Hot Conductors and Black Conductors

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Hot Conductors
Hot conductors (TAL/ACS-conductors) are composed of mono-metallic TAL-wires and composite conductors (ACSwires) Most essential benefit of these conductors is the higher current carr ing capacit compared with standard ACS!conductors

Up to 50% higher current carrying capacity is possible

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Hot Conductors
Surface: shiny Outer Layer: !L"#ires Core: !CS"#ires
TAL / ACS-conductor
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Black Conductors
"lac# conductors are a further de$elopment of the hot conductors% the are blac#ened with a permanent la er of colour on their surface ("TAL/ ACS-conductors) A higher heat radiation means that the current carr ing capacit can be increased compared with the hot conductors at the same temperature&

$ore than 50% higher current carrying capacity is possible

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Black Conductors
Surface: black coated Outer Layer: !L"#ires Core: !CS"#ires

"TAL / ACS-conductor

*hat is !L+
TAL (' thermal resistant aluminium) is an allo of aluminium& Starting from high grade aluminium (((%)/ purit ) an allo containing% among other elements% small amounts of *irconium

%irconiu& retains its &echanical properties e'en after operation at higher te&peratures up to (50)C o'er long periods

Standard aluminium can be used onl for temperatures up to +,-C .ith the e/ception of the higher thermal rating and the conducti$it all other properties/0ualities are completel identical
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Co&parison of different &aterial characteristics

Conducti it! %&'T TAL /-)0 ( ')C* *.m+mm. 1, 46%+ 6, 35233

Tensile strengt" da&+ mm. 21 - 2( ,6 - ,1

Modulus of elasticit! da&+ mm. 1,,, 6$$$

Coeff. of linear expansion ,+ -C 3%4 /2,-5 223 x,$-5

max. cont. working -C 25, 3$

working s"ort time #3$ Min. -C 2+, 43$5

temp. s"ort circuit -C 31, ,6$

*hat is !CS+

)C* 46 aluminium clad steel5 is a "ig" strengt" steel wire wit" a t"ick aluminium coating

!d'antages of !CS
Ad$antages of ACS resistance and long ser$ice life in industrial - Corrosion atmospheres - Higher short current capacit - Higher mechanical tensile strength - Higher continuous tensile strength - Higher conducti$it - !eduction of performance losses - Less weight - Less sag - Less tower load at the same sag
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$i,ed configuration in co&posite conductors #ith !L-!CS

The use of ACS-wires allows a mi/ed configuration in composite conductors 7/amples of the construction of the TAL/ACS-conductors8

Thus a far reaching pro9ect-oriented optimi*ation of the conductor for mechanical and electrical conditions is possible
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ypical !pplications and .cono&ic Benefits

T pical applications for the use of TAL/ACS-conductors economic benefits !efitting of older transmission lines for a higher current carr ing capacit 7limination of critical bottlenec# standard conductors in o$erhead lines instead of a replacement with larger standard conductors or higher $oltage le$el :ncreasement of the current carr ing capacit in a changing mar#et !edundant (n-2)-application or to co$er power pea#s

,,

.cono&ic !nalysis
An economic anal sis should contain the following points8 The costs for a new line with a larger conductor diameter A higher price for TAL and for a blac# coating ;ue to the increased sags% ma be a heightening of the towers is necessar Costs for an increase of the losses

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!dditional Benefits of Black Conductors

Additional benefits of a conductor coating with blac# colour :mmediate capacit with nominal current under all weather conditions !eduction of the transmission losses !eduction of necessar tower reorgani*ations Less corona losses and decreasing of the corona noise Highest corrosion protection Higher current carr ing capacit

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Specification of the Coating

Specification of the coating process and the material Temperature- and <=-resistance of the coating material As-thin-as-possible coating with a low isolation effect Ma/imum adherence of the material and eas to remo$e in the fitting area 7lastic and robust coating Metallic contact between each la er of the conductor

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/o&inal Current at 0ifferent Conductor e&peratures

>ominal current ?A@ at different conductor temperatures ?-C@
,3$$ ,,$$ 1$$ 7$$ 5$$ 6$ 3$ ,$$ ,2$ ,35 ,5$

)C*7 3$$+5$ standard conductor T)0+)C* 3$$+5$ s"in! 8T)0+)C* 3$$+5$ 9lack coated

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/o&inal Current at 0ifferent Conductor e&peratures

&ominal current at different conductor temperatures
conductor temp& ?-C@ ACS! 4,,/5, standard conductor TAL/ACS 4,,/5, shin "TAL/ACS 4,,/5, blac# coated 1, +, 2,, 23, 245 25,

56,

)6,

561 56)

)56 )+5

(,5 (5)

2,31 2,(1

22,5 22++

22)5 23),

1 &a,2 'alues

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e&perature of 3ittings #ith a (50)C Hot Conductor

temperature in -C conductor TAL/ACS 4+,/ 5, tension clamp full tension compression 9oint suspension clamp current carr ing clamp 25, )2 2,) (6 (4

'n addition to t"e coating of t"e o er"ead conductors2 also e er! kind of fittings could 9e 9lackened to use t"e effect of temperature radiation.
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wiretec handels- und beratungsgesellschaft mbh Akazienweg 24 D-40880 Ratingen tel.: + 4 !0"2#02 $ %%&4'-#0 fa(.: + 4 !0"2#02 $ %%&4'-& c)ntact*wiretec.de www.wiretec.de