2
2 2
1 2
1 2
To find the acceleration u 0 t 1 2S 20 S 10
1 1
S ut at 10 a 1 a 20 cm / sec
2 2
To find the masses of the bodies:
m m m 9 m
a g 20 980
m m m 9 m
9 20 1
2m 9 441 2m 432
2m 9 980 49
m 216 , then the
= = = =
= + = =
+
= =
+ + +
= = + = =
+
= first body is of mass 9 216 225 gm
The system after separating the 9 gm:
Then the acceleration and the tension of the string changed
So, first we have to find the final velocity just before
separation, V u
= + =
=
( )
1 2
1 2
2
at 20 1 20 cm / sec
m m
m m
216 216
a' 980 0 uniform motion
216 216
When the ascending body hit the pulley: S 30 10 20 cm
1
U 20 a 0 S 20 S ut at 20 20t t 1 sec
2
To g
+ = =
=
+
= =
+
= =
= = = = + = =
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
1
1
et the tension in the two casses
Before separation: T m g a T 225 980 20 216000 dyne
After separation: T m g a T 216 980 0 211680 dyne
Then the difference between the two tensions: 216000-211680 4320 dyne
= = =
= = =
=
s 10 =
S 30 =
S 20 =
Example (13)
Two bodies of equal masses are tied by a light string passes over a smooth pulley, the two bodies
were on the same horizontal level, and the length of each side of the string is 30 cm, a body of
mass 9 gm is placed over one of the two bodies and the system starts motion from rest. It is found
that the vertical distance between the two bodies is 20 cm after one second, and then the 9 gm mass
is separated, find the value of the two masses, and the time taken after separating the 9 gm mass so
that the ascending mass hit the pulley, and find the difference between the two magnitudes of the
tension of the string in the two cases in dyne.
Answer

T
T
+ m 9
m


Dynamic 3
rd
T T
T
a
a
A
m g
B
m g
A
B
( )
Two bodies, one of them is horizontal and the other is vertical connected by a string Case 1
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
B B A
B A B B A B
B
A B
F
To find the acceleration * Body at B: m g T m a 1 * Body at A: T m a 2
By adding: m g m a m a m g a m m
m g
a
m m
If resistance F appears plane is rough
* Body at
= =
= + = +
=
+
( )
( )
( )
A
B B F
F A
A B A B
F
A: T R m a 2
m g R m g F
a Or a where F R and R m g
m m m m
If the string is cut T 0 , then we have one out of two options
* If there is no resistance F given
=

= = = =
+ +
= Remark
( )
F
* If there is a resistance F given
( )
The body is moving with
uniform motion a 0
And S ut
=
=
2
- R ma a -ve
1
And S ut at
2
= =
= +
2 2
g 9.8 m / sec Or g 980 cm / sec = =
Important rule
The pressure on the pulley: P 2T =
2
nd
application
The motion of a system of two bodies, one of them moving on a smooth/ rough horizontal
plane, the other moving vertically.
To study this problem, we consider separately the motion of each of the bodies, this is because
problems involving particles which are connected by strings passes through pulley (s)are
moving in different directions.

For the vertical body: The body is moving under the action of gravity

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


Dynamic 3
rd
( )
Three bodies, two of them is horizontal and the other is vertical connected by 2 strings Case 2
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
B 2 B
2 1 A
1 C
B B A C
B A B C
B
A B C
F
To find the acceleration
* Body at B: m g T m a 1
* Body at A: T T m a 2
* Body at C: T m a 3
By adding: m g m a m a m a
m g a m m m
m g
a
m m m
If resistance F appears plane is rou
=
=
=
= + +
= + +
=
+ +
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
1 F C
2 1 F A
gh
* Body at C: T R F m a 1
* Body at A: T T R F m a 2
=
=
A
m g
A
C
m g
a
B
m g
B
1
T
C
a
1
T
2
T
2
T
2
T
( )
Three bodies, one of them is horizontal and two are vertical connected by 2 strings Case 3
2
T
2
T
a
A
m g
C
m g
A
B
1
T
C
a
1
T
2
T
( )
( )
( ) ( )
2 A
C 1 C
B 1 2 B
C B 2 B C
B C
A B C
F
* Body at A: T m a
* Body at C: m g T m a 1
* Body at B: m g T T m a 2
By adding: m g m g T m a m a
m g m g
a
m m m
If resistance F appears plane is rough
* Bo
=
=
+ =
+ = +
+
=
+ +
( )
2 F A
dy at A: T R F m a =
2
Important rule
2
Important rule

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


Dynamic 3
rd
( )
( )
( )
B 2 B
2 1 A
1 C C
B C B A
Assume the acceleration is moving in the direction of body B
Before cutting: to find the acceleration
* Body at C: T m g m a 3
By adding: m g m g m a m
=
=
=
= +
( )
C
B C A B C
B C
A B C
a m a
m g m g a m m m
m g m g
a
m m m
+
= + +
=
+ +
1
T
A
B
a
C
1
T
1
T
2
T
2
T
2
T
a a
A
m g
m g
c
B
m g
( )
Three bodies, one of them is horizontal and two are vertical connected by 2 strings Case 4
T T
T
a
a
100+50
600
A
m g
B
m g
A
B
A body of mass 600 gm rests on a smooth horizontal table and tied to a string passing over a
smooth pulley fixed at the edge of the table and its other end hangs vertically from it, a scale
pan of mass 100 gm, a body of mass 50 gm is placed on the pan, find the magnitude of pressure
on each of the pulley and the pan.
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
B B A
B A B B A B
2
B
A B
A
m g 150 980
a a 196 cm / sec
m m 150 600
Substitute in 2 :
T m a 600 196 117600 dyne 980 120 gm.wt
Th
= =
= + = +
= = =
+ +
= = = =
( ) ( )
B
en the pressure on the pulley is P 2T 120 2 gm.wt
To find the pressure on the pan
T m g a 50 980 196 39200 dyne 40 gm.wt
= =
= = = =

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (1)

Answer

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


Dynamic 3
rd
T T
T
a
a
140
350
A
m g
B
m g
A
B
A body of mass 350 gm is placed on a smooth horizontal table, then it is connected by a light
string passing over a smooth pulley at the edge of the table whose other end holds a body of
mass 140 gm, find the magnitude of the acceleration of the system and the magnitude of the
tension in the string. If the string is cut after just one second from the begining of the motion,
find the distance that each
1
of the two bodies will cut after second from the moment of cutting
2
the string.
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
B B A
B A B B A B
2
B
A B
A
m g 140 980
a a 280 cm / sec
m m 140 350
Substitute in 2 :
T m a 350 280 98000 dyne 980 100 gm.wt
In
= =
= + = +
= = =
+ +
= = = =
order to find the distance done by each body
after cutting the string, we have to find the final velocity just before cutting
Before cutting: Get the final velocity just before cutting
So V u at 0 280 1 2 = + = + =
( ) ( )
( )
80 cm / sec
After cutting:
Body A Horizontal body is moving Body B Vertical body is moving under
with a uniform motion as T a 0 the action of the gravity
1
u 280 a 0 t
2
= =
= = =
( )
2
2 2
1
u 280 g 980 t
2
1 1 1 1 1 1
S ut at 280 140 cm S ut gt 280 980
2 2 2 2 2 2

= = =
| | | | | |
= + = = = + = +
| | |
\ . \ . \ .
262.5 cm =
Example (2)

Answer

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


Dynamic 3
rd
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
B 2 B
2 1 A
1 C
B B A C
B A B C
B
A B C
1 C
m g a m m m
m g
a
m m m
m 980
a 4
m 175 125
From 3 : T m a
=
=
=
= + +
= + +
=
+ +
=
+ +
=
( )
( )
( )
2
2 1 A 2
2
50 980 125a a 392 cm / sec
980m
Substitute in 4 : 392 117600 392m 980m m 200 gm
m 300
Substitute in 2 : T T m a T 50 980 175 392
T 117600 dyne 980 120 gm.wt
= =
= + = =
+
= =
= =
Two bodies of masses 125 gm and 175 gm are placed on a smooth horizontal table and connected
by a light string, then the greatest mass is tied to another string passing over a smooth pulley at
the edge
( )
of the table, and a body of mass m is hanged from the other end of the string, if the
motion of the system starts from rest and the magnitude of the tension in the string that connects
the two bodies on
( )
the table is 50 gm.wt, find the magnitude of the acceleration of the system and
the magnitude of the tension of the string, also find the value of m .
125
A
m g
A
C
m g
175
a
m
B
m g
B
1
T
C
a
1
T
2
T
2
T
2
T
Example (3)

