05p - Optimization Guidelines and Best Practices

UMTS RF Optimization and Best Practices
1 of 140 Strictly Confidential and Proprietary
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Strictly Confidential and Proprietary
Table of Contents
UMTS RF Optimization and Best Practices....................................................1 1 Introduction........................................................................................................................................ ! Selection and Reselection................................................................................................................. "
8.1 8.8 8.= 8.4 8.? 8.B P+.N:Cell Selection.......................................................................................................................................... ; Cell /eselection .easurements Thresholds...................................................................................................... < Selecting Suitable Candidate Cells and S>Criteria........................................................................................... 10 /an ing Suitable Cells and />Criteria............................................................................................................. 10 #ierarchical Cell Structure @#CSA and #>Criteria.............................................................................................11 Cell /eselection Parameters........................................................................................................................... 18
# Pa$in$............................................................................................................................................... 1#
=.1 Paging the 3( in idle mode............................................................................................................................. 1= =.8 Paging the 3( in connected mode.................................................................................................................. 1= =.8.1 3(>dedicated paging procedure.............................................................................................................. 14 =.8.8 Connected mode paging procedure @.. connected in PS CN domain @CellCPC# StateA and .. idle in CS CN domainA................................................................................................................................................ 14 =.= 2iscontinuous /eception @2/DA...................................................................................................................... 1B =.=.1 CN domain specific 2/D cycle length..................................................................................................... 1B =.=.8 3T/-N 2/D cycle length....................................................................................................................... 1B =.=.= Selected 2/D cycle length...................................................................................................................... 1B
% Radio &in' Control (R&C)................................................................................................................. 1

4.1 4.8 4.= 4.4 ?.1 ?.8 ?.= ?.4 ?.? /adio &nterface Protocol -rchitecture.............................................................................................................. 19 /+C 'peration .odes..................................................................................................................................... 1< /+C Ser"ices................................................................................................................................................... 1< /+C 1unctions................................................................................................................................................. 80
* Radio +ccess Bearer (R+B) and Radio Bearer (RB) Confi$urations...........................................!1

3.TS 6oS -rchitecture.................................................................................................................................. 81 3.TS Traffic Classes...................................................................................................................................... 88 /adio -ccess 0earer @/-0A Ser"ice -ttributes...............................................................................................8= /adio 0earer .apping..................................................................................................................................... 8? *C2.- Channel Structure............................................................................................................................. 8B ?.?.1 +ogical Channels..................................................................................................................................... 8B ?.?.8 Transport Channels................................................................................................................................. 89 ?.?.= Physical Channels................................................................................................................................... 8; ?.?.4 .apping of Channels.............................................................................................................................. =0 ?.B Supported /adio 0earer Ser"ices and .ulti>/-0 Combinations.....................................................................=1
, +MR Codecs Mana$ement.............................................................................................................. ##

B.1 B.8 B.= B.4 -./ Codec Set Configuration......................................................................................................................... == -./ Codec Set -llocation............................................................................................................................... == -./ Codec Sets and .ulti>/-0 Configurations............................................................................................. == -./ Codec Set 0enefits................................................................................................................................. =4
Radio Resource Mana$ement (RRM)..............................................................................................#*

9.1 '"er"iew of /adio /esource .anagement @//.A.......................................................................................... =? 9.8 -dmission Control @-CA................................................................................................................................... =9 9.8.1 -C 1unctions........................................................................................................................................... =; 9.8.8 -dmission 2ecision ................................................................................................................................ =< 9.8.8.1 .easured power $uantities..................................................................................................................... =< 9.8.8.8 Power increase estimation...................................................................................................................... =<
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9.8.8.= Comparison of estimated load increase against planned admission criteria thresholds .........................=< 9.8.= /T o"er N/T and Pre>(mption............................................................................................................... 41 9.8.4 .anagement Parameters for -dmission Control.....................................................................................41 9.8.4.1 /NC parameters..................................................................................................................................... 48 9.8.4.8 *0TS parameters................................................................................................................................... 4= 9.8.4.= *C(+ parameters................................................................................................................................... 4= 9.8.4.4 *0TS parameters................................................................................................................................... 44 9.8.4.? *C(+ parameters................................................................................................................................... 44 9.8.4.B *C(+ parameters................................................................................................................................... 4? 9.= Pac et Scheduler @PSA.................................................................................................................................... 4? 9.=.1 Non>Controllable and Controllable +oad.................................................................................................4? 9.=.8 Pac et 2ata Transfer States................................................................................................................... 49 9.=.= -pplicable transport channels and channel type selection......................................................................4; 9.=.=.1 3plin transport channel type selection................................................................................................... 4; 9.=.=.8 2ownlin transport channel type selection.............................................................................................. 4; 9.=.4 Common channel pac et scheduling...................................................................................................... 4; 9.=.? 2edicated channel pac et scheduling..................................................................................................... 4< 9.=.B 2ynamic lin optimisation @2y+oA for N/T traffic co"erage.....................................................................?0 9.=.9 Pac et scheduler interruption timer......................................................................................................... ?1 9.=.; (nhanced priority based scheduling and o"erload control for N/T traffic...............................................?1 9.=.< Throughput 0ased 'ptimisation of the Pac et Scheduler -lgorithm.......................................................?8 9.=.10 1le%ible 3pgrade of N/T 2C# 2ata /ate............................................................................................. ?= 9.=.11 .anagement Parameters for Pac et Scheduling..................................................................................?4 9.=.11.1 3plin and downlin power delta parameters........................................................................................ ?4 9.=.11.8 3plin channel type selection parameters.............................................................................................?4 9.=.11.= 2ownlin channel type selection parameters........................................................................................ ?? 9.=.11.4 'ther radio networ planning parameters............................................................................................. ?? 9.=.11.? /NC configuration parameters.............................................................................................................. ?B 9.=.11.B Compressed mode parameters............................................................................................................. ?9 9.=.11.9 'ther essential parameters for pac et scheduler..................................................................................?; 9.4 +oad Control @+CA............................................................................................................................................ ?; 9.4.1 Preempti"e +oad Control and Target Threshold....................................................................................?< 9.4.8 '"erload Control and '"erload Threshold.............................................................................................. ?< 9.4.= .anagement Parameters for +oad Control............................................................................................. ?< 9.4.=.1 /NC parameters..................................................................................................................................... B0 9.4.=.8 *0TS parameters................................................................................................................................... B0 9.4.=.= *C(+ parameters................................................................................................................................... B0 9.? Power Control @PCA.......................................................................................................................................... B8 9.?.1 2ownlin Common Channel Power -llocation........................................................................................B= 9.?.8 3plin 'pen +oop Power Control and /andom -ccess Procedure........................................................B= 9.?.= 1ast Closed +oop Power Control............................................................................................................ B4 9.?.4 'uter +oop Power Control....................................................................................................................... B? 9.?.? Power 0alancing..................................................................................................................................... B? 9.?.B .anagement Parameters for Power Control...........................................................................................B9 9.?.B.1 /NC parameters..................................................................................................................................... B9 9.?.B.8 *0TS parameters................................................................................................................................... B< 9.?.B.= *C(+ parameters................................................................................................................................... B< 9.B #ando"er Control @#CA.................................................................................................................................... 91 9.B.1 #ando"er Types...................................................................................................................................... 91 9.B.8 Neighbor Cells......................................................................................................................................... 91 9.B.= &ntra>1re$uency Soft and Softer #ando"er..............................................................................................98 9.B.=.1 0enefits of Soft and Softer #ando"er...................................................................................................... 98 9.B.=.8 Types of &ntra>fre$uency #ando"er ........................................................................................................ 98
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9.B.=.= 1unctionality of soft:softer hando"er........................................................................................................ 9= 9.B.4 .acrodi"ersity......................................................................................................................................... 99 9.B.4.1 /a e /ecei"er......................................................................................................................................... 9; 9.B.4.8 Soft #ando"erE .acrodi"ersity Combining @.2CA and Splitting at /NC..................................................9; 9.B.4.= Softer #ando"erE .a%imum /atio Combining @./CA and Splitting at 0TS.............................................9< 9.B.? &ntra>fre$uency hard hando"er................................................................................................................ 9< 9.B.B Compressed .ode @C.A .easurements................................................................................................ 9< 9.B.9 &nter>1re$uency #ando"er @&1#'A.......................................................................................................... ;0 9.B.9.1 Types of &nter>1re$uency #ando"er........................................................................................................ ;1 9.B.9.8 1unctionality of &nter>1re$uency #ando"er..............................................................................................;1 9.B.9.= Co"erage reason inter>fre$uency hando"er............................................................................................;8 9.B.9.4 6uality reason inter>fre$uency hando"er................................................................................................. ;4 9.B.; &nter>/-T @/adio -ccess TechnologyA #ando"er or &nter>System #ando"er @&S#'A.............................;? 9.B.;.1 1unctionality of &nter>System #ando"ers.................................................................................................;B 9.B.;.8 Co"erage reason inter>system hando"er................................................................................................. ;; 9.B.< &.S& based hando"er.............................................................................................................................. <1 9.B.10 +oad and ser"ice based inter>fre$uency and inter>system hando"er....................................................<4 9.B.11 2irected //C Connection Setup @2//CA.............................................................................................<? 9.B.18 S/NS /elocation.................................................................................................................................. <B 9.B.1= S/NC -nchoring................................................................................................................................... <; 9.B.14 .anagement Parameters for #ando"er Control....................................................................................<; 9.B.14.1 /NC parameters................................................................................................................................... << 9.B.14.8 *C2.- 0TS parameters @*0TSA...................................................................................................... 108 9.B.14.= *C2.- cell parameters @*C(+A....................................................................................................... 108 9.B.14.4 &ntra>fre$uency measurement control parameters @1.CSA.................................................................10? 9.B.14.? &nter>fre$uency measurement control parameters @1.C&A...................................................................109 9.B.14.B &nter>system @5S.A measurement control parameters @1.C5A..........................................................10; 9.B.14.9 &ntra>fre$uency neighbour cell parameters @-2FSA.............................................................................110 9.B.14.; &nter>fre$uency neighbour cell parameters @-2F&A...............................................................................110 9.B.14.< &nter>system @5S.A neighbour cell parameters @-2F5A......................................................................110 9.B.14.10 &ntra>fre$uency hando"er path parameters @#'PSA..........................................................................111 9.B.14.11 &nter>fre$uency hando"er path parameters @#'P&A...........................................................................111 9.B.14.18 &nter>system @5S.A hando"er path parameters @#'P5A..................................................................118 9.B.14.1= *C2.->authorised networ parameters @*-N(A............................................................................118 9.B.14.14 *C2.- subscriber group parameters @*S5A..................................................................................11= 9.9 /adio /esource .anagement of #S2P-...................................................................................................... 11= 9.9.1 -cti"ating the #S2P- feature............................................................................................................... 11= 9.9.8 #S2P- code resource allocation.......................................................................................................... 11= 9.9.= -llocation of the #S2P- power............................................................................................................. 11= 9.9.4 .a%imum bit rate of N/T .-C>d flow................................................................................................... 114 9.9.? #S2P- Priority...................................................................................................................................... 114 9.9.?.1 #S2P- power allocation when #S2P- Priority G 1..............................................................................114 9.9.?.8 #S2P- power allocation when #S2P- Priority G 8..............................................................................11? 9.9.B #S2P- channel type selection............................................................................................................. 11B 9.9.B.1 Selection between 2C# and #S>2SC#................................................................................................119 9.9.B.8 /elease of 3+ N/T 2C# and .-C>d flow............................................................................................119 9.9.9 #S2P- Pac et Scheduler..................................................................................................................... 119 9.9.; #S2P- associated uplin 2PC# scheduling........................................................................................ 11; 9.9.< #S2P- with additional /-0 initiation.................................................................................................... 11< 9.9.10 2C# to #S>2SC# channel type switching..........................................................................................11< 9.9.11 #S2P- resumption timer.................................................................................................................... 11< 9.9.18 #S2P- mobility handling.................................................................................................................... 180 9.9.1= #S2P- mobility handling with the Ser"ing #S>2SC# Cell Change....................................................180
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9.9.14 #S2P- cell reselection....................................................................................................................... 180 9.9.1? 2irected //C connection setup for #S2P- layer...............................................................................181 9.9.1B .anagement Parameters for #S2P- //......................................................................................... 18= 9.9.1B.1 5eneral parameters............................................................................................................................. 18= 9.9.1B.8 Parameters for controlling mobility ..................................................................................................... 18= 9.9.1B.= Parameter for enabling the -./ ser"ice with #S>2SC#....................................................................18; 9.9.1B.4 Parameters for allocating power.......................................................................................................... 18; 9.9.1B.? Parameters for measuring the throughput of .-C>d flow....................................................................18< 9.9.1B.B 'ther parameters................................................................................................................................ 1=0
" -C.M+ Radio /et0or' Parameters.............................................................................................1#1

;.1 .ain /ecommended Parameters.................................................................................................................. 1=1 ;.1.1 2ownlin Common Channel Power Parameters...................................................................................1=8 ;.1.8 /ecommended Cell /eselection Parameters........................................................................................ 1=8 ;.1.= .ain /ecommended Soft and Softer #ando"er Parameters................................................................1== ;.1.4 .ain /ecommended &nter>System #ando"er Parameters....................................................................1== ;.1.? .ain /ecommended -C and +C Parameters.......................................................................................1=4 ;.1.B /ecommended #S2P- Power Parameters.......................................................................................... 1=4
1 +nne2 13 +bbre4iations................................................................................................................. 1#*
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1 Introduction
This document co"ers the re$uirement specified in Section 4.9.4 and 4.9.? H'ptimiIation 5uidelines and 0est Practices. The document co"ers /-T selection! paging! /+C! /-0! -./ Codec management! /adio /esource .anagement and *C2.- Parameters.
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! Selection and Reselection

!.1 P&M/5Cell Selection
*hen an .S is switched on! it attempts to ma e contact with a P+.N. The particular P+.N to be contacted may be selected either automatically or manually. The .S loo s for a suitable cell of the chosen P+.N and chooses that cell to pro"ide a"ailable ser"ices! and tunes to its control channel. This selection is nown as Jcamping on the cellJ. The .S will then register its presence in the registration area of the chosen cell if necessary! by means of a location registration @+/A! 5P/S attach and:or &.S& attach procedure. #P+.N Selector with -ccess Technology! 3ser Controlled P+.N Selector with -ccess Technology and 'perator Controlled P+.N Selector with -ccess Technology data fields in the S&. include associated access technologies for each P+.N entry. These P+.N:-ccess Technology combinations are listed in priority order. &f an entry includes more than one access technology! then no priority is defined for the preferred access technology and the priority is an implementation issue. /elease K<9 S&. cards doesnLt support -ccess Technology related data fields. The factors affecting to the /-T selection are presented in the table belowE Table 13 R+T selection factor 3(Ls /-T Capabilities 5S. *C2.*C2.- O 5S. S&.: 3S&.
4A
3ser Mown! &nbound roamerN
Preferred /-T in 3S&. M5S.! *C2.-! noneN
Preferred /-T in /oaming 3S&. M5S.! *C2.-! noneN
Selected /-T
S&. 3S&. 3S&. 3S&. 3S&. S&. 3S&. 3S&. 3S&. 3S&.
own own own own own /oamer /oamer /oamer /oamer /oamer
1A
5S. *C2.5S. 5S. 5S. *C2.5S. or *C2.5S. 5S. 5S. *C2.5S. or *C2.-
None =A 5S. *C2.0oth 8A

1A
None =A 5S. *C2.0oth 8A
1A 8A
/elease K<9 S&. card doesnLt support /-T selection data field &n case more than /-T is listed for one P+.N entry the /-T selection is an implementation issue. =A 5S. has priority in case /-T is not defined with the P+.N entry! 4A =5 will introduce a new ind of S&. cardP the 3&CC @3.TS &C CardA. 3&CC contains an application called 3S&.s. 3S&. supports also the new authentication methods.
There e%ist two cell selection proceduresE Initial Cell Selection The 3( has to find a suitable cell of the P+.N which was selected by the N-S @Non>-ccess StratumA. To do so! the 3( scans all radio fre$uency carriers of 3T/-. The 3( focuses its cell search to the strongest cell on each carrier. -s soon as the 3( has found a suitable cell! it selects it. &n contrast to the HStored
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&nformation Cell SelectionH procedure! this procedure does not re$uire nowledge in ad"ance about which of the scanned radio fre$uency bands holds 3T/- carriers. Stored Information Cell Selection To speed up the cell selection process K for instance! when the 3( is switched on again K information about 3T/- carriers! e"en cell parameters such as cell scrambling codes can be stored in the 3(. The 3( uses this information to find a suitable cell of the P+.N which was last selected by the N-S. 'nce the 3( has found a suitable cell for the selected P+.N! the 3( selects it. &f the cell selection based on stored information in the 3( fails K e.g. the selected P+.N cannot be found K the 3( continues the cell selection process based on the &nitial Cell Selection procedure.
Cell selection is made as soon as a suitable cell is found. Suitable cells are determined by the S>Criteria @S$ual G CP&C# (c:No K Qqualmin Q 0! Sr%le" G CP&C# /SCP K Qrxlevmin K Pcompensation Q 0! where Pcompensation G ma% @UEtxPowerMaxPRACH K 3(CPC.a%! 0AA. The purpose of camping on a cell in idle mode is fourfoldE &t enables the 3( to recei"e system information from the P+.N. *hen registered and if the 3( wishes to initiate a call! it can do this by initially accessing the networ on the control channel of the cell on which it is camped. &f the P+.N recei"es a call for the registered 3(! it nows @in most casesA the registration area of the cell in which the 3( is camped. &t can then send a JpagingJ message for the 3( on control channels of all the cells in the registration area. The 3( will then recei"e the paging message because it is tuned to the control channel of a cell in that registration area and the 3( can respond on that control channel. &t enables the 3( to recei"e cell broadcast messages.
!.! Cell Reselection Measurements T6res6olds

