Lecture of Mr. John Torres Philippine Government and Constitution Social
Science-I (1987 PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTION) INTRODUCTION !"## %& '"()*+ Ve bolJ tbese trutbs to be socreJ onJ unJenioble, tbot oll men ore creoteJ equol onJ inJepenJent, tbot from tbot equol creotion tbey Jerive riqbts inberent onJ inolienoble, omonqst wbicb ore tbe preservotion of life, liberty, onJ tbe pursuit of boppiness" ,*-./01 234351.6
Tle Bill of Riglis is a siaiemeni of individual libeiiies, fieedoms and iiglis wlicl iesidenis and sojouineis in ile Plilippines, Filipino oi foieignei, enjoy againsi exeiiion of goveinmeni powei. Ii is a pioieciion insialled by ile Consiiiuiion in favoi of individuals againsi possible abuses and aibiiiaiiness in ile exeicise of powei by ile goveinmeni, 7'%*89*"%: ;(;":+* *)8 +*;*8 ! Ii is noi meani againsi acis of piivaie individuals. ! Iis concein is noi ile ielaiionslip beiween individuals.
CLASSES OF RIGHTS ! Naiuial ! Consiiiuiional ! Siaiuioiy NATURAL RIGHTS ! Rigli possessed by ciiizens wiiloui being gianied by ile Siaie, given by God
! Ex: iigli io live and iigli io love! CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS ! Riglis ilai aie pioiecied by Consiiiuiion
! Tley cannoi be ialen by law maling body oi modifed STATUTORY RIGHTS ! Riglis cieaied by law maling body, bui may also be abolisled by ile same body ! Ex: minimum wage and iigli io inleiii piopeiiy CLASSIFICATION OF CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS ! Poliiical ! Civil ! Social, economic and culiuial ! Riglis of accused POLITICAL RIGHTS ! Riglis given io ciiizens io paiiicipaie diiecily oi indiiecily in ile esiablislmeni oi adminisiiaiion of goveinmeni
! Ex: Rigli of ciiizen (Aii. (), Rigli of suiage (Aii. ) and Rigli io infoimaiion (Aii. y) CIVIL RIGHTS ! Tlese iiglis aie laws ilai enfoice ai ile insiance of piivaie individuals foi ile puipose of secuiing means of lappiness ! Ex: Fieedom of speecl, expiession, piess, iigli io assembly and peiiiion and ile iigli io foim associaiions aie civil iigli bui become paii of poliiical iiglis wlen used io paiiicipaie in goveinmeni SOCIAL, ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL RIGHTS ! Ensuies economic secuiiiy of ciiizens ! Rigli io piopeiiy, jusi compensaiion, piivaie piopeiiy, conseivaiion of enviionmeni, piomoiion of educaiion, science, ieclnology, aiis and culiuie RIGHTS OF ACCUSED ! Riglis io pioieci ile accused of any ciime lile piesumpiion io innocence; iigli io impaiiial, speedy and public iiial and ile iigli againsi ciuel, degiading oi inluman punislmeni STATE AUTHORITY AND INDIVIDUAL FREEDOM i) Tle Siaie is an insiiumeni io enable boil ile individual and socieiy iogeilei io aiiain ileii gieaiei lappiness, piogiess and welfaie CONFLICT BETWEEN INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS AND GROUP WELFARE ! :) Goveinmeni is cieaied io pioieci individuals and ai ile same iime pioieci ile geneial welfaie ROLE OF }UDICIARY ! ) Tleie could be no absoluie powei wloevei exeicises ii, same as no absoluie libeiiy wlicl means license and anaicly ! Tle Supieme Couii aci as aibiieis of ile limiis of goveinmenial poweis especially in ielaiion io individual iiglis ;'*"9#8,"""< +89*"%:,= No person sboll be JepriveJ of life, liberty or property witbout Jue process of low, nor sboll ony person be JenieJ tbe equol protection of tbe lows. Lecture of Mr. John Torres Philippine Government and Constitution Social Science-I ;'*"9#8,"""< +89*"%:,= ! life - is not limiteJ to tbe literol meoninq of life. lt incluJes tbe riqbt of inJiviJuol to its boJy i n i ts compl eteness, f ree f rom Jismemberment, onJ extenJs to GoJ-qiven foculties wbicb mokes life enjoyoble. ! liberty - tbe riqbt to exist onJ riqbt to be free from personol restroint or servituJe, tbe riqbt to controct, tbe riqbt to cboose ones employment, tbe riqbt to lobor etc. Lecture of Mr. John Torres Philippine Government and Constitution Social Science-I ;'*"9#8,"""< +89*"%:,= ! Property - refers to onytbinq tbot con come unJer tbe riqbt of ownersbip onJ be subject of controct.