Answer


Dynamic 3
rd
A body of mass 700 gm is placed on a smooth horizontal table and tied by a string passing over a
smooth pulley fixed at the edge of the table and holds at its end a body of mass 280 gm hangs
vertically
( )
from it, and it is connected by another string below it to hang another body of mass m
gm. , if the magnitude of the pressure on the pulley equals 300 2 gm.wt, then find the magnitude
of the acceleration
( )
of the system and the magnitude of the tension in both strings, also find m .
2
T
2
T
a
280
700
A
m g
C
m g
A
B
1
T
m
C
a
1
T
2
T
P
( )
( )
2 2 2
2 A
2
C 1 C
B 1 2 B
C B
Pressure on the pulley is P 2T 2T 300 2 T 300 gm.wt
To find the acceleration * Body at A: T m a
300 980 700 a a 420 cm/sec
* Body at C: m g T m a 1
* Body at B: m g T T m a 2
By adding: m g m
= = =
=
= =
=
+ =
+
( )
2 B C
C 1 C
1
1
g T m a m a
980m 280 980 300 980 280 420 420m
560m 137200 m 245
From 1 : m g T m a
245 980 T 245 420
T 137200 dyne 140 gm.wt
= +
+ = +
= =
=
=
= =
Example (4)

Answer


Dynamic 3
rd
T T
T
a
a
48
344
A
m g
B
m g
A
B
A & B are two bodies of masses 344 , 48 gm respectively, the body A is placed on a horizontal
table whose height is 60 cm at a distance 180 cm from the edge of the table, it is connected by
a light string of length 180 cm, while the body B is connected by the other end of the string that
is passing over a smooth pulley that is fixed at the edge of the table, if the body B is moved softly
so that it is dropped from the edge of the table, find the time taken to hit the ground, and the time
that the body A will take after that to reach the edge of the table
180 cm
60 cm
floor
( ) ( )
( )
B B A
B A B B A B
2
B
A B
m g 48 980
a a 120 cm / sec
m m 344 48
To find the time taken by B to hit the ground:
u 0
= =
= + = +
= = =
+ +
=
( )
( )
2 2
2
S 60 a 120
1 1
S ut at 60 120 t
2 2
120
t 1 t 1 sec
120
When body B reached the ground, body A have made a distance 60 cm, after that body A moves
uniformly a 0 , so we need to know
= =
= + =
= = =
=
( )
the final velocity done.
So, V u at 120 1 120 cm / sec
u 120 a 0 S 180 60 120 cm
S ut 120 120t t 1 sec
= + = =
= = = =
= = =
Example (5)

Answer

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


Dynamic 3
rd
( )
( )
( )
( )
B 2 B
2 1 A
1 C
B B A C
B A B C
B
A B C
Before cutting: to find the acceleration * Body at B: m g T m a 1
m g a m m m
m g
a
m m m
100 980
a
100 1300 6
=
=
=
= + +
= + +
=
+ +
=
+ +
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2
1 C 1
2 1 A 2 2
49 cm/sec
00
From 3 : T m a T 1300 49 63700 dyne 65 gm.wt
Substitute in 2 : T T m a T 63700 600 49 T 93100 dyne 95 gm.wt
=
= = = =
= = = =
After cutting the string connected between AC, there are two parts separated fro
( )
st
First : we have to find the final velocity just before cutting:
u 0 a 49 t 2 V u at 49 2 98 cm / sec
1 part 2
= = = = + = =
m each other
nd
part
Two bodies of masses 1300 gm and 600 gm are placed on a smooth horizontal plane and
connected together by a tight string of length 50 cm, the body of mass 600 gm is then tied by
another string on the same level of the first and passing over a smooth pulley fixed at the edge
of the plane that is near to the second mass, and another body of mass 100 gm is hanged to the
other end of the string, find the magnitude of the acceleration of the system and the magnitude of
the tension in each of the two strings. And if the string that connects the first two bodies is cut
after two seconds from the begining of the motion, what is the distance between the two bodies
after 1 second from cutting the string.
1300
A
600
a
100
B
m g
B
1
T
C
a
1
T
2
T
2
T
2
T
50 cm
600 g
A
600
a
100
B
m g
B
a
T
( )
( )
( ) ( )( )
B B
A
2
B
A B
2
2
Body B is moving under
the action of new acceleration
* Body at B: m g T m a' 1
* Body at A: T m a' 2
m g 100 980
By adding: a' 140 cm / sec
m m 100 600
u 98 a' 140 t 1
1 1
S ut a' t 98 1 140 1 168 cm
2 2
=
=
= = =
+ +
= = =
= + = + =
1300
C
( )
( )
2
Body C is moving with a
uniform motion as T a 0
u 98 a 0 t 1
1
S ut at 98 1 98cm
2
= =
= = =
= + = =
T
T
Then the distance between the two parts is 168- 98+50=120cm
A
m g m g
c
Example (6)

Answer


Dynamic 3
rd
( )
( )
( )
B 2 B
2 1 A
1 C C
B C B A
Before cutting: to find the acceleration
=
=
=
= +
( )
( )
C
B C A B C
B C
A B C
2
a m a
m g m g a m m m
m g m g
a
m m m
250 980 150 980
a 140 cm/sec then our assumption is true
150 300 250
+
= + +
=
+ +

= =
+ +
After cutting the string connected between AB,
The bodies separated and new
( )
( )
( )
C C
A
C A C
u 0 a 140 t 3 V u at 140 3 420 cm / sec
* Body at C: T m g m a' 1
* Body at A: -T m a' 2
- m
By adding: - m g m a' m a' a'
= = = = + = =
=
=
= + =
acceleration appears
( )
( )
C
A C
2
2
2 2
g
m m
-150 980 -980
a' cm/sec The bodies change their directions
150 300 3
-980
u 420 a' V 0
3
-980 1960
So, V u 2a' S 0 420 2 S S 176400 S 2
3 3
+
= =
+
= = =
| |
= + = + = =
|
\ .
70 cm
A body of mass 300 gm is placed on a smooth horizontal table and connected by two light strings
each of them is passing over a smooth pulley where the two pulleys are fixed at the table's
opposite edges, so that the two pulleys on the table are collinear, the first string holds a body of
mass 250 gm and the second string holds a body of mass 150 gm and both bodies are hanged
vertically, find the magnitude of the common acceleration of the system, and if the string which
holds the greatest mass is cut after 3 seconds from the begining of the motion, prove that the rest
of the system will move a distance of 270 cm before it comes to rest instantaneously.
1
T
250
300
A
B
150
a
C
1
T
1
T
2
T
2
T
2
T
a a
A
T
150 C
150 g
a
a
a
a
A
m g
m g
c
B
m g
Example (7)

Answer

300
300 g
T T


Dynamic 3
rd
( )
( )
( )
B 2 B
2 1 A
1 C C
B C B A
=
=
=
= +
( )
( )
C
B C A B C
B C
A B C
2
a m a
m g m g a m m m
m g m g
a
m m m
400 980 200 980
a 140 cm/sec
800 200 400
then our assumption is true
+
= + +
=
+ +

= =
+ +
After cutting the string connected between AB,
The bodies separated an
( )
( )
( )
C C
A
C A C
u 0 a 140 t 1 V u at 140 1 140 cm / sec
* Body at C: T m g m a' 1
* Body at A: -T m a' 2
By adding: - m g m a' m a'
= = = = + = =
=
=
= +
d new acceleration appears
( )
( ) ( )
( )
C
A C
2
2
- m g
a'
m m
-200 980
a' -196 cm/sec The bodies change their directions
200 800
u 140 a' -196 S 70 80 -150 opposite direction
1
So, S ut a' t -150 140 t 2 -
2
=
+
= =
+
= = = + =
= + = +
( )
2 2
15
196 t 98t 140t 150 0 t sec
7
15 1
Then the total time done from cutting the string is 1 3 sec.
7 7
= =
+ =
A body of mass 800 gm is placed on a smooth horizontal plane and is tied to two threads, the first
passes over a smooth pulley at the edge of the table 150 cm from the body, and a body of mass
400 gm hangs vertically downwards, the second string passes over a smooth pulley at the opposite
edge of the table 80 cm from the body and hangs vertically a body of mass 200 gm, the two pulleys
and the body between them are collinear and the system starts its motion from rest for one second
then the string that holds the 400 gm mass is cut, calculate when the 800 gm mass will arrive to
the edge of the table.
1
T
400
800
A
m g
A
B
200
a
C
1
T
1
T
2
T
2
T
2
T
a a
m g
c
B
m g
A
T
200 C
200 g
a
a
a
a
Example (8)