*hen camped on a cell and in //C idle mode or CellCPC# or CellC1-C# state! the 3( will perform intra> fre$uency! inter>fre$uency! and inter>system neighbor measurements according to the following rules based on the measured CP&C# (c:No of the ser"ing cell @see 1igure 1AE None if CP&C# (c:No Q Qqualmin + Sintrasearch measures intra>fre$uency neighbors if CP&C# (c:No R Qqualmin + Sintrasearch measures intra> and inter>fre$uency neighbors if CP&C# (c:No R Qqualmin S Sintersearch measures intra> and inter>fre$uency! and inter>system neighbors if CP&C# (c:No R Qqualmin S SsearchRAT
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Sintrasearc Sintersearc SsearchRA h h T
1 WCDM ACEL Fi$ure 13 CellL Reselection Measurement T6res6olds
'nce the measurements ha"e been made! the 3( decides whether to perform cell reselection. This decision is ta en in two stepsE first suitable candidate cells are short listed using the S>Criteria! and then these are ran ed using the />Criteria @when #CS is not usedA.
!.# Selectin$ Suitable Candidate Cells and S7Criteria

The list of cells that are suitable as cell reselection candidates is created according to the S>criteriaE *C2.- intra>fre$uency neighbor cellE CP&C# (c:No Q Ad sQqualmin and CP&C# /SCP Q Ad sQrexlevmin *C2.- inter>fre$uency neighbor cellE CP&C# (c:No Q Ad iQqualmin and CP&C# /SCP Q Ad iQrexlevmin 5S. inter>system neighbor cellE /%le" Q Qrxlevmin
!.% Ran'in$ Suitable Cells and R7Criteria

'nce the S>criteria has been fulfilled! all the suitable cells are ran ed according the />criteriaE Rs for the ser"ing cell and Rn for the neighboring cell as defined in 1igure 8. &n the first ran ing! Rs for the *C2.- ser"ing cell is based on CP&C# /SCP! and Rn for a *C2.- intra> fre$uency neighbor or a *C2.- inter>fre$uency neighbor is based on CP&C# /SCP and for a 5S. inter>system neighbor is based on /D+(). &f Rn for a 5S. inter>system neighbor is higher than Rs for the *C2.- ser"ing cell and its /D+() is higher than QrxlevMin! then the 3( will reselect to that 5S. inter>system neighbor with the highest ran ing! otherwise the second ran ing is made. &n the second ran ing only for *C2.- cells! Rs for the *C2.- ser"ing cell is based on CP&C# (c:No and Rn for a *C2.- intra>fre$uency neighbor or a *C2.inter>fre$uency neighbor is based on CP&C# (c:No. &f Rn for a *C2.- intra>fre$uency neighbor or a *C2.inter>fre$uency neighbor has the highest ran ing! then the 3( will reselect to that *C2.- neighbor. The parameters Qh!st and Qo""set allow a hysteresis to be applied per candidate to better control which cell is preferred.
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Fi$ure !3 Cell Reselection Ran'in$ Procedure (R7Criteria)
!.* 8ierarc6ical Cell Structure (8CS) and 87Criteria

#ierarchical Cell Structure @#CSA allows capacity to be tuned and concentrated to places where users most commonly re$uire it by constructing different cell layers @macro! micro! and picoA on different *C2.- fre$uency carriers or different /-Ts @*C2.- and 5S.A or within the same *C2.- fre$uency carrier. The different cell layers can be used to meet particular co"erage! capacity and mobility re$uirements. .acro layers are mainly for co"erage and fast mo"ing mobiles @for e%ample! highways through city centersA! and micro layers and pico layers are often used to pro"ide capacity for traffic hot spots. Cell layers are handled according to following rulesE macro cell means #CS priorities from 0 to =! micro cell means #CS priorities from 4 to 9! #CS priority 0 is highest priority for ser"ice type that prefers macro cells! #CS priority 9 is highest priority for ser"ice type that prefers micro cells! ser"ice type shall try to perform a cell reselection or hando"er to the cell:layer with the highest a"ailable priority. Normally cell reselection is done to the strongest cell ha"ing better co"erage! but with #CS the cell reselection is also possible to a wea er cell or to another /-T if it has a higher #CS priority. 0oth $uality and signal le"el should be good enough in the neighbor cell before cell reselection so S>criteria is still chec ed! but then neighbor cells with different priorities can be prioritiIed with #>criteria using a temporary offset during a penalty time. 'therwise! if cells ha"e the same #CS priority @or if #CS is not in useA! then they are ran ed with />criteria and cell reselection is done to the best cell.
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#CS is turned on or off with the cell parameter Use#"HCS$ The #CS priority of the ser"ing cell is determined by the cell parameter HCS%PR&# and the #CS priority of a neighbor cell is determined by the adjacencyLs #CSpriority parameter. &f #CS is in use! the #>Criteria is used to select the potential suitable candidates for cell re>selectionE #s G 6meas!s K 6hcs!s #n G 6meas!n K 6hcs!n K T'n T +n @for the ser"ing cellA @for candidate neighboring cells for cell reselectionA
1or *C2.- candidate cells! Qmeas is the CP&C# (c:No. 1or 5S. candidate cells! Qmeas's is CP&C# /SCP of the *C2.- ser"ing cell and Qmeas'n is /SS& of the 5S. neighbor. Qhcs is the $uality threshold before applying the #CS cell reselection procedure! as defined by the adjacencyLs #CSthreshold parameter. T#n represents a temporary offset @represented by the adjacencyLs Temp'ffset parameterA for a certain period of time specified by a penalty time @represented by the adjacencyLs PenaltyTime parameterA and is triggered when the neighboring cell has a different #CS priority le"el as the ser"ing cell. (n is 0 if neighboring cell has the same #CS priority le"el as the ser"ing cell and is 1 if neighboring cell has a different #CS priority le"el from the ser"ing cell. So once the 3( has determined all the suitable candidate neighboring cells which fulfill the S>Criteria! then it determines the cells with the highest #CS priority le"el that fulfill the $uality le"el #>Criteria #Q0! and then only these are ran ed by the 3( using the />Criteria. &f none of these cells fulfill the #>Criteria #Q0! then all suitable cells will be ran ed by the 3( using the />Criteria! independent of their #CS priority le"el. The 3( also ran s all suitable cells which fulfill the S>Criteria using the />Criteria when #CS is not in use. See 1igure = for a summary of the cell reselection process with the S! #! and />Criteria with #CS in use and with #CS not in use.
HCS in use:
measurement thresholds S-Criterion fulfilled -Criterion for fast for slo$ mo!in" mo!in" #Es cells with #Es
lower HCS priorit than in ser!ing cell
HCS not in use:

measurement thresholds S-Criterion fulfilled
cells with If No Cell highest with H>0 HCS accept all Priorities & neighbors H>0
%-Criterion &ell ran'in"
Fi$ure #3 Cell Reselection Process 0it6 S9 89 and R7Criteria
!., Cell Reselection Parameters

Please refer to Section ;.1.8 for the recommended "alues of the cell reselection parameters @without #CSA.
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# Pa$in$
Paging is necessary in order for the CN to now to which cell a specific 3( is currently lin ed to. &n idle mode! paging is always initiated by the CN. &n CS idle paging! the CN and the /NC broadcast paging messages through base stations of the location area in which the 3( is situated. &n PS idle paging! the CN and the /NC broadcast paging messages through base stations of the routing area in which the 3( is situated. The /NC sends paging re$uests to all *C2.- 0TSs which belong to the paging area where the 3( is currently registered. 2ifferent cells in a single 0TS can belong to different paging areas. #owe"er! one cell can belong to only one +ocation -rea @+-A and one /outing -rea @/-A. (ach paging message on the &u interface in"ol"es only the 3( and therefore! the /NC has to pac the pages into the rele"ant radio interface paging message.
#.1 Pa$in$ t6e U: in idle mode

The /NC chec s whether the paged 3( is engaged in an ongoing radio resource control @//CA connection. &f there is no connection! the /NC starts the idle mode paging procedure using the P-5&N5 T4P( 1 message @referred to as paging procedure in the =5PP specificationA. -s a result! the 3( starts the //C connection setup procedure.
Fi$ure %3 Pa$in$ t6e U: in idle mode
#.! Pa$in$ t6e U: in connected mode

*hen the 3( is in //C connected mode! the /NC chec s whether the paged 3( already has a dedicated signaling lin allocated. &f it does not @i.e. in CellCPC# stateA! the same procedure as idle mode paging with the
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//CEP-5&N5 T4P( 1 message is applied. &f the 3( has a dedicated signaling lin allocated @i.e. in Cell C2C# or CellC1-C# stateA! the /NC initiates a 3(>dedicated paging procedure. #.!.1 U:7dedicated pa$in$ procedure &f the 3( is in C(++C2C# or C(++C1-C# state! there is a dedicated signalling lin allocated for the 3( in the 3u interface. The /NC sends a paging message //CEP-5&N5 T4P( 8 to an //C>connected 3( through the e%isting //C connection @referred to as 3(>dedicated paging procedure in the =5PP specificationA.
Fi$ure *3 Pa$in$ t6e U: in connected mode (C:&&;F+C8 or C:&&;.C8 state)
#.!.!
Connected mode pa$in$ procedure (MM connected in PS C/ domain (Cell;PC8 State) and MM idle in CS C/ domain)
&f the 3( is in C(++CPC# state! the /NC originates the paging Procedure using the //CEP-5&N5 T4P(1 message. The paging procedure can be triggered due to an idle mode paging recei"ed from the CS CN @see 1igure BA or due to downlin data or downlin signaling @see 1igure 9A recei"ed from the PS CN. &f there is no response recei"ed from the 3(! the /NC repeats the paging procedure in a predefined inter"al. -s a response! the 3( mo"es to the C(++C1-C# state and starts the cell update procedure with the cause paging response.
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Fi$ure ,3 Pa$in$ t6e U: in connected mode (C:&&;PC8 state)
Fi$ure 3 R/C7ori$inated pa$in$
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#.# .iscontinuous Reception (.R<)

To sa"e on power consumption! the 3( can use discontinuous reception @2/DA. This means that the networ pages the 3( according to a preset se$uence of frames during specific inter"als. This preset frame se$uence inter"al is called a 2/D cycle. 2/D cycles can "ary in length! and in case the 3( is connected to two different CN domains with different 2/D cycle lengths! the 3( uses the shortest 2/D cycle. The 3( can store each domain> specific 2/D cycle of each CN it is currently attached to. &f the CN sends a specific 2/D cycle length coefficient! the /-N uses it in the paging message. &f there is no CN> specific coefficient! the /-N uses the default "alue for CN>specific 2/D cycle length coefficient in the radio networ database. #.#.1 C/ domain specific .R< c=cle len$t6 The 3( updates CN domain specific 2/D cycle length coefficient. The 3( uses it to calculate the CN domain specific 2/D cycle length! according to the followingE > set to the "alue of the &( JCN domain specific 2/D cycle length coefficientJ. > store the result of .-D@8 ! P0PA! where P0P is the Paging 0loc Periodicity! as the CN domain specific 2/D cycle length for the CN domain indicated by the &( JCN domain identityJ. 1or 122 P0PG1.
The 3( determines its idle mode paging occasions and P&C# monitoring occasions for that CN domain based on the stored CN domain specific 2/D cycle length! when using 2/D in idle mode. #.#.! UTR+/ .R< c=cle len$t6 &f the &( J3T/-N 2/D cycle length coefficientJ is present! the 3( uses it to calculate the 3T/-N 2/D cycle length! according to the followingE > set to the "alue of the &( J3T/-N 2/D cycle length coefficientJP > store the result of .-D@8 !P0PA! where P0P is the Paging 0loc Periodicity! as the 2/D cycle length.
The 3( determines its connected mode paging occasions and P&C# monitoring occasions in the same way as for idle mode. #.#.#
Selected .R< c=cle len$t6
The 2/D cycle length to use in connected mode is the shorter of the following two parametersE > 3T/-N 2/D cycle lengthP > CN domain specific 2/D cycle length stored for any CN domain! when using 2iscontinuous /eception @2/DA in C(++CPC# state.
The CN domain specific 2/D cycle length stored for any CN domain is only used in CellCPC# state if the 3( is registered to that CN domain and no signalling connection stored in the "ariable (ST-0+&S#(2CS&5N-++&N5CC'NN(CT&'NS e%ists to that CN domain.
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% Radio &in' Control (R&C)

%.1 Radio Interface Protocol +rc6itecture
The radio interface is layered into three protocol layersE the physical layer @+1A the data lin layer @+8A networ layer @+=A +ayer 8 is split into following sublayersE .edium -ccess Control @.-CA! /adio +in Control @/+CA! Pac et 2ata Con"ergence Protocol @P2CPA and 0roadcast:.ulticast Control @0.CA. +ayer = and /+C are di"ided into Control @C>A and 3ser @3>A planes. P2CP and 0.C e%ist in the 3>plane only. +ayer = in the C>plane is partitioned into sublayers where the lowest sublayer is denoted as /adio /esource Control @//CA which interfaces with layer 8 and terminates in the 3T/-N. 1igure ; shows the radio interface protocol architecture.
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GC
Nt
DC
Duplication a oi!ance GC C-plane signalling Nt DC Uu" #oun!ar$ U-plane information
RRC
control
L3
Ra!io %earers PDCP PDCP
control
control control
control
L2/PDCP
%MC
L2/BMC
RLC RLC
RLC
RLC RLC RLC RLC
RLC
L2/RLC
Logical Channels MAC
L2/MAC
Transport Channels
PHY
L1
Fi$ure "3 Radio Interface Protocol +rc6itecture
0etween .-C and the physical layer are the transport channels. 0etween the /+C and the .-C sublayer are the logical channels. @See also Section ?.? for more information on channel structuresA. The /+C layer pro"ides three types of communication! one for each /+C operation mode @3.! -.! and T.! see Section 4.8A. The ser"ice pro"ided by layer 8 is referred to as the radio bearer @/0A. The C>plane radio bearers! which are pro"ided by /+C to //C! are denoted as signalling radio bearers @S/0A. The /+C>3 layer between /NC and 3( realiIes the radio bearer ser"ice which co"ers all the transport aspects of the radio interface. The main function of the /+C>3 protocol is to offer logical lin control o"er air interface. The /+C sublayer pro"ides -/6 @-utomatic /epeat /e$uestA functionality closely coupled with the radio transmission techni$ue used. The 3T/-N can be re$uested by the CN to pre"ent all loss of data @i.e. independently of the hando"ers on the radio interfaceA! as long as the &u connection point is not modified. This is a basic re$uirement to be fulfilled by the 3T/-N retransmission functionality as pro"ided by the /+C sublayer. #owe"er! in case of the &u connection point is changed @e.g. S/NS relocation! streamliningA! the pre"ention of the loss of data may not be guaranteed autonomously by the 3T/-N but relies on U2uplication a"oidanceU functions in the CN.
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%.! R&C Operation Modes

-n /+C entity can operate in three transfer modesE Transparent Mode (TM)E &n transparent operation! no protocol o"erhead is added. 'nly streaming> type of data transmission ser"ice is pro"ided! i.e. upper layer segmentation is not maintained. Unac'no0led$ed Mode (UM)E &n unac nowledged mode! upper layer segmentation is maintained! but no error correction ser"ices by retransmission are a"ailable. +c'no0led$ed Mode (+M) E &n ac nowledged mode! segmentation is maintained and error>correction ser"ices are pro"ided by means of -/6.
%.# R&C Ser4ices

