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Madhu GS Name: 1205013001 Roll Number: Project Management Specialization: 03!"#323# $ontact Number:
SYNOPSIS
G%madhuredd&'munna(gmail'com ) Mail:
)* INTRO%(CTION:
)*) +ac,-roun.
* project can be de+ined a% a plan or propo%al, a %cheme or an underta-ing re.uiring concerted e++ort' So+t/are0% are the program%1 routine%1 and %&mbolic language% that control the +unctioning o+ the hard/are and direct it% operation' 2he& are in%truction% +or the computer' * %erie% o+ in%truction% that per+orm% a particular ta%- i% called a 3program'3 2he t/o major categorie% o+ %o+t/are are 3%&%tem %o+t/are3 and 3application %o+t/are'3 S&%tem %o+t/are i% made up o+ control program% %uch a% the operating %&%tem and databa%e management %&%tem 456MS7' *pplication %o+t/are i% an& program that proce%%e% data +or the u%er 4in8entor&1 pa&roll1 %pread%heet1 /ord proce%%or1 etc'7' * common mi%conception i% that %o+t/are i% data' 9t i% not' So+t/are tell% the hard/are ho/ to proce%% the data' So+t/are can al%o be de+ined a% /ritten program% or procedure% or rule% and a%%ociated documentation pertaining to the operation o+ a computer %&%tem and that are %tored in read:/rite memor&' Soft are creation So+t/are i% created /ith programming language% and related utilitie%1 /hich ma& come in %e8eral +orm%: ; ; Single program% li-e %cript interpreter%1 pac-age% containing a compiler1 lin-er1 and other tool%, and <arge %uite% 4o+ten called 9ntegrated 5e8elopment )n8ironment%7 that include editor%1 debugger%1 and other tool% +or multiple language%' So+t/are creation re.uire% concerted e++ort +rom the %o+t/are de8elopment team%' * %o+t/are project team ideall& con%i%t% o+ a team leader1 %o+t/are de8eloper% and %o+t/are
Analysis of Software project time overrun te%ter%' =o/e8er +or a %o+t/are project to be %ucce%%+ul it i% e%%ential that the project i% completed on time and on budget1 /ith all +eature% and +unction% originall& %peci+ied' 2here are a couple o+ metric% +or project %ucce%%:+ailure' Some are binar&1 %ome are .uantitati8e1 and %ome are .ualitati8e' Man& ma& be in+luenced b& out%ide +actor%' Some are not direct indicator%1 but probabl& ha8e a %trong correlation' Some o+ them are: 1' *ctual de8elopment time 8%' projected de8elopment time' 2' *ctual co%t 8% projected co%t 3' Project deplo&ed:introduced1 or cancelled> #' Re8enue1 pro+it1 or producti8it& gain% realized1 8% projected 5' $u%tomer:u%er %ati%+action !' *++ect on reputation o+ compan&:department:project team ?' @ere project %ta++ re/arded 4promoted1 gi8en bonu%e%71 puni%hed 4%ac-ed1 demoted1 gi8en pa&cut%71 or neither>
Analysis of Software project time overrun 0#' 2he %hare o+ %o+t/are %er8ice% in electronic% and 92 %ector ha% gone up +rom 3"'? per cent in 1 "A to !1'" percent in 2003A0#'
)Eport mar-et% continue to dominate the dome%tic %egment' 2he %ize o+ the dome%tic mar-et in %o+t/are relati8e to the eEport mar-et% +or 9ndian %o+t/are1 /hich /a% #5'2 percent in 1 "A 1 a+ter declining rapidl& to 2 '" percent in 2001A021 +ell onl& to 2 '1
percent and 2?'? per cent in the t/o %ub%e.uent &ear%' Galue o+ %o+t/are and %er8ice% eEport i% e%timated to ha8e increa%ed b& 30 percent to DSF12'5 billion in 2003A0#' 2he annual gro/th rate o+ 9ndiaC% %o+t/are eEport% ha% been con%i%tentl& o8er 50 percent %ince 1 again%t the global competition' *ccording to a recent %tud& conducted b& N*SS$BM1 the chamber o+ commerce and 38oice3 o+ the 92 %o+t/are and %er8ice% indu%tr& in 9ndia: 9ndian So+t/are and Ser8ice% )Eport% earned re8enue% o+ DS5 1?'2 billion1 regi%tering gro/th o+ 3#'5 H in IJ 200#A05 2otal %o+t/are and %er8ice% re8enue /ere DS5 22 billion in 200#A05' 5ome%tic mar-et re8enue gre/ up b& 2#H in IJ 0#A05 9ndian So+t/are and Ser8ice% eEport% indu%tr& i% +oreca%ted to regi%ter %trong gro/th o+ around 30A32H in IJ 05A0!' 1' No other 9ndian indu%tr& ha% per+ormed %o /ell
Analysis of Software project time overrun that product %ucce%% i% not e.ual to project %ucce%%' Bne project might be regarded b& management a% a +ailed project' 9t might be %e8eral month% late1 and o8erAbudget1 and /ith %ome initial .ualit& problem%' 2hi% re%earch /or- i% aimed at anal&zing the project %ucce%%:+ailure and not product %ucce%%:+ailure'