Answer

800
800 g
T T


Dynamic 3
rd
A body of mass 90 kg is placed on a rough horizontal table far from the table's edge 80 cm, it is
then tied to a string passing over a smooth pulley that's fixed at the edge of the table, and hangs
vertically from the other end of the string a body of mass 50 kg, if the magnitude of the resistances
1
to the motion of the body that's placed on the table equals of its weight, and the system starts
5
moti
1
on from rest, then the string is cut after a second from the begining of the motion. Find the
2
distance that the body on the table will move to come to rest from the begining of the motion.
T T
T
a
a
50
90
A
m g
B
m g
A
B
80 cm
floor
( )
F
B B
when we are dealing with rough planes, then we use either Resistance force or F R
1 1
First , we have to find the resistance: R W 90 980 17640 dyne
5 5
To find the acceleration * Body at B: m g T m a 1
*
=
= = =
=
Note
( )
A
B A B
2
B
A B
Body at A: T R m a 2
By adding: m g R m a m a
m g R 50 980 17640
a a 224 cm / sec
m m 90 50
Before cutting the string, we have to find the final velocity
u 0 a 224 t 0.5
So,
=
= +

= = =
+ +
= = =
( )
( )( ) ( )
2
2
2
A A
V u at 224 0.5 112 cm / sec
1 1
And S ut at 224 0.5 28 cm 1
2 2
After cutting the string, body A is moving under the action of resistance only
So, T R m a' - R m a' -17640 90a' a' -196 cm/sec
u 112 a' -196 V
= + = =
= + = =
= = = =
= = =
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2
2 2
0
V u 2a' S 0 112 2 -196 S S 32 cm 2
Then from 1 and 2 : the total distance is S 28 32 60 cm
= + = + =
= + =
R
Example (9)

Answer

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


Dynamic 3
rd
A body of mass 126 gm is placed on a rough horizontal table and it is connected by a horizontal
string passing over a smooth pulley fixed at the edge of the table, at the other end of the string a
body of mass 70 gm is hanged and at a height of 70 cm over the floor, if the coefficient of friction
1
is , find the magnitude of the acceleration of the system and the velocity when the mass hanged
3
arrives to the floor, then determine the distance that will be covered by the body on the table until
it stops.
T T
T
a
a
70
126
A
m g
B
m g
A
B
70 cm
floor
F
F
( )
F
F F
B B
1
F R , where R 126 980 123480 dyne F 123480 41160 dyne
3
To find the acceleration * Body at B: m g T m a 1
* Body a
=
= = = = =
=
Note
( )
F A
B F A B
2
B F
A B
2 2
t A: T F m a 2
By adding: m g F m a m a
m g F 70 980 41160
a a 140 cm / sec
m m 126 70
The final velocity of body B when reached the floor
u 0 a 140 S 70
So, V u 2aS
=
= +

= = =
+ +
= = =
= + =
( )( )
( )
F
F A F A
2 140 70 19600 V 140 cm / sec
The distance done by body A till it stops
When body B reached the ground, then body A moves under the action of resistance F only
980
So, T F m a' - F m a' -41160 126 a' a' -
3
= =
= = = =
( )
2
2
2 2
cm/sec
-980
u 140 a' V 0
3
-980
V u 2a' S 0 140 2 S S 30 cm
3
ThenThen the total distance is S 70 30 100 cm
= = =
| |
= + = + =
|
\ .
= + =
R
1
3
=
Example (10)

Answer

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


Dynamic 3
rd
A body of mass 500 gm is placed on a rough horizontal table and it is connected by a horizontal
string passing over a small smooth pulley fixed at the edge of the table, hanged at its other end a
scale pan of mass 80 gm, it is noticed that if we placed on the pan a body of mass 70 gm, the body
on the table is about to move. Find the coefficient of friction. And if we increase the mass of the
body on the pan to 120 gm, and the system moved with a uniform. Find the magnitude of the
system's velocity after 5 seconds from the begining of motion.
T T
T
a
a
80+70
500
A
m g
B
m g
A
B
floor
F
F
R
1
3
=
F
F
The body is about to move then the body is in equilibrium position a 0 and F R
where R 500 980 490000 dyne
* Body
=
= =
= =
Note
( )
( )
( )
B
F
B F
F
at B: m g T 0 1
* Body at A: T F 0 2
By adding: m g F 0
F 150 980 490000 147000
147000 3

490000 10
When increasing the mass on the pan to 120 gm
Then the body is moving with a uniform
=
=
=
= =
= =
( ) ( )
( )
B B F A
B F
B F A B
A B
2
acceleration
Then: * Body at B: m g T m a 3 * Body at A: T F m a 4
m g F
By adding: m g F m a m a a
m m
3
200 980 490000
10
a 70 cm / sec
500 120 80
To find the velocity
= =
= + =
+
(

(

= =
+ +
( )( )
of the system after 5 seconds
u 0 a 70 t 5
So, V u at 70 5 350 cm / sec
= = =
= + = =
Example (11)

Answer

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


Dynamic 3
rd
( )
( )
( )
( )
B 2 B
2 1 A
1 C
B B A C
B A B C
* Body at A: T T 30 980 m a 2
* Body at C: T 50 980 m a 3
By adding:
m g 30 980 50 980 m a m a m a
m g 78400 a m m m

=
=
=
= + +
= + +
( )
( )
B
A B C
2
B 2 B 2
1
m g 78400
a
m m m
120 980 78400 280
a cm/sec
120 90 210 3
280
From 1 : m g T m a T 120 980 120 106400 dyne
3
Then the pressure on the pulley before cutting is P 106400 2 dyne 4
=
+ +

= =
+ +
= = =
=
After cutting the strin
( )
280 280
u 0 a t 3 V u at 3 280 cm / sec
3 3
Body C is moving under
= = = = + = =
st
g connected between AC, there are two parts separated from each other
1 part
( )
( )
2
1 C
2
2 2
the action of resistance only as T 0
-700
T 50 980 m a' 0 49000 210a' a' cm / sec
3
-700
u 280 a' V 0
3
-700
V u 2a' S 0 280 2 S S 168cm
3
=
= = =
= = =
| |
= + = + =
|
\ .
Two bodies of masses 210 gm and 90 gm are connected by a light string and placed on a rough
horizontal plane, the mass 90 gm is tied with another light string passing over a smooth pulley at
the edge of the table and hangs from its free end a body of mass 120 gm. If the magnitude of the
resistances to the motion of the two bodies 210 gm and 90 gm equal 50 gm.wt and 30 gm.wt
respectively. The system started motion from rest then the string that connects the two bodies on
the table is cut after 3 seconds from the begining of the motion, find the distance that the 210 gm
mass covers after cutting the string to come to rest then prove that the ratio between the magnitude
of the pressure on the pulley before and after cutting the string equals 19:12.
210
A
m g
A
C
m g
90
a
120
B
m g
B
1
T
C
a
1
T
2
T
2
T
2
T
50 980
30 980
210
C
50 980
1
T
Example (12)

Answer


Dynamic 3
rd
A
m g
A
90
a
120
B
m g
B
a
T T
T
30 980
( )
( )
( )
B B
A
2
B
A B
B
Body B is moving under the action of resistance and new acceleration
* Body at B: m g T m a'' 5
* Body at A: T 30 980 m a'' 6
m g 120 980 30 980
By adding: a'' 420 cm / sec
m m 120 90
From 5 : m g T m
=
=

= = =
+ +
=
nd
2 part
( )
B
2
a'' T 120 980 120 420 67200 dyne
Then the pressure on the pulley after cutting the string is P 67200 2 dyne 7
Then the ratio between the pressures on the pulley before and after the cutting is:

= =
=
1
2
P 106400 2 19

P 12 67200 2
= =

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


Dynamic 3
rd
( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
B B
A A
B A A B
B A
A B
The acceleration of the system:
* Body at A: T m g Sin m a 2
By adding 1 , 2 : m g m g Sin a m m
m g m g Sin
a
m m
u
u
u
=
=
= +
=
+
a
m
b
m
u
u
A
m g Cosu
a
B
m g
A
m g
T
T
T
T
B
A
A
m g Sinu
( )
( )
A B
A B
If body of mass m moves up the plane, body of mass m will move vertically downwards a 0
and if body of mass m moves down the plane body of mass m
will move vertically upwards a 0 .
>
<
o
A B B B
The pressure on the pulley P 2T Cos 45
2
To get the vertical distance between the two bodies
S S S S S Cos
u
u
| |
=
|
\ .
= + = +
( )
o
90 u
( ) P the pressure on the
pulley bisects this angle
T
T
3
rd
application
Motion of a system of two bodies, one of them is moving on a smooth/rough inclined plane and
the other is hanged vertically.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


Dynamic 3
rd
600
380
u
u
A
m g Cosu
a
B
m g
A
m g
T
T
T
T
o
A body of mass 600 gm is placed on the surface of smooth plane inclined at angle of 30 to the
horizontal and is connected by a string passing over a small smooth pulley at the top of the plane
and a body of mass 380 gm is hanging vertically, if the string coincides on the line of the greatest
slope and the system starts motion from rest when the two bodies were on the same horizontal level
then find:
( )
( )
( )
a The magnitude of the acceleration of the system.
b The magnitude of the pressure on the pulley.
c The vertical distance between the two bodies after 2 seconds from the begining of the motion.
B
A
A
m g Sinu
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
B B A A
B A A B
B A
A B
o
2
A
* Body at B: m g T m a 1 * Body at A: T m g Sin m a 2
m g m g Sin
a
m m
380 980 600 980 Sin30
a 80 cm/sec
600 380
Then from 2 : T m g Sin
u
u
u
u
= =
= +
=
+

= =
+
( )
( )( )
A
o o
2
2
B
m a
T 600 980 0.5 600 80 T 342000 dyne
Then the pressure on the pulley: P 2T Cos 45 2 342000 Cos30 342000 3 dyne
2
The distance done by body B: u 0 a 80 t 2
1 1
S ut at 80 2 160 cm
2 2
The distance
u
=
= =
| |
= = =
|
\ .
= = =
= + = =
o
A B
done by body A: S S Sin 160Sin30 80cm
Then the vertical distance between the two bodies is 160 80 240 cm
u = = =
+ =
Example (1)

Answer

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

o
30


Dynamic 3
rd
630
350
u
u
A
m g Cosu
a
B
m g
A
m g
T
T
T
T
o
A body of mass 630 gm is placed on a smooth plane inclined to the horizontal at an angle 30 is
connected by a light string passes over a smooth pulley fixed at the top of the plane, while another
body of mass 350 gm is hanged vertically from other end of the string, find the magnitude of the
acceleration of the system and the magnitude of the tension in the string, and if the string is cut
after 2 seconds from starting motion, then find the magnitude of the velocity of the body on the
plane and its direction after 1 second from cutting the string, then calculate the distance that the
mass 630 gm will make before inverting its direction.
B
A
A
m g Sinu
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
B B A A
B A A B
B A
A B
o
2
A
m g m g Sin
a
m m
350 980 630 980 Sin30
a 35 cm/sec
630 350
Then from 2 : T m g Sin
u
u
u
u
= =
= +
=
+

= =
+
( )
A
A A
m a
T 630 980 0.5 630 35 T 330750 dyne 337.5 gm.wt
Before cutting the string: u 0 a 35 t 2
V u at 35 2 70 cm/sec
After cutting the string: Then new acceleration appears and T 0
- m g Sin m a u
=
= = =
= = =
= + = =
=
=
( )
o 2
' a' - g Sin -980Sin30 -490 cm/sec
To find the velocity after 1 second:
u 70 a -490 t 1 V u at V 70 490 1 -420 cm/sec
The word "before inverting its direction" means that the body comes to res
u = = =
= = = = + = =
( ) ( )
2
2 2
t then chages its
direction, so to get the distance of the body at this instant:
u 70 a -490 V 0
V u 2aS 0 70 2 490 S S 5 cm
= = =
= + = =
Example (2)

Answer

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

o
30


Dynamic 3
rd
3
4
u
u
A
m g Cosu
a
B
m g
A
m g
T
T
T
T
A body of mass 3 kg is placed on the surface of a smooth inclined plane of 210 cm length and
height of 140 cm, and this body is connected to another body of mass 4 kg by a string of length
210 cm coincides on the line of the greatest slope, the second body is hanged vertically at the
top edge of the plane, if the system starts motion from rest till the biggest mass arrived to the
ground and comes to rest, find the distance that the small mass move on the plane before it stops
B
A
A
m g Sinu
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
B B A A
B A A B
2
B A
A B
2
4 9.8 3 9.8
m g m g Sin
3
a a 2.8 m/sec
m m 3 4
When body B reached the ground, body A made a
distance S
u
u
u
= =
= +

= = =
+ +
( )( )
( )
2 2
A A
1.4 m
u 0 S 1.4 a 2.8
V u 2aS 2 2.8 1.4 7.84 V 2.8 m / sec
After body B reached the ground, the string relaxed T 0 , so new acceleration appeared
2 98
- m g Sin m a' a' - g Sin -9.8 -
3
u u
=
= = =
= + = = =
=
= = = =
( )
2
2
2 2
m/sec
15
To find the distance of A after relaxing the string till it stops:
98
u 2.8 a - V 0
15
98
V u 2aS 0 2.8 2 S S 0.6 m
15
Then the total distance done by body A is
= = =
| |
= + = =
|
\ .
1.4 0.6 2 m + =
2.1 m
1.4 m
1.4 2
Sin = =
2.1 3
Example (3)

Answer

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


Dynamic 3
rd
u
Two bodies of masses 175, 105 gm are connected to the two ends of a string placed on the surface
1
of a smooth plane inclined to the horizontal by angle whose Sin , the body 105 gm is tied by
7
another st
=
ring passing over a snooth pulley fixed at the top of the plane, and another body of mass
70 gm is hanged vertically from the other end of the second string, if the motion of the system starts
from rest
( )
( )
( )
, find: a The magnitude of the accelerration of the system.
b The magnitude of the tension in each string.
c If the string connecting the two bodies on the plane is cut after 2 seconds from the begining of
1
the motion, find the velocity of the three bodies after second from the moment of cutting.
2
u
A
m g Cosu
A
m g
u
C
m g Cosu
C
m g
u
Example (4)

Answer

70
a
B
m g
2
T
B
A
C
m g Sinu
2
T
175
105
2
T
2
T
1
T
1
T
A
m g Sinu
C
( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
B B
A A
B A A B
B A
A B
2
1
70 980 105 980
m g m g Sin
7
a
m m 70 105
1
a 308 cm/sec u 168 t
2
1
V u at 168 308 322 cm/sec
2
u
u
u
=
=
= +

= =
+ +
= = =
= + = + =
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
B 2 B
2 1 A A
1 C C
B A C A B C
B A C
A B C
* Body at A: T T m g Sin m a 2
* Body at C: T m g Sin m a 3
By adding 1 , 2 , 3 :
m g m g Sin m g Sin a m m m
m g m g Sin m g Sin
a
m m m
1
70 980 105 980 175 9
7
a
u
u
u u
u u
=
=
=
= + +

=
+ +

=
( )
( )
2
B 2 B 2 2
1 1
1
80
7
84 cm/sec
70 105 175
Then from 1 : m g T m a 70 980 T 70 84 T 62720 dyne 64 gm.wt
1
Then from 3 : T 175 980 175 84 T 39200 dyne 40 gm.wt
7
Before cutting the string: u 0 a 84 t 2 V u at 84
=
+ +
= = = =
= = =
= = = = + =
( )
( )
1 C C
2
2 168 cm/sec
After cutting the string connecting AC, two parts are separated:
Body C : T 0 - m g Sin m a'
1
a' - g Sin -980 -140 cm/sec
7
1
u 168 a' -140 t
2
1
V u at 168 140 98 cm/sec
2
u
u
=
= =
= = =
= = =
= + = =