The /+C pro"ides the following ser"ices to the upper layer. 7 7 Transparent data transfer. This ser"ice transmits upper layer P23s without adding any protocol information! possibly including segmentation:reassembly functionality. Unac'no0led$ed data transfer. This ser"ice transmits upper layer P23s without guaranteeing deli"ery to the peer entity. The unac nowledged data transfer mode has the following characteristicsE 7 7 7 2etection of erroneous dataE The /+C sublayer deli"ers only those S23s to the recei"ing upper layer that are free of transmission errors by using the se$uence>number chec function. &mmediate deli"eryE The recei"ing /+C sublayer entity deli"ers a S23 to the upper layer recei"ing entity as soon as it arri"es at the recei"er.
+c'no0led$ed data transfer. This ser"ice transmits upper layer P23s and guarantees deli"ery to the peer entity. &n case /+C is unable to deli"er the data correctly! the user of /+C at the transmitting side is notified. 1or this ser"ice! both in>se$uence and out>of>se$uence deli"ery are supported. &n many cases an upper layer protocol can restore the order of its P23s. -s long as the out>of>se$uence properties of the lower layer are nown and controlled @i.e. the upper layer protocol will not immediately re$uest retransmission of a missing P23A allowing out>of>se$uence deli"ery can sa"e memory space in the recei"ing /+C. The ac nowledged data transfer mode has the following characteristicsE 7 7 7 (rror>free deli"eryE (rror>free deli"ery is ensured by means of retransmission. The recei"ing /+C entity deli"ers only error>free S23s to the upper layer. 3ni$ue deli"eryE The /+C sublayer deli"ers each S23 only once to the recei"ing upper layer using duplication detection function. &n>se$uence deli"eryE /+C sublayer pro"ides support for in>order deli"ery of S23s! i.e.! /+C sublayer should deli"er S23s to the recei"ing upper layer entity in the same order as the transmitting upper layer entity submits them to the /+C sublayer. 'ut>of>se$uence deli"eryE -lternati"ely to in>se$uence deli"ery! it is also possible to allow that the recei"ing /+C entity deli"ers S23s to upper layer in different order than submitted to /+C sublayer at the transmitting side.
7 7
Maintenance of >oS as defined b= upper la=ers. The retransmission protocol is configurable by layer = to pro"ide different le"els of 6oS. This can be controlled. /otification of unreco4erable errors. /+C notifies the upper layer of errors that cannot be resol"ed by /+C itself by normal e%ception handling procedures! e.g. by adjusting the ma%imum number of retransmissions according to delay re$uirements.
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%.% R&C Functions

7 Se$mentation and reassembl=. This function performs segmentation:reassembly of "ariable>length upper layer P23s into:from smaller /+C P23s. The /+C P23 siIe is adjustable to the actual set of transport formats. Concatenation. &f the contents of an /+C S23 cannot be carried by one /+C P23! the first segment of the ne%t /+C S23 may be put into the /+C P23 in concatenation with the last segment of the pre"ious /+C S23. Paddin$. *hen concatenation is not applicable and the remaining data to be transmitted does not fill an entire /+C P23 of gi"en siIe! the remainder of the data field is filled with padding bits. Transfer of user data. This function is used for con"eyance of data between users of /+C ser"ices. /+C supports ac nowledged! unac nowledged and transparent data transfer. 6oS setting controls transfer of user data. :rror correction. This function pro"ides error correction by retransmission @e.g. Selecti"e /epeat! 5o 0ac N! or a Stop>and>*ait -/6A in ac nowledged data transfer mode. In7se?uence deli4er= of upper la=er P.Us. This function preser"es the order of upper layer P23s that were submitted for transfer by /+C using the ac nowledged data transfer ser"ice. &f this function is not used! out>of>se$uence deli"ery is pro"ided. .uplicate .etection. This function detects duplicated recei"ed /+C P23s and ensures that the resultant upper layer P23 is deli"ered only once to the upper layer. Flo0 control. This function allows an /+C recei"er to control the rate at which the peer /+C transmitting entity may send information. Se?uence number c6ec'. This function is used in unac nowledged mode and guarantees the integrity of reassembled P23s and pro"ides a mechanism for the detection of corrupted /+C S23s through chec ing se$uence number in /+C P23s when they are reassembled into a /+C S23. - corrupted /+C S23 will be discarded. Protocol error detection and reco4er=. This function detects and reco"ers from errors in the operation of the /+C protocol. Cip6erin$. This function pre"ents unauthoriIed ac$uisition of data. Ciphering is performed in /+C layer for non>transparent /+C mode. S.U discard. This function allows an /+C transmitter to discharge /+C S23 from the buffer&
7 7
7 7
7 7 7
7 7 7
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* Radio +ccess Bearer (R+B) and Radio Bearer (RB) Confi$urations

- bearer includes all aspects to enable the pro"ision of a contracted 6oS @6uality of Ser"iceA. The /adio -ccess 0earer @/-0A is the ser"ice for transfer of user data between 3( and CN. The /adio 0earer @/0A is the ser"ice pro"ided by the /+C layer for transfer of user data between 3( and /NC.
*.1 UMTS >oS +rc6itecture

Please refer to 1igure < for the 3.TS 6uality of Ser"ice @6oSA -rchitecture
3.TS
T( .T 3T/-N CN &u (25( N'2( CN 5ateway T(
(nd>to>(nd Ser"ice
T(:.T +ocal 0earer Ser"ice
3.TS 0earer Ser"ice
(%ternal 0earer Ser"ice
/adio -ccess 0earer Ser"ice
CN 0earer Ser"ice &u 0earer Ser"ice
/adio 0earer Ser"ice

3T/122:T22 Ser"ice
0ac bone Networ Ser"ice
Physical 0earer Ser"ice
Fi$ure 13 UMTS >oS +rc6itecture - bearer ser"ice includes all aspects to enable the pro"ision of a contracted 6oS. These aspects are the control signalling! user plane transport! and 6oS management functionality. The 3.TS bearer ser"ice pro"ides the 3.TS 6oS and consists of two partsE the /adio -ccess 0earer @/-0A ser"ice and the Core Networ bearer ser"ice. The /adio -ccess 0earer @/-0A ser"ice pro"ides confidential transport of user data between .T @.obile TerminationA and CN &u edge node with the 6oS ade$uate to the negotiated 3.TS bearer. The /adio -ccess 0earer @/-0A ser"ice consists of the &u>bearer ser"ice and the /adio 0earer @/0A ser"ice.
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The /adio 0earer @/0A is the ser"ice pro"ided by the /+C layer for transfer of user data between 3( and /NC and co"ers all the transport aspects of the radio interface. The 3.TS 6oS architecture model also has a functional grouping into -ccess Stratum @-SA and Non>-ccess Stratum @N-SA. See 1igure 10. The N-S contains CN>related signalling and ser"ices. The -S handles all access dependent issues and offers ser"ices to the N-S o"er ser"ice access points @S-PA in the 3( and the CN.
Non>-ccess Stratum
/adio access bearers Signalling connection
//C connection
//C
&u connection -ccess Stratum
/adio bearer ser"ice
&u bearer ser"ice
E S-P
MS
3u
R+/
&u
C/
Fi$ure 1@3 Functional Aroupin$ of UMTS >oS +rc6itecture - bearer is described by a set of parameters:attributes of particular traffic aspects or by 6uality of Ser"ice @6oSA aspects for an application:ser"ice. /adio -ccess 0earer @/-0A is the ser"ice that the -ccess Stratum @-SA pro"ides to the Non>-ccess Stratum @N-SA for transfer of user data between 3( and CN. /adio 0earer @/0A is the ser"ice pro"ided by the /+C layer for transfer of user data between 3( and /NC.
*.! UMTS Traffic Classes

There are four different 6oS classes @or traffic classesA for 3.TS bearer ser"ices and /adio -ccess 0earer ser"icesE con"ersational class
streaming class interacti"e class bac ground class
The main distinguishing factor between these classes is how delay sensiti"e the traffic isE Con"ersational class is meant for traffic which is "ery delay sensiti"e! while 0ac ground class is the most delay insensiti"e traffic class. See Table 8 for the different 3.TS traffic class characteristics.
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Table !3 UMTS Traffic Classes

Traffic Class Con"ersational Streaming &nteracti"e C6aracteristics (nsures that the time relationship between call entities is maintained and that the delay is minimiIed. -n application e%ample would be )oice. (nsures that the time relationship between the call entities is maintained. -n application e%ample would be Streaming )ideo. (nsures that the payload content is preser"ed! but is subject to "ariable delay. 2ifferent applications may be allocated different traffic handling priorities. -n application e%ample would be *eb 0rowsing. (nsures that the payload content is preser"ed! but is subject to "ariable delay due to lower priority than the interacti"e class. -n application e%ample would be 0ac ground 2ownload of (mail.
0ac ground
*.# Radio +ccess Bearer (R+B) Ser4ice +ttributes

- /adio -ccess 0earer is described with the following /-0 attributesE Table #3 R+B +ttributes +ttribute
Traffic class .a%imum bit rate M b:sN 5uaranteed bit rate M b:sN
.escription
Con"ersational! streaming! interacti"e or bac ground. .a%imum bit rate M b:sN The ma%imum number of bits deli"ered by 3T/-N and to 3T/-N at a S-P within a period of time! di"ided by the duration of the period. The guaranteed number of bits deli"ered at a S-P within a period of time @pro"ided that there is data to deli"erA! di"ided by the duration of the period. The attribute is applicable for con"ersational and streaming ser"ices only. &ndicates whether the /-0 pro"ides in>se$uence S23 deli"ery. The ma%imum allowed S23 siIe. +ist of possible e%act siIes of S23s. &f une$ual error protection is used by a radio access bearer ser"ice! S23 format information defines the e%act sub>flow format of the S23 payload. &ndicates the fraction of S23s lost or detected as erroneous. S23 error ratio is defined only for conforming traffic. &n case of une$ual error protection! S23 error ratio is set per sub>flow and represents the error ratio in each sub>flow. S23 error ratio is only set for sub>flows for which error detection is re$uested. The attribute is not present if the "alue of the attribute 2eli"ery of erroneous S23s is Uno>error>detection> considerationU. &ndicates the undetected bit error ratio for each sub> flow in the deli"ered S23s. 1or e$ual error protection! only one "alue is needed. &f no error detection is re$uested for a sub>flow! /esidual bit error ratio indicates the bit error ratio in that sub>flow of the deli"ered S23s. &ndicates whether S23s with detected errors are deli"ered. &n case of une$ual error protection! the attribute is set per sub>flow.
2eli"ery order My:nN .a%imum S23 siIe MbitsN S23 format information MbitsN
S23 error ratio
/esidual bit error ratio
2eli"ery of erroneous S23s @yes:no:no> error>detection considerationA
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+ttribute
Transfer delay MsN
.escription
&ndicates ma%imum delay for <?th percentile of the distribution of delay for all deli"ered S23s during the lifetime of a bearer ser"ice! where delay for an S23 is defined as the time from a re$uest to transfer an S23 at one S-P to its deli"ery at the other S-P. The attribute is applicable for con"ersational and streaming ser"ices only. Specifies the relati"e importance for handling of all S23s belonging to the interacti"e radio access bearer compared to the S23s of other interacti"e bearers. Specifies the relati"e importance compared to other radio access bearers for allocation and retention of the radio access bearer. The -llocation:/etention Priority attribute is a subscription parameter! which is not negotiated from the mobile terminal. Specifies characteristics of the source of submitted S23s.
Traffic handling priority @1:8:=A -llocation:/etention Priority
Source statistics descriptor MUspeechU:Uun nownUN
The relationship between different traffic classes and 6oS parameters is shown Table 4. Table %3 Radio +ccess Bearer attributes defined for eac6 bearer traffic class
Traffic class Con4ersational class D D D D D D D Streamin$ class D D D D D D D D D D D D D Interacti4e class D D D Bac'$round class D D D
Ma2imum bit rate .eli4er= order Ma2imum S.U size S.U format information S.U error ratio Residual bit error ratio .eli4er= of erroneous S.Us Transfer dela= Auaranteed bit rate Traffic 6andlin$ priorit= +llocation5 Retention priorit= Source statistics descriptor Si$nallin$ Indication
D D
D D D
Table ? lists typical "alue ranges of the /-0 Ser"ice attributes.
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Table *3 Radio +ccess Bearer (R+B) Ser4ice +ttributes and T=pical Balue Ran$es.
Traffic Traffic class class Allocation" Allocation" retention retention priorit priorit Traffic Traffic han#ling han#ling priorit priorit Transfer Transfer #ela #ela Resi#ual Resi#ual $%R $%R S&' S&'error error ratio ratio ( a)i*u* ( a)i*u* bit bit rate rate +uarantee# +uarantee# bit bit rate rate ( a)i*u* ( a)i*u* S&' S&'si,e si,e &eli!er &eli!er or#er or#er S&' S&'for*at for*at infor*ation infor*ation &eli!er &eli!er of of erroneous erroneousS&'s S&'s Con!ersational Con!ersational class class ./ ./ 0/ 0/1 1 Strea*ing Strea*ing class class ./ ./ 0/ 0/ 1 1 Interacti!e Interacti!e class class ./ ./0/ 0/ 1 1 ./ ./0/ 0/ 1 1 .00 .00 *s2*a) *s2*a)
50 56 34.0 2.0 34.050 2.056 50 53 .0 2.0 .050 2.053
$ac-groun# $ac-groun# class class ./ ./0/ 0/ 1 1
300 300 *s2*a) *s2*a)

50 57 34.0 2.0 34.050 2.057 5. 53 .0 2.0 .05. 2.053 51 58 64.0 274.0 64.051 274.058 51 53 .0 2.0 .051 2.053 51 58 64.0 274.0 64.051 274.058 51 57 .0 2.0 .051 2.057
9: 9:.7000 .7000 -bps -bps 9: 9:.7000 .7000 -bps -bps 9:.300 9:.300 octets octets ;es"No ;es"No
9: 9:.7000 .7000 -bps -bps 9: 9:.7000 .7000 -bps -bps 9:.300 9:.300 octets octets ;es"No ;es"No
9: 9:.7000 .7000 -bps -bps
9: 9:.7000 .7000 -bps -bps
9:.300 9:.300 octets octets ;es"No ;es"No
9:.300 9:.300 octets octets ;es"No ;es"No
;es"No"5 ;es"No"5
;es"No"5 ;es"No"5
;es"No"5 ;es"No"5
;es"No"5 ;es"No"5
*.% Radio Bearer Mappin$

/adio bearer @/0A is the ser"ice pro"ided by the /+C layer for transfer of user data between the 3( and /NC and is part of the /adio -ccess 0earer @/-0A ser"ice @the other part being the &u>0earer ser"iceA. The /+C entity of an /0 can ha"e one of the three types of /+C transfer modesE Transparent .ode @T.A! 3nac nowledged .ode @3.A! or -c nowledged .ode @-.A. @See also Section 4.8 on /+C Transfer .odesA ($ual transfer modes are used in uplin and downlin for radio bearers. The transfer mode is determined from the /-0 attributes and the core networ domain information of the resource re$uest. (ach /adio 0earer ser"ice type has different /+C configuration parameters. (ach /0 is also associated with a transport channel! whose format set defines the allocated bandwidth! transmission time inter"al @TT&A and error concealment method @channel coding and rate matchingA. Please refer to 1igure 11 for the matching of /adio 0earers and the re$uired /adio -ccess 0earer 6oS.
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Fi$ure 113 Mappin$ of Radio Bearers
*.* -C.M+ C6annel Structure

The *C2.- radio interface has a layered channel structure @see 1igure 18AE +ogical Channels Transport Channels Physical Channels
La$er * Control ) Measurements
Ra!io Resource Control 'RRC(

Radio Link Control (RLC)
Logical channels
Medium Access Control Me!ium Access (MAC) Control
La$er +
'MAC( Ph$sical la$er
Transport channels
Physical channels
La$er ,
Fi$ure 1!3 &o0er &a=ers of Radio Interface Protocol +rc6itecture *.*.1
&o$ical C6annels
+ogical channels specify what type of information @signaling! "oice! or data trafficA needs to be transmitted. They are the data transfer ser"ices pro"ided by the .-C sublayer to the /+C sublayer.
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- general classification of logical channels is into two groupsE Control Channels @CC#A for the transfer of control plane information Traffic Channels @TC#A for transfer of user plane information
See 1igure 1= for the configuration of logical channel types. Control Channels )CC * (road&ast Control Channel )(CC * +a"in" Control Channel )+CC * Common Control Channel )CCC * Dedi&ated Control Channel )DCC * Dedi&ated ,raffi& Channel )D,C * Common ,raffi& Channel )C,C *
,raffi& Channels ),C *
Fi$ure 1#3 &o$ical C6annel Structure Control Channels @CC#A are used for transfer of control plane information only. 0roadcast Control Channel @0CC#A is a downlin channel for broadcasting system control information including ser"ing P+.N! the ser"ing cell! neighborhood lists! measurement parameters. Paging Control Channel @PCC#A is a downlin channel that transfers paging information. This channel is used when the networ does not now the location cell of the 3(! or the 3( is in the cell connected state @utiliIing 3( sleep mode proceduresA. Common Control Channel @CCC#A is a bi>directional channel for transmitting control information between the networ and 3(s. This channel is commonly used by the 3(s ha"ing no //C connection with the networ and by the 3(s using common transport channels when accessing a new cell after cell reselection. 2edicated Control Channel @2CC#A is a point>to>point bi>directional channel that transmits dedicated control information between a 3( and the networ . This channel is established through //C connection setup procedure. 2edicated Traffic Channel @2TC#A is a point>to>point channel dedicated to one 3( for the transfer of user information. - 2TC# can e%ist in both uplin and downlin . Common Traffic Channel @CTC#A is a point>to>multipoint unidirectional channel for transfer of dedicated user information for all or a group of specified 3(s.
Traffic Channels @TC#A are used for the transfer of user plane information only.
*.*.!
Transport C6annels
Transport channels specify how and with what characteristics information is transmitted o"er the radio interface. They are ser"ices pro"ided by the physical layer to the .-C sublayer. - general classification of transport channels is into two groupsE common transport channels where there is a need for in>band identification of the 3(s when particular 3(s are addressed dedicated transport channels where the 3(s are identified by the physical channel! i.e. code and fre$uency for 122.
See 1igure 14 for the configuration of transport channel types.
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C ommon t rans.ort &hannels
(road&ast C hannel )(C * +a"in" C hannel )+C * -or$ard A&&ess C hannel )-AC * %andom A&&ess C hannel )%AC * Dedi&ated C hannel )DC *
Dedi&ated trans.ort &hannels
Fi$ure 1%3 Transport C6annel Structure Common transport channel typesE 0roadcast Channel @0C#A is a downlin channel used for broadcast of system> and cell>specific information o"er an entire cell. &t carries 0CC# information. Paging Channel @PC#A is a downlin channel used for broadcast of control information into an entire cell li e Paging &ndicators which allow efficient 3( sleep mode procedures. &nformation types include paging and notification. &t carries PCC# information. 1orward -ccess Channel @1-C#A is a common downlin channel used for transmission of control information or relati"ely small amount of user data. /andom -ccess Channel @/-C#A is a contention based uplin channel used for initial access to establish a connection and for transmission of relati"ely small amounts of data. /-C# is characteriIed by a collision ris and by being transmitted using open loop power control. 2edicated Channel @2C#A is a channel dedicated to one 3( used in uplin or downlin to carry user or control information.
2edicated transport channel typesE
To each transport channel! there is an associated Transport 1ormat @for transport channels with a fi%ed or slow changing rateA or an associated Transport 1ormat Set @for transport channels with fast changing rateA. Transport 1ormat is defined as a combination of encodings! interlea"ing! bit rate and mapping onto physical channels. - Transport 1ormat Set is a set of Transport 1ormats @for e%ample! a "ariable rate 2C# has a Transport 1ormat Set @one Transport 1ormat for each rateA! whereas a fi%ed rate 2C# has a single Transport 1ormatA. #S2P- has added a new transport channelE #igh>Speed 2ownlin Shared Channel @#S>2SC#A is a downlin transport channel that can be shared between #S2P- users in a particular sector and is used for #S2P- data traffic.
*.*.#
P6=sical C6annels
Physical channels specify the actual physical media for the transmitted information @e%. carrier fre$uency! channeliIation codes! scrambling codesA. They are defined in the physical layer and controlled by the //C @/adio /esource ControlA layer. - general classification of physical channels is into two groupsE common physical channels dedicated physical channels
See 1igure 1? for the configuration of physical channel types.
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C ommon .h/si&al &hannels

