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Analysis of Software project time overrun

PROJECT
Madhu GS Name: 1205013001 Roll Number: Project Management Specialization: 03!"#323# $ontact Number:

SYNOPSIS

G%madhuredd&'munna(gmail'com ) Mail:

TITLE OF THE PROJECT:

Analysis of factors that cause Soft are Pro!ect Ti"e O#errun


NA$E AN% %ESI&NATION OF THE OR&ANI'ATION &(I%E: NA$E AN% %ESI&NATION OF THE ACA%E$IC &(I%E:

Analysis of Software project time overrun

)* INTRO%(CTION:

)*) +ac,-roun.
* project can be de+ined a% a plan or propo%al, a %cheme or an underta-ing re.uiring concerted e++ort' So+t/are0% are the program%1 routine%1 and %&mbolic language% that control the +unctioning o+ the hard/are and direct it% operation' 2he& are in%truction% +or the computer' * %erie% o+ in%truction% that per+orm% a particular ta%- i% called a 3program'3 2he t/o major categorie% o+ %o+t/are are 3%&%tem %o+t/are3 and 3application %o+t/are'3 S&%tem %o+t/are i% made up o+ control program% %uch a% the operating %&%tem and databa%e management %&%tem 456MS7' *pplication %o+t/are i% an& program that proce%%e% data +or the u%er 4in8entor&1 pa&roll1 %pread%heet1 /ord proce%%or1 etc'7' * common mi%conception i% that %o+t/are i% data' 9t i% not' So+t/are tell% the hard/are ho/ to proce%% the data' So+t/are can al%o be de+ined a% /ritten program% or procedure% or rule% and a%%ociated documentation pertaining to the operation o+ a computer %&%tem and that are %tored in read:/rite memor&' Soft are creation So+t/are i% created /ith programming language% and related utilitie%1 /hich ma& come in %e8eral +orm%: ; ; Single program% li-e %cript interpreter%1 pac-age% containing a compiler1 lin-er1 and other tool%, and <arge %uite% 4o+ten called 9ntegrated 5e8elopment )n8ironment%7 that include editor%1 debugger%1 and other tool% +or multiple language%' So+t/are creation re.uire% concerted e++ort +rom the %o+t/are de8elopment team%' * %o+t/are project team ideall& con%i%t% o+ a team leader1 %o+t/are de8eloper% and %o+t/are

Analysis of Software project time overrun te%ter%' =o/e8er +or a %o+t/are project to be %ucce%%+ul it i% e%%ential that the project i% completed on time and on budget1 /ith all +eature% and +unction% originall& %peci+ied' 2here are a couple o+ metric% +or project %ucce%%:+ailure' Some are binar&1 %ome are .uantitati8e1 and %ome are .ualitati8e' Man& ma& be in+luenced b& out%ide +actor%' Some are not direct indicator%1 but probabl& ha8e a %trong correlation' Some o+ them are: 1' *ctual de8elopment time 8%' projected de8elopment time' 2' *ctual co%t 8% projected co%t 3' Project deplo&ed:introduced1 or cancelled> #' Re8enue1 pro+it1 or producti8it& gain% realized1 8% projected 5' $u%tomer:u%er %ati%+action !' *++ect on reputation o+ compan&:department:project team ?' @ere project %ta++ re/arded 4promoted1 gi8en bonu%e%71 puni%hed 4%ac-ed1 demoted1 gi8en pa&cut%71 or neither>

)*/ Infor"ation Technolo-y In.ustry in In.ia


2he 8i%ion o+ 92 polic& i% to u%e 92 a% a tool +or rai%ing the li8ing %tandard% o+ the common man and enriching their li8e%' 2hough1 urban 9ndia ha% a high internet den%it&1 the go8ernment al%o /ant% P$ and 9nternet penetration in the rural 9ndia' 9n in+ormation technolog& 49271 9ndia ha% built up 8aluable brand e.uit& in the global mar-et%' 9n 92A enabled %er8ice% 492)S71 9ndia ha% emerged a% the mo%t pre+erred de%tination +or bu%ine%% proce%% out%ourcing 46PB71 a -e& dri8er o+ gro/th +or the %o+t/are indu%tr& and the %er8ice% %ector' 9ndiaC% mo%t prized re%ource in toda&C% -no/ledge econom& i% it% readil& a8ailable technical /or- +orce' 9ndia ha% the %econd large%t )ngli%hA%pea-ing %cienti+ic pro+e%%ional% in the /orld1 %econd onl& to the D'S' *ccording the data +rom mini%tr& o+ communication and in+ormation technolog&1 the 92)SA6PB indu%tr& ha% gro/n b& about 5# per cent /ith eEport earning% o+ DSF 3'! billion during 2003A0#' Butput o+ the 9ndian electronic% and 92 indu%tr& ha8e gro/n b& 1"'2 per cent to R%'111#1!50 crore in 2003A

