Basic Graphic Commands

Lab # 03- SS

Lab Objectives:
To understand M-files principle. To plot multiple plots on a single graph.

To use different parameters on the graph.

To plot multiple graphs in a single graph window.

M-Files/ Script files:

So far, youve seen that MATLAB can accept and

execute commands interactively through the command prompt

what happens if youve got A LOT of commands to

execute?
You can do this in Matlab. This kind of file is

called a script file or M-file (M for MATLAB!)

You place all commands you want to execute in a file

with extension .m at the end, and you run the script file MATLAB will run all of these commands in sequence for you.
MATLAB has a M-file editor that you can use where

you can create your scripts.

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M-File

Script Files
Once a script file has been created, type in the

name of the file (without the .m) in the command prompt to execute the script When you execute a script file, all of the variables created in the script file get stored in the workspace for future use
The great thing about script files is that commands can

be re-executed without having to enter them all again!

All you have to do is modify parts of the script file to give

you the result you want

Lets do an example: 5 Lets make the factorial example into a script file

Example #1

Lab Task-01
The script file is now set to compute 4! What if I

wanted to do 9!, or 12!, or 5! ?

Hint-Just change the n parameter accordingly

Basic Graphics Commands

MATLAB provides a variety of sophisticated

techniques for presenting and visualizing data. Also, MATLAB makes it very easy to plot data!

 2D plotting:
If x and y are arrays of elements that are the same

size, you can plot them using this data with the following command:
plot(x, y);
This will bring up a window plotting a graph of y vs. x

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Example # 02
Heres a basic example: Lets say I wanted to plot the line y = x Heres the syntax:

This is what the graph looks

like

To use the plot function in Matlab,

you should first make sure that the matrices/vectors you are trying to use 11 equal dimensions. are of

Lab Task-02
Plot the following: A) y1=2x B) y2=x+3 C) y3=2x+2z

Multiple plots on a single Graph: If you want to plot multiple plots on a single graph, you do the following: plot(x1,y1,x2,y2,,xN,yN); N is the number of plots you want to appear on the single graph.

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Example # 03
Lets do another example: Lets plot the following 5 lines: y1 = 0.1x y2 = 0.5x y3 = 2x y4 = 5x y5 = 10x For now, lets make them all go from 0 to 10 in step sizes of 0.1 These plots dont all have to have the same step size!

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 Write this in the command prompt in MATLAB

You can also make a script file too if you want!

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 MATLAB automatically color codes the different plots

that are on the graph You can add a title, label the axes, put a grid on and even a legend! You can add these in the graph GUI that youve just seen, or do it through the command prompt

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Labelling Axes: So lets add a title, add a grid, label the axes and put up a legend.

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 grid puts a grid on the graph The spacing for the grid is automatically figured out by MATLAB title() lets your graph have a title xlabel(), ylabel() labels the x and

y axes accordingly
Put the labels inside the quotations Dont forget the quotations !

legend(, , , ) produces a

legend, labeling what each plot is on the graph

By default, MATLAB takes all points and connects

them with a solid line, and its got its own way of 19 determining which colour belongs to what plot

Additional parameters for Graph Platting:

In addition to the x and y points, you specify an

additional parameter: plot(x, y, line_style);

line_style is a character string of 2 characters
The 1st character specifies the colour of your plot The 2nd character specifies how your plot will be plotted

on the graph, or the plot style

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 Supported colours:
blue, green, red, cyan, magenta, yellow, black

Supported plot styles:

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 Examples:

x = 0:0.1:10; y = x;
plot(x,y,g.);
This will plot a green line with dots at each point

plot(x,y,bo); This will plot a blue line with circles at each point plot(x,y,'rx); This will plot a red line with crosses at each point

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Lab Task-03
X = [3 9 27];

% dependent vectors of interest

Y = [10 8 6];
Z = [4 4 4]; t = [1 2 3]; % independent vector

Plot these vectors in a single graph and embellish with

custom colors. Also display legend of the graph.

Multiple plots in different Graph windows: the figure command can be used to display multiple plots in separate figure windows.

Multiple Graphs in One Window: There is also a way to produce multiple graphs in one window
You can have more than 1 graph in one window at a

time!
Multiple plots can be displayed within a single figure

window using the subplot function, which can be called as follows: subplot(rows, cols, whichArea)
Each slot takes in a graph
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 How do we use the subplot command?

subplot(m,n,p) or subplot(mnp)
These determine the number of rows (m) and columns (n)

for the amount of graphs you want p determines which location in the window you want the plot to go to The order is from left to right, top to bottom

In order to properly use subplot, you must call this

function first After, you code the syntax to plot something normally

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 Heres a small example: If I wanted to make a window that has 4 plots, 2 plots in

each row 2 rows, heres what Id do

Do subplot(221) Specify that we want to work on the top

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left corner Next, code the syntax to plot normally. The plot will appear on the top left corner Do subplot(222) Specify that we want to work on the top right corner Next, code the syntax to plot normally. The plot will appear on the top right corner Do subplot(223) Specify that we want to work on the bottom left corner Next, code the syntax to plot normally. The plot will appear on the bottom left corner Do subplot(224) Specify that we want to work on the bottom right corner Next, code the syntax to plot normally. The plot will appear on the bottom right corner

Example:
To plot rate in the top half of a figure and growth in

the bottom half,

rate= [3.2 4.1 5.0 5.6]; growth = [2.5 4.0 3.35 4.9]; figure; subplot(2,1,1); plot(rate) subplot(2,1,2); plot(growth)

Lab Task -04

y1=2x, y2=4x, y3=6x, y4=8x; x= -5:0.1:5;
Plot all these 4 outputs on a single graph window.

Mention x-label, y-label on each. And display your Roll no: on top of the graph window.