+rimar/ C om mon C on trol +h/si&al C hannel )+-C C +C * Se&ondar/ C ommon C ontrol +h/si&al C hannel )S-C C +C * +h/si&al %andom A&&ess C hannel )+%AC * S/n&hronisation C hannel )SC * C omm on +ilot C hannel )C +0 C * A&1uisition 0n di&ator C hannel )A0 C * +a"in" 0ndi&ator C hannel )+0 C *
Dedi&ated .h/si&al &hannels

Dedi&ated +h/si&al C on trol C hannel )D+C C * Dedi&ated +h/si&al Data C hannel )D+DC *
Fi$ure 1*3 P6=sical C6annel Structure Common physical channel typesE Primary Common Pilot Channel @P>CP&C#A is a downlin physical channel which is shared by all 3(s located in the cell. &t is a phase reference for the other downlin physical channels. -lso! the 3(s located in adjacent cells use the P>CP&C# for neighbor cell measurements. The CP&C# transmits only +1 control information @predetermined pilot bitsA and does not carry any user and control data generated by +8 and abo"e. - Secondary Common Pilot Channel @S>CP&C#A may be a phase reference for a downlin 2PC#. &f this is the case! the 3( is informed about this by higher>layer signalling. Primary Common Control Physical Channel @P>CCPC#A is a downlin physical channel which is shared by all 3(s located in the cell. &t is used to carry the 0C# transport channel. The P>CCPC# is multiple%ed with the Synchronisation Channel @SC#A. The Synchronisation Channel @SC#A is a downlin physical channel that is used by the 3(s to achie"e synchronisation to the 0TS. The SC# consists of two sub channels! the Primary Synchronisation Channel @P>SC#A used for slot synchroniIation and Secondary Synchronisation Channel @S>SC#A used for frame synchroniIation. The SC# is multiple%ed with the P>CCPC#. Secondary Common Control Physical Channel @S>CCPC#A is a downlin physical channel which is shared by se"eral 3(s located in the same cell. &t is used to carry the 1-C# and PC# transport channels. Physical /andom -ccess Channel @P/-C#A is an uplin physical channel which is shared by se"eral 3(s located in the same cell. The P/-C# is always associated with the -c$uisition &ndicator Channel @-&C#A which is used to carry -c$uisition &ndicators to ac nowledge preambles transmitted by the 3(s in P/-C#. The -c$uisition &ndicator Channel @-&C#A is a downlin physical channel used to carry -c$uisition &ndicators @-&A. Page &ndicator Channel @P&C#A is a downlin physical channel which is used for transmitting Page &ndicators. Page &ndicators inform 3(s about coming paging messages. The P&C# is always associated with an S>CCPC# to which a PC# transport channel is mapped. The 2edicated Physical Channel @2PC#A is di"ided into the 2edicated Physical 2ata Channel @2P2C#A and the 2edicated Physical Control Channel @2PCC#A. The 2P2C# is used to carry dedicated user and control data generated by +8 and abo"e. +1 control information is transmitted on the 2PCC#. The radio lin must always ha"e a 2PCC# in both the uplin and downlin direction.
for information on the downlin common channel power allocation.
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#S2P- has added some new physical channelsE #S>P2SC# @#igh>Speed Physical 2ownlin Shared ChannelAA is a downlin physical channel that can be shared between #S2P- users in a particular sector and is used for #S2P- data traffic. #S>SCC# @#igh>Speed Shared Control ChannelA is a downlin physical channel used to inform the 3( how to recei"e the #S>P2SC# by pro"iding the 3( &2! number of codes! modulation scheme! #>-/6 information. #S>2PCC# @#igh>Speed 2edicated Physical Control ChannelA is an uplin physical channel that pro"ides #-/6 -c :Nac information and Channel 6uality &nformation @C6&A.
*.*.% Mappin$ of C6annels See 1igure 1B for the logical channel to transport channel to physical channel mapping in the downlin and 1igure 19 for the logical channel to transport channel to physical channel mapping in the uplin .
L o g ical Ch an n els
T ran sp o rt Ch an n els
P h y sical Ch an n els P -CP ICH
BCCH P CCH CCCH CT CH D CCH D T CH
BCH P CH
P -CCP CH S-CCP CH P ICH A ICH P -SCH S-SCH H S-P D SCH H S-SCCH D P D CH D P CCH
F A CH
H SD SCH D CH
Fi$ure 1,3 &o$ical C6annel to Transport C6annel to P6=sical C6annel Mappin$ in t6e .o0nlin'
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L o g ical Ch an n els
T ran sp o rt Ch an n els
P h y sical Ch an n els
CCCH
R A CH
P RA CH
D CCH
H S-D P CCH D T CH D CH D P D CH D P CCH

Fi$ure 1 3 &o$ical C6annel to Transport C6annel to P6=sical C6annel Mappin$ in t6e Uplin'
*., Supported Radio Bearer Ser4ices and Multi7R+B Combinations

No ia /-N supports the following comprehensi"e set of different /0s and /-0s with different 3.TS traffic classes @see 1igure 1;A.
RAN.<3 RAN.<3
RAN06 RAN06
RAS03 RAS03
RAS03<. RAS03<.
A( R A( R.0<0 .0<0 Transparent Transparent CS CS#ata #ata 76 76 Non5transparent CS #ata Non5transparent CS #ata .6<6/ .6<6/ 3=<7 3=<7 NRT NRTPS PS#ata #ata 76/ 76/ .08 .08 >&?@/ >&?@/ 186 186 >&?@ >&?@ NRT NRTPS PS#ata #ata 8/ 8/ .7/ .7/ 10/ 10/ .08 .08 >'?@/ >'?@/ 186 186 >'?@ >'?@ Strea*ing Strea*ing PS PS#ata #ata 8/ 8/ .7/ .7/ 10/ 10/ 76/ 76/ .08/ .08/ 037 037 >&?@ >&?@ A( R A( RCo#ec Co#ec Set Set 3<A/ 3<A/ 6<=3 6<=3 A( R A( RCo#ec Co#ec Set Set .0<0/ .0<0/ =<A3/ =<A3/ 3<A0/ 3<A0/ 6<=3 6<=3
AMR = C onversational C S speech Transparent C Sdata = C onversational C S data Non-transparent C Sdata = S treaming C Sdata NRT PSdata = Interactive/ Backgro nd PSdata
NRT NRTPS PS#ata #ata 037 037 >&?@ >&?@ B$ R B$A( A( RCo#ec Co#ec Set Set .0<73/ .0<73/ 8<83/ 8<83/ 7<7 7<7
Fi$ure 1"3 Supported Radio Bearers
No ia /-N also supports a wide range of .ulti>/-0 ser"ice combinations as shown in 1igure 1<.
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RAN.<3 RAN.<3
RAN06 RAN06
RAS03<. RAS03<.
A( R A( R.0<0 .0<0 C C NRT NRTPS PS#ata #ata 76/ 76/ .08 .08 >&?@ >&?@ 051 051 NRT NRTPS PS#ata #ata 8/.7/10/76/.08/ 8/.7/10/76/.08/ 037 037 &? &?>in >in RAS03<.@/ RAS03<.@/ 186 186 A( R A( R.0<0 .0<0 C C .51 .51 NRT NRTPS PS#ata/ #ata/ 8/.7/10/76/.08/ 8/.7/10/76/.08/ 037 037 &? &?>in >in RAS03<.@ RAS03<.@ Transparent Transparent CS CS#ata #ata 76 76 C C NRT NRTPS PS#ata #ata 8 8 1* 1* Strea*ing Strea*ing PS PS#ata #ata C C NRT NRTPS PS#ata #ata 8 8 1* 1* A( R A( R .0<0 .0<0 C C strea*ing strea*ing PS PS#ata #ata C C NRT NRTPS PS#ata #ata 8 8 1* 1* A( R A( RCo#ec Co#ec Set Set .0<0/ .0<0/ =<A3/ =<A3/ 3<A0/ 3<A0/ 6<=3 6<=3 C C .51 .51 NRT NRTPS PS#ata #ata A( R A( RCo#ec Co#ec Set Set .0<0/ .0<0/ =<A3/ =<A3/ 3<A0/ 3<A0/ 6<=3 6<=3 C C strea*ing strea*ing PS PS #ata #ata C C NRT NRTPS PS#ata #ata 8 8 1* 1* A( R Co#ec Set 3<A/ 6<=3 A( R Co#ec Set 3<A/ 6<=3 C C .51 .51 NRT NRTPS PS#ata #ata A( R A( RCo#ec Co#ec Set Set 3<A/ 3<A/ 6<=3 6<=3 C C strea*ing strea*ing PS PS#ata #ata C C NRT NRTPS PS #ata #ata 8 8 1* 1* B$ R B$A( A( RCo#ec Co#ec Set Set .0<73/ .0<73/ 8<83/ 8<83/ 7<7 7<7 C C .51 .51 NRT NRTPS PS#ata #ata B$ R B$A( A( RCo#ec Co#ec Set Set .0<73/ .0<73/ 8<83/ 8<83/ 7<7 7<7 C C strea*ing strea*ing PS PS#ata #ata C C NRT NRTPS PS#ata #ata 8 8 1* 1*
AMR = C onversational C Sspeech Transparent C Sdata = C onversational C S data Non-transparent C Sdata = S treaming C Sdata NRT PSdata = Interactive/ Backgro nd PSdata !B AMR = "ide#and AMR ,otal %( 2it rate does not e3&eed 344 '2it5 s6 1* #. to 3 7%, +S %A(s su..orted )usin" the same %(*
Fi$ure 113 Supported Multi7R+B Ser4ice Combinations The supported #S2P- and #S2P- S -./ /-0 combinations are shown in 1igure 80. &n /-S0?.1! the ma%imum #S2P- downlin bit rate is 1.; .bps for 6PS, and =.B .bps for 1B6-..
RAS03 RAS03
RAS03<. RAS03<.
NRT NRT PS PS #ata #ata HS5&SCH HS5&SCH &?/ &?/ 76 76 '? '? &CH &CH C C A(R A(R .0<0 .0<0 NRT PS #ata HS5&SCH &?/ 76 '? &CH C A(R NRT PS #ata HS5&SCH &?/ 76 '? &CH C A(R Co#ec Co#ec Set Set .0<0/ .0<0/ =<A3/ =<A3/ 3<A0/ 6<=3 3<A0/ 6<=3 NRT NRT PS PS #ata #ata HS5&SCH HS5&SCH &?/ &?/ 76 76 '? '? &CH &CH C C A(R A(R Co#ec Co#ec Set Set 3<A/ 3<A/ 6<=3 6<=3 NRT NRT PS PS #ata #ata HS5&SCH HS5&SCH &?/ &?/ 76 76 '? '? &CH &CH C C B$ B$ A(R A(R Co#ec Co#ec Set Set .0<73/ .0<73/ 8<83/ 8<83/ 7<7 7<7
NRT NRT PS PS #ata #ata HS5&SCH HS5&SCH &?/ &?/ 76/.08/186 76/.08/186 '? '? &CH &CH
AMR = Conversational CS speech NRT PS data = Interactive/Backgro nd PS data !B AMR = "ide#and AMR
Fi$ure !@3 Supported 8S.P+ and 8S.P+ C +MR R+B Combinations
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, +MR Codecs Mana$ement

,.1 +MR Codec Set Confi$uration
The -./ Codec Set feature allows three configured -./ @-dapti"e .ulti>/ateA mode sets @18.8A bps! @18.8! 9.<?! ?.<0! 4.9?A bps and @?.<0! 4.9?A bps for Circuit Switched @CSA speech calls. The management parameter Con"i)ured CS AMR mode sets *CSAMRModeSET+ enables the operator to configure one or two or all three -./ mode sets as well as turn the feature off @ie. single -./ mode set 18.8A.
,.! +MR Codec Set +llocation

*hen more than one -./ codec sets are configured! /NC allocates one of them with a particular algorithm. &nputs of the codec set allocation are the -./ codec sets configured in the /NC! the -./ modes and the &u 3P support mode "ersion information of the /-N-P resource re$uest message .odes of the configured -./ mode set which are producing the lowest -./ modes of the /-N-P resource re$uest recei"ed from the .SC Ser"er! or if this type of configured set does not e%istE .odes of the configured -./ mode that is a subset of the -./ mode set of the /-N-P resource re$uest recei"ed from the .SC Ser"erP and the configured set which has the -./ mode with the highest data rate is selected.
/NC allocates the largest of the configured -./ mode sets! which fulfils either of two conditionsE
&f the -./ mode set of the .SC resource re$uest does not conform to any of the abo"e conditions for allocating the configured -./ mode sets! the resource re$uest is rejected. The former type of the allocated -./ mode set enables the .a%imum /ate Control on &u 3PE it is applicable with both "ersion 1 and "ersion 8 of the &u 3P support mode for predefined S23 siIes and can be used in the Tandem 1ree 'peration and Transcoder 1ree 'peration @T1':Tr1'A configuration. The latter type of the allocated -./ mode set can be used only with "ersion 1 of the &u 3P support mode for predefined S23 siIes! and it is not applicable in the T1':Tr1' configuration. Setting the management parameter Period "or CS AMR RRC T,C control requests *PeriodU(RCAMR+ to H'11J disables the use of the &u 3P support mode "ersion 8 and only "ersion 1 is applicable. ($ual configured -./ mode sets are used in the 3+ and 2+ transfer directions.
,.# +MR Codec Sets and Multi7R+B Confi$urations

The same multi>ser"ice configurations are supported with multi>mode -./ as with single>mode 18.8 bps -./E
1 CS -./ speech /-0 S 0>1 streaming class PS /-0 S 0>= interacti"e:bac ground class PS /-0s 1 CS -./ speech /-0 S 0>1 interacti"e:bac ground class PS /-0 for #S2P-
The addition of lower codec modes increases the number of transport format combinations! and this can result in a 3( capability limitation of the transport format combination set @T1CSA siIe with .ulti>/-0 configurations.
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&n case there is a 3( restriction in the siIe of the T1CS and it is not possible to reduce the transport formats of a simultaneous interacti"e or bac ground PS ser"ice! the allocated configured -./ mode set is reduced so that the 3( continues to use the lowest -./ codec mode of the set. *hen there is no longer a limitation on the 3( capability e.g. the release of a PS streaming /-0! the original configuration of the allocated -./ set is regained.
,.% +MR Codec Set Benefits

The -./ set @?.<0! 4.9?A enables an increase in the number of speech users in the /NC. This can be percei"ed in the air interface in uplin ! &ub:&ur transmission and downlin spreading code space @because -./ mode ?.< enables the use of S1G8?BA. @The parameters -(max.itRateS,/01 and -(2uncturin)(imit can be used to configure -./ mode ?.< to use S1G8?B @defaultA or S1G18;.A The 3( can also restrict its ma%imum -./ bit rate when using a multimode -./ set if its transmission power is approaching the ma%imum "alue. &f the 3( supports this functionality! this feature will increase the 3+ co"erage of the cell.
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Radio Resource Mana$ement (RRM)

