Suggestopedia Method

1. What are the purposes and rationale of using the Suggestopedia method? Suggestopedia tries to redirect the influences of the science in order to optimize the learning, and improving these points: stimulates the whole person undoes blocks goes rapidly forward gives creative solutions encourages relaxation strengthens self-image talks to all the senses optimizes learning State the main principles of the Suggestopedia method Authority: People remember best and are most influenced by information coming from an authoritative source. Infantilization: In the child's role that learner takes part in role playing, games, songs, and gymnastic exercises that help "the older student regain the self-confidence, spontaneity and receptivity of the child. Double-Planedness: The learner learns not only from the effect of direct instruction but from the environment in which the instruction takes place. (the bright decor of the classroom, the musical background, the shape of the chairs, and the personality of the teacher are considered as important in instruction as the form of the instructional material itself. Intonation, Rhythm, and Concert Pseudo-Passiveness Varying the tone and rhythm of presented material helps both to avoid boredom through monotony of repetition and to dramatize, emotionalize, and give meaning to linguistic material. The musical background helps to induce a relaxed attitude which Lozanov refers to as concert pseudopassiveness What are the goals of teachers for use the Suggestopedia method? Left and right brain integration will be enhanced through the power of suggestion, music, relaxation, deep breathing, metaphors and guided imagery. Self-image will be improved. The students will have a positive attitude towards learning. Suggestopedia aims to deliver advanced conversational proficiency quickly. Teachers place a high value on vocabulary recall, memorization of vocabulary pairs continues to be seen as an important goal of the suggestopedic method. To memorize large amounts of target language vocabulary. To be able to understand target language at the appropriate level through the teacher's presentation of the language material (gestures and intonation.) What is the role of teachers and students? Teachers role: To create situations in which learners are most suggestible and then to present linguistic material in a way most likely to encourage positive reception and retention by learners. Lozanov lists several expected teacher behaviors as follows: Alejandro Estrada Soto

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Show absolute confidence in the method. Display fastidious conduct in manners and dress. Organize properly, and strictly observe the initial stages of the teaching processthis includes choice and play of music, as well as punctuality. Maintain a solemn attitude towards the session. Give tests and respond tactfully to poor papers (if any). Stress global rather than analytical attitudes towards material. Maintain a modest enthusiasm.

The students role Students volunteer for a suggestopedic course, but having volunteered, they are expected to be committed to the class and its activities. Students are expected to tolerate and in fact encourage their own infantilization. Groups of learners are ideally socially homogeneous, 12 in number, and divided equally between men and women. Learners sit in a circle, which encourages face-to-face exchange and activity participation. 5. What are some characteristics of the teaching and learning process? A rich sensory learning environment (pictures, colour, music, etc.) A positive expectation of success and the use of a varied range of methods: dramatized texts, music, active participation in songs and games, etc. How is the language and culture viewed? The student must be able to translate target language vocabulary into ones native language. Also the students are given a new name in the second language and a new biography in the second culture with which they are to operate for the duration of the course What areas of language are emphasized? Speaking communicatively is emphasized. Students also read and write in the target language. How is evaluation accomplished? The suggestopedia method has 4 main stages: Presentation, First ConcertActive Concert, Second Concert Passive Review and Practice. And is in the practice step where the evaluation is accomplished with the use of a range of games, puzzles, etc. to review and consolidate the learning. How the teachers do responds to students errors? Errors are corrected gently, with the teacher using a soft voice

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10. What are the highlights of Suggestopedia method? Suggestopedia highlights in the classroom are the design of an "optimum" learning environment, high expectations of success from the teacher, the use of music and art, the importance of enjoying the learning process, and the fostering of an atmosphere of "relaxed alertness"

Alejandro Estrada Soto

Total Physical Response Method

1. What are the purposes and rationale of using the TPR method? TPR is a language teaching method in which learners listen to instructions in the target language, and carry out a sequence of physical actions. This is based on the belief that second language is learned most effectively in the early stages if the pressure for production is taken off the learners. Asher claimed that the fastest and least stressful way to achieve understanding of any target language is to follow directions uttered by the instructor (without native language translation) 2. State the main principles of the TPR method James Asher, the proponent of this method, derived three principles from his beliefs about the nature of first language acquisition. Meaning in the target language can often be conveyed through actions. Memory is activated through learner response. The target language should be presented in chunks, not just word by word. The students understanding of the target language should be developed before speaking. Students can initially learn one part of the language rapidly by moving their bodies. Imperatives are powerful linguistic device through which the teacher can direct student behavior. Students can learn through observing actions as well as by performing the actions themselves. It is very important that students feel successful. Students should not be made to memorize fixed routines. Corrections should be carried out in an unobtrusive manner. Students must develop flexibility in understanding novel combinations of target language chunks. Language learning is more effective when it is fun. Spoken language should be emphasized over written language. Students will begin to speak when they are ready. Students are expected to make errors when they first begin speaking. Teachers should be tolerant of them. Work on the fine details of the language should be postponed until students have become somewhat proficient. 3. What are the goals of teachers for use the TPR method?

4. What is the role of teachers and students? The teachers role: Director of all students behaviors Decides what to teach Serves as model of the target language Presents the new material Selects supporting materials for classroom use The students role: Listeners and performers Imitators of the teachers nonverbal model Monitor and evaluate their own progress Alejandro Estrada Soto

5. What are some characteristics of the teaching and learning process? Role Reversal Students command their teacher and classmates to perform some actions. Asher says that students will want to speak after ten to twenty hours of instruction, although some students may take longer. Students should not be encouraged to speak until they are ready. Action Sequence (or Operation) The teacher gives three connected commands. Example: The teacher tells the students to point to the door, walk to the door, and touches the door. As the students learn more and more of the target language, a longer series of connected commands can be given, which together comprise a whole procedure. 6. How is the language and culture viewed? The target language is always used in order to teach grammar inductively. And for the exercises and examples, the use of the parents-students context is requested. 7. What areas of language are emphasized? The oral proficiency is the most important point, the plan requires no basic text, only concrete materials and realia, but for some activities the reading and writing are used, especially on the blackboard. 8. How is evaluation accomplished? The teacher gives a summary of the last lesson and he/she repeats the items that were learned in the previous lesson, and wait for the students to repeat in order to see how much do they remember. 9. How the teachers do responds to students errors? The teacher tries to overcome the student's fear of speaking aloud in public and in a new language. 10. What are the highlights of TPR method? The students enjoy moving around the classroom, and it is effective for both adult and young learners , but its best suitable for beginners. Also it doesnt need long hours to prepare it before the lessons.

Alejandro Estrada Soto