Research $etho.olo-y:
i*
2hi% %tud& i% re%tricted to the %o+t/are project% onl&' 2he %tud& doe% not anal&ze the product %ucce%% nor doe% it +ora& into an& other t&pe% o+ project'
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Ty0e of research
2he project emplo&% %&%tematic1 +ormal and de%cripti8e re%earch techni.ue%' 2hi% i% primaril& a .ualitati8e re%earch' 2hi% %tud& i% ba%ed on the data collected through %tructured .ue%tionnaire and inAdepth1 un%tructured and in+ormal inter8ie/ /ith -e& per%onnel'
iii*
%ata Collection
5ata %ource% con%i%ted o+ primar& and %econdar&' Source% o+ primar& data include the So+t/are project lead%1 team lead% and de8eloper% and te%ter% /ith # or more than # &ear% o+ eEperience' * %tructured .ue%tionnaire /a% de8eloped and admini%tered to generate the primar& data' Source% o+ %econdar& data included the in+ormation pro8ided b& 8ariou% teEt boo-%1 magazine% and internet' 9nternet ha% been a major %econdar& %ource +or the eEtraction o+ the eEpert0% opinion'
i#*
Sa"0lin- techni3ue
2he %ampling techni.ue% u%ed are %no/ball %ample techni.ue and %trati+ied %ample techni.ue' 2he re%pondent% +or the %tud& ha8e been %elected ba%ed on the &ear% o+ eEperience and eEperti%e +or the gi8en role' D%ing the%e %elected re%pondent% +urther% contact% /ere e%tabli%hed and then con8erted into re%pondent%'
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Sa"0le Si4e
2he compo%ition o+ the %tud& %ample con%i%ted o+ So+t/are project lead%1 team lead% and de8eloper% and te%ter% /ith # or more than # &ear% o+ eEperience' 2he re%pondent% /hom /e ha8e approached are 52 in number'
Analysis of Software project time overrun and 92 magazine%1 teEtboo-% and lot o+ other rele8ant magazine% and journal%' 9n+ormation on %o+t/are project time o8errun% /a% mo%tl& a8ailable on the /eb%ite%, lot% o+ article% and pre%entation% on the /eb %ite% /ere anal&zed and u%ed in the re%earch +or better under%tanding o+ the topic' 4* li%t o+ /eb%ite% ha% been pro8ided in the anneEure'7 Ho to +e A-ile 2hi% article tal-% about the 8ariou% +actor% that can re%ult in project %ucce%%' 2he%e are %la%h the budget, i+ it doe%nCt /or-1 -ill it, -eep re.uirement% to a minimum, build on %ucce%%1 not hope, -eep &our de8elopment team% %mall, and a%%ign nonAit eEecuti8e% to %o+t/are project%'
Pro!ect "ana-e"ent: the criteria for success *% compared to the project% in 1 #1 the project% in 2000 /ere more %ucce%%+ul in term%
o+ completion /ithin budget1 on time and /ith +eature% originall& re.uired' 2he article +urther goe% on to tell that there are 10 +actor% that contribute to a project% %ucce%%' *lthough no project re.uire% all 10 +actor% to be %ucce%%+ul1 the more +actor% pre%ent in the project %trateg&1 the higher i% the con+idence le8el' 2he%e +actor% are eEecuti8e %upport1 u%er in8ol8ement%1 eEperienced project manager1 clear bu%ine%% objecti8e%1 and minimized %cope1 %tandard %o+t/are in+ra%tructure1 +irm ba%ic re.uirement%1 +ormal methodolog&1 reliable e%timate% and other%' Failure Statistics 2he project %ucce%% rate% +or large %o+t/are companie% /ere the lea%t /hen compared to that o+ the medium and %mall %o+t/are companie%' 2he major rea%on +or the +ailure% being project re%tart% that cau%e both co%t and time o8errun%' *gain the co%t and time o8errun% /ere more +or the large companie% than the medium and %mall companie%' Failure Rate 2he %tati%tic% pre%ented in thi% article all con8erge to e%tabli%h that: Y Y *n 92 project i% more li-el& to be un%ucce%%+ul than %ucce%%+ul *bout 1 out o+ 5 92 project% i% li-el& to bring +ull %ati%+action
Analysis of Software project time overrun Y 2he larger the project the more li-el& the +ailure'
Select 1i1lio-ra0hy
+oo,s
1' O6u%ine%% Re%earch Method%P b& 5onald R' $ooper and Pamela S' Schindler1 b& 2ata McGra/A=ill Publication 2' OS&%tem% *nal&%i% and 5e%ign Method%P b& Me++er& <' @hitten1 <onnie 5' 3' 6entle& and Ne8in $' 5ittman b& 2ata McGra/A=ill Publication'
9e1sites surfe.
1' ///'google'com 2' ///'%tandi%hgroup'com 3' ///'carolla'com #' ///'itAcorteE'com