.1 O4er4ie0 of Radio Resource Mana$ement (RRM)
The capacity that the *C2.- /-N can offer is directly lin ed to the le"el of interference in the networ > the less interference there is! the more capacity the system can offer. (ach 3( and 0TS that transmits in the networ creates interference. 'ffering capacity to additional 3(s in the networ re$uires more transmit power and adds to the interference in the networ . The purpose of /adio /esource .anagement @//.A is to use the radio resources a"ailable in the *C2.- /-N as efficiently as possible by maintaining a balance of capacity! co"erage! and $uality of ser"ice @6oSA by allocating capacity with the absolute minimum of power just enough to maintain co"erage and $uality. The //. set of algorithms consists of -dmission Control @-CA! +oad Control @+CA! Power Control @PCA! Pac et Scheduler @PSA! /esource .anager @/.A! and #ando"er Control @#CA. These algorithms are functionally split between cell based and connection based algorithms. Cell>based algorithms handle the resources of a particular cell. 0ecause actions ta en in a particular cell ine"itably ha"e repercussions in its neighbor cells! load measurements also include interference from neighbor cells. Therefore! the cell>based algorithms process data from the cells in the acti"e set as well as from their neighbor cells. Connection>based algorithms only step into action when a connection between the 3( and the 0TS is initiated. Cell 0ased //. -lgorithms -dmission Control @-CA +oad Control @+CA Pac et Scheduling @PSA /esource .anager @/.A
Connection 0ased //. -lgorithms #ando"er Control @#CA Power Control @PCA
The location of the //. algorithms in the *C2.- /-N networ is shown in 1igure 81. Note for #S2P-! the Pac et Scheduler mo"es from the /NC to the 0TS. See Section 9.9.9 for //. of #S2P-.
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Fi$ure !13 &ocation of RRM +l$orit6ms -dmission Control @-CA decides whether a re$uest to establish a /adio -ccess 0earer @/-0A is admitted in the /-N or not by predicting the interference caused by the bearer and chec ing whether there is room for it. -C also defines transport channel parameters. -C is used to maintain stability and to achie"e high traffic capacity of the /-N. The -C algorithm is e%ecuted whene"er a /-0 is setup or the bearer is modified. -C is also in"ol"ed in all types of hando"ers. Pac et Scheduler @PSA allocates momentary free capacity to non>real time @N/TA pac et data users. This is done after circuit>switched @CSA real>time @/TA ser"ices ha"e been allocated capacity and within the limits of predefined load thresholds. 0ased on traffic load and radio interface interference information from the 0TS! traffic "olume measurement reports from 3( @uplin A and recei"ed data in the /NC buffers @downlin A! the pac et scheduler will allocate and schedule radio resources for the radio access bearer @/-0A. The PS also pro"ides the N/T bearer load information. +oad Control @+CA guards the system against o"erload and eeps it stable. &n case of an o"erload situation! +C returns the system in a $uic and controlled fashion bac to a normal load state. +C periodically measures the interference both in the uplin and the downlin directions of cells controlled by an /NC and pro"ides this cell load information to -C and PS for radio resource controlling purposes. 0ased on radio networ parameters and these interference measurements! +C ta es action to eep the load of the cell within acceptable limits. +C can be di"ided into pre"entati"e load control @actions ta en after a certain threshold but before a cell has become o"erloadedA and o"erload control @actions ta en after the cell has become o"erloaded o"er a certain thresholdA. &n o"erload situations! the +C performs the reco"ering actions by using the functionalities of -C! PS and #C. The /esource .anager @/.A is located in the /NC and wor s in close cooperation with -dmission Control @-CA and Pac et Scheduler @PSA. The /. is responsible for allocating downlin spreading @channeliIationA code@sA when -C or PS re$uests it and for managing the code tree. The /. is also responsible for allocating scrambling codes for uplin connections. &t also ta es care of releasing the allocated resources. Power control @PCA maintains radio lin le"el $uality by adjusting the uplin and downlin powers of the 3( and 0TS in order to achie"e the minimum Signal>to>&nterference /atio @S&/A for a gi"en connection while still maintaining sufficient $uality. These $uality re$uirements are attempted to be met with the minimum transmission power in order to achie"e low interference in the radio networ . PC also pro"ides protection against large changes in propagation conditions li e shadowing and fading and is able to respond immediately to fast changes
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in S&/. PC is also needed to cope with the near>far problem and to get the S&/ "alue bac close to the target S&/ as fast as possible after each transmission gap in compressed mode @C.A. PC can be di"ided into 'pen loop power control @initial accessA 1ast closed loop power control 'uter loop power control
-mong PCLs other tas s are setting the constant power of the downlin common physical channels! setting the downlin power control range of dedicated physical channels! and setting the initial power of the dedicated physical channels. #ando"er Control @#CA controls the mobility of the 3( in the /-N. &n order to eep the power of its signal recei"ed at the 0TS constant! the 3( must raise its transmission power as it mo"es further away from the 0TS. To minimiIe transmission powers and conse$uently interference! the 3( should at all times be connected to the strongest cell. So #C maintains the radio lin $uality and minimiIes the radio networ interference by ensuring that the 3( is connected to the optimal cell with hando"ers. #C supports the following hando"er proceduresE &ntra>fre$uency soft:softer hando"er @S#'A &ntra>fre$uency hard hando"er @##'A &nter>fre$uency hando"er @&1#'A &nter>system @5S.A hando"er @&S#'A
.! +dmission Control (+C)

*hen any ind of radio resource re$uest is recei"ed in the /NC! the admission control of the //. estimates the minimum radio resources that are re$uired to pro"ide the $uality of ser"ice described in the re$uest. -dmission control then determines whether the radio resources are a"ailable. &f they are! it allocates them. The admission control algorithm is e%ecuted at radio access bearer @/-0A setup and modification. -dmission control is also in"ol"ed in all inds of hando"ers. -dmission control chec s that admitting a new connection will not sacrifice the planned co"erage area or the $uality of e%isting connections. The admission control algorithm estimates the load increase that the establishment of the bearer would cause in the radio networ . The load increase is estimated separately for the uplin @3+A and downlin @2+A directions. &n the decision procedure! admission control uses thresholds produced by radio networ planning and information about the uplin interference and downlin transmission power measured from the wideband channel. The criteria that admission control ta es into account in deciding and the resources that it finally allocates depend on the bearer traffic class @Con"ersational! streaming @/TA or interacti"e! bac ground @N/TA /-0A and resource re$uest type @e%. /-0 establishment or hando"erA -C cooperates with other //. functions. -cti"e Set information is recei"ed from #C. +C periodically pro"ides transmitted and recei"ed wideband power information! measured and reported by the base station on cell basis. PS informs admission control of the load caused by the non>real time @N/TA radio bearers. -C informs PS about the new radio bearers being admitted! reconfigured or released. -C pro"ides PC with $uality target parameters for outer loop power control. -C produces the configuration parameters for the signalling lin ! both radio bearer and transport channel parameters. -C also produces medium access control protocol @.-CA configuration parameters. &t defines the
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transfer mode of the radio lin control @/+CA and its configuration. -C pro"ides the pac et data con"ergence protocol @P2CPA with some control parameters. -C defines the &u user plane @&u 3PA operation modes and its configuration parameters. -C also produces some control parameters configured for the frame protocol @1PA entity.
.!.1
+C Functions
2ecision if new re$uest will be granted in system @for //C connection as well as for /-0A Calculation of initial! minimum and ma%imum transmission power le"els in 2+ O 3+ 5eneration of +8 parameters @/+C modes! .-CA Setting of radio bearer parameters @0+(/! (b:No! S&/ targetsA
-C performs se"eral functionsE
Fi$ure !!3 Flo0c6art for +C Functions -C calculations are triggered with content of /-0 assignment re$uest message from the CN for /-0 setup or /-0 modification. /NC reads 6oS parameters describing the re$uested ser"ice and calculates 0+(/ target for further processing of /-0 in /-N. -lso initial! ma%imum and minimum S&/ target and transmission power le"els for 3+ and 2+ are calculated and pro"ided to Power Control. The uplin -C estimates the additional load a re$uested bearer brings into the system whereas downlin -C calculates load changes based on measurements. -C distinguishes between controllable and non>controllable load. Non>controllable load is defined as load generated by /eal Time @/TA ser"ices li e CS "oice or CS "ideo call. &t is non>controllable since it cannot be controlled in an efficient way. Controllable load are mainly Non>/eal Time @N/TA ser"ices li e PS data call. The networ can efficiently control the scheduling of N/T pac ets according 6oS and o"erall networ load. The admission criteria must be fulfilled for the 3plin as well as for the 2ownlin direction > if one of the directions fails! the re$uest will be denied.
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.!.! +dmission .ecision There are three general steps for -C to deri"e the decision whether to grant a ser"ice in /-N or notE 1 8 = 1. /ecei"e measured power $uantities recei"ed from +oad Control @+CA 8. Power increase estimation =. Comparison against admission criteria thresholds @planning thresholdsA
.!.!.1 Measured po0er ?uantities +oad Control pro"ides the following needed load information on a cell basis in uplin and downlin E -"erage total wideband uplin recei"ed power @Pr%CtotalA -"erage total downlin transmitted power @Pt%CtotalA
The 0TS measures and a"erages the total wideband uplin recei"ed power @Pr%CtotalA and the total downlin transmitted power @Pt%CtotalA of each cell and reports to the /NC periodically @with the period determined by parameters RR&ndPeriod for No ia N0-P or PrxTotalRe2ortPeriod and PtxTotalRe2ortPeriod for =5PP N0-PA.
.!.!.!
Po0er increase estimation
Ne%t! -C estimates the increase in power caused by the re$uested ser"ice. &n the uplin ! -C estimates the increase in non>controllable 3+ load! VPr%Cnc! based on the 3+ load cur"e! re$uested bit rate! and (b:No "alues. &n the downlin ! -C estimates the increase in the total non>controllable transmission power! VPt%Cnc. VPt%Cnc is calculated as the initial downlin transmission power which is based on the re$uired (b:No! bit rate! chip rate! CP&C# (c:&o measured by the 3(! CP&C# transmit power! and the total downlin transmit power reported by the Node 0 @Pt%CtotalA. &n the estimation! -C also ta es into account the non>controllable traffic which is still in the establishment phase and just about to be allocated the re$uested bit rate @Pt%Cinacti"eA.
.!.!.# Comparison of estimated load increase a$ainst planned admission criteria t6res6olds &n the final step! after ha"ing estimated the load increase! -C compares against planned admission criteria thresholds. &n the uplin ! after ha"ing estimated the increase in uplin non>controllable load! VPr%Cnc! -C chec s against the following planned cell>le"el admission criteria @parameters PrxTar)et and Prx#""setAE Pr2;nc C DPr2;nc E Pr2;tar$et or Pr2;total E Pr2;tar$et;BTS :?uation 713 Uplin' admission criteria where Pr%Cnc is the current recei"ed uplin power caused by non>controllable load VPr%Cnc is the estimated increase in recei"ed uplin power caused by non>controllable load Pr%Ctarget is the ma%imum planned threshold for recei"ed uplin power @parameter PrxTar)et+
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Pr%Ctotal is the total measured recei"ed uplin power @sum of recei"ed power caused by non>controllable traffic Pr%Cnc and recei"ed power caused by controllable traffic of N/T users Pr%CnrtA. Pr%CtargetC0TS is the uplin o"erload threshold for recei"ed power @sum of parameter PrxTar)et and parameter Prx#""setA The "alue of Pr%Ctarget @parameter PrxTar)et+ is defined in relation to Pr%Cnoise! the recei"ed noise power le"el @parameter Prx3oise+ which is controlled with the noise auto>tuning algorithm of the load control @parameter PrxAutotunin)AllowedA. See also 1igure 8=$ The parameter Prx3oise @uplin noise le"elA includes thermal noise! the recei"erUs noise figure! interference caused by spurious emissions from other systems! and noise cause by e$uipment such as repeaters! and so on. &t can "ary from place to place and e"en from time to time. &t is "ery important that Prx3oise is estimated accurately! as it has a direct effect on the capacity of the cell in $uestion. 3nderestimation of Prx3oise causes o"erestimation of the cell load @-C denies more capacity re$uests than it shouldA and can lead to unnecessary call bloc ing. '"erestimation of Prx3oise causes underestimation of the cell load @-C admits more capacity re$uests than it shouldA and can lead to an o"erload situation. The /NC pro"ides tools to measure system noise @ PrxUnloadedA as well as the tools to adjust the "alue of the uplin noise le"el @Prx3oiseA. Prx3oise can either be set to a fi%ed "alue at the radio networ planning stage! or allowed to fluctuate according to the current conditions with the help of an autotuning algorithm. The autotuning algorithm of Prx3oise can be switched on or off on a cell>by>cell basis using the parameter Prx3oiseAutotunin).
Fi$ure !#3 Planned uplin' recei4ed po0er mar$ins of a cell &n the downlin ! -C compares the calculated load increase against the planning thresholds @parameters PtxTar)et and Ptx#""setAE Pt2;nc C DPt2;nc E Pt2;tar$et or Pt2;total E Pt2;tar$et;BTS :?uation 7!3 .o0nlin' admission criteria where Pt%Cnc is the transmitted downlin power caused by non>controllable traffic
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VPt%Cnc is the estimated increase in the total non>controllable transmission power Pt%Ctarget is the ma%imum planned threshold for transmitted downlin power @parameter PtxTar)et+ Pt%Ctotal is the total transmitted downlin power @sum of transmitted power caused by non>controllable traffic Pt%Cnc and transmitted power caused by controllable traffic of N/T users Pt%CnrtA Pt%CtargetC0TS is the downlin o"erload threshold for transmitted power @sum of parameter PtxTar)et and parameter Ptx#""setA Pt%Cempty is the transmission powers of the common downlin physical channels in the cell Pma% is the ma%imum 0TS output power See also 1igure 84$
Fi$ure !%3 Planned do0nlin' transmitted po0er mar$ins of a cell NoteE The admission criteria must be fulfilled for both the uplin as well as for the downlin direction > if the conditions for one of the directions fail! the re$uest will be denied. Please refer to Section 9.4 on +oad Control @+CA for pre"enti"e actions just before o"erloading @marginal areaA and o"erload actions during o"erloading @o"erload areaA.
.!.# RT o4er /RT and Pre7:mption Pac et>switched interacti"e and bac ground @N/TA ser"ices may use high bit rates especially in downlin transfer direction. Therefore! it can happen that the establishment of a con"ersational or streaming @/TA /-0 re$uires that resources from the N/T are remo"ed! their bit rates are downgraded! and the released resources for the arri"ing /T resource re$uest are allocated > the /T o"er N/T feature. Similarly! there can be situations when it is not possible to establish a prioritiIed /-0 @for e%ample! the /-0 of an emergency callA without releasing lower priority real time bearers. The pre>emption procedure is initiated to enable immediate establishment of the prioritiIed /-0. .!.%
Mana$ement Parameters for +dmission Control
This section introduces management parameters that can be used to control the function of admission control. -dmission control also uses management parameters other than those defined as belonging to admission control.
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These management parameters including default recommended "alues are described in more detail in -nne% 1E 4C-MA RAS50$6 Parameter -ictionar!. Please refer to Section ;.1.? for the recommended "alues of the main -C parameters.
+dmission Control
.!.%.1 R/C parameters
Signalling radio bearer bit rate at //C connection establishment Stand-lone2CC#0it/ate 2ownlin puncturing limit 2+puncturing+imit 3plin puncturing limit 3+puncturing+imit .a%imum 2+ bit rate per spreading factor 2+ma%0it/atePerS1 .a%imum 3+ bit rate per spreading factor 3+ma%0it/atePerS1 .a%imum number of re>attempts to hunt resources .a%Number'f/e-ttemptsCong .a%imum freeIing time .a%1reeIingTime PS domain /T ser"ice /Tser"ices1orPS WPS streaming ser"ice a"ailableL @8A is the only allowed "alue. #eader compression algorithm of P2CP #eaderCompression.ethod U#eader compression not usedU @0A is the only allowed "alue. *ait time in //C connection re$uest rejection *aitTime//C This parameter is a structure composed of the following management parametersE *aitTime//Ccon"ersational! *aitTime//Cstreaming! *aitTime//Cinteracti"e! *aitTime//Cbac ground! *aitTime//Csubscribed! *aitTime//Cemergency! *aitTime//Cinter/-Treselection! *aitTime//Cregistration! *aitTime//ChighPrioritySignalling! *aitTime//ClowPrioritySignalling! *aitTime//Cun nown! *aitTime//Cother. 3plin scrambling code minimum "alue 3lScrCode.in 3plin scrambling code ma%imum "alue 3lScrCode.a%
Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE NoteE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE NoteE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE NoteE
Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE
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Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE
Xero siIe transport bloc to +1 C/C calculation T12C#Xero0it/ate Configured CS -./ mode sets CS-./.odeS(T Period for CS -./ //C T1C control re$uests Period3+/C-./
.!.%.!
-BTS parameters
Period for CS -./ //C T1C control re$uests Period3+/C-./ 2PC# downlin transmission power minimum "alue Pt%2PC#min 3+ measurement a"eraging window for -C *in-C/-0setup3+ 2+ measurement a"eraging window for -C *in-C/-0setup2+ /-C# load indication period /-C#load&ndicationPeriod 0lind transport format detection capability of 0TS 0lindT1detection3sage Number of 2C#s per /+ capability of 0TS 2C#Number/+ .a% 3+ user rate per /+ .a%2C#3ser/ate/+3+ .a% 2+ user rate per /+ .a%2C#3ser/ate/+2+
Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE
.!.%.#
-C:& parameters
.a% 2+ user rate per /+ .a%2C#3ser/ate/+2+ .#- used .#Cable +oss Cable+oss /% 2i"ersity &ndicator /D2i"&ndicator
Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE
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Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE
.a%imum 3( transmission power on 2PC# 3(t%Power.a%2PC# .a%imum 3( transmission power on P/-C# 3(t%Power.a%P/-C# 'ffset of the P>CP&C# and reference ser"ice powers CP&C#to/ef/-0offset 2ownlin bit rate of the reference ser"ice 2+reference0it/ate 2ownlin 0+(/ target of the reference ser"ice 2+referenceTarget0+(/ Planned ma%imum downlin transmission power of a radio lin Pt%2+abs.a% .a%imum transmitted code power of PS streaming /-0 Pt%PSstream-bs.a% /adio lin downlin power control range PCrange2+ .a%imum downlin bit rate for PS domain N/T data .a%0it/ate2+PSN/T .a%imum uplin bit rate for PS domain N/T data .a%0it/ate3+PSN/T 0it rate set for PS N/T 2C#s 0it/ateSetPSN/T S23 discard mode for /T PS /-0 employing /+C -. S23discard.ode/TPS
&oad Control
.!.%.% -BTS parameters
/adio /esource &ndication Period @No ia proprietary N0-PA //&ndPeriod Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE
.!.%.*
-C:& parameters
Target for recei"ed power Pr%Target 'ffset for recei"ed power Pr%'ffset
Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE
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Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE
3plin noise le"el Pr%Noise Target for transmitted power Pt%Target 'ffset for transmitted power Pt%'ffset /eporting period of Transmitted carrier power @=5PP N0-PA Pt%Total/eportPeriod /eporting period of /ecei"ed total wideband power @=5PP N0-PA Pr%Total/eportPeriod /eporting Period of -c nowledged P/-C# Preambles @=5PP N0-PA /-C#load/eportPeriod
Po0er Control
.!.%., -C:& parameters
Transmission power of the primary CP&C# channel Pt%PrimaryCP&C# Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE
.# Pac'et Sc6eduler (PS)