Lecture of Mr. John Torres Philippine Government and Constitution Social Science-I Due Process of Law lt is o leqol moxims wbicb beors before it conJemns onJ renJers juJqment only ofter triol. ;'*"9#8,"""< +89*"%:,= Lecture of Mr. John Torres Philippine Government and Constitution Social Science-I Two (:) Aspects of Due Process i. ProceJurol Due Process - Tbe monner or proceJure wbicb must be followeJ in tbe enforcement or opplicotion of low. :. Substontive Due Process - Tbis meons tbot tbe low to be opplieJ is voliJ, just onJ not orbitrory.
;'*"9#8,"""< +89*"%:,= Lecture of Mr. John Torres Philippine Government and Constitution Social Science-I Equal Protection of Law It means that all persons or things similarly situated should be treated alike both as to rights conferred and responsibilities imposed. ARTICLE III, SECTION :
! Tle iigli of ile people io be secuie in ileii peisons, louses, papeis and eecis againsi unieasonable seaicles and seizuies of wlaievei naiuie and foi any puipose slall be inviolable and no seaicl waiiani oi waiiani of aiiesi slall issue excepi upon piobable cause io be deieimined peisonally by ile judge afiei examinaiion undei oail oi aimaiion of ile complainani and ile wiinesses le may pioduce, paiiiculaily desciibing ile place io be seaicled and ile peisons oi ilings io be seized. Lecture of Mr. John Torres ;'*"9#8,"""< +89*"%:,> " A VoliJ Seorcb Vorront onJ worront of Arrest must bove !"#$%$&' )%*+'. # !"#$%$&' )%*+' - meons tbere ore focts onJ circumstonces ottenJinq tbe issuonce of worront su[cient to inJuce o pruJent onJ coutious juJqe to rely on tbem. # Tbe Proboble Couse must be JetermineJ personolly by tbe juJqe. # Tbe Vorront must porticulorly Jescribe tbe ploce to be seorcbeJ, or tbe person or tbinqs to be seizeJ. ;'*"9#8,"""< +89*"%:,> " Seorcb onJ Seizures con be moJe witbout Vorront in tbe followinq instonces. o. Vben tbere is consent or woiver - tbot is if o Peoce O[cer bos been qronteJ consent to enter tbe premise of onotber for tbe purpose of seorcb onJ seizure, b. Vbere seorcb is on inciJent to o lowful orrest - soy, o pickpocket couqbt in oqronte Jelicto, con be seorcbeJ for bis loot, c. Vben on o[cer mokinq tbe seorcb bos reosonoble couse to conJuct it in o vebicle believeJ to be contoininq controbonJ or forfeiteJ qooJs - becouse tbe vebicle con qet owoy before o worront is secureJ. J. Vben tbe possession of orticles probibiteJ by low is JiscloseJ to ploin view (ploin view rule) ;'*"9#8,"""< +89*"%:,> " ,#-'.