Analysis of Software project time overrun 0#' 2he %hare o+ %o+t/are %er8ice% in electronic% and 92 %ector ha% gone up +rom 3"'? per cent in 1 "A to !1'" percent in 2003A0#'

)Eport mar-et% continue to dominate the dome%tic %egment' 2he %ize o+ the dome%tic mar-et in %o+t/are relati8e to the eEport mar-et% +or 9ndian %o+t/are1 /hich /a% #5'2 percent in 1 "A 1 a+ter declining rapidl& to 2 '" percent in 2001A021 +ell onl& to 2 '1

percent and 2?'? per cent in the t/o %ub%e.uent &ear%' Galue o+ %o+t/are and %er8ice% eEport i% e%timated to ha8e increa%ed b& 30 percent to DSF12'5 billion in 2003A0#' 2he annual gro/th rate o+ 9ndiaC% %o+t/are eEport% ha% been con%i%tentl& o8er 50 percent %ince 1 again%t the global competition' *ccording to a recent %tud& conducted b& N*SS$BM1 the chamber o+ commerce and 38oice3 o+ the 92 %o+t/are and %er8ice% indu%tr& in 9ndia: 9ndian So+t/are and Ser8ice% )Eport% earned re8enue% o+ DS5 1?'2 billion1 regi%tering gro/th o+ 3#'5 H in IJ 200#A05 2otal %o+t/are and %er8ice% re8enue /ere DS5 22 billion in 200#A05' 5ome%tic mar-et re8enue gre/ up b& 2#H in IJ 0#A05 9ndian So+t/are and Ser8ice% eEport% indu%tr& i% +oreca%ted to regi%ter %trong gro/th o+ around 30A32H in IJ 05A0!' 1' No other 9ndian indu%tr& ha% per+ormed %o /ell

/* RESEARCH $ETHO%OLO&Y: /*) State"ent of the 0ro1le"


2he abo8e bac-ground %ho/% that there eEi%t% a re%earch gap' 2he abo8e mentioned data pertain% to the &ear 2000' No +re%h data on the +ailure rate% o+ 8ariou% %o+t/are project% i% a8ailable neither ha% much /or- been done to anal&ze the 8ariou% rea%on% that cau%e the%e +ailure%' 9n 8ie/ o+ thi% +act1 thi% re%earch /or- i% aimed to anal&ze the +actor% that cau%e %o+t/are project time o8errun% and to pro8ide recommendation to o8ercome or mitigate the e++ect o+ %ome o+ the identi+ied +actor% on %o+t/are project' =o/e8er it %hould be borne in mind

Analysis of Software project time overrun that product %ucce%% i% not e.ual to project %ucce%%' Bne project might be regarded b& management a% a +ailed project' 9t might be %e8eral month% late1 and o8erAbudget1 and /ith %ome initial .ualit& problem%' 2hi% re%earch /or- i% aimed at anal&zing the project %ucce%%:+ailure and not product %ucce%%:+ailure'

/*/ O1!ecti#es of the stu.y


2he main objecti8e% o+ thi% %tud& are a% +ollo/%: i' 2o anal&ze the 8ariou% rea%on% +or %o+t/are project time o8errun% that cau%e project +ailure%' ii' 2o pro8ide recommendation% to o8ercome the identi+ied +ailure +actor%'