.#.1 /on7Controllable and Controllable &oad The load caused by /T traffic cannot be controlled in efficient way. This /T traffic load as well as interference from other cell users and noise is called non>controllable load. The a"ailable capacity which is not used for non> controllable load can be used for N/T radio bearers on best effort basis @see 1igure 8?A. The load caused by best effort N/T traffic is called controllable load. To fill the whole load budget and achie"e the ma%imum capacity! the functionality to allocate N/T traffic needs to be fast. Pac et Scheduler @PSA ta es care of scheduling radio resources for N/T radio bearers in both uplin and downlin directions.
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Fi$ure !*3 Capacit= di4ision bet0een non7controllable and controllable traffic -dmission control and pac et scheduler both participate to the handling of non>real time radio bearers! as shown in 1igure 8B. -dmission control ta es care of admission and release of the radio access bearer. /adio resources are not reser"ed for the whole time of a PS N/T connection but only when there is actual data to transmit. Pac et scheduler allocates appropriate radio resources for the duration of a pac et call! i.e. acti"e data transmission. -s shown in the figure! short inacti"e periods during a pac et call may occur! due to bursty traffic.
%A7
%A( assi"nment re1uest ad mission &ontrol
C 7
%A7
%A7
%A7
%elease &o mm and
C 7
.a&'et s&heduler
.a&'et s&heduler
0 u release &o m.let e
%adio8 (,S and tr ans.ort resour&e allo&ation %A( assi"nment res.onse
%adio8 (,S and tr ans.ort resour&e release
2it rate
%A( allo&ated
%A( released
time
%adio8 (,S and t ransmission resour&es reser!ed 2ased on a&ti!it/ of t he 7%, session )&ont rolled 2/ .a&'et s&heduler in %7C *
Fi$ure !,3 Interaction bet0een +dmission Control and Pac'et Sc6eduler for /RT Radio Bearers
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.#.! Pac'et .ata Transfer States The /adio /esource Control @//CA handles the control plane signalling of +ayer = between the 3(s and /-N. *hen the signalling connection e%ists! there is an //C connection and the 3( is in 3T/- //C connected mode. &n 3T/- //C connected mode! the location of 3( is nown either on 3T/-N registration area @3/-A or on a cell le"el. 3( lea"es the 3T/- //C connected mode and returns to idle mode when the //C connection is released or at //C connection failure. 1igure 89 shows the //C states and state transitions supported by No ia.
Conne&ted mode Cell +C
Cell DC
Cell -AC
%%C Conne&tion %%C %%C Conne&tion Conne&tion %%C %%CConne&tion Conne&tion %elease Esta2lishment %elease
0dle mode
Fi$ure ! 3 RRC States and State Transitions supported b= /o'ia *hen the 3( location is nown on cell le"el! it is either in C(++C1-C#! C(++C2C# or C(++CPC# state. The //C connection mobility is then handled by hando"er procedures and cell updates C(++C2C# state is characteriIed by the allocation of a dedicated transport channel to the 3(. The C(++C2C# state is entered from the idle mode through the setup of an //C connection! or by establishing a dedicated channel @2C#A from the C(++C1-C# state. Transition from C(++C2C# state to idle mode is realiIed through the release of the //C connection. Transition from C(++C2C# state to C(++C1-C# state can occur either through the e%piration of inacti"ity timers @&nactivit!TimerU2lin7-CH! &nactivit!Timer-ownlin7-CH! and Si)nalin)(in7&nactivit!TimerA or "ia e%plicit signalling. &n the C(++C1-C# state! the 3( will continuously monitor the 1-C#. &n this state! the 3( is able to transmit uplin control signals and may be able to transmit small data pac ets on the /-C#. - transition from C(++C1-C# to C(++C2C# state occurs when a dedicated transport channel is established "ia e%plicit signalling. Since the 3( performs continuous reception of 1-C# in C(++C1-C# state! it should be mo"ed to the C(++CPC# state if the data ser"ice has not been acti"e for a while! as defined by the e%piration of an inacti"ity timer @ U(8-( activation timerA. *hen the timer e%pires! the 3( state is changed to C(++CPC# in order to decrease 3( power consumption. -lso! if the 3( is mo"ed from the C(++CPC# state to the C(++C1-C# state to perform a cell update procedure! the 3( state is changed bac to C(++CPC# state if neither the 3( nor the networ has any data to transmit after the procedure has been performed. The release of the //C connection mo"es the 3( to the idle mode.
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&n C(++CPC# state! the 3( listens to the PC# transport channel. The 2CC# logical channel cannot be used in this state. &f the networ wants to initiate any acti"ity! it needs to ma e a paging re$uest on the PCC# logical channel in the nown cell to initiate any downlin acti"ity. The 3( initiates a cell update procedure when it selects a new cell. The only o"erhead in eeping a 3( in the C(++CPC# state is the potential possibility of cell updating when the 3( mo"es to other cells. The 3( is mo"ed to the idle mode @"ia C(++C1-C# stateA when low acti"ity is obser"ed. This can be controlled with an inacti"ity timer @ MSActivit!Su2ervisionA. The 3( is transferred from C(++CPC# to C(++C1-C# state either by a paging commands from /-N or through any uplin access. .#.# +pplicable transport c6annels and c6annel t=pe selection -ccording to 3( state! current channel allocations! system load! radio performance of different transport channels! load of common channels and transport channel traffic "olumes! the pac et scheduler selects appropriate transport channel for the non>real time radio bearer of the 3(. 1or general information on transport channels! see Section ?.?. .#.#.1 Uplin' transport c6annel t=pe selection &n uplin direction! the decision of the used transport channel type is done by 3(. 0ased on current status of bearer allocations! traffic "olume measurements performed by .-C and buffer le"els of /+C! 3( ma es the decision of the used channel type. &f the data amount in /+C buffer is under specified threshold! random access channel @/-C#A is selected and the user data to be transmitted is included into one or se"eral /-C# bursts. *hen dedicated transport channel is selected! capacity has to be re$uested from /-N and 3( sends measurement report to /NC. /NC participates in the uplin channel type selection procedure by setting the rele"ant parameters to 3( for traffic "olume measurements! which are included in the measurement control message. The measured $uantity is /+C buffer payload in number of bytes. 0oth new and retransmitted /+C payload units are included in the payload measurements. ("ent triggered traffic "olume measurement reporting is used @/eporting e"ent 4-A. Traffic "olume measurement triggering could be associated with a time>to>trigger and a pending time after trigger. The time>to>trigger is used to get time domain hysteresis! i.e. the condition must be fulfilled during the time>to> trigger time before a report is sent. Pending time after trigger is used to limit consecuti"e reports when one traffic "olume measurement report already has been sent. .#.#.! .o0nlin' transport c6annel t=pe selection Pac et scheduler and medium access control @.-CA layer decides on the channel type to be used for pac et data transfer in downlin . *hen 3( is in C(++C1-C# state and data arri"es to the downlin /+C buffer in /NC! /+C indicates buffer status to .-C entity that handles common and shared channels of one cell. &n .-C! the channel type selection is performed based on /+C buffer status information. -fter the channel type selection is performed! .-C initiates data transmission on 1-C# or when the 2C# is selected! it sends capacity re$uest @downlin traffic "olume measurement reportA to the PS. /NC configuration parameter @pending time after triggerA defines the time between consecuti"e capacity re$uests. New capacity re$uest is sent to PS if there is no response during the defined time. 1-C# is in o"erload when 1-C# load e%ceeds a set threshold. PS forbids 1-C# usage when /-C# load or when total transmitted carrier power in downlin e%ceeds the set thresholds. The chec ing of total transmission power is done! because from the interference point of "iew the 1-C# is less efficient when compared to 2C#! because of the lac of fast power control. 1rom the signalling point of "iew the 1-C# is more efficient than 2C#! because it does not re$uire += signalling. &f 1-C# is used when the cell is not hea"ily loaded it decreases the total signalling load of /NC. &f common channels could not be used for pac et data transfer! pac et scheduler shall use 2C#. .#.% Common c6annel pac'et sc6edulin$ &f the common channel is selected when 3( performs uplin channel type selection! random access procedure is initiated and the user data is transmitted in one or se"eral /-C# bursts.
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&n downlin ! the scheduling of the common channels is done in /NC. 'n .-C layer different logical channels are mapped to either PC# @Paging ChannelA or 1-C# @1orward -ccess ChannelA transport channels. PCC# @Paging Control ChannelA is mapped to PC#! whereas 0CC# @0roadcast Control ChannelA! CCC# @Common Control ChannelA! 2TC# @Common Traffic ChannelA! 2CC# @2edicated Control ChannelA and 2TC# @2edicated Traffic ChannelA are mapped to 1-C# transport channels. &n each cell there are separate 1-C# channels for control plane and user plane. &n addition! if ser"ice area broadcast is used! separate 1-C# e%ists for CTC#. PC# and 1-C# channels are mapped to SCCPC# @Secondary common control physical channelA on physical layer. 1or PC#! there can be separate SCCPC# in a cell! or alternati"ely! it can be multiple%ed to same SCCPC# with 1-C# channels. 'n the 1-C# different types of user and signalling data are transmitted. These data flows may support different 6oS re$uirements and thus different 6oS must be ta en into account along with the fairness between the data flows. 3ser data streams @2TC# trafficA contains such data! for which the only Jbest effortJ data transfer can be pro"ided. This means that these data flows are transmitted through 1-C# only when there is free capacity left from the other data flows. No strict delay or throughput re$uirements can be set. 3sing traffic classes and traffic handling priorities in 1-C# scheduling enable 6oS differentiation between pac et data users. .#.* .edicated c6annel pac'et sc6edulin$ Pac et scheduling is done on cell basis. Since the asymmetric traffic is supported and the load may "ary a lot between uplin and downlin ! capacity is allocated separately for both directions. #owe"er! when dedicated channel is allocated to one direction! it also has to be allocated to other direction as well! e"en if the capacity need was triggered only for one direction. Pac et scheduler allocates dedicated channel with low data rate for other direction! which carries higher layer @TCPA ac nowledgements! data lin layer @/+CA ac nowledgements! data lin layer control and power control information. This low bit rate channel is typically referred as Ureturn channelU. Pac et scheduler functionality consists of 3( and cell specific parts. The main functions of the 3( specific part of the pac et scheduler are traffic "olume measurement management for each transport channel of the 3(! ta ing care of 3( radio access capabilities and monitoring allocations for the non>real time radio bearers. Soft hando"er is also possible for the dedicated channels allocated for non>real time radio bearers. 2uring soft hando"er! pac et scheduling is done in e"ery cell in the acti"e set! and the 3( specific part of the pac et scheduling function is the controlling entity between the cell specific functions. The principle of load distribution in a *C2.- cell is that load targets for total load in a cell for uplin and downlin are set by radio networ planning so that those will be the optimal operating points of the system load. &n wideband power based //. the uplin total recei"ed wideband interference power and downlin transmitted carrier power are the $uantities measured by base station! which are planned to be below the target "alues. &nstantaneously these targets can be e%ceeded due to changes of interference and propagation conditions. &f the system load e%ceeds the load threshold in either uplin or downlin an o"erload situation occurs and load control actions are ta en into use to return the load to acceptable le"el. Pac et scheduler operates periodically! i.e. cell specific pac et scheduler processes capacity re$uests and allocates radio resources within a scheduling period! controlled by radio networ planning parameter. The "alue of this can be for e%ample once per 800 ms. 1low chart in 1igure 8; shows the basic functionality of the pac et scheduler.
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+a&'et s&hedulin" al"orithm
+ro&ess &a.a&it/ re1uests C al&ulate load 2ud"et for .a&'et s&hedulin"
:es
Load 2elo$ tar"et le!el
7o 9 !erload threshold e3&eeded :es
7o
0n&rease loadin"
De&rease loadin"
Allo&ate5modif/5release radio resour&es
Fi$ure !"3 Flo0 c6art of pac'et sc6eduler basic functionalit=. &n addition to load target and o"erload threshold! the ma%imum allowed load increase and decrease margins are important parameters to a"oid pea s in interference and to maintain system stability. PS can differentiate 6oS of the non>real time users by arranging the capacity re$uests for 2C# scheduling according to the following criterionE -rri"al time of capacity re$uest 0earer class @interacti"e class! bac ground classA Traffic handling priority within interacti"e class bearers
*hen the arri"al time of the capacity re$uest is ta en into account! the oldest capacity re$uest which has been the longest time in the $ueue is the best one. 0earer class may be ta en into account so that interacti"e class bearers always ha"e higher priority than bac ground class bearers and should be scheduled first. Traffic handling priority within bearer class may be ta en into account to distinguish bearers within interacti"e bearer class. The bit rate allocation method uses the following principlesE &nitial allocated bit rate is low! according to cell specific radio networ parameters. 0it rate can be upgraded if needed @data amount in buffer increasesA &f the data amount in buffer is abo"e the specified threshold @/NP parameterA! high initial bit rate can be allocated. planning
The reason to allocate low initial uplin bit rate and upgrade the bit rate later if needed is that because only small re$uests and ac nowledgements are sent in uplin ! the bit rate does not need to be that high unless greater amount of data is to be transmitted. .#., .=namic lin' optimisation (.=&o) for /RT traffic co4era$e &t may not be possible to use the ma%imum bit rate for a PS N/T data call throughout a gi"en cell! because power constraints limit the bit rate allocation at the border area of a cell. &n other words! when the highest possible transmission power is used! the 3(>specific downlin transmission power cannot be further increased! thereby hindering the 3( to recei"e data with sufficient $uality.
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The solution to this problem is to drop the bit rate of the non>real time radio bearer @and the radio lin A when the /NC detects that the 0TS is transmitting with the ma%imum power allowed for the radio lin ! and dynamic lin optimiIation @2y+oA is triggered. The 2y+o trigger threshold is defined by the parameter -(#2timisationPwr#""set and the calculated "alue of the ma%imum downlin transmission code power Pt%!ma%. Pt%!ma% is calculated by -dmission Control @-CA depending on the 2C# bit rate! the parameters PtxPrimar!CP&CH and CP&CHtoRe"RA.o""set! and the planned ma%imum downlin transmission power as determined by the parameters Ptx-(a9smax and Ptx-PCHmax. 0y allowing the bit rate to be adjusted according to this criterion! the co"erage of the non>real time user is impro"ed! as illustrated in 1igure 8< on the principle of dynamic lin optimiIation @2y+oA. This feature can be acti"ated:deacti"ated with the management parameter -!namic lin7 o2timisation usa)e *-(#2timisationUsa)e+ which also indicates the number of steps the S1 is increased$
037-bps '%
186-bps
&lose to ma3imum %adio lin' is modified to use 2it rate $hen ,3 .o$er is lo$er "ettin" &lose to ma3imum &lose to ma3imum 8 DC% +S and 0S 9 +S;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
Fi$ure !13 .=namic lin' optimisation for /RT traffic co4era$e .#. Pac'et sc6eduler interruption timer Pac et scheduler interruption timer enables operator to control the ma%imum time allocated for one N/T dedicated transport channel. *hen the timer e%pires! the pac et scheduler of /NC releases the dedicated transport channel and the related radio lin s. The 3( is mo"ed to CellC1-C# state! unless it has other dedicated channels allocated. The release is triggered only if there is a new N/T capacity re$uest in a scheduling $ueue of any cell within the same 0TS. The /-0 can be again ser"ed "ia the normal state transitions and pac et scheduling procedures and rules. The /-0 whose resources were released is not prioritiIed o"er other /-0s in the scheduling $ueue. This feature impro"es the end user $uality by chec ing that one user doesnLt reser"e resources for too long a time thus pre"enting other users to obtain resources. The feature usage is controlled separately for &nteracti"e and 0ac ground traffic classes by 0TS le"el parameters at the /NC. Note that the feature J(nhanced Priority 0ased Scheduling '"erload Control for N/T TrafficJ @see Section 9.=.;A should be used instead of the pac et scheduler interruption timer since it is a more sophisticated feature for congestion. .#." :n6anced priorit= based sc6edulin$ and o4erload control for /RT traffic (nhanced priority based scheduling and o"erload control for N/T traffic allows alternati"e methods for pac et scheduling policy and downlin o"erload control. These alternati"e methods! which can be enabled by /NC configuration parameters! are based on radio bearer reconfiguration procedures. 1igure =0 shows the principles in enhanced priority based scheduling and o"erload control for N/T traffic. $TS
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2it rate 7%, %( 1
% e&onfi"uration of (1 %e&onfi"uration of % % (1
%e&onfi"uration (1 %e&onfi"urationof of % % (1
2it rate 7%, %( 2 7%, %( 1 %, traffi&
7%, %( 2
%, traffi&
<< i"her<5<e1ual i"her<5<e1ual or or hi"her<5<an/< hi"her<5<an/< .riorit/ .riorit/ re1uest re1uest %(2 %(2
time
9 !erload dete&tion 9!erload dete&tion
time
Fi$ure #@3 :n6anced priorit= based sc6edulin$ and o4erload control for /RT traffic. *ith the standard functionality of the pac et scheduling algorithm! traffic handling priority is ta en into account when allocating dedicated resources for N/T traffic within a configurable scheduling period. (nhanced priority based scheduling algorithm by radio lin reconfigurations bring more powerful differentiation capabilities and better 6oS with an enhanced bit rate allocation algorithm and priority handling. Now! e%isting N/T allocations can be downgraded or released if there are WhigherL : Lhigher or e$ualL : LanyL priority users @/NC configuration parameterA re$uesting capacity in a congested situation. Congestion of the following resources can trigger the enhanced priority based scheduling functionE downlin power! uplin interference! downlin spreading code! 0TS 2SP #* and &ub transmission. The standard downlin o"erload control for N/T traffic is such that highest bit rates are denied for selected channels until the load decreases to the target le"el. *ith enhanced o"erload control for downlin N/T traffic! the transport channel bit rates of the selected channels are decreased using the radio bearer reconfiguration procedure when there is o"erload. &n this way! the transmission power le"els are decreased which reduces "ariation in total power le"el and impro"es 6oS and capacity. Note that the (nhanced Priority 0ased Scheduling '"erload Control for N/T Traffic feature should be used instead of the pac et scheduler interruption timer @see Section 9.=.9A since it is a more sophisticated feature for congestion. .#.1 T6rou$6put Based Optimisation of t6e Pac'et Sc6eduler +l$orit6m Throughput based optimisation algorithm is used to downgrade the channel bit rate so that the bit rate meets the actual capacity re$uirement and utiliIation. The N/T 2C# channel can be e"en released if the utilisation of the channel is low enough. -llocating just the right bit rate to the needs of the application enhances the resource usage of 0TS #*! transmission and downlin spreading codes! and the capacity loss caused by too high bit rate allocations in the networ is a"oided. 1unctionality can be applied to interacti"e and bac ground radio access bearers and it can be acti"ated separately for different N/T traffic classes and traffic handling priority "alues with the parameter PS#2ThroUsa)e. +owest bit rate in the case of N/T 2C# downgrade is defined by minimum allowed bit rate managed by MinAllowed.itRateU( and MinAllowed.itRate-( which are new /-S0?.1 /NC configuration parameters that separate the minimum bit rate from the initial bit rate. 'ptimisation is based on throughput measurement of the channel. The throughput is measured on /NC .-C>d. The uplin and downlin 2C# resource reser"ations are adapted independently but the 2C#s can be released only if the utilisation of the channels in both directions is low enough at the same time. &n 1igure =1! the a"eraged throughput is shown in proportion to the ma%imum user bit rate of the currently allocated 2C#. The upper and lower thresholds trigger the 2C# downgrade to the target bit rate when the throughput decreases below a configurable "alue. Two different target bit rates for downgrade can be defined for each bit rate. &f the throughput decreases below the release threshold! the 2C# is released. There are three different throughput measurement typesE release! lower downgrade and upper downgrade. 2ifferent throughput
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measurement types are acti"ated or deacti"ated independently of each other! and the a"eraging parameters can be configured separately for each measurement type and bit rate. - longer a"eraging time is typically used with the upper threshold! which means that the lower threshold may trigger before the upper threshold.
1==> a!e?throu"h.ut do$ n"rade?threshold 1 do$ n"rade?threshold 2 release?threshold
send do$n"rade re1uest to +S
send release re1uest to +S
Fi$ure #13 T6rou$6put based optimisation of t6e PS al$orit6m feature.
.#.1@
Fle2ible Up$rade of /RT .C8 .ata Rate