$ lnspection conJucteJ by Heoltb onJ Sonitory inspectors in restouronts in tbe exercise of stote police power in view of enforcinq lows on public beoltb or by lobor inspectors of componies octinq on o comploints of its workers for possible violotion of lobor lows onJ tbe Bureou of lnternol Revenue exominer of fnonciol recorJs of componies, neeJ not bove worront. Tbe some is true of routinory seorcbes moJe ot tbe borJer or ports of entry in tbe interest of notionol secuirty ;'*"9#8,"""< +89*"%:,> Lecture of Mr. John Torres Philippine Government and Constitution Social Science-I # A privote inJiviJuol con orrest o criminol even witbout o worront, tbis is colleJ )./.01, 23314/.
?;'';:*#8++ ;''8+* Lecture of Mr. John Torres Philippine Government and Constitution Social Science-I Vorrontless Arrest is olloweJ unJer tbe followinq circumstonces. i. Floqronte Delicto (Couqbt in tbe Act), :. Hot Pursuit Operotion, . Arrest of Fuqitive. ?;'';:*#8++ ;''8+* Lecture of Mr. John Torres Philippine Government and Constitution Social Science-I i. Floqronte Delicto (Couqbt in tbe Act) # Person to be orresteJ bos committeJ, is octuolly committinq, is ottemptinq to commit on o[ense, # Sucb commission is in tbe presence of tbe orrestinq inJiviJuol, # Arrestinq inJiviJuol bos personol knowleJqe of sucb commission. ?;'';:*#8++ ;''8+* Lecture of Mr. John Torres Philippine Government and Constitution Social Science-I ,#-' . ()#556++6#7 #8 % )"65') # One person con orrest o person, wbo bos stobbeJ onJ killeJ onotber in bis presence since tbe person to be orresteJ bos committeJ tbe crime of bomiciJe. # One con orrest o person, wbo witb intent to kill, is stobbinq onotber in bis presence since tbe person to be orresteJ is octuolly committinq tbe crime of bomiciJe. # On con orrest o person, wbo witb intent to kill is obout to stob onotber in bis presence since tbe person to be orresteJ is ottemptinq to commit tbe crime of bomiciJe. ?;'';:*#8++ ;''8+* Lecture of Mr. John Torres Philippine Government and Constitution Social Science-I :. Hot Pursuit - Hot Pursuit Arrest tokes e[ect wben o crime bos just in foct been committeJ onJ tbe orrestinq o[cer or privote inJiviJuol bos proboble couse to believe boseJ on personol focts or circumstonces tbot tbe person to be orresteJ bos committeJ it. Elements of Hot Pursuit Arrest. l. Time Element - tbot on o[ense bos just been committeJ, wbicb connotes on immeJiocy in point of time. ll. Personol KnowleJqe - tbot tbe orrestinq o[cer or inJiviJuol must bove proboble couse boseJ on personol knowleJqe of foct or circumstonces tbot tbe person to be orresteJ bos committeJ tbe crime. Lecture of Mr. John Torres Philippine Government and Constitution Social Science-I ,#-' . ()#7-67*679 )"65' :#;-"67') # Rebellion is o continuinq crime. lf one bos been o rebel since i88, be is continuously committinq tbe crime of rebellion from i88 up to tbe present. Tbus, police o[cers or militory men wbo bove proboble couse to believe tbot tbe person to be orresteJ is o rebel, con moke o worrontless orrest even if tbe rebel is not Joinq on oct in furtberonce of rebellion. Even if tbe rebel is just sleepinq, wotcbinq tv or tokinq o botb ot tbe time of tbe orrest, tbe worrontless orrest is lowful since tbe suspect is JeemeJ couqbt in tbe oct of committinq tbe crime of rebellion. ?05506@A311 ;5531@ ?;'';:*#8++ ;''8+* Lecture of Mr. John Torres Philippine Government and Constitution Social Science-I . Arrest of Fuqitive - Vben o person to be orresteJ is o prisoner wbo escopeJ from o penol estoblisbment or ploce wbere be is servinq fnol juJqment or tempororily confneJ wbile bis cose is penJinq or bos escopeJ wbile beinq tronsferreJ from one confnement to onotber. ;'*"9#8,"""< +89*"%:,B Tbe Privocy of communicotion onJ corresponJence sboll be invioloble except upon lowful orJer of tbe court, or wben public sofety or orJer requires otberwise os prescribeJ by low. Lecture of Mr. John Torres Philippine Government and Constitution Social Science-I ;'*"9#8,"""< +89*"%:,B ! Explonotion. Lecture of Mr. John Torres Philippine Government and Constitution Social Science-I # Every person bos tbe riqbt to keep bis communicotion or corresponJence o secret. His communicotion witb otbers by pbone or by letter is o personol or privote motter tbot noboJy sboulJ intruJe upon. # But tbis riqbt con be lowfully suspenJeJ upon orJer of tbe court if tbe sofety onJ security of tbe people is ot stoke. ;'*"9#8,"""< +89*"%:,C No low sboll be posseJ obriJqinq t be f r e e Jom of s pe e cb, of expression, or of tbe press or tbe riqbt of tbe people peoceobly to os s e mbl e onJ pe t i t i on t be qov e r nme nt f or r e Jr e s s of qrievonces. Lecture of Mr. John Torres Philippine Government and Constitution Social Science-I ;'*"9#8,"""< +89*"%:,C i. FreeJom of Speecb, :. Riqbt to o Free Press, . FreeJom of Assembly, . Tbe Riqbt of Petition. Lecture of Mr. John Torres Philippine Government and Constitution Social Science-I # <#*" =>? .5@#"-%7- 369A-+ 15$#B6'B 67 2"-6;&' ...C 4';-6#7 >D ;'*"9#8,"""< +89*"%:,D No low sboll be moJe respectinq on estoblisbment of reliqion, or probibitinq tbe free exercise tbereof. Tbe free exercise onJ enjoyment of reliqious profession onJ worsbip, witbout Jiscriminotion or preference, sboll forever be olloweJ. No reliqious tests sboll be olloweJ for tbe exercise of civil or politicol riqbts.. Lecture of Mr. John Torres Philippine Government and Constitution Social Science-I ;'*"9#8,"""< +89*"%:,E Tbe liberty of oboJe onJ of cbonqinq tbe some witbin tbe limits prescribeJ by low sboll not be impoireJ except upon lowful orJer of tbe court. Tbe riqbt to trovel sboll not impoireJ except in tbe interest of notionol security, public sofety, or public beoltb, os moy be proviJeJ by low Lecture of Mr. John Torres Philippine Government and Constitution Social Science-I ;'*"9#8,"""< +89*"%:,F (RIGHT TO INFORMATION) Lecture of Mr. John Torres Philippine Government and Constitution Social Science-I Tbe riqbt of tbe people to informotion on motters of public concern sboll be recoqnizeJ. Access to o[ciol recorJs, onJ to Jocuments, onJ popers pertoininq to o[ciol octs, tronsoctions, or Jecisions, os well os to qovernment reseorcb Joto useJ os bosis for policy Jevelopment sboll be o[orJeJ to tbe citizens, subject to sucb limitotions os moy be proviJeJ by low. Lecture of Mr. John Torres Philippine Government and Constitution Social Science-I FreeJom of tbe Press onJ freeJom of occess to informotion beorinq on qovernmentol Jecision ore funJomentol elements of !