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Materials and Process Information Science Notes Interactive Materials Property Charts
Three levels of database, from an introductory teaching resource to a comprehensive project tool covering 3,000 materials.
Textbook-style explanations with further reading references to books by Ashby, Askeland, Callister, Shackelford and more...
Unique tools to compare and analyze properties and to select materials and processes.
Specialist Databases
Advanced Software
Introduce key concepts in eco design and sustainabilty. Explore what if design scenarios.
Editions for design, eco design, polymers, aerospace, bio engineering, architecture and the built environment.
Use CES Constructor to build your own databases. Apply CES Selector and GRANTA MI for advanced teaching, research, and industry.
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2 200 100 10
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Cast Deform Mold Composite Powder Prototype
Cambridge University
Version MFA 09
Thumbnail sketch of CES EduPack The CES EduPack software has three Levels of Database.
Level 1 Coverage Around 70 of the most widely used materials drawn from the classes: metals, polymers, ceramics, composites, foams, and natural materials. Around 70 of the most widely used processes. Around 100 of the most widely used materials. Around 110 of the most commonly used processes. The core database contains more than 3,000 materials, including those in Levels 1 and 2. Specialist editions covering aerospace, polymers, architecture, bio-materials, and ecodesign are also available. Content A description, an image of the material in a familiar product, typical applications, and limited data for mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties, using rankings where appropriate. All the content of Level 1, supplemented by more extensive numerical data, design guidelines, ecological properties, and technical notes. Extensive numerical data for all materials, allowing the full power of the CES selection system to be deployed.
Level 2
Level 3
When the software opens you are asked to choose a Level. Chose Level 1 to start with.
CES EduPack does far more than this. But this is enough to get started.
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MaterialUniverse
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Ceramics and glasses Hybrids: composites etc Metals and alloys Polymers and elastomers
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Find what:
Polylactide
0.89
0.91 1.61 1.55 0.54 2.6 0.42 11.2 37.2 41.4 55.2 600 16.5 4.5 0.044
Mg/m 3 USD/kg GPa GPa GPa HV MPa MPa MPa % MPa MPa.m1/2
1.102 0.896 0.31 2.5 0.40 6.2 20.7 27.6 25.1 100 11.0 3 0.025 -
Good insulator 0.113 - 0.167 122.4 - 180 1870 - 1956 149.9 - 174.9 -25.15 - -15.15 82.85 - 106.9 -123.2 - -73.15 Good insulator 3.3e22 - 3e23 2.2 - 2.3 5e-4 - 7e-4 22.7 - 24.6
Physical Attributes Mass range Range of section thickness Tolerance Roughness Surface roughness (A=v. smooth) Economic Attributes Economic batch size (units) Relative tooling cost Relative equipment cost Labor intensity
25 6.3 1 1.6
kg mm mm m
ohm.cm 1000000*V /m
Design guidelines Injection molding is the best way to mass-produce small, precise, polymer components with complex shapes. The surface finish is good; texture and pattern can be easily altered in the tool, and fine detail reproduces well. Decorative labels can be molded onto the surface of the component (see In-mould Decoration). The only finishing operation is the removal of the sprue. Technical notes Most thermoplastics can be injection molded, although those with high melting temperatures (e.g. PTFE) are difficult. Thermoplastic based composites (short fiber and particulate filled) can be processed providing the fillerloading is not too large. Large changes in section area are not recommended. Small re-entrant angles and complex shapes are possible, though some features (e.g. undercuts, screw threads, inserts) may result in increased tooling costs. The process may also be used with thermosets and elastomers. The most common equipment for molding thermoplastics is the reciprocating screw machine, shown schematically in the figure. Polymer granules are fed into a spiral press where they mix and soften to a dough-like consistency that can be forced through one or more channels ('sprues') into the die. The polymer solidifies under pressure and the component is then ejected. Typical uses Extremely varied. Housings, containers, covers, knobs, tool handles, plumbing fittings, lenses, etc. The economics Capital cost are medium to high, tooling costs are usually high - making injection molding economic only for large batch sizes. Production rate can be high particularly for small moldings. Multi-cavity moulds are often used. Prototype moldings can be made using single cavity moulds of cheaper materials.
1. Selection data Edu Edu Level Level 2: 2: Materials Materials 2. Selection Stages Graph Limit Tree X-axis Y-axis
1000
1000
Tungsten alloys
A bar chart
100
A bubble chart
Boron carbide Aluminum alloys Magnesium alloys Hardwood: oak, along grain Plywood
100
Concrete
10
10
Polypropylene (PP)
Lead alloys
Metal foam
0.1
Polyethylene (PE)
EVA
0.1
0.01
0.01
Density (kg/m^3)
1000
10000
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1. Selection data
Edu Edu Level Level2: 2: Materials Materials
A Limit stage
Mechanical properties
2. Selection Stages
Graph Limit Tree
Min.
(Enter the limits minimum or maximum as appropriate and click Apply) (Results at Level 1 or 2: aluminum nitride, alumina, silicon nitride) DELETE THE STAGE
Results
Material 1 Material 2 Material 3 Material 4 etc...
200 25
Ranking
Prop 2
Electrical properties
Good conductor Poor conductor Semiconductor Poor insulator Good insulator
1. Selection data
Yield strength Edu Edu Level Level2: 2: Materials Materials
Bar chart
Box selection
2. Selection Stages
Graph Limit Tree
Prop 2
Yield strength
Results
Material 1 Material 2 Material 3 Material 4 etc...
Ranking
2230 2100 1950 1876 113 300 5.6 47
Bubble chart
Line selection
Density
(Results at Level 1 or 2: CFRP (isotropic), Titanium alloys, Magnesium alloys, ) DELETE THE STAGE
Titanium alloys Low alloy steel
1000
Selection box
GFRP Silica glass Phenolics
1000
100
10
Cast Magnesium alloys Cast Aluminum alloys Polystyrene (PS) ABS Neoprene Cork
10
Concrete
0.1
Concrete
0.01
Density (kg/m^3)
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1. Selection data
Edu Edu Level Level2: 2: Materials Materials
2. Selection Stages
Graph Limit Tree Material
Process
Shape Surface
1. Selection data
Edu Edu Level Level2: 2: Materials Materials
2. Selection Stages
Graph Limit Tree
Density
Min
2000 60 10
Can be MOLDED (a Tree Stage: ProcessUniverse Shaping Molding) Rank the results by PRICE (a Graph Stage: bar chart of Price) (On the final Graph Stage, all materials that fail one or more stages are grayed-out; label the remaining materials, which pass all stages. The RESULTS window shows the materials that pass all the stages.)
Ranking
Prop 2
113 5.6
Price
300
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1. Selection data
Edu Edu Level Level2: 2: Processes Processes -- Shaping Shaping
2. Selection Stages
Graph Limit Tree
Ceramics