1le%ible upgrade feature together with the throughput based optimiIation feature ma e the resource allocations of N/T 2C# fully optimiIed. These enhanced pac et scheduler functions upgrade and downgrade N/T 2C# data rate in a dynamic manner! based on the usage of the current resource and need for new resources. 1le%ible 3pgrade co"ers the upgrade part while Throughput 'ptimiIation co"ers the downgrade part of the enhanced pac et scheduling. Throughput based optimiIation pac et scheduling enhancements downgrade 2C# data rate based on load! resource utiliIation! co"erage! etc. *ith more fre$uent downgrades! the upgrade also needs to be done in a fle%ible manner in order not to compromise the end user e%perience in case there is free capacity a"ailable. &n standard pac et scheduling without lightweight fle%ible upgrade! the bit rate of N/T 2C# can be upgraded only if allocated 2C# bit rate is e$ual or lower than initial and minimum bit rate. +ightweight fle%ible upgrade of N/T 2C# data rate enables bit rate upgrades from all bit rate le"els. 1le%ible upgrade of N/T 2C# data rate introduces further enhancements for the upgrade procedures! pro"iding higher throughput for the end user and efficient use of resources. 1le%ible upgrade allows upgrading the N/T 2C# bit rate from any bit rate up to the ma%imum bit rate of the radio bearer when certain predetermined conditions are met. The usage of the feature is controlled with the /N* configuration parameter Usa)e o" the "lexi9le u2)rade o" the 3RT -CH data rate @,lexU2)rUsa)eA. The feature is also acti"ated for the uplin N/T 2C# #S2P- return channel if both /NP parameters -!nUsa)eHS-PAReturnChannel and ,lexU2)rUsa)e are set on. The fle%ible upgrade of the N/T 2C# data rate is based on traffic "olume measurements and high throughput measurements both in uplin and downlin . Traffic "olume thresholds can be defined separately for each bit rate in 2+ and in 3+! instead of only one threshold as in the basic pac et scheduling. Thus the upgrade can be made sensiti"e to the current resource allocation.
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3nnecessary upgrades can be a"oided with the throughput measurement in /NC .-C>d. 3pgrade can be allowed only if the current 2C# utilisation @throughputA is abo"e an operator defined threshold! as presented in 1igure =8. 1le%ible upgrade of N/T 2C# data rate a"oids unnecessary upgrades and ma es an efficient use of resources li e the radio interface.
(it rate is u."raded

DC 2it rate
7%, DC
,raffi& !olume
%LC2uffer
,hrou"h.ut 5 DC 2it rate
DC utilisation
Dperator #efine# threshol#s
Fi$ure #!3 Fle2ible up$rade of /RT .C8 data rate
.#.11 Mana$ement Parameters for Pac'et Sc6edulin$ These management parameters including default recommended "alues are described in more detail in -nne% 1E 4C-MA RAS50$6 Parameter -ictionar!. .#.11.1 Uplin' and do0nlin' po0er delta parameters
Parameter name
.a%imum uplin power increase in pac et scheduling .a%imum downlin power increase in pac et scheduling .a%imum uplin power decrease in pac et scheduling .a%imum downlin power decrease in pac et scheduling
+bbre4iated name
2eltaPr%.a%3p 2eltaPt%.a%3p 2eltaPr%.a%2own 2eltaPt%.a%2own
.#.11.! Uplin' c6annel t=pe selection parameters
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Parameter name
3plin traffic "olume measurement low threshold 3plin traffic "olume measurement high threshold 3plin traffic "olume measurement time to trigger 3plin traffic "olume measurement pending time after trigger 3plin N-S signalling "olume threshold
+bbre4iated name
Traf)olThreshold3++ow Traf)olThreshold3+#igh Traf)olTimeToTrigger3+ Traf)olPendingTime3+ N-Ssign)olThr3+
.#.11.# .o0nlin' c6annel t=pe selection parameters
Parameter name
2ownlin traffic "olume measurement low threshold 2ownlin traffic "olume measurement high threshold 2ownlin traffic "olume measurement time to trigger 2ownlin traffic "olume measurement pending time after trigger Threshold for /-C# load for downlin channel type selection .argin for /-C# load for downlin channel type selection Threshold for 1-C# load for downlin channel type selection .argin for 1-C# load for downlin channel type selection Threshold for total downlin transmission power for downlin channel type selection .argin for total downlin transmission power for downlin channel type selection 2ownlin N-S signalling "olume threshold
+bbre4iated name
Traf)olThreshold2++ow Traf)olThreshold2+#igh Traf)olTimeToTrigger2+ Traf)olPendingTime2+ /ach+oadThresholdCC# /ach+oad.arginCC# 1ach+oadThresholdCC# 1ach+oad.arginCC# Pt%ThresholdCC# Pt%.arginCC# N-Ssign)olThr2+
.#.11.% Ot6er radio net0or' plannin$ parameters
Parameter name
+oad measurement a"eraging window siIe .inimum allowed bit rate in uplin .inimum allowed bit rate in downlin &nitial bit rate in uplin &nitial bit rate in downlin /adio resource indication period @No ia N0-PA /eporting period of Transmitted carrier power @=5PP N0-PA /eporting period of /ecei"ed total wideband power @=5PP N0-PA
+bbre4iated name
PS-"eraging*indowSiIe .in-llowed0it/ate3+ .in-llowed0it/ate2+ &nitial0it/ate3+ &nitial0it/ate2+ //&ndPeriod Pt%Total/eportPeriod Pr%Total/eportPeriod
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Parameter name
Pac et scheduler interruption timer for bac ground traffic Pac et scheduler interruption timer for interacti"e traffic Threshold for the uplin 2C# release measurement Threshold for the downlin 2C# release measurement .inimum duration for N/T 2C# allocation in enhanced o"erload control operations T% power of radio lin a"eraging window siIe for 2+' T% power of radio lin a"eraging window siIe for PS *indow siIe for high throughput measurement Threshold below the N/T 2C# data rate for high throughput measurement Time to trigger for high throughput measurement Traffic "olume threshold for uplin N/T 2C# bit rates Traffic "olume threshold for downlin N/T 2C# bit rates 2ynamic usage of 3+ N/T 2C# #S2Preturn channel 3sage of fle%ible upgrade of N/T 2C# data rate Throughput>based optimisation of the PS algorithm *indow siIe for release throughput measurement *indow siIe for lower throughput measurement *indow siIe for upper throughput measurement Time to trigger for release throughput measurement Time to trigger for lower throughput measurement Time to trigger for upper throughput measurement +ower downgrade threshold 3pper downgrade threshold Threshold below the downgrade bit rate 5uard time for throughput measurement
+bbre4iated name
PS&Timer1or0ac groundTraffic PS&Timer1or&nteracti"eTraffic 2C#3til/elThr3+ 2C#3til/elThr2+ 'CdlNrt2C#granted.in-llocT 2+'/+-"eraging*indowSiIe PS/+-"eraging*indowSiIe 2C#3til#igh-"e*in 2C#3til#igh0elowN/T2C#2ata/ateThr 2C#3til#ighTimeToTrigger Traf)olThreshold3+#igh0it/ate Traf)olThreshold2+#igh0it/ate 2yn3sage#S2P-/eturnChannel 1le%3pgr3sage PS'pThro3sage 2C#3til/el-"e*in 2C#3til+ower-"e*in0it/ate 2C#3til3pper-"e*in0it/ate 2C#3til/elTimeToTrigger 2C#3til+owerTimeToTrigger0it/ate 2C#3til3pperTimeToTrigger0it/ate 2C#3til+ower2owngradeThr0it/ate 2C#3til3pper2owngradeThr0it/ate 2C#3til0elow2owngradeThr 2C#3til.eas5uardTime
.#.11.* R/C confi$uration parameters
Parameter name
Scheduling period PS load control period .a%imum uplin capacity re$uest $ueuing time .a%imum downlin capacity re$uest
+bbre4iated name
SchedulingPeriod +oadControlPeriodPS Cr6ueuingTime3+ Cr6ueuingTime2+
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Parameter name
$ueuing time 3plin capacity re$uest handling policy 2ownlin capacity re$uest handling policy &nacti"ity timer for uplin 2C# &nacti"ity timer for downlin 2C# 'ffset for acti"ation time Priority based scheduling policy 5ranted minimum allocation time in priority based scheduling for high priority target 2C# 5ranted minimum allocation time in priority based scheduling for e$ual priority target 2C# 5ranted minimum allocation time in priority based scheduling for low priority target 2C# 1actor for minimum inter"al between priority based scheduling operations for a 2C# 2ynamic lin optimisation usage Power offset for dynamic lin optimisation 2ynamic lin optimisation prohibit time
+bbre4iated name
Cr#andlingPolicy3+ Cr#andlingPolicy2+ &nacti"ityTimer3plin 2C# &nacti"ityTimer2ownlin 2C# -cti"ationTime'ffset P0Spolicy P0Sgranted.in2C#allocThigherP P0Sgranted.in2C#allocTe$ualP P0Sgranted.in2C#allocTlowerP 1actor.inP0Sinter"al 2+'ptimisation3sage 2+'ptimisationPwr'ffset 2+'ptimisationProhibitTime
.#.11., Compressed mode parameters
Parameter name
Compressed mode master switch #igher layer scheduling mode selection 5ap position single frame Transmission gap pattern length in case of single frame! -./ ser"ice and &1 measurement. Transmission gap pattern length in case of single frame! N/T PS ser"ice and &1 measurement. Transmission gap pattern length in case of double frame! N/T PS ser"ice and &1 measurement. Transmission gap pattern length in case of single frame! /T PS ser"ice and &1 measurement. Transmission gap pattern length in case of single frame! CS ser"ice and &1 measurement. Transmission gap pattern length in case of single frame! -./ ser"ice and &S measurement. Transmission gap pattern length in case of single frame! N/T PS ser"ice and &S measurement. Transmission gap pattern length in case of double frame! N/T PS ser"ice and &S measurement. Transmission gap pattern length in case of single frame! /T PS ser"ice and &S measurement.
+bbre4iated name
C.masterSwitch #+S.odeSelection 5apPositionSingle1rame T5P+singleframe-./inter1re$ T5P+singleframeN/TPSinter1re$ T5P+doubleframeN/TPSinter1re$ T5P+singleframe/TPSinter1re$ T5P+singleframeCSinter1re$ T5P+singleframe-./gsm T5P+singleframeN/TPSgsm T5P+doubleframeN/TPSgsm T5P+singleframe/TPSgsm
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Parameter name
Transmission gap pattern length in case of single frame! CS ser"ice and &S measurement. .a%imum number of 3(s in C. due to critical #' measurements Compressed modeE alternati"e scrambling code
+bbre4iated name
T5P+singleframeCSgsm .a%Number3(cm#' @old nameE .a%Numb3(C.co"er#'A -ltScramblingCodeC.
.#.11.
Ot6er essential parameters for pac'et sc6eduler
Parameter name
.a%imum uplin bit rate for PS domain N/T data .a%imum downlin bit rate for PS domain N/T data
+bbre4iated name
.a%0it/ate3+PSN/T .a%0it/ate2+PSN/T
.% &oad Control (&C)

