Origins of Psychology Psychology Today Hypotheses and Methods Ethical Rules

What is Psychology?
Study of behavior and mental processes Common Sense?
Test hypotheses about behavior Theory is a way to generally explain behavior

As a psychologist, learn to think critically

Question Analyze and evaluate information

What is psychology?
Which of the following statements is true?
a) Psychology is just common sense. b) Psychologists only study abnormal behavior. c) Psychologists know why people behave the way that they do. d) Psychologists test ideas about behavior according to the scientific method.

What is psychology?
Which of the following statements is true?
a) Psychology is just common sense. b) Psychologists only study abnormal behavior. c) Psychologists know why people behave the way that they do. d) Psychologists test ideas about behavior according to the scientific method.

Wilhelm Wundt

Origins of Psychology

Psychology Today

Hypotheses and Methods

Ethical Rules

William James

Origins of Psychology

Psychology Today

Hypotheses and Methods

Ethical Rules

Sigmund Freud

Origins of Psychology

Psychology Today

Hypotheses and Methods

Ethical Rules

Behavioral Perspective (1913 Present)

John B. Watson
Origins of Psychology Psychology Today Hypotheses and Methods Ethical Rules

B.F. Skinner

Humanistic Perspective (1950s Present)

Abraham Maslow
Carl Rogers

Origins of Psychology

Psychology Today

Hypotheses and Methods

Ethical Rules

1870

1880

1980s Early 2000 1941 1945 1920s 1890 1961-1964 1951 -1990s 1971 1913 1881 1875 1933 1904
Increased Evolutionary global interdependence psychology Eric Kandel wins Nobel Prize Rapid growth in clinical Gestalt William Roger Carl pychology James Rogers Sperrys publishes nears helps split -brain its launch his research B. F. Skinner creates John B. Watson writes Wilhelm Wundt First establishes demonstration Sigmund Freuds influence Ivan Pavlov shows how laboratories and cultural emerges diversity as a major in Western new (in physiology and medicine) psychology begins in peak seminal and humanistic influence. work work, by The David movement Principles Hubel and 1947 furor over radical 1963 classic behaviorism 1953 2002 first journal devoted are set to up independently continues to build asTorsten he 1981 1990s 1974 1905 conditioned responses are 1892 1883 1914 societies theoretical spark surge perspective. of interest in for his research on the 1908 response to huge demand of Psychology Wiesel with publication on how . cortical of cells respond behaviorism with his manifesto, arguing that research in psychology. by William James (at Harvard) publishes New Introductory created, paving the1879 way for Kenneth and Mamie Clark Stanley Milgram conducts B. F. Skinner publishes his Daniel Kahneman wins Roger Sperry The wins repressed Nobel prize memories Eleanor Maccoby and Carol how cultural factors mold behavior. Alfred Binet develops G. G. Stanley Stanley Hall Leta Hall founds Hollingworth establishes American publishes biochemistry of memory. 1956 for clinical services created to Client-Centered light help rejuvenate Therapy. the biological controversial book psychology should study and Wilhelm Wundt (at the Lectures on Psychoanalysis . 1988 1950 1916 Stimulus response psychology. Margaret Washburn publish work on prejudice that controversial study of influential S cience and Human Nobel Prize (in economics) 1954 (in physiology controversy and medicine) stimulates Jacklin publish their landmark first successful intelligence Psychological Americas pioneering first Association. research work on the by World War II and perspective in psychology. Beyond Freedom Wilhelm Wundt establishes only observable behavior. 1978 University of Leipzig). 1909 The cognitive revolution is writes publishes The Animal Mind, is cited in landmark 1954 obedience to authority, Behavior, advocating radical for his research on Research psychologists Erik form Erikson for split-brain influential studies. research by review of research on gender test in France. Lewis Terman publishes 1914 1918 laboratory psychology in psychology of women. at its aftermath. and Dignity. first research laboratory Abraham Maslows Motivation Late 1990s launched at watershed which serves as an impetus Supreme Court decision which may be the most behaviorism similar to Watsons. Herbert Simon wins Nobel decision making. American Psychological Childhood Society and Society in Elizabeth Loftus and others differences, which galvanizes Stanford-Binet Intelligence Johns Hopkins University. Sigmund Freuds increasing in psychology at and Personality helps fuel Widespread intelligence conference where Herbert for behaviorism. outlawing segregation. famous single study in (in economics) for Freuds (APS) tomalleability serve as an which advocate he extends on the and research in thisprize area. Scale, which becomes Martin Seligman influence receives formal Leipzig, Germany. humanistic movement. testing is begun by military Simon, George Miller, and Noam psychologys history. research on cognition. for the science of psychology. theory of Development across fallibility of human memory. the worlds foremost launches the positive recognition as G. S. Hall during World War I. Chomsky report three major the life span. intelligence test. psychology movement. invites Freud to give lectures advances in just one day. at Clark University.

Origins of Psychology

Psychology Today

Hypotheses and Methods

Ethical Rules

What is psychology?
Javier wants to know how aggression helps a person adapt to the environment. Which historical approach is Javier emphasizing?
a) b) c) d) structuralism psychoanalysis functionalism humanism

What is psychology?
Javier wants to know how aggression helps a person adapt to the environment. Which historical approach is Javier emphasizing?
a) b) c) d) structuralism psychoanalysis functionalism humanism

By who? James

Humanistic perspective Behavioral perspective Biological perspective Cognitive perspective Psychodynamic perspective

Evolutionary perspective

Sociocultural perspective

Origins of Psychology

Psychology Today

Hypotheses and Methods

Ethical Rules

Case Study: Bill is a 45-year-old who is suffering from depression. He has recently lost his job and has difficulty keeping friendships. He believes there is no use in trying to find a job or in meeting new people because it always results in failure. He believes therapists are quacks and chooses to drink heavily every day.