Dynamic 3
rd
m
140
u
u
A
m g Cosu
a
B
m g
A
m g
T
T
T
T
( )
A body of mass m gm placed on a smooth plane inclined at angle to the horizontal and is
connected by a light string passing over a smooth pulley fixed at the top of the plane whose other
end hangs a b
u
( )
ody of mass 140 gm, if the system starts motion from rest and covered a distance of
140 cm in two seconds, find the mass m and the value of given that the magnitude of the
pressure on the pulley is 15
u
0 3 gm.wt and the system starts motion downwards.
B
A
A
m g Sinu
( )
( )
( )
2
2 2
B B
o
o o
u 0 S 140 t 2
1 1
S ut at 140 2 a a 70 cm/sec
2 2
* Body at B: T m g m a 1
T 140 70 140 980 147000 dyne 150 gm.wt
The pressure on the pulley
P 2T Cos 45 150 3
2
2 150 Cos 45 150 3 Cos 45
2
u
u u
= = =
= + = =
=
= + = =
| |
= =
|
\ .
| |
=
|
\ .
o 1 o
o o o o
o
A A
3 3
45 Cos 30
2 2 2 2
45 30 15 30
2
* Body at A: m g Sin T m a 980mSin30 147000 70m
490m 70m 147000 420m 147000 m 350 gm
u
u
u
u
| |
= = =
|
\ .
= = =
= =
= = =
Example (5)

Answer

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


Dynamic 3
rd
1
m
190
u
u
A
m g Cosu
a
B
m g
A
m g
T
T
T
T
( )
o
1
A body of mass m gm is placed on a smooth plane inclined at an angle of 30 to the horizontal
and is connected by a light string passing over a smooth pulley fixed at the top of the plane, while
the ot
( )
2
her end of the string holds a scale pan of mass 190 gm placed on it a body of mass m gm
If the system starts motion from rest, so that the body which moves upwards the plane cuts a
distance of 490 cm i
( ) ( )
1 2
n 2 seconds while the magnitude of the pressure of the body on the pan is 225
gm.wt, find the value of m and m .
B
A
A
m g Sinu
2
m
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )( )
2
2 2
2 2 2
2 2
1
B B
u 0 S 490 t 2
1 1
S ut at 490 2 a a 245 cm/sec
2 2
The pressure on the Pan
m g T m a T m g a
225 980 m 980 245 m 300 gm
To find the magnitude of m
* Body at B: m g T m a
300 190 980 T 300 190 245 T
= = =
= + = =
= =
= =
=
+ = +
o
A A 1 1
1 1
360150 dyne 367.5 gm.wt
* Body at A: T m g Sin m a 360150 980m Sin30 245m
735m 360150 m 490 gm
u
= =
= =
= =
Example (6)

Answer

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

o
30


Dynamic 3
rd
u
o
Two inclined smooth planes equal in height, one of them is inclined to the horizontal at an angle
3
whose Sin is , and the other plane is inclined at an angle 30 and fixed at its top a small smooth
7
pulley, a body of mass 140 gm is placed on the first plane and a body of mass 210 gm on the second
plane, if the two bodies are connected by a light string passing over a smooth pulley and the system
starts motion from rest, then the string is cut after 5 seconds from the start of the motion, find the
velocity of the second mass when the first mass rests instanteously.
u
2 10
7
3
Example (7)

Answer

140
u
A
m g Cosu
a
B
m g
A
m g
T
B
A
u
o
30
o
30
A
m gCos 30
B
m g Sin30
A
m g Sinu
T
T
T
a
210
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
o
B B
A A
o
B A A B
o
B A
A B
2
* Body at B: m g Sin30 T m a 1
By adding 1 , 2 :
m g Sin30 m g Sin a m m
m g Sin30 m g Sin
a
m m
3
210 980 0.5 140 980
7
a 126 cm/sec
140 210
Before cutting the string:
u
u
u
=
=
= +
=
+

= =
+
2
A A
u 0 a 126 t 5
V u at 126 5 630 cm/sec
After cutting the string: The two bodies are separated and new acceleration appears
3
* Body at A: - m g Sin m a' a' - g Sin -980 -420 cm/sec
7
u 630 a -
u u
= = =
= + = =
= = = =
= =
( )
o o 2
B B
420 V 0 V u at 0 630 420t t 1.5 sec
* Body at B: m g Sin30 m a' a' g Sin30 980 0.5 490 cm/sec
u 630 a 490 t 1.5
V u at V 630 490 1.5 V 1365 cm / sec
= = + = =
= = = =
= = =
= + = + =


Dynamic 3
rd
u
4
5
3
250
150
u
u
A
m g Cosu
a
F
F
B
m g
A
m g
T
T
T
T
A body of mass 250 gm rests on a rough plane inclined to the horizontal by an angle whose tangent
4
is , the body is connected by a string passes over a smooth pulley fixed at the top of the plane,
3
another weight is hanged at the other end of the string, if the least value of that weight hanged at
this end that is necessary to keep the body in state of equilibrium on the plane equals 150 gm.wt.
Prove
1
that the coefficient of friction is . And if the hanged weight equals 350 gm.wt, find the
3
acceleration of motion of the system then.
B
A
A
m g Sinu
250
150
u
u
A
m g Cosu
a
F
F
B
m g
A
m g
T
T
T
T
B
A
A
m g Sinu
Example (8)

Answer

( )
( )
( )
B
F A
A
Note : 1 Least weight means that the movement is down
2 Equilibrium state means that a 0
* Body at B: T m g 0 1
* Body at A: F R , where R m gCos
3
R 250 980 147000 dyne
5
Also m g Si
u
=
=
= =
= =
( )
( ) ( )
F
A F B
F
F
n F T 0 2
By adding 1 , 2 : m g Sin F m g 0
4
F 250 980 150 980 49000 dyne
5
49000 1
F R 49000 147000
147000 3
And t
u
u

=
=
= =
= = = =
When the weight of the body increased to be 350 gm.wt, then acceleration appeared
( )
( )
( )
B B
A F A
B A F A B
B A F
A B
he direction of movement changed to upward
* Body at A: T m g Sin F m a 2
By adding: m g m g Sin F a m m
m g m g Sin F
a
m m
4
350 980 250 980 49000
4
5
a
250 350
u
u
u
=
=
= +

=
+

= =
+
2
90
cm/sec
3


Dynamic 3
rd
u
4
5
3
28
42
u
u
A
m g Cosu
a
F
F
B
m g
A
m g
T
T
T
T
4
A body of mass 28 kg is placed on a rough plane inclined to the horizontal at an angle of Sin , it
5
is connected to a string passes over a smooth pulley fixed at the top of the plane, another body of
mass 42 kg is hanged vertically at the other end of the string, if the system starts motion from rest,
and the magnitudes of the resistances to the motion of the body on the plane equal 9.6 kg.wt, the
string between the two bodies is cut after 2 seconds from the begining of the motion, find the
distance covered by the body placed on the plane to come to instantaneous rest.
B
A
( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
B B
F
A F A
B A F A B
B A F
A B
2
* Body at A: F 9.6 9.8 94.08 Newton
Also T m g Sin F m a 2
By adding 1 , 2 : m g m g Sin F a m m
m g m g Sin F
a
m m
4
42 9.8 28 9.8 94.08
5
a 1.4 m/sec
42 28
Before
u
u
u
=
= =
=
= +

=
+

= =
+
( )( )
( )
2
2
A F A
cutting the string: u 0 a 1.4 t 2
V u at 1.4 2 2.8 m/sec
1 1
and S ut at 1.4 2 2.8 m
2 2
4
- m g Sin F m a' - 28 9.8 94.08 28
5
u
= = =
= + = =
= + = =
=
= =
( ) ( )
2
2 2
2
a' a' -11.2 m/sec
u 2.8 a -11.2 V 0 V u 2aS
0 2.8 2 11.2 S S 0.35 m
Then the total distance done by body A is 2.8 0.35 3.15 m
=
= = = = +
= =
+ =
A
m g Sinu
Example (9)