#@*&%" 4#E'"'697-F. % People bove occess to public recorJs sucb os recorJs of o cose in court subject to reosonoble rules onJ requlotions, except wben it is very cleor tbot tbe purpose of exominotion of public recorJ is unlowful, sbeer or iJle curiosity. lt is not tbe Juty of tbe custoJions of tbe recorJs to concern tbemselves witb tbe motives, reosons, onJ objects of tbe person seekinq occess to sucb Jocuments or informotion. ;'*"9#8,"""< +89*"%:,G (THE RIGHT TO FORM UNION) Lecture of Mr. John Torres Philippine Government and Constitution Social Science-I Tbe riqbt of tbe people, incluJinq tbose employeJ in tbe public onJ privote sectors, to form unions, ossociotions, or societies for purposes not controry to low sboll not be obriJqeJ. ;'*"9#8,"""< +89*"%:,H (THE RIGHT TO }UST COMPENSATION) Lecture of Mr. John Torres Philippine Government and Constitution Social Science-I Privote property sboll not be token for public use witbout just compensotion. ;'*"9#8,"""< +89*"%:,=I (NON-IMPAIRMENT CLAUSE) Lecture of Mr. John Torres Philippine Government and Constitution Social Science-I No low impoirinq tbe obliqotion of controcts sboll be posseJ. ;'*"9#8,"""< +89*"%:,== (FREE ACCESS TO COURT) Lecture of Mr. John Torres Philippine Government and Constitution Social Science-I Free occess to courts onJ quosi-juJiciol boJies onJ oJequote leqol ossistonce sboll not be JenieJ to ony person by reoson of poverty. ;'*"9#8,"""< +89*"%:,=> (RIGHT OF PERSON UNDER CUSTODIAL INVESTIGATION) Lecture of Mr. John Torres Philippine Government and Constitution Social Science-I (i) Any person unJer investiqotion for tbe commission of on o[ense sboll bove tbe riqbt to be informeJ of bis riqbt to remoin silent onJ to bove competent onJ inJepenJent counsel preferobly of bis own cboice. lf tbe person connot o[orJ tbe services of counsel, be must be proviJeJ witb one. Tbese riqbts connot be woiveJ except in writinq onJ in tbe presence of counsel. ;'*"9#8,"""< +89*"%:,=> (RIGHT OF PERSON UNDER CUSTODIAL INVESTIGATION) Lecture of Mr. John Torres Philippine Government and Constitution Social Science-I (:) No torture, force, violence, tbreot, intimiJotion, or ony otber meons wbicb vitiote tbe free sboll be useJ oqoinst bim. Secret Jetention ploces, solitory, incommunicoJo or otber similor forms of Jetention ore probibiteJ. ;'*"9#8,"""< +89*"%:,=> (RIGHT OF PERSON UNDER CUSTODIAL INVESTIGATION) Lecture of Mr. John Torres Philippine Government and Constitution Social Science-I () Any confession or oJmission obtoineJ in violotion of tbis or Section i, bereof sboll be inoJmissible in eviJence oqoinst bim. ;'*"9#8,"""< +89*"%:,=> (RIGHT OF PERSON UNDER CUSTODIAL INVESTIGATION) Lecture of Mr. John Torres Philippine Government and Constitution Social Science-I () Tbe low sboll proviJe for penol onJ civil sonctions for violotions of tbis section os well os compensotion to onJ rebobilitotion of victims of torture or similor proctices, onJ tbeir fomilies.
;'*"9#8,"""< +89*"%:,=B (THE RIGHT TO BAIL 8 AGAINST EXCESSIVE BAIL) Lecture of Mr. John Torres Philippine Government and Constitution Social Science-I All persons, except tbose cborqeJ witb o[enses punisboble by reclusion perpetuo wben eviJence of quilt is stronq, sboll, before conviction, be boiloble by su[cient securities, or be releoseJ on recoqnizonce os moy be proviJeJ by low. Tbe riqbt to boil sboll not be impoireJ even wben tbe privileqe of tbe writ of bobeos corpus is suspenJeJ. Excessive boil sboll not be requireJ. ;'*"9#8,"""< +89*"%:,=B (THE RIGHT TO BAIL 8 AGAINST EXCESSIVE BAIL) Lecture of Mr. John Torres Philippine Government and Constitution Social Science-I Boil - is tbe security (usuolly o Jeposit of money) requireJ by o court for tbe temporory releose of o person wbo is in tbe custoJy of tbe low proviJeJ tbot bis oppeoronce in triols moy be ensureJ. Excessive