TITLE: Lab- Time For Mitosis

- BE SURE TO INCLUDE ANYTHING WRITTEN IN ORANGE IN YOUR PRE-LAB SET-UP Pre-Lab Discussion: (summarize this in your notebook IN YOUR OWN WORDS) Mitosis is the process by which one single cell nucleus is divided into two nuclei. Mitosis takes place in five obvious and main phases: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase and Telophase. The period between one mitosis and the next is called Interphase. Chromosome (DNA) replication happens during Interphase. Organisms such as the common intestinal bacteria E. coli can complete mitosis in 30 minutes. Human cells are typically around 80 minutes. Other cells require days. In some cells, such as human nerve cells, mitosis never occurs. In this investigation, you will determine the time required for plant and animal cells to go through each phase of mitosis. To prepare for this lab, please complete the Online Onion Root Tip Lab at this website: http://www.biology.arizona.edu/cell_bio/activities/cell_cycle/cell_cycle.html In your notebook (you dont need to write this, but you DO need to follow the directions below): o Draw the data table you see on the website o While you are completing the online lab, complete the data table to show how many cells are found in each stage of mitosis o If you get an answer wrong, you need to keep trying until you have completed all of them THIS LAB WILL HELP YOU GET THE HANG OF WHAT YOURE LOOKING FOR TODAY!

Lab Partners: - List the members of your table group Problem/Question: - How much time do plant and animal cells spend in each stage of mitosis? o Hint: you will know how much time is spent in each stage by HOW MANY cells you find in that stage- if there are a lot, then a lot of time is spent in that stage; if there are a few/none, then not much time is spent in that stage Variables: Independent: the type of cell Dependent: amount of time spent in each stage of mitosis (interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase) Hypothesis: - If independent variable (pick 1!) - Then dependent variable (pick one stage and compare the amount of time spent in that stage versus other stages- you will analyze time spent by the number of cells you find in that stage) - Because explain why you think that! Use your logic- its okay if youre wrong! - Write your own- discuss it as a group, but write it in your own words! - IT IS OKAY IF YOU DO NOT AGREE WITH YOUR LAB PARTNERS Materials: Prepared slide of plant mitosis- ONION ROOT TIP CELLS (PLANT) Prepared slide of animal mitosis- FISH BLASTULA CELLS (ANIMAL) Compound Microscope Pencil/Notebook Computer

Mitosis Notes

Procedures: (WRITE WORD-FOR-WORD, DO NOT SUMMARIZE!): 1. Review the phases of mitosis by looking at your notes and the PowerPoint listed on eLearning. 2. Place the prepared onion root tip slide on the stage of your microscope. Using the low-power objective, focus on the cells just above the tip of the root. 3. Switch to high power and count the total number of cells in the field of view. BE CAREFUL NOT TO HIT THE SLIDE WHEN YOU CHANGE OBJECTIVES!!! IT WILL BREAK IF YOU HIT IT! 4. Record this number in the appropriate place in the data table. 5. Without moving anything in the field of view, count the number of cells in each phase of mitosis: Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase and Cytokinesis. 6. Record this information in the appropriate place in the data table. 7. To determine the percentage of time a cell spends in each phase: 1. Divide the number of cells in that phase by the total number of cells in the field of view 2. Multiply by 100. Record this information in the data table. 8. Repeat steps 2 through 7 using the prepared Fish blastula (animal cells) slide. 9. Record all information in the appropriate places in the data table. Data Section: (copy these tables in your notebook to prepare for the lab) Data Table #1

Plant Cell Mitosis

Number of Cells in Phase Number of Cells in Phase Total Number of Cells (divide) Percentage of Time Spent in Phase

Phase Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Cytokinesis

Data Table #2

Animal Cell Mitosis

Number of Cells in Phase Number of Cells in Phase Total Number of Cells Percentage of Time Spent in Phase

Phase Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Cytokinesis

Drawing Table #3 USE WHAT YOU SEE IN YOUR FIELD OF VIEW IN THE MICROSCOPE TO DRAW A SAMPLE PICTURE OF EACH PHASE OF MITOSIS IN THIS TABLE INTERPHASE PROPHASE METAPHASE

ANAPHASE

TELOPHASE

CYTOKINESIS

- END OF PRE-LAB SET-UP CHECK WITH PIZZALATO TO BEGIN THE LAB COMPLETE THIS WHEN YOU ARE DONE WITH THE LAB: Analysis: Answer the following questions using complete sentences and restating the question as part of your
answer. IF I CANT TELL WHICH QUESTION YOU ARE ANSWERING BASED ON YOUR RESPONSE, IT IS NOT A COMPLETE SENTENCE!!! 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. In which phase of plant cell mitosis (NOT INCLUDING INTERPHASE) is the most time spent? In which phase of plant cell mitosis is the least time spent? In which phase of animal cell mitosis (NOT INCLUDING INTERPHASE) is the most time spent? In which phase of animal cell mitosis is the least time spent? Based on this investigation, what is the total percentage of time plant cells spend undergoing mitosis (only actual cell division; not including interphase)? 6. What percentage of time are the plant cells not undergoing mitosis? 7. Based on this investigation, what is the total percentage of time the animal cells spend undergoing mitosis (only actual cell division; not including interphase)? 8. What percentage of the time are the animal cells not undergoing mitosis? 9. What are the plant and animal cells doing when they are not undergoing mitosis? 10. Determine the percentages of time spent in each phase of mitosis (actual cell division; all phases except interphase) for plant cells by dividing the same number of cells you calculated above by the total # of cells undergoing mitosis (all phases EXCEPT interphase) instead of the total number of cells in the field of view. 11. If we assume that an onion cell (plant) and E. coli (animal) both can complete mitosis in 80 minutes, determine the actual amount of time each phase of mitosis would take. Your answer should be in minutes and seconds.

Conclusion: Write a conclusion based on the hypothesis you wrote in the beginning of your prelab. Use the CLAIM-EVIDENCE-COMMENTARY FORMAT!!!