Answer


Dynamic 3
rd
o
1
An inclined rough plane of coefficient of friction is inclined to the horizontal at an angle of
2 3
1
measure 30 is connected at its top with a rough horizontal plane of coefficient of friction . A
4
body of mass 60 gm is placed on the horizontal plane and is tied by one end of a thin string passes
over a smooth pulley at the edge of connecting the two planes, and the other end of the string is
attached to a body of mass 100 gm that is placed on the inclined plane. If each of the two branches
of the string is perpendicular to the line of intersection of the two planes, find the acceleration of
the system. And if the string is cut after 4 seconds from starting the motion, find the total distance
the mass of 60 gm will move till it comes to rest.
o
30
1
4
=
1
2 3
=
T T
T
T
60
100
A
B
B
m g
o
A
m g Cos 30
o
A
m g Sin30
2
F
F
a
1
F
F
1
R
2
R
( )
( )
( )
1
1
2
2
F 1 1 1 B
F A
F 2 2
o
2 B
2
o
B F B
* Body at A: F R where R m g 60 980 58800 dyne
T F m a 1
* Body at B: F R
3
where R m gCos30 100 980
2
Then R 49000 3 dyne
Also m g Sin30 T F m a 2
By adding 1 ,
= = = =
=
=
= =
=
=
( ) ( )
( )
( )
1 2
1 2
o
B F F o
B F F A B
A B
2
2
m g Sin30 F F
2 : m g Sin30 F F a m m a
m m
1 1
100 980 0.5 58800 49000 3
245
4 2 3
a cm/sec
100 60 4
245
Before cutting the string: u 0 a t 4
4
245 1 1 2
V u at 4 245 cm/sec and S ut at
4 2 2

= + =
+

= =
+
= = =
= + = = = + =
( )
( )
( ) ( )
1
2
2
F A
2 2
2
45
4 490 cm
4
1
- 58800
4
- F m a' a' -245 cm/sec
60
u 245 a -245 V 0 V u 2aS
0 245 2 245 S S 122.5 cm
Then the total dista
| |
=
|
\ .
=
= = =
= = = = +
= =
nce done by body A is 490 122.5 612.5 cm + =
Example (10)

Answer


Dynamic 3
rd
.

( )
( )
( )
2 1
2 1
2 1 2 1
2 1
2 1
V V
H H I
change in momentum : H H m V V I m
t t t
H H I
And F F I F t
t t
from what we have proved above : I m V V F t
= = = =
= = =
= =
Proofof the rule
If a constant force acts on a particle for an interval of time , then the change in the momentum
during the interval is equal to the impulse of the forces and is denoted by I : I =F t
( )
( )
( )
( )
2 1
2 1
dH
when the motion is horizontal resistance is neglectd
t dt
dH
when the motion is horizontal resistance exists
t dt
m V V
F ma
m V V
F R ma
I
t
I
t
=
=
= = =
= = =
ball
R F mg = +
( )
( )
: 1 when a ball is projected to the ground surface, then its
pressure on the floor is R F mg
2 when a ball is projected
= +
Special case downward
upwar to ceilling,
then its pressure on the ceilling is R F mg
: we use this special case when the problem
mentioned the pressu
=
d
I mportant note only
re or reaction of the body
ball
R F mg =

(a) I mpulse
Definition of Impulse

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

From all the definitions of forces we have taken till now , we can get the following relation:

I mpulse and Collision

I
F T
( )
t F
Impact : the force F acting on an object usually when it hits something.
Or so there is a difference between Impact and Impulse Impulse may be I I F t = =


Dynamic 3
rd
nd
, so let the positive direction be
always in the direction of the 2 velocity
Important note : the magnitude of impact must be positive
( ) ( )
nd
1 2
2 1
let the positive direction be in the direction of the 2 velocity
5
V 7.3 m / sec V 9km / hr 9 2.5 m / sec
18
1
I m V V 2.5 7.3 4.9 Newton.sec
2
490
I Ft 4.9 F 0.01 F 490 Newton F 50 kg.wt
9.8
= = = =
= = + =
= = = = = .
The unit of measurement :

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (1)
1
A smooth sphere of mass kg moves horizontally with velocity 7.3 m / sec, this sphere impinges
2
with a smooth vertical wall and rebounds after impact with velocity 9 km / h .
Find the magnitude of the impulse of the wall on the sphere . If the time of contact is 0.01 sec .
Then find the average force with which the ball acts on the wall .

Answer

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (2)
An airplane throws out fuel with velocity 6300 km / hr at rate of 3.5 kg / sec find in unit of
kg.wt the impulsive force by which airplane moves.

Answer
( )
( )
2 1
5
here the mass is 3.5 kg per each second V 6300 1750 m / sec
18
m V V 3.5
F F 1750 0 6125 Newton 625 kg.wt
T 1
= =
= = = =

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

( )
2 1

=
= =
Newton second kg.m/ sec
I F t m V V
Dyne seco = nd gm.cm/ sec
V
2
V
I
ve +


Dynamic 3
rd
( )
( )
( )
( )( )
2
2 2 2
1 1
2
1 1
2
2
We calculate the velocity of the sphere before impact V :
V U 2gS V 8.4 2 9.8 1.1
V 49 V 7 m / sec.
We calculate the velocity of the sphere after impact u
1
S Ut gt 2.725 0.5u 0.5 9.8 0.5
2
0.5u
= =
= =
= + = +
( ) ( )
( )
2 1
upwards
1.5 u 3 m / sec.
m V V 0.03 3 7 I
F F 3 Newton
1
T T
10
And R F mg 3 0.03 9.8 2.706 Newton
= =
+
= = = =
= = =
ve +
1.1 m
u 8.4 =
t 0.5sec =
floor
V ?? =
u ??? =
2.725 m
( )
( )
( ) ( )
2 2 2
1 1
2
1 1
2 1 2
V U 2gS V 0 2 9.8 6.4
14 8
V V 11.2 m / sec.
10
We calculate the velocity of the sphere after impact u
m V V 0.05 V 11.2
I
F 1.05 9.8
1
T T
= + = +
= =
+
= = =
( )
( )
2 2 2
2
2
max
10
1.029
0.05 V 11.2 1.029 V 11.2 20.58 V u 20.58 11.2 9.38 m / sec
0.05
9.38 u
To find the maximum height : S 4.489 m
2g 2 9.8
+ = + = = = = =
= = =
ve +
6.4 m
1
v
v 0 =
u ?? =
u Not the same as V
the direction changed
=
u 0 =
max
S
A smooth ball of mass 30 gm is projected vertically upwards with velocity of magnitude 840 cm/sec
from a point at a distance 110 cm below the ceilling of a room. It collides with the ceilling and
rebounds to the floor of the room during half of a second after the collison, find the magnitude of
the total on the ceilling given that the height of the room equals 272.5 cm and the time of
collisi
pressure
1
on is sec
10
Example (3)
A sphere of mass 50 gm falls from height of 6.4 meters above the surface of a horizontal ground
and it rebounds vertically upwards, given that the force of the ball on the ground is 1.05 kg.wt
and the time of contact with the ground is
1
10
sec, find the maximum height which the ball
attained after collision .
Answer

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (4)

Answer


Dynamic 3
rd
u
1
A smooth ball of mass 700 gm is placed at the top of a smooth plane inclined at an angle of Sin
5
to the horizontal, the ball is left to descend from rest along the line of the greatest slope, after
descending a distance 2 meters, it collides with a barrier fixed to the plane in a position
perpendicular to the line of motion of the ball, after collision the ball rebounded a distance
50 cm along the line of the greatest slope upwards before it comes to rest. Find the total pressure
1
of the ball on the barrier given that the time of contact of the ball with the barrier is sec.
20
( )
2
2 2 2
we have to get acceleration :
1
so a g Sin 9.8 1.96 m / sec
5
V ??? S 2 u 0 a 1.96
V U 2aS V 2 1.96 2 7.84
V 2.8 m / sec.
We calculate the velo
u
| |
= = =
|
\ .
= = = =
= + = =
=
( )
( ) ( )
2
2 2 2
2 1
city of the sphere after impact u
1
we have to get acceleration : so a -g Sin -9.8 -1.96 m / sec
5
u ??? S 0.5 V 0 a -1.96
V U 2aS 0 u 2 1.96 0.5
u 1.4 m / sec.
I m V V 0.7 1.4 2.8 2.94 Newton.sec
And
u
| |
= = =
|
\ .
= = = =
= + =
=
= = + =
( )( ) ( )
I
P F mg Sin where F 2.94 20 58.8 Newton
T
1
P 58.8 0.7 9.8 60.172 Newton 9.8 6.14 kg.wt
5
u = + = = =
| |
= + = =
|
\ .
Example (5)

