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Theory of Vibration
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The way material vibrates under given condition is an important aspect of design of civil structures or mechanical equipment. Historically unexpected failures of bridges and columns have happened because designers did not consider effect of vibration. In this tutorial you will understand fundamentals of vibration and will learn how to apply it in mechanical / civil design you undertake.
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Summary of above lecture along with industrial application and career opportunities in the field of vibration are given below.
Pelton Turbin
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Analysis of B
Beams are str members, which are most co buildings. Beams have numer applications in case of bridge
Working of S
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Fig.1 Different initial stretch is given to the same spring-mass system and time period is measured
This is one big characteristic of vibrating systems, time period of oscillation does not depend upon initial stretch you give, it is a property of the system. More commonly used term used in vibrating world is frequency, which is defined as follows.
Concepts of p and plane form backbone of analysis. Purpose of this video give you a good introd...
Where T is time period of oscillation. Or one could say frequency of oscillation is a property of the system. More precise term is natural frequency, since the system is made up of only stiffness and inertial components. This is true even for a complicated system, say a bridge, chimney or an electronic circuit. All of them has got a property called natural frequency
Mathematical Analysis
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Working of S
This equation has got many solutions, solution of highest significance is given below.
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Where A is initial stretch given to the spring. Graphically it is represented as shown in below.
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Where Y is measured downward from equilibrium line, a line where at which gravitational force and spring force are balanced (represented by blue dotted line). Time period of oscillation and angular frequency can be derived from equation above as
So for a simple spring-mass system frequency of vibration is a function of mass and spring constant.If you substitute values of spring constant and mass of previous experiment in above equation time period of vibration can be obtained as 6.28s.
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Amplitude of oscillation decreases with time and it finally dies out. Here we have to consider effect of air viscous force on mass in order to simulate this problem more accurately. Damping causes continuous energy loss to the system, as system loses its energy amplitude of oscillation decreases.
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Fig.3 Amplitude vibration decreases in an actual case due to effect of air viscous force
Forces acting on mass in this case shown in figure below in blue arrows. Here spring force and viscous(damping) forces are acting on the mass, damping force is proportional velocity of mass with opposite sign of velocity. Effect of air viscous force can be represented as a single viscous dash port as shown.
Mathematical solution of this problem can be obtained by applying Newton's 2nd law of motion to the system. The differential equation so obtained will be
It has got one more term compared to simple spring-mass system case, a term to incorporate viscous force on mass.
Fig.5 As viscosity of surrounding fluid is increased tendency for oscillation decreases and finally a case with no oscillation is reached
Coefficient of viscosity required for achieving critical damping is given by You can further increase viscosity of surrounding, even above critical damping limit and notice that here also mass goes to equilibrium position without any oscillation. This condition is known as overdamped.
Industrial Applications
1. The Intriguing problem of Chimney Collapse
Have you ever noticed rings at top of a chimney? What does it signify? We will go through an incident which happened almost 100 years back. A chimney which conforms to mechanical strength requirement was erected in England in 1900s. But surprising engineers who built it,the structure collapsed one day. An enquiry was launched to investigate what went wrong in design of the chimney. After a detailed research the enquiry commission came up with a startling report. Their conclusion was like this. The collapse happened because designers did not consider effect of vibration / resonance of chimney. When wind
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You can simulate almost all the things you do experimentally in computers using FEA. So it is obvious that you have to have a strong knowledge in Finite Element Analysis in order to enter this job domain. Anyway before you start dreaming on this careers first thing you have to do is gain more in-depth knowledge on vibration. Hope from this website you got a good introduction to this filed. Now its time to go through some standard text books and learn more on this field.
Vibration Analysis
accuratebalancing.com/9820027242 Vibration Analysis, Site Balancing Laser Alignment Dynamic Balancing
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