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Dr. Monika Ivantysynova MAHA Professor Fluid Power Systems MAHA Fluid Power Research Center Purdue University
Content
Displacement machines design principles & scaling laws Power density comparison between hydrostatic and electric machines
Pascal
1651 1600 1700
Bramah
1795 1800 1905 1900 2000
Kepler
Vane pump
Ramelli
Gear pump
p 2 , Qe
Pumping
Adiabatic expansion
VB
Te , n p1
Adiabatic compression
Suction
Vmin=VT
Displacement machine SICFP05, June 1-3, 2005, Linkping due to viscosity & compressibility of a real fluid
Pressure drop between displacement chamber and port Port pressure Port pressure
Pump
Dr. Monika Ivantysynova
Motor
3
5
Electric Motor
Hydraulic Motor
F e
r r
F h
b b
I
Fe I B L sin
J b h
with I current [A]
Fh
T
p L h
p L h r
I B L sin
r
33
6
P
P
T 2
I B L r 2
n
n
assuming =90
p L h r 2
n
Hydraulic Motor
Force density:
Electric Motor
Fe L h
6 -2
J b h B L L h
-2 3
J b B
Fh L h
4
7.6 10 A m 1.8Vs m
Dr. Monika Ivantysynova
3 10 m 4.1 10 Pa
up to 5 107 Pa
Design and Modeling of Fluid Power Systems, ME 597/ABE 591
10 6 m2
34
Mass /June Power Ratio SICFP05, 1-3, 2005, Linkping Electric Machine
mass = power Positive displacement machines (pumps & motors) are: 10 times lighter min. 10 times smaller much smaller mass moment of inertia (approx. 70 times) much better dynamic behavior of displacement machines
Dr. Monika Ivantysynova
1 . 15 kg/kW
35
Inlet p 2 , Qe
Cylinder block
p1
17
Bent Axis & Swash Plate Machines SICFP05, June 1-3, 2005, Linkping
FR
Fp
FR FN
Fp
FN
FR
Fp
FN
Fp
FN
FR
FR Fp FN
Fp
11
FN
18
12
19
20
Outlet
Dr. Monika Ivantysynova
Inlet
14
21
Vmax
const p const
n
const n const
p
p const const
n
const n const
p
Dr. Monika Ivantysynova
n
16
The maximal shaft speed of a given pump is 5000 rpm. The displacement volume of this pump is V= 40cm3/rev. The maximal working pressure is given with 40 MPa. Using first order scaling laws, determine: - the maximal shaft speed of a pump with 90 cm3/rev - the torque of this larger pump - the maximal volume flow rate of this larger pump - the power of this larger pump For the linear scaling factor follows:
3
V V0
1
90 40
1.31
n0
p V 2
40 10 6 Pa 90 10 -6 m 3 2
573.25 Nm
Maximal volume flow rate: Qmax V nmax 90 10 6 m 3 /rev 3816.8 rpm 0.3435 m 3 /min 343.5 l/min 1 -1 6 3 p Q 40 10 Pa 0.3435 m s 229 kW Power of the larger pump: P 60
Dr. Monika Ivantysynova
31
18
p2
p1
Te , n
QSe
QSi
p1
QSe external volumetric losses QSi internal volumetric losses Effective Flow rate: Effective torque:
Dr. Monika Ivantysynova
Qe
Vmax n QS
Te
p 2
Vmax
10
19
TS
QS
i 1
QSei
j 1
QSij
QSK
QSf
external
QSL external and internal volumetric losses = flow through laminar resistances: b h3 p Q p 12
QSL
f ( , p)
11
20
dV V B
VB
1 dp KA
1 pC p B KA
ln VC
ln VB
1 pC KA
VB
pB
Pumping
VB 1 e
simplified
VB
p VB KA
Suction
QSK
VB
12
Qi
V n
Vmax n
Qe
Qi QS
nmin
QS
Dr. Monika Ivantysynova
p, n,V ,
13
22
...temperature
Design and Modeling of Fluid Power Systems, ME 597/ABE 591
14
23
Qa
dV dt
Qai
The instantaneous volumetric flow is given by the sum of instantaneous flows Qai of each displacement element:
k
Qa
i 1
Qai
k number of displacement chambers, decreasing their volume, i.e. being in the delivery stroke
k
k
z 2
z 0 .5 2
or
z 0 .5 2
Pressure pulsation
Design and Modeling of Fluid Power Systems, ME 597/ABE 591
15
24
Qmi
16
TS
TS
TS
kT
TS
n
TSp TSc
CT n
constant value
Torque loss due to viscous friction in gaps (laminar flow) hgap height
TS
CT
ps
l d
d
v2 2
v l
v2 2
TSp
Te
CTp
p 2
p
Vmax TS
drag coefficient
flow resistance coefficient
0.3164
turbulent 4
Re
29
26
TS
f (n, p,V , )
p const
TS
TS
TS
n const
p
n const
TS
TSp
TSp
n const
p const
p
30
27
Te
Ti TS
p 2
Vmax
TS
Effective torque Te
n const
Effective torque Te TS
TS
TS T S TS
TS
p
TSc T
TSc
T
p const
Ti
Ti
p
Design and Modeling of Fluid Power Systems, ME 597/ABE 591
TS
Dr. Monika Ivantysynova
p, n,V ,
28
31
HP
sP
R tan
1 cos
sP
Piston stroke:
HP
2 R tan
z
R pitch radius
b tan R y R cos
b y
29
23
R tan
cos
vP
aP
au
Circumferential speed
vu
vu
Centrifugal acceleration:
au
Coriolis acceleration ac is just zero, as the vector of angular velocity and the piston velocity vP run parallel
24
30
Vg
Vg
z AP H P
z
2 dP R tan 2
z number of pistons
n z
Qa
i 1
Qai
Qai
vP
R tan
sin
Qai
v p AP
AP R tan
25
31
sin
i
Design and Modeling of Fluid Power Systems, ME 597/ABE 591
0.5 z
Qa
i 1
Qai
26
32
with Qmi
Qmax Qmin 2
tan
2 z
T
2 z
tan
4 z
Torque Pulsation
with Tmi
Tmax Tmin 2
kinematic flow and torque pulsation due to a finite number of piston z number of pistons
Non-uniformity
mean mean
f=zn f=2zn
34
Flow Pulsation
Non-uniformity grade:
Q
with Qmi
Qmax Qmin 2
QS
p, n,Vi ,
Flow pulsation of a real displacement machine is much larger than the flow pulsation given by the kinematics
Dr. Monika Ivantysynova 35
27
180 160
Q th e o K in e m a t ic N o n - u n if o r m it y o f F lo w R a te z = 9
Q [l/m in ]
E f f e c t iv e F lo w R a t e Q
P u m p O u tle t
r o ta tin g a n g le [d e g ]
28
36