Answer

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

mg Sinu
0.5 m
u 0 =
2 m
v ?? =


Dynamic 3
rd
1
M
1
V
( )
( )
Very important notes :
1 The Impulse of the first ball on the second is equal to the change of momentum of the second ball.
2 The Impulse of the second ball on the first is equal to the change of momentum o
( )
( ) ( )
2 1
f the first ball.
3 Take care of the direction of the velocities, so let the direction be
4 we use the law of impulse : I F t m V V to know what happened to a single body
due to impact But

= =
( )
1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2
we use the law of collision : m V m V m V ' m V ' to know what
happened to the two bodies or more due to impact
+ = +

1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2
m V m V m V ' m V ' + = +
' '
'
after collision
after collision before collision =
( )
1 1 2 2 1 2
m V m V V' m m + = +
after collision before collision =
(b) Collision
If two spheres move on one straight line and their velocity
vectors are parallel to their line of centers and they collide , then
this kind of collide is called the direction impact .
Theorem
I f two spheres collide with each other, then the sum of their momentum before impact is
equal to the sum of their momentum after impact

Some types of collisions:
(1) Elastic collision : bodies are separated from each other after collision with different
velocities

Or

(2) I nelastic collision : after collision, bodies are moving with common velocities

2
M
2
V
Rule of Collision

Here the Rule of Collision


Dynamic 3
rd
( )
( )
1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2
1
1
Let the direction be
The sum of the momentum before impact The sum of the momentum after impact
For momentum : m V m V m V ' m V '
40 9 120 -6 40 V ' 120 3
V ' -18m / sec
Then the velocity of t

=
+ = +
+ = +
=
( )
( ) ( )
1 1 1
he first sphere after collision is
18 m/s in the opposite direction as the first
ii The Impulse of the first ball on the second is equal to the change of momentum of the
second ball I m V ' V = + =
( )
0.04 18 9 1.08 Newton.sec
I
F 1.08 18 19.44 Newton
T
+ =
= = =
( )
1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2
2
2 2
The sum of the momentum before impact The sum of the momentum after impact
5 11 8 5 5 7 8V '
8V ' 55 40 35 60 V ' 7.5 m / sec
Then the ve

=
+ = +
+ = +
= + = =
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
locity of the second sphere is in the same as the first
ii The Impulse of the first ball on the second
is equal to the change of momentum of the second ball
I m V ' V 8 7.5 5 20 kg.m / sec Or 20 N = = = ewton sec.
Example (1)
Two smooth spheres of masses 5 kg and 8 kg are moving on a horizontal ground in the same
straight line, if the velocity of the first is 11 m/sec and the second is 5 m/sec and in the same
direction as the first. The two spheres collide and the velocity of the first after impact is 7 m/sec
in the same direction . find : (i) The velocity of the second after impact .
(ii) The magnitude of the impulse of the first on the second .
Answer

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (2)
Two smooth spheres of mass 40 gm. and 120 gm are moving on a smooth horizontal surface in
an opposite direction . the velocity of the first is 9 m/sec and the second is 6 m/sec. the two
spheres collide and the second sphere rebounds after impact with velocity 3m/sec. find :
(i) The velocity of the first sphere after impact.
(ii) The averaged force, which the second sphere acts on the first , knowing that the time
during which they are in contact is
1
18
second.
Answer

before impact :
1
11 v =
5 kg
1
7 v ' =
2
? v ' =
I I
8 kg
2
5 v =
After impact :
before impact :
1
9 v =
40 gm
1
?? v' =
2
3 v' =
I
I
120 gm
2
6 v =
After impact :


Dynamic 3
rd
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
3
1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2
2
2
I m V ' V 15 10 500 V ' 20 30 V ' 20 V ' 50 cm / sec
which is in the same direction before impact
500 50 200V ' 500 20 200 50
200V ' -
= = = =

+ = +
+ = +
=
2
5000 V ' -25 cm / sec
the second sphere moves after impact with velocity 25 cm/sec in the opposite direction of its
motion before impact.
=
( ) ( )
( )
1 1 2 2 1 2
2
2 2
For momentum : m V m V V' m m
70 30 210 0 V' 70 210 280 V' 2100
V' 7.5cm / sec in the same direction before impact
15 15
V U 2aS 0 2a
2 7
105 -
a - cm / sec - R ma 280
8

+ = +
+ = + =
=
| |
= + = +
|
\ .
= = =
( ) ( )
105
dyne
8
R the resistance of the table 3675 dyne 980 3.75 gm.wt = =
Example (3)
Two smooth spheres are projected on a smooth horizontal plane such that they move in the
same straight line and in the same direction. If the front sphere has a mass of 500 gm. and
velocity 20 cm/sec. and the back sphere has a mass of 200 gm and velocity 50 cm/sec, and the
impulse of the back sphere to the front one due to impact equals
3
15 10 dyne. Sec. Find the
magnitude and the direction of the velocity of each sphere just after impact.
Answer

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (4)
A smooth sphere of mass 70 gm moves in a straight line on a horizontal plane with velocity
30 cm/sec collides with another sphere being at rest and of mass 210 gm. and lying on the same
straight line and they move after impact as one body. Find their common velocity , and give
that this body covers a distance of 2
1
7
cm till it stops, find the resistance of the plane to the
motion of the body.
Answer

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

before impact :
1
30 v =
70 gm
v'
I I
210 gm
2
0 v =
After impact :
v'
before impact :
2
50 v =
200 gm
1
?? v' = 2
?? v' =
I I
500 gm
1
20 v =
After impact :


Dynamic 3
rd
( ) ( ) ( )
1 1 2 2 1 2
12 1 2 12 12
12 12
3 3
12
For momentum : m V m V V' m m 8 6 4 3 V' 8 4
12 V' 60 V' 5m / sec
Let m m m and v is the velocity of the body m
m 8 4 12kg V 5m / sec
m 3kg V 0
m V

+ = + + = +
= =
= +
= + = =
= =
( )
( ) ( )
12 3 3 12 12 3 3
3
3 3
3 3 3
m V m V '' m V ''
12 5 3 0 12 -4 3V ''
3V '' 108 V '' 36 m / sec
The impulse of the third sphere is :
I m V ' V 3 36 108 Newton.sec
+ = +
+ = +
= =
= = =
( )
( )
1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2
1 1
A
A
A A C C A C
10 200 4 800 -10V ' 4 100 V ' 160 cm / sec
1
So sphere A after sec : V u gt
7
1
V 160 980 20 cm / sec
7
m V m V V'' m m
-10 20 100 13 V'' 10 100 V'' 10 cm / sec dow
+ = +
= + =
=
| |
= =
|
\ .
+ = +
+ = + = nwards
A body A of mass 10 gm moves vertically downwards, it collides with another body B of mass 4 gm
moving vertically upwards when the velocity of A was 200 cm/sec and the velocity of B is 800 cm/sec
After impact, the body B rebounded vertically downwards with velocity 100 cm/sec, while A
1
rebounded vertically upwards, and after sec, the body A collided with a third body C of mass
7
100 gm moving vertically downwards with velocity 13 cm/sec, and they form one body, find the
magnitude and the direction of their common velocity after impact.
Example (5)
Two smooth spheres of masses 8 and 4 kg move in the same straight line and in the same
direction. The first moves with velocity 6 m /sec. and the second with velocity 3 m/sec. the
faster sphere catches the slower one and collides with it and moves together as one body , then
they collide with a third sphere at rest and of mass 3 kg then the body rebounded with velocity
4 m/sec , find the velocity of the third sphere after collision and the impulse acting on it.
Answer

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (6)

Answer

before impact :
1
6 v =
8 kg
v'
I I
4kg
After impact :
v'
before impact :
12
5 v =
8 kg
12
'' 4 v =
I I
3kg
3
0 v =
After impact :
3
'' v
4
2
3 v =
1
200 v =
4 gm 2
' 100 v =
10 gm
1
' v
A
B
2
800 v =
'' v
10 gm
100 gm
C
A
13
C
v =
20
A
v =
'' v


