Formula Sheet

SeriesCircuit: TotalResistanceRT=R1+R2+R3+RN TotalCurrentIT=ES/RT VoltagedropV=IxR KVL0=ES+VR1+VR2+VR3+..VRN VoltageDividerRuleVX=(RX/RT)xE TotalPowerP=ExI

ParallelCircuit: TotalCurrentIT=I1+I2+I3+IN or IT=V/RT=Ix.Rx/RT TotalResistanceRT=1/(1/R1+1/R2+1/R3+..1/RN) RT=E/IT TotalResistancefortworesistorsinparallelRT=(R1xR2)/(R1+R2) KCLIT=I1+I2+I3+IN CurrentDividerRuleIx=(RT/RX)xIT SpecialCasefortworesistors: I2=(R1/R1+R2)xIT I1=(R2/R1+R2)xIT TotalPowerPT=P1+P2+...PN

ThevenintoNortonsConversions: RN=RTH ETH=RNxIN IN=ETH/RN Maximumpower PLattainsitsmaximumvaluewhenRL=RTH

StepstofollowfortheMeshCurrentmethodofanalysis: 1. Drawmeshcurrentsinloopsofcircuit,enoughtoaccountforallcomponents. 2. Labelresistorvoltagedroppolaritiesbasedonassumeddirectionsofmeshcurrents. 3. WriteKVLequationsforeachloopofthecircuit,substitutingtheproductIRforEineachresistor termoftheequation.Wheretwomeshcurrentsintersectthroughacomponent,expressthe currentasthealgebraicsumofthosetwomeshcurrents(i.e.I1+I2)ifthecurrentsgointhe samedirectionthroughthatcomponent.Ifnot,expressthecurrentasthedifference(i.e.I1I2 ). 4. Solveforunknownmeshcurrents(simultaneousequations). 5. Ifanysolutionisnegative,thentheassumedcurrentdirectioniswrong! 6. Algebraicallyaddmeshcurrentstofindcurrentincomponentssharingmultiplemeshcurrents. 7. Solveforvoltagedropsacrossallresistors(E=IR).

SuperpositionTheorem TheSuperpositionTheoremstatesthatacircuitcanbeanalyzedwithonlyonesourceofpower atatime,thecorrespondingcomponentvoltagesandcurrentsalgebraicallyaddedtofindout whattheylldowithallpowersourcesineffect. Tonegateallbutonepowersourceforanalysis,replaceanysourceofvoltage(batteries)witha wirereplaceanycurrentsourcewithanopen(break).

TheveninsTheorem TheveninsTheoremisawaytoreduceanetworktoanequivalentcircuitcomposedofa singlevoltagesource,seriesresistance,andseriesload.StepstofollowforTheveninsTheorem: 1. FindtheTheveninsourcevoltagebyremovingtheloadresistorfromtheoriginalcircuitand calculatingvoltageacrosstheopenconnectionpointswheretheloadresistorusedtobe. 2. FindtheTheveninresistancebyremovingallpowersourcesintheoriginalcircuit(voltage sourcesshortedandcurrentsourcesopen)andcalculatingtotalresistancebetweentheopen connectionpoints. 3. DrawtheTheveninequivalentcircuit,withtheTheveninvoltagesourceinserieswiththe Theveninresistance.Theloadresistorreattachesbetweenthetwoopenpointsoftheequivalent circuit. 4. Analyzevoltageandcurrentfortheloadresistorfollowingtherulesforseriescircuits.

ThevenintoNortonConversion TheveninandNortonresistancesareequal. TheveninvoltageisequaltoNortoncurrenttimesNortonresistance. NortoncurrentisequaltoTheveninvoltagedividedbyTheveninresistance.