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of Dental Medicine
Radiology
Friedrich A. PaslerVill
Table of Contents
Radiographic Examination of the Patient in the Dental Office
3. Examination Strategy and Active Protection Against
Radiation Exposure
4 Examination Strategies
Panoramic Radiography for Basic Information and Supplemental
Examination Using Special Radiographs
9. Technique for Panoramic Radiography 47 The Bite-Wing Radiograph
10 Technique for Panoramic Radiography 50 Examples of Diagnosis Using Bile-Wings
12 Positioning of the Patient in the Apparatus
14 Increased Radiographic Qualiy through Positioning 51. Apical and Periodontal Radiographic Technique
According to Indication 52. Radiographic Surveys for Patients of Various Ages
17 Typical Incorrect Positioning 53 Apical and Periodontal Survey in Adults
18 Incorrect Positioning 54 Maxilla
19 Positioning in the Mixed Dentition Stage 58 Mandible
20. Positioning to Visualize Periodontal Destruction 62 Third Molars
21 Positioning of the Tongue
22 Depiction of the Alveolar Ridges 63 Radiographic Technique with the Occlusal Film
23° “Zonarc," A Special Instrument for Clinics 64 Intraoral
24 Special Radiographs Using the Cephalometric Attachment 68 Extraoval
25. Radiographic Anatomy in the Panoramic Radiograph 69 Radiographic Anatomy in Periapical and Occlusal
26 Survey of the Anatomic Structures Visible in a Radiographs
Panoramic Radiograph 70 Radiographic Anatomy During Tooth Development
27 Ventral Portion of the Facial Skeleton 71 Radiographic Anatomy of Special Regions
28 Ventral Portion ofthe Facial Skeleton in the Mexia, 71 Maxillary Anterior Region
29 Variations in the Maxillary Sinus 72 Maxillary Canine Region
30 Retromaxillary Space 73 Maxillary Premoiar Region
31 Extemal Ear and Temporomangibular Joint Region 75 Maxillary Molar Region
32 Palatal Bone in the Shadow of the Coronoid Process «76 ~—- Mandibular Anterior Region
33° Tuberosity Region and the Cervical Vertebrae 77 Mandibular Canine Region
34 Chin Region 78 Mandibular Premolar Region
36 Chin Region and the Body of the Mandible 80 Mandibular Molar Region
37 Mandibular Canal, Mandibular Rami and the Cervical 82. Radiographic Anatomy in Occlusal Radiographs
Veriebrae
38 Mandibular Canal and Retromolar Structures 83 Localization Using Various Methods
39 _Hyoid Bone and Cervical Region 86 Panoramic Radiography as an Aid in Localization
49 Hyoid Bone and Subtraction Effect from the Base of «87 _ Special Localization Problems
the Skull 87 Buccal Impacted Mandibular Canine
41, _ Angle of the Mandible and the Styloid Process 88 Ectopically Positioned Anterior Teeth
42, Examination of Children and Adolescents Using the 89 Apically Displaced Maxillary Third Molars
Panoramic Radiograph 90 Axially Presented Maxillary Third Molars
45__Diagram of Formation and Eruption of the Deciduous
Teeth
46 Diagram of Formation and Eruption ofthe Permanent TeethTable of Contents Ix
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Errors in Technique That Reduce Radiograph Quality
Tips for Preparation of Good Panoramic Radiographs
Before Positioning the Patient in the Apparatus
With the Patient in the Apparatus
Tips for Preparation of Good Radiographs
Before Exposing the Film
Immediately Before Exposure
‘Summary of Basic Rules for Preparation of High Quality
Radiographs
Common Errors During Preparation of Periapical
Radiographs
Common Errors During Preparation of Occlusal
Radiographs
Processing Technique and Errors Leading to Poor
Quality Radiographs
Tips for Error-Free Processing
Tips for Error-Free Development
Tips for Etror-Free Fixation
Optimum Radiograph
Reducing Overdeveloped Radiographs
‘Supplemental Examinations Using Conventional and
Modern Imaging Techniques
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Conventional Skull Films
First Standard Projection: Posteroanterior
Cephalometric Skull Projection
‘Second Standard Projection: Lateral Cephalometric
‘Skull Projection
‘Special Construction of a High Capacity
Cephalometric instrument
Third Standard Projection: Full Axial Projection
of the Skull
Lateral Oblique Projection of the Mandible
Special Positioning for the Lateral Oblique Projection
of Mandible
Zygoma/Cheek Tangential Skull Projections
Mandibular Posteroanterior Skull Radiograph
(Reverse Towne)
Waters’ Projection Radiograph
‘Supplemental Examination of the Maxillary Sinus with
‘Additional Methods
Transcranial Projection: “The Modified Schiller
TM4 Film, Open and Closed"
Tomography: Supplemental Examination of the
‘Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ)
Computed Tomography (CT)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Selected Examples of Dental Radiographic Diagnosis
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‘Anomalies of Dental Development and the Teeth
Congenitally Missing Teeth, Retention and Inclusion
Retention, Malocclusion and Resorption
Retention of Supernumerary Teeth, Resorption of
Retained Teeth
Retained Teeth in Special Locations
Retained and Ankylosed Teeth
Mesiodens, Gemination, Taurodontism and Dens in dente
Hypercementosis and Enamel Pearls
‘Amelogenesis imperfecta
Dentinogenesis imperfecta
Additional Dental Dysplasias
Posterior Open Bite with Macroglossia and “Idiopathic
Root Resorptio
Concrements, Calcifications, Ossifications
Regressive Changes in Teeth and Jaws
Inflammation of the Jaws and Osteoradionecrosis
‘Acute and Chronic Apical Periodontitis
Diffuse Sclerosing Osteomyelitis in Chronic Apical and
Marginal Periodontitis
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and Inflammatory Reactive
Sclerosing Osteomyeli
Osteosis
Osteomyelitis in infants and Children
‘Acute Osteomyelitis
Secondary Chronic Osteomyelitis
Primary Chronic Osteomyelitis, Osteoradionecrosis
Dentogenic Sinus Disorders
Panoramic Radiography of Dentogenic Sinus Pathology
‘Additional Signs of Dentogenic Infection
Incidental Findings and the Significance of the
Waters’ Projection
Acute Unilateral Dentogenic Sinusitis
‘Schematic View of Sinus Diagnosis in Waters’ Projection
Radiographs
‘Acute and Chronic Maxillary Sinusit
Computed Tomography for Supplemental Diagnosis
Foreign Bodies, Root Fragments and Surgical Defects
‘Temporomandibular Joint Disturbances
Examination of the Masticatory Organ Using the
Panoramic Radiograph
Temporomandibular Joint Pain with Malocclusion