Jabatan Kejuruteraan Loji dan Automotif Fakulti Kejuruteraan Mekanikal dan Pembuatan Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia

Tutorial 4 Refrigeration System BDA 3043 Thermodynamics II Winardi Sani

The pressure in the evaporator of an NH3 refrigerator is 1.902 bar and the pressure in the condenser is 12.37 bar. Calculate the refrigerating effect per unit mass of the refrigerant and the COPref for the following cycles: (a) the ideal reversed Carnot cycle (b) dry saturated vapor delivered to the condenser after isentropic compression, and no undercooling of the condensed liquid (c) dry saturated vapor delivered to the compressor where it is compressed isentropically, and no undercooling of the condensed liquid (d) dry saturated vapor delivered to the compressor, and the liquid after condensation undercooled by 10 K.

A plant using R22 has an evaporator saturation temperature of -1 C and a condenser saturation temperature of 45 C. The vapour is dry saturated at entry to the compressor and is at a temperature of 75 C after compression to the condenser pressure. The compressor is a two-stage centrifugal compressor, each stage having the same pressure ratio and enthalpy rise. Assuming no undercooling in the condenser, axial ow of refrigerant into the compressor, radial ow of refrigerant at the impeller exit, and using the properties of R22, calculate: (a) the COP (b) the power input required for a refrigeration capacity of 2 MW (c) the diameter of the impeller in each stage when the rotational speed is 300 rev/min

Refrigerant R134a enters the compressor of a refrigerator as superheated vapor at 0.14 MPa and -10 C at a rate of 0.05 kg/s and leaves at 0.8 MPa and 50 C. The refrigerant is cooled in the condenser to 26 Cand 0.72 MPa and is throttled to 0.15 MPa. Disregarding any heat transfer and pressure drops in the connecting lines between the components, determine: (a) the rate of heat removal from the refrigerated space and the power input to the compressor (b) the isentropic efciency of the compressor (c) the COP of the refrigerator

A two-stage compression refrigeration system operates between the pressure limits of 0.8 and 1.4 MPa. The working uid is R134a. The refrigerant leaves the condenser as a saturated liquid and is throttled to a ash chamber operating at 0.32 MPa. Part of the refrigerant evaporates during this ashing process, and this vapor is mixed with the refrigerant leaving the low-pressure compressor. The mixture is then compressed to the condenser pressure by the high-pressure compressor. The liquid in the ash chamber is throttled to the evaporator pressure

Jabatan Kejuruteraan Loji dan Automotif Fakulti Kejuruteraan Mekanikal dan Pembuatan Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia and cools the refrigerated space as it vaporizes in the evaporator. Assuming the refrigerant leaves the evaporator as a saturated vapor and both compressors are isentropic, determine: (a) the fraction of the refrigerant that evaporates as it is throttled to the ash chamber (b) the amount of heat removed from the refrigerated space (c) the compressor work per unit mass of refrigerant owing through the condenser (d) the COP of the cycle.

Heat pump system

T = 20 o C 5 p = 1 bar
5

return air from house

3 p = 14 bar
3

V = 0.42 m3 /s 5

T6 = 50 C

heated air

6 to house p = 14 bar
o 2 T2 = 75 C compressor
2

valve

T = 28 o C
3

condenser

W12 p = 3.5 bar T = 5o C 1 1

1

p = 3.5 bar
4

evaporator

air exits oC at 12

outside air enters at 0 oC

8 7

A residental heat pump system operating at steady state is shown schematically in the left side. Refrigerant R22 circulates through the components of the system and property data at the numbered states are given on the gure. The compressor operates adiabatically. Let T0 = 273 K, determine: (a) The power required by the compressor, in kW and the isentropic compressor efciency. (b) the COP

inside air Condenser Valve Evaporator

4

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Compressor

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Consider a two-stage cascade refrigeration system operating between the pressure limits of 1.2 MPa and 200 kPa with refrigerant R-134a as the working uid. Heat rejection from the lower cycle to the upper cycle takes place in an adiabatic counterow heat exchanger where the pressure in the upper and lower cycles are 0.4 and 0.5 MPa, respectively. In both cycles, the refrigerant is a saturated liquid at the condenser exit and a saturated vapor at the compressor inlet, and the isentropic efciency of the compressor is 80 %. If the mass ow rate of the refrigerant through the lower cycle is 0.15 kg/s, determine: (a) the mass ow rate of the refrigerant through the upper cycle (b) the rate of heat removal from the refrigerated space (the refrigerating capacity) (c) the COP of this refrigerator.

Jabatan Kejuruteraan Loji dan Automotif Fakulti Kejuruteraan Mekanikal dan Pembuatan Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia

environment 7 High temperature Condenser 6 w c,A

cycle A Heat exchanger 8 Evaporator 5

Condenser 2 w c,B

cycle B

Low temperature Evaporator refrigerated space

Figure 6: Vapor-compression refrigeration system with R134a

Consider a two-stage cascade refrigeration system operating between the pressure limits of 1.2 MPa and 200 kPa with refrigerant R-134a as the working uid. The refrigerant leaves the condenser as saturated liquid and is throttled to a ash chamber operating at 0.45 MPa. Part of the refrigerant evaporates during this ashing process, and this vapor is mixed with the refrigerant leaving the lowpressure compressor. The mixture is the compressed to the condenser pressure by the high-pressure compressor. The liquid in the ash chamber is throttled to the evaporator pressure and cools the refrigerated space as it vaporizes in the evaporator. The mass ow rate of the refrigerant through the low-pressure compressor is 0.15 kg/s. Assuming the refrigerant leaves the evaporator as a saturated vapor and the isentropic efciency is 80% for both compressors, determine: (a) the mass ow rate of the refrigerant through the high-pressure compressor (b) the rate of heat removal from the refrigerated space (the refrigerating capacity) (c) the COP of this refrigerator. (d) the rate of heat removal and the COP if this refrigerator operates on a single-stage cycle between the same pressure limits with the same compressor efciency and the same ow rate in part (a).

Jabatan Kejuruteraan Loji dan Automotif Fakulti Kejuruteraan Mekanikal dan Pembuatan Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia

environment 5 Condenser 4 w c,HP Expansion m 6

valve 6 vapor x . m 3 3 9 direct contact HE

Flash chamber

m liquid 1x 7 7

2 w c,LP

Expansion valve

8 Evaporator refrigerated space