-Bill suffering from depression -lost his job -difficulty keeping friendships -feels both result in failure anyway -therapists are quacks Biological/Physiological -heavy drinker Perspective-focuses on physical causes of behavior What is important in this case study from this perspective?

-Bill suffering from depression -lost his job -difficulty keeping friendships -feels both result in failure anyway -therapists are quacks Evolutionary Perspective-heavy drinker focuses on the natural selection cause of behavior What is important in this case study from this perspective?

-Bill suffering from depression -lost his job -difficulty keeping friendships -feels both result in failure anyway -therapists are quacks Cognitive Perspective-focuses -heavy drinker on how mental processes influence behavior
What is important in this case study from this perspective?

-Bill suffering from depression -lost his job -difficulty keeping friendships -feels both result in failure anyway Psychodynamic Perspective-therapists are quacks focuses on internal -heavy drinker unconscious mental processes, motives, and desires that may explain behavior What is important in this case study from this perspective?

-Bill suffering from depression -lost his job -difficulty keeping friendships -feels both result in failure anyway Behavioristic Perspective-therapists are quacks focuses on external, -heavy drinker environmental influences on behavior

What is important in this case study from this perspective?

-Bill suffering from depression -lost his job -difficulty keeping friendships -feels both result in failure anyway Sociocultural Perspective-therapists are quacks focuses on societal and -heavy drinker cultural factors that may influence behavior

What is important in this case study from this perspective?

-Bill suffering from depression -lost his job -difficulty keeping friendships -feels both result in failure anyway Humanistic Perspective-therapists are quacks focuses on how an individuals -heavy drinker view of himself or herself and the world influence behavior

What is important in this case study from this perspective?

Describe Behavior Predict Behavior Explain Behavior

Control or Change Behavior

Origins of Psychology

Psychology Today

Hypotheses and Methods

Ethical Rules

Hypothesis: Students who study over a span of 3 weeks before a test

perform better than those who wait until the night before

Method

Data Collection

Analysis

Origins of Psychology

Psychology Today

Hypotheses and Methods

Ethical Rules

To test predictive hypotheses

Origins of Psychology

Psychology Today

Hypotheses and Methods

Ethical Rules

Detailed case histories are worked up for youngsters referred to counseling because of excessive aggressive behavior in school. The children are interviewed, as are their parents and teachers.

To test predictive hypotheses

Origins of Psychology Psychology Today Hypotheses and Methods Ethical Rules

To test predictive hypotheses

Origins of Psychology

Psychology Today

Hypotheses and Methods

Ethical Rules

Positive Correlation High scores on X are associated with high scores on Y, and low scores on X are associated with low scores on Y.

# of Cigarettes Smoked

Blood Pressure Reading

# of Cigarettes Smoked

Blood Pressure Reading

Origins of Psychology

Psychology Today

Hypotheses and Methods

Ethical Rules

To test predictive hypotheses

Negative Correlation High scores on X are associated with low scores on Y, and low scores on X are associated with high scores on Y.

Amount of Cocaine Ingested

# of Hours Slept

Amount of Cocaine Ingested

# of Hours Slept

Origins of Psychology

Psychology Today

Hypotheses and Methods

Ethical Rules

To test predictive hypotheses

+ or Height and shoe size GPA and average night sleep Stress and well-being Temperature and number of flu cases

To test causal hypotheses

Absence of Pain = Dependent Variable

Experimental Group Independent Variable

Control Group

Origins of Psychology

Psychology Today

Hypotheses and Methods

Ethical Rules

What is psychology?
In an experiment on attitudes, participants are given either positive or negative information about a speaker and then asked to evaluate the effectiveness of the speaker. In this experiment, which is the IV? a) The effectiveness of the speaker b) Type of information participant is given c) Attitude change d) The speaker

What is psychology?
In an experiment on attitudes, participants are given either positive or negative information about a speaker and then asked to evaluate the effectiveness of the speaker. In this experiment, which is the IV? a) The effectiveness of the speaker b) Type of information participant is given c) Attitude change d) The speaker

 Institutional Review Board (IRB)

Ensures that research conforms to a set of ethical standards or guidelines Most universities and colleges will not allow research without IRB approval Main concern is the respect and dignity of the participant

Origins of Psychology

Psychology Today

Hypotheses and Methods

Ethical Rules

Informed Consent

Origins of Psychology

Psychology Today

Hypotheses and Methods

Ethical Rules

Tricking participants in an experiment

Origins of Psychology

Psychology Today

Hypotheses and Methods

Ethical Rules

Animal Testing

Origins of Psychology

Psychology Today

Hypotheses and Methods

Ethical Rules

What is psychology?
Dr. Kwan is performing case study research. She should be most concerned with which of the following ethical principles? a) Deception b) Physical harm c) Debriefing d) Confidentiality

What is psychology?
Dr. Kwan is performing case study research. She should be most concerned with which of the following ethical principles? a) Deception b) Physical harm c) Debriefing d) Confidentiality

Additional Random Info

Margaret Floy Washburn

Origins of Psychology Psychology Today Hypotheses and Methods Ethical Rules

Francis Sumner

In 2007
Nearly

80% of masters awarded to women

25% of doctorates awarded to minorities

73% of doctorates awarded to women

Almost

Origins of Psychology

Psychology Today

Hypotheses and Methods

Ethical Rules

Websites
www.apa.org
American Psychological Association Authority on all things psychology http://apa.org/gradpsych/2005/09/coverpinizzotto.aspx

http://www.cwu.edu/~warren/calendar/datepick.h tml http://psychology.okstate.edu/museum/women/c over2.html