/*2 Nee. an. si-nificance of the stu.y


*% per the Standi%h Group0% %tud& o+ 20001 onl& 2"H o+ the %o+t/are project% %ucceeded1 # H /a% challenged and the re%t +ailed' 6ut that /a% the %cenario 5 &ear% bac-' 9t i% e%%ential to +ind out the %cenario pre8ailing toda&' 2he %igni+icance o+ thi% %tud& lie% in the amount o+ mone& that %o+t/are companie% are %pending on project +ailure%' 2he co%t o+ the%e +ailure% and o8errun% are ju%t the tip o+ the pro8erbial iceberg' 2he lo%t opportunit& co%t% are not mea%urable1 but could ea%il& be in the trillion% o+ dollar%' Iurthermore %uch +ailure% and o8errun% hamper the image o+ the compan& in toda&0% competiti8e mar-et and reduce the le8el o+ cu%tomer %ati%+action' =ence it i% e%%ential to +ind out the %ucce%% rate o+ %o+t/are project% in toda&0% date1 e%tabli%h ho/ much co%t and time o8errun% are happening e8en toda& and /hat can be done to pre8ent or minimize %uch o8errun%' =o/e8er due to time and re%ource con%traint%1 thi% %tud& i% +ocu%ed mainl& on anal&zing the 8ariou% rea%on% that cau%e %o+t/are project time o8errun% and to pro8ide recommendation to o8ercome or mitigate %ome o+ the%e rea%on%' 2'#

Research $etho.olo-y:

Analysis of Software project time overrun

i*

Sco0e of the Stu.y

2hi% %tud& i% re%tricted to the %o+t/are project% onl&' 2he %tud& doe% not anal&ze the product %ucce%% nor doe% it +ora& into an& other t&pe% o+ project'

ii*

Ty0e of research
2he project emplo&% %&%tematic1 +ormal and de%cripti8e re%earch techni.ue%' 2hi% i% primaril& a .ualitati8e re%earch' 2hi% %tud& i% ba%ed on the data collected through %tructured .ue%tionnaire and inAdepth1 un%tructured and in+ormal inter8ie/ /ith -e& per%onnel'

iii*

%ata Collection
5ata %ource% con%i%ted o+ primar& and %econdar&' Source% o+ primar& data include the So+t/are project lead%1 team lead% and de8eloper% and te%ter% /ith # or more than # &ear% o+ eEperience' * %tructured .ue%tionnaire /a% de8eloped and admini%tered to generate the primar& data' Source% o+ %econdar& data included the in+ormation pro8ided b& 8ariou% teEt boo-%1 magazine% and internet' 9nternet ha% been a major %econdar& %ource +or the eEtraction o+ the eEpert0% opinion'

i#*

Sa"0lin- techni3ue

2he %ampling techni.ue% u%ed are %no/ball %ample techni.ue and %trati+ied %ample techni.ue' 2he re%pondent% +or the %tud& ha8e been %elected ba%ed on the &ear% o+ eEperience and eEperti%e +or the gi8en role' D%ing the%e %elected re%pondent% +urther% contact% /ere e%tabli%hed and then con8erted into re%pondent%'

#*

Sa"0le Si4e

2he compo%ition o+ the %tud& %ample con%i%ted o+ So+t/are project lead%1 team lead% and de8eloper% and te%ter% /ith # or more than # &ear% o+ eEperience' 2he re%pondent% /hom /e ha8e approached are 52 in number'

Analysis of Software project time overrun

2* TOOLS 5 TECHNI6(ES TO +E (SE% FOR %ATA ANALYSIS:

2*) Instru"entation Techni3ues


Structured Kue%tionnaire: 2he primar& data ha% been collected through %tructured Kue%tionnaire%1 /hich /ere admini%tered to the re%pondent%' Bne %et o+ Kue%tionnaire ha% been de8eloped to identi+& the +actor% that cau%e project time o8errun%'

2*/ Tools for .ata analysis


Since our re%earch topic i% highl& .ualitati8e in nature1 /e are prompted to u%e %imple percentage% %o a% to enable the data to be more %uccinct and amenable +or ea%& interpretation' @e belie8e that %imple treatment o+ data /ill be more u%e+ul in dra/ing in+erence% +rom the data'