Dynamic 3
rd
( )
( )
( )
st
2
A
Let the time taken by the second body to reach the first be t seconds from its projection instant
The time taken by the 1 body is t 1 seconds
for sphere A u 11.9 m/s T t 1
1
S ut gt 11.9 t 1
2
+
= = +
= = +
( )
( ) ( )
2
2
A
2 2 2
B
1 2
1 2
4.9 t 1
S 11.9t 11.9 4.9t 9.8t 4.9
for sphere B u 16.1 m/s T t
1 1
S ut gt 16.1t 9.8 t 16.1t 4.9t 1
2 2
And S S 0 "No distance mentioned"
1
S S t seconds is the time they collide
2
This
+
= +
= =
= = =
=
= =
( )( ) ( )
A
1 1
means that the time of second body seconds and the time of first body 1 seconds
2 2
Velocity of sphere A before impact : u 11.9 m / sec t 1.5 sec
V U gt 11.9 9.8 1.5 -2.8 m/s downward
Velocity of sphere
= =
= =
= = =
( )( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
B
1 1 2 2 1 2
B before impact : u 16.1 m / sec t 0.5 sec
V 16.1 9.8 0.5 11.2 m/s upward
After impact, both spheres have common velocity mV m V m m V'
1 2.8 1.5 11.2 1 1.5 V' V' -5.6 m/sec V' 5.6 m/sec upward
The maxim
= =
= =
+ = +
= + = =
( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
2
2
max
B
um height from the impact instant :
5.6
U
S 1.6 m from the instant they meet each other
2 g 2 9.8
from 1 : S 16.1 0.5 4.9 0.25 6.825 m
Then the maximum height from the ground is 1.6 6.825 8.425 m
= = =
= =
+ =
Example (7)
A body of mass one kg is projected vertically upward from the ground surface with velocity of
magnitude 11.9 m/s and after one second of the instant of its projection another body of mass
1.5 kg is projected vertically upwards from the same place with velocity of magnitude 16.1 m/s
if these two bodies formed one body after impact , find the maximum height which this body
reaches from the ground surface .
Answer

2.8
A
v =
. 1 5 kg
1 kg
A
B
11.2
B
v =


Dynamic 3
rd
o
30
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
o 2
2 2
B
2
2 2
A
1 2
The distance done by sphere B u 7 m/s a - g Sin -9.8Sin30 -4.9 m/sec
1 1
S ut at 7t 4.9 t 1
2 2
The distance done by sphere A u 0 a g Sin 4.9 m/sec
1 1
S ut at 4.9 t 2
2 2
And S S 8 mo
u
u
= = = =
= + =
= = =
= + =
+ =
( )
( ) ( )
( )
2 2
B
2
B
ving in opposite direction
1 1 8
7t 4.9 t 4.9 t 8 t sec
2 2 7
Substitute in 1 : S 4.8 m from B
When the both spheres collide :
8
Velocity of sphere B before impact : u 7 m / sec t sec a -4.9 m/sec
7
V u at 7 4.
+ = =
=
= = =
= + =
( )
( )
( )
2
A
1 1 2 2 1 2
8
9 1.4 m/s
7
8
Velocity of sphere A before impact : u 0 t sec a 4.9 m/sec
7
8
V 4.9 -5.6 m/sec V' 5.6 m/sec
7
After impact, both spheres have common velocity mV m V m m V'
65 1.4 75 5.6 65
| |
=
|
\ .
= = =
| |
= = =
|
\ .
+ = +
= +
( ) ( )
( )
2
2 2 2
75 V' V' -2.35 m/s V' 2.35 m/s downward
To find when the body reaches the bottom of the plane u 2.35 S 4.8 m a 4.9 m/sec
1 1
S ut at 4.8 2.35t 4.9 t 2.45t 2.35t 4.8 0 t 1 sec
2 2
= =
= = =
= + = + + = =
o
AB is the line of the greatest slope of a smooth plane of length 8 m and inclined at an angle of
measure 30 to the horizontal. A body of mass 65 gm at the bottom of the plane B is projected
with velocity 7 m/sec along BA , and at the same instant another body of mass 75 gm at the top
of the plane A is left to slide along AB, state when and where the two bodies will collide and
if the two bodies form one body after collision, find when it reaches the bottom of the plane .
Example (8)

Answer

75
65
A
B


Dynamic 3
rd
Two smooth spheres A and B of masses 300 and 250 gm are moving along the same horizontal
line with velocities of magnitudes 15 m/sec and 9 m/sec respectively in the same direction, if
they collide and move in the same direction after impact such that the ratio between the
magnitude of their velocities immediatelty after impact is 2 : 3, find the magnitude of each. If
the sphere A continues its motion with constant velocity while B moves with constant deceleration
1
due to a constant resistance equal of its weight, find the distance between the two spheres after
5
5 seconds from the instant of their separation after collision .
1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2
1 2
A
After impact m V m V m V ' m V '
300 15 250 9 300 2x 250 3x
x 5 m / s V ' 10 m / sec and V ' 15 m / sec
The distance done by the two spheres after 5 seconds
for sphere A S V t 10 5 50 m
1 1
for sphere B R mg=
5
+ = +
+ = +
= = =
= = =
=
( )
( ) ( )( )
2
2
2
B B
B A
250
9.8 0.49 Newton
5 1000
250
And - R ma -0.49 a a -1.96 m/sec
1000
So t 5 sec a -1.96 m/sec u 15m / sec
1 1
S ut at S 15 5 -1.96 25 50.5 m
2 2
Then the distance between the two spheres S S moving in the
| |
=
|
\ .
= = =
= = =
= + = + =
( )
same direction 0.5 m =
Example (9)

Answer

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1
15 v =
300 gm
2
9 v =
250 gm
1
' 2 v x =
2
' 3 v x =
A B


Dynamic 3
rd
Two smooth spheres each of mass 240 gm move along a straight line on a smooth horizontal
plane each with velocity 15 m/sec in the same direction, and there is a distance between them .
A barrier is fixed to the plane such that it perpendicular to the line of motion of the two spheres
if the front sphere collides with the barrier and rebounds along the same straight line and collides
with the back sphere and it rebounds once more with velocity 8 m/sec, find the magnitude of the
velocity of the back sphere after impact given that the magnitude of the impulse of the barrier to
the front sphere is 6.48 Newton.sec
( ) ( )
( )
2 2 2 2
2
1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2
1
1 1
1
240
I m V ' V 6.48 V ' 15
1000
V ' 12 m / sec
After impact m V m V ' m V '' m V ''
240 15 240 12 240V '' 240 8 240
15 12 V '' 8 V '' -5 m / sec
V '' 5 m / sec in the opposite direction
= = +
=
+ = +
= +
= + =
=
A
m g
2.5 m
0.25 m
C
a
v 0 =
B
u 0 =
R
( ) ( )
( )
2 2 2
1 1 2 2 1 2
we don't have the velocity of the hummer before impact
So V U 2g S V 0 2 9.8 2.5 49 V 7 m / sec
For momentum : m V m V V' m m
2.5 7 1 0 V' 2.5 1 V' 5 m / sec
Imbedded in the ground means that : mg R m
= + = + = =
+ = +
+ = + =
=
( ) ( )( ) ( ) ( )( )
( ) ( )
2 2
2
a
then we have to get the acceleration
V 0 when S 0.25 m and u 5 m / sec
So V U 2as 0 25 2a 0.25
a -50m / sec
2.5 1 1000 9.8 R 2.5 1 1000 -50
149500 299
R 209300 Newton 9.8 kg.wt 1000
7
= = =
= + = +
=
+ = +
= = = ton.wt
14
Example (10)

Answer

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (11)
A hammer of mass 2.5 tons falls from a height of 2.5 meters on a body of mass 1 tons and form
one body after impact and are imbedded in the ground at a distance of 25 cm. Find the average
resistance of the ground, measured in units of ton .wt.
Answer

1
15 v =
240 gm
2
15 v =
240 gm
240 gm 240 gm
1
15 v =
2
' 12 v =
1
'' v
2
'' 8 v =

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Note : I always prefer to use the unit kgm . m / sec .

V 6t 14t 4 C And m t 1 which is variable

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