Boil - is probibiteJ becouse tbot is tbe some os Jenyinq tbe riqbt to post boil. ;'*"9#8,"""< +89*"%:,=B (THE RIGHT TO BAIL 8 AGAINST EXCESSIVE BAIL) Lecture of Mr. John Torres Philippine Government and Constitution Social Science-I Vrit of Hobeos Corpus - is on orJer issueJ by o court of competent jurisJiction, JirecteJ to tbe person Jetoininq onotber, commonJinq bim to proJuce tbe boJy of tbe prisoner ot o JesiqnoteJ time onJ ploce onJ to sbow su[cient couse for bolJinq in custoJy tbe inJiviJuol so JetoineJ. ;'*"9#8,"""< +89*"%:,=C (RIGHTS OF THE ACCUSED) Lecture of Mr. John Torres Philippine Government and Constitution Social Science-I (i) No person sboll be belJ to onswer for o criminol o[ense witbout Jue process of low. ln oll criminol prosecutions, tbe occuseJ sboll be presumeJ innocent until tbe controry is proveJ. ;'*"9#8,"""< +89*"%:,=C (RIGHTS OF THE ACCUSED) Lecture of Mr. John Torres Philippine Government and Constitution Social Science-I (:) ln oll criminol prosecutions, sboll enjoy tbe riqbt to be beorJ by bimself onJ counsel, to be informeJ of tbe noture onJ couse of tbe occusotion oqoinst bim, to bove o speeJy, importiol, onJ public triol, to meet tbe witnesses foce to foce, onJ to bove compulsory process to secure tbe ottenJonce of witnesses onJ tbe proJuction of eviJence in bis bebolf. However, ofter orroiqnment, triol moy proceeJ notwitbstonJinq tbe obsence of tbe occuseJ proviJeJ tbot be bos been July notifeJ onJ bis foilure to oppeor is justifoble. ARTICLE III, SECTION i ! Tle piivilege of ile wiii of labeas coipus slall noi be suspended excepi in cases of invasion oi iebellion wlen ile public safeiy iequiies ii. Lecture of Mr. John Torres ARTICLE III, SECTION i6 ! All peisons slall lave ile iigli io a speedy disposiiion of ileii cases befoie all judicial, quasi-judicial, oi adminisiiaiive bodies. Lecture of Mr. John Torres ARTICLE III, SECTION iy ! No peison slall be compelled io be a wiiness againsi limself. Lecture of Mr. John Torres ARTICLE III, SECTION iS ! (i) No peison slall be deiained solely by ieason of lis poliiical beliefs and aspiiaiions. ! (:) No involuniaiy seiviiude in any foim slall exisi excepi as a punislmeni foi a ciime wleieof ile paiiy slall lave been duly convicied. Lecture of Mr. John Torres ARTICLE III, SECTION iq ! (i) Excessive fnes slall noi be imposed, noi ciuel, degiading oi inluman punislmeni inicied. Neiilei slall ile deail penaliy be imposed, unless, foi compelling ieasons involving leinous ciimes, ile Congiess leieafiei piovides foi ii. Any deail penaliy alieady imposed slall be ieduced io ieclusion peipeiua. ! (:) Tle employmeni of plysical, psyclological, oi degiading punislmeni againsi any piisonei oi deiainee oi ile use of subsiandaid oi inadequaie penal faciliiies undei subluman condiiions slall be deali wiil by law. Lecture of Mr. John Torres ARTICLE III, SECTION :o ! No peison slall be impiisoned foi debi oi non-paymeni of a poll iax. Lecture of Mr. John Torres ARTICLE III, SECTION :i ! No peison slall be iwice pui in jeopaidy of punislmeni foi ile same oense. If an aci is punisled by a law and an oidinance, conviciion oi acquiiial undei eiilei slall consiiiuie a bai io anoilei piosecuiion foi ile same aci. Lecture of Mr. John Torres ARTICLE III, SECTION :: ! No ex posi facio law oi bill of aiiaindei slall be enacied. Lecture of Mr. John Torres Lecture of Mr. John Torres Philippine Government and Constitution Social Science-I -end-