7* LITERAT(RE RE8IE95RELATE% RESEARCH O(TCO$ES

7*) Pur0ose of literature re#ie


<iterature i% re8ie/ed to eEplore the hi%torical and current %cenario o+ %o+t/are project% and a% a /hole to under%tand the %o+t/are project management' B8er and abo8e1 the purpo%e o+ the literature re8ie/ i% to under%tand in totalit& the +oundation o+ the re%earch problem1 under%tand the data that ha% been gathered in the +ield o+ %tud& and to ma-e ne/ +inding% on the problem %tatement' 2he ab%tract% in the +ollo/ing page% are %ome o+ the -e& literature re8ie/ed in thi% project'

7*/ $etho.olo-y of literature re#ie


5i++erent %ource% u%ed in order to collect in+ormation or data are L 9nternet L Magazine% and Mournal% L Publication% L *rticle% 2hi% encompa%%e% di++erent +acet% o+ in+ormation %ource% concerning the identi+ication o+ 8ariou% rea%on% behind %o+t/are project time o8errun%' 9t %tarted /ith %earch in $omputer

Analysis of Software project time overrun and 92 magazine%1 teEtboo-% and lot o+ other rele8ant magazine% and journal%' 9n+ormation on %o+t/are project time o8errun% /a% mo%tl& a8ailable on the /eb%ite%, lot% o+ article% and pre%entation% on the /eb %ite% /ere anal&zed and u%ed in the re%earch +or better under%tanding o+ the topic' 4* li%t o+ /eb%ite% ha% been pro8ided in the anneEure'7 Ho to +e A-ile 2hi% article tal-% about the 8ariou% +actor% that can re%ult in project %ucce%%' 2he%e are %la%h the budget, i+ it doe%nCt /or-1 -ill it, -eep re.uirement% to a minimum, build on %ucce%%1 not hope, -eep &our de8elopment team% %mall, and a%%ign nonAit eEecuti8e% to %o+t/are project%'

Pro!ect "ana-e"ent: the criteria for success *% compared to the project% in 1 #1 the project% in 2000 /ere more %ucce%%+ul in term%

o+ completion /ithin budget1 on time and /ith +eature% originall& re.uired' 2he article +urther goe% on to tell that there are 10 +actor% that contribute to a project% %ucce%%' *lthough no project re.uire% all 10 +actor% to be %ucce%%+ul1 the more +actor% pre%ent in the project %trateg&1 the higher i% the con+idence le8el' 2he%e +actor% are eEecuti8e %upport1 u%er in8ol8ement%1 eEperienced project manager1 clear bu%ine%% objecti8e%1 and minimized %cope1 %tandard %o+t/are in+ra%tructure1 +irm ba%ic re.uirement%1 +ormal methodolog&1 reliable e%timate% and other%' Failure Statistics 2he project %ucce%% rate% +or large %o+t/are companie% /ere the lea%t /hen compared to that o+ the medium and %mall %o+t/are companie%' 2he major rea%on +or the +ailure% being project re%tart% that cau%e both co%t and time o8errun%' *gain the co%t and time o8errun% /ere more +or the large companie% than the medium and %mall companie%' Failure Rate 2he %tati%tic% pre%ented in thi% article all con8erge to e%tabli%h that: Y Y *n 92 project i% more li-el& to be un%ucce%%+ul than %ucce%%+ul *bout 1 out o+ 5 92 project% i% li-el& to bring +ull %ati%+action

Analysis of Software project time overrun Y 2he larger the project the more li-el& the +ailure'

The OASI& Stu.y :);;<=


2hi% %tud& ha% been underta-en under the au%pice% o+ OASI&1 a Special 9ntere%t Group in the DN concerned /ith the Brganizational *%pect% o+ 9n+ormation 2echnolog&'

Analysis of Software project time overrun

Select 1i1lio-ra0hy

+oo,s
1' O6u%ine%% Re%earch Method%P b& 5onald R' $ooper and Pamela S' Schindler1 b& 2ata McGra/A=ill Publication 2' OS&%tem% *nal&%i% and 5e%ign Method%P b& Me++er& <' @hitten1 <onnie 5' 3' 6entle& and Ne8in $' 5ittman b& 2ata McGra/A=ill Publication'

$a-a4ines an. Journals


1' P $ Kue%t1 Mune 2005' 2' So+t/are Magazine 4Iebruar&:March 20017'

9e1sites surfe.
1' ///'google'com 2' ///'%tandi%hgroup'com 3' ///'carolla'com #' ///'itAcorteE'com

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