The tas of +oad Control @+CA is to ensure that the system is not o"erloaded and remains stable. &f the system is o"erloaded! +C is to return the system $uic ly and controllably bac to a normal load state as defined by radio networ planning @/NPA. This is done with pre"enti"e load control and o"erload control based on measurements in both uplin interference and downlin transmission power le"els made by +C periodically under one /NC on a cell>by>cell basis. Pre"enti"e actions are performed before the cell becomes o"erloaded while o"erload control actions are performed after the cell has been o"erloaded. See 1igure == for a representation of uplin load and 1igure =4 for a representation of downlin load.
Noise rise as a function of fractional load 20 18 16 14 Noise rise [dB] 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Noise floor 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 Fractional load 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 OVERLOAD AREA MARGINAL LOAD AREA FEASIBLE LOAD AREA PrxTarget [dB] + PrxOffset [dB] PrxTarget [dB]
Fi$ure ##3 Radio interface load in uplin'
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+t3,otal @d(mA
?oa#in &?
Cell ma3imum @d(mA
DE%R ?DA& AR%A (AR+INA? ?DA& AR%A
+t3,ar"et @d(mAB+t39ffset @d(A +t3,ar"et @d(mA
F%ASI$?% ?DA& AR%A
@=6661A = 1 Load
Fi$ure #%3 Radio interface load in do0nlin' .%.1 Preempti4e &oad Control and Tar$et T6res6old The target threshold @separately for the uplin and downlin A defines the optimal operating point of the cell load up to which the pac et scheduler and admission control can operate normally. &f the load in the cell e%ceeds these limits! pre"enti"e load control actions are performedE New //C connections and /T /-0s are admitted only if the non>controllable load stays below the target threshold.
N/T 2C# bit rates cannot be increased.
These target thresholds are defined by the parameters PrxTar)et for the uplin and PtxTar)et for the downlin . &n the case of #S2P-! the parameter PtxTar)etHS-PA is used depending on the #S2P- Priority @see Section 9.9.?A. .%.! O4erload Control and O4erload T6res6old '"erload threshold @separately for uplin and downlin A defines the limit beyond which the cell is considered to be o"erloaded. &f the total load in the cell e%ceeds these limits! the cell mo"es to the o"erload state. This has the following conse$uencesE New //C connections and /-0s are bloc ed.
The pac et scheduler starts to decrease N/T bit rates in the cell or mo"e traffic to common channels.
These o"erload thresholds are defined by the parameters PrxTar)et + Prx#""set in the uplin and PtxTar)et + Ptx#""set in the downlin . &n the case of #S2P-! the parameters PtxTar)etHS-PA and Ptx#""setHS-PA are used depending on the #S2P- Priority @see Section 9.9.?A.
.%.# Mana$ement Parameters for &oad Control These management parameters including default recommended "alues are described in more detail in -nne% 1E 4C-MA RAS50$6 Parameter -ictionar!. Please refer to Section ;.1.? for the recommended "alues of the main +C parameters.
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.%.#.1
R/C parameters -bsolute limit in uplin noise autotuning

Pr%Noise.a%Tune-bsolute
Parameter nameE
-bbre"iated nameE
Parameter nameE
-bbre"iated nameE
2+ +oad Source
2++oadSource
Parameter nameE
-bbre"iated nameE
.a%imum number of &ur load measurements per &CS3

.a%Numb&ur+oad.eas
.%.#.!
-BTS parameters
/eporting period of radio resource indication //&ndPeriod
Parameter nameE
-bbre"iated nameE
Parameter nameE
-bbre"iated nameE
Number of frames to be used a"eraging in Pr%Total measurement Pr%.eas-"e*indow
Parameter nameE
-bbre"iated nameE
Number of frames to be used a"eraging in Pt%Total measurement Pt%.eas-"e*indow
Parameter nameE
-bbre"iated nameE
Type of measurement filter for downlin total transmitted power Pt%-lpha
Parameter nameE
-bbre"iated nameE
Type of measurement filter for uplin total recei"ed power Pr%-lpha
Parameter nameE
-bbre"iated nameE
/eporting period of /-C# load indication /-C#+oad&ndicationPeriod
.%.#.#
-C:& parameters
Target for recei"ed power Pr%Target
Parameter nameE
-bbre"iated nameE
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Parameter nameE
-bbre"iated nameE
Target for transmitted power Pt%Target
Parameter nameE
-bbre"iated nameE
'ffset for recei"ed power Pr%'ffset
Parameter nameE
-bbre"iated nameE
'ffset for transmitted power Pt%'ffset
Parameter nameE
-bbre"iated nameE
Pr%Noise autotuning allowed Pr%Noise-utotuning
Parameter nameE
-bbre"iated nameE
3plin noise le"el in 0TS digital recei"er Pr%Noise
Parameter nameE
-bbre"iated nameE
/eporting period of Transmitted carrier power @=5PP N0-PA Pt%Total/eportPeriod
Parameter nameE
-bbre"iated nameE
/eporting period of /ecei"ed total wideband power @=5PP N0-PA Pr%Total/eportPeriod
Parameter nameE
-bbre"iated nameE
/eporting period of -c nowledged P/-C# Preambles @=5PP N0-PA /-C#load/eportPeriod
Parameter nameE
-bbre"iated nameE
1iltering Coefficient of Pt%Total measurement @=5PP N0-PA Pt%.eas1ilterCoeff
Parameter nameE
-bbre"iated nameE
1iltering Coefficient of Pr%Total measurement @=5PP N0-PA Pr%.eas1ilterCoeff
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Parameter nameE
-bbre"iated nameE
1iltering Coefficient of P/-C# measurement @=5PP N0-PA /-C#meas1ilterCoeff
.* Po0er Control (PC)

3nli e in 5S.! *C2.- often uses only one fre$uency! and the 3(s transmit simultaneously in time. (ach 3( accessing the networ generates a signal which! from the point of "iew of the 0TS! increases interference! which is directly related to the capacity of a *C2.- system. *C2.- /-N is interference limited! i.e. the less interference there is! the more capacity the system can offer! so it is beneficial to use as low transmission power as possible. Thus! fast and accurate power control is of the utmost importance in *C2.-! particularly in the uplin . *ithout it! a single o"erpowered 3( could bloc a whole cell. Thus the purpose of power control is to maintain the $uality of a connection using as little radio resources as possible. -t the same time! it is the also the tas of power control to allow access to as many users as possible while eeping the interference caused by these users at a minimum. Power control adjusts the transmission power of the 3( in the uplin and of the 0TS in the downlin . &n *C2.-! in order to decode the recei"ed signal! there must be a certain signal>to>interference ratio @S&/A. Power control aims at using the minimum S&/ re$uired for the $uality of the connection to remain sufficient. PC also pro"ides protection against large changes in propagation conditions li e shadowing and fading and is able to respond immediately to fast changes in S&/. PC is also needed to cope with the near>far problem @the need to e$ualiIe the power from 3(s which are at "arying distances from the 0TS at different points in timeA and to get the S&/ "alue bac close to the target S&/ as fast as possible after each transmission gap in compressed mode @C.A. PC consists of the following procedures @see 1igure =?AE open loop power control @initial accessA fast closed loop power control outer loop power control
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Fi$ure #*3 Po0er Control &oops in -C.M+
.*.1
.o0nlin' Common C6annel Po0er +llocation
The transmission power allocation for the downlin common channels CP&C#! P>CCPC#! S>CCPC#! P>SC#! S> SC#! -&C#! and P&C# and Section ;.1.1 for the recommended "alues of the downlin common channel power parameters. .*.! Uplin' Open &oop Po0er Control and Random +ccess Procedure The random access procedure is performed for two purposes. 1irst! it is how the 3( re$uests that radio resources be allocated to it and second! it is used in order to synchronise the uplin transmission to the 0TS. 0efore it initiates the random access procedure! the 3( has to determine how much power it uses in the uplin . &f the 3( used a fi%ed power le"el for the random access procedure! and happened to be close to the 0TS that it tried to contact! it could easily bloc out messages from 3(s further away. Therefore! the 3( must always use the lowest possible transmission power! li e any other transmitting element in a *C2.- networ . The uplin open loop power control is controlled by the 3(. The networ uses the broadcast channel @0C#A! mapped onto the primary common control physical channel @P>CCPC#A! to broadcast information on the current situation of the networ needed by the 3( for the uplin open loop power control li e cell load! interference le"el! and so on. The 3( monitors the 0C# channel continuously while in idle mode and! when allowed! in connected mode. The 3( also recei"es the synchronisation information that it needs from the P>CCPC#! including the scrambling code to be used and information on which random access channel @/-C#A slots are a"ailable. The uplin open loop power control algorithm is used by the 3( to set the transmission power of the first preamble on physical random access channel @P/-C#A in the random access procedure used to initiate the radio resource control @//CA connection setup. The 3( determines the initial transmission power based on comparing the recei"ed CP&C# power le"el @CP&C# /SCPA to the CP&C# power @parameter PtxPrimar!CP&CH+' uplin interference le"el @U(inter"erence from 0TS broadcasted on 0C#A! and the re$uired recei"ed C:& @parameter PRACHRequiredReceivedC& also broadcasted on 0C#A. The ma%imum transmission power that a 3( can use on the P/-C# is set by the parameter Maximum UE transmission 2ower on PRACH *UEtxPowerMaxPRACH+ . &f the 3( does not recei"e an ac$uisition indication from the 0TS telling the 3( that its signal has been detected! it increases the transmission power by a specified offset and sends the preamble again. The power ramp step is
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determined by the parameter Power ram2 ste2 on PRACH 2ream9le *PowerRam2Ste2PRACH2ream9le+ . This cycle is repeated until the 0TS detects the signal and ac nowledges it @by means of a positi"e ac$uisition indicationA on the ac$uisition indication channel @-&C#A. The ma%imum number of preambles which can be transmitted in a single power ramping cycle is defined by the parameter PRACH%2ream9le%retrans. &f the 3( does not recei"e an -&C# during a preamble cycle! then it may start further preamble cycles. The ma%imum number of preamble cycles is defined by the parameter RACH%tx%Max. *hen the 3( recei"es a positi"e ac$uisition indicator on -&C#! it transmits the random access message three or four uplin access slots after the uplin access slot of the last transmitted preamble! depending on the -&C# transmission timing parameter. The transmission power of the control part of the random access message is higher than the power of the last transmitted preamble by a certain offset determined by parameter Power#""set(astPream9lePRACHmessa)e. &f a negati"e ac$uisition indicator corresponding to the selected signature is detected in the downlin access slot corresponding to the selected uplin access slot! the +1 status JNac on -&C# recei"edJ is passed on to the higher layers @.-CA and the physical random access procedure is finished. Ne%t a bac >off timer is started! and when the timer e%pires! a persistence chec is performed again. The uplin open loop power control algorithm is also used by the 3( to estimate the initial transmission power of the uplin 2PCC# based on the CPC# /SCP and the "alue 2PCC#CPowerC'ffset calculated by the /NC. Note that since uplin open loop power control relies upon the accuracy of the uplin /SS& measurements pro"ided by the Node 0! the 0TS commissioning parameters MHA%in%use! ,eeder (oss and MHA :ain should be set accurately. The /NC parameters MHA and Ca9le(oss also need to be set accurately since they are used in the 2PC# open loop power control in calculating a compensation "alue to the 2PCC#CPowerC'ffset used to estimate the uplin 2PCC# initial transmission power. -fter the initial transmission and the synchroniIation procedure! the fast closed loop power control starts. .*.# Fast Closed &oop Po0er Control 1ast closed loop power control is located in the 0TS and in the 3(. -s soon as the frame synchroniIation between the uplin and downlin dedicated physical channels has been established! fast closed loop power control starts to control the transmission power of the dedicated physical channels in both the uplin and downlin direction. &n order to eep the signal strength as le"el as possible at the recei"ing end in the face of fast fading @where the signal loses a lot of strength "ery fast only to bounce bac an instant laterA! accurate and fast power control is needed. &n fast closed loop power control! the 0TS and the 3( continuously compare the S&/ @signal to interference ratioA of the recei"ed signal to the target S&/ "alue for that particular connection. 0ased on this comparison! the 0TS tells the 3( and the 3( tells the 0TS to either increase or decrease the transmission power in the uplin and downlin ! respecti"ely. The basic operation of the uplin fast closed loop power control is as followsE The *C2.- 0TS measures the recei"ed S&/ of the uplin dedicated physical channel e"ery transmitter power control cycle. 'ne transmitter power control cycle is 0.BB9ms @1?00 #IA! which is same as one slot period @1? slots per 10 ms frameA. The measured S&/ "alue is compared to a S&/ target "alue in each slot time. &f the measured "alue is higher than the S&/ target "alue! the transmitter power control command @TPCA is J0J and when the measured "alue is lower than the S&/ target! the TPC command is J1J. The *C2.- 0TS inserts the TPC command to the ne%t slot of the downlin 2PCC# The 3( either decreases or increases the transmission power of the dedicated physical channel based on the recei"ed TPC commands &f the TPC command is -0.! the 3( is ordered to decrease the transmission
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power by 1 d0. &f the TPC command is -1.! the 3( is ordered to increase the transmission power by 1 d0. The adjustment is done for e"ery slot @0.BB9 ms! 1?00 #IA. &f the 3( is in soft:softer hando"er! it measures the S&/ for all the cells in the acti"e set. &f the S&/ is sufficiently large! the TPC is considered reliable. &f any one of the reliable TPC bits is 0! the 3( transmission power is decreased. The power is increased only if all the reliable TPC bits are 1. &n the case of softer hando"ers! there is more than one radio lin from the same 0TS in the radio lin set. The 3( recei"es a TPC command for each radio lin . *hen the 3( nows that the recei"ed TPC commands originated in the same 0TS! it combines them to one TPC command. This is possible because the /NC tags the radio lin s under the 0TS with the same TPC combination inde% parameter so that the 3( can detect and combine TPC commands as necessary. The basic operation of the downlin fast closed loop power control is similar to the uplin ! but now the 3( measures the recei"ed S&/ and the 0TS adjusts the power according to recei"ed TPC bits. There is a ma%imum transmission power that the 3( can use on the 2edicated Physical Channel @2PC#A during uplin fast closed power control! and it is specified by the cell>specific parameter Maximum UE transmission 2ower on -PCH *UEtxPowerMax-PCH+. This information is sent to the 3(. -dmission Control @-CA defines the initial downlin transmission power and the boundary "alues within which the downlin transmission power is allowed to "ary according to the downlin fast closed loop power control adjustments. These boundaries are defined by the -C parameters -PCH downlin7 transmission 2ower maximum value *Ptx-PCHmax+ and -PCH downlin7 transmission 2ower minimum value *Ptx-PCHmin+ . The initial downlin transmission power is within the boundary "alues. .*.% Outer &oop Po0er Control The outer loop power control adjusts the S&/ target used by the closed loop power control. The S&/ target is independently adjusted for each connection based on the estimated $uality of the connection. The initial "alue is pro"ided by -C. -C calculates the $uality re$uirements when a new /-0 is granted access! and forwards the parameters to power control! which is responsible for "erifying that the $uality of the connection stays within the defined limits. 'uter loop power control adjusts the target S&/ in the *C2.- 0TS according to the needs of the indi"idual radio lin and aims at constant $uality! defined in terms of a certain target bloc error ratio @0+(/A. The S&/ target "alue is to be set so that the usage of radio resources is most effecti"eP the power is set to minimum possible while still ensuring that the $uality of the connection is good enough. 1or this reason! outer loop power control is sometimes referred to as $uality loop power control. The uplin outer loop power control algorithm is located in the /NC. &n the uplin outer loop power control! the /NC monitors the lin $uality and adjusts the new S&/ target accordingly for the fast closed loop power control. The 3( ta es care of the downlin outer loop power control. &n the downlin outer loop power control! the 3( sets the S&/ target for the downlin fast closed loop power control according to $uality estimates of the recei"ed channel. 2ownlin outer loop power control functions are mainly located in the 3(! but some control parameters li e 0+(/ target are set by the -C in the /NC and the "alues are sent to the 3(. .*.*
Po0er Balancin$
&n the case of soft hando"er! the downlin power control command from the 3( is detected by each 0TS independently. *hen there are any detection errors in the decoding of the power control commands @TPCA! the power control commands may be decoded differently at different 0TSs! and thus the downlin transmission powers of the radio lin s on the different 0TSs can start to drift ie. powers are unbalanced. This means that one 0TS may start suffering from downlin capacity loss. See 1igure =B.
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2etection of PC command 2etection of PC command downlin power
-djustment of downlin power
PC command PC command
0TS 8
4
0TS 1
3(
Fi$ure #,3 Misinterpretation of TPC Command and Po0er .riftin$ So a power balancing algorithm controlled by /NC is used to pre"ent power drifting and wor s in the 0TS together with the downlin fast closed loop power control during soft hando"er. The /NC calculates a reference transmission power @PrefA which corresponds to the a"erage needed downlin transmission power of the radio lin s in soft hando"er. The Pref is periodically updated by the /NC based on the transmitted code power measurements recei"ed from the 0TSs. &f a new Pref "alue differs from the pre"ious "alue! the /NC sends the updated Pref to the 0TSs. The power>balancing algorithm in the 0TS periodically compares the transmitted code power of a radio lin to the Pref and calculates any re$uired power correction. The closed>loop power control adjusts the transmission power according to the re$uired power correction during a predefined adjustment period. &n this way! the downlin transmission power of the radio lin s are balanced in a controlled manner and the capacity loss due to power drifting can be a"oided. See 1igure =9.
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1igure =9E 'peration of the Power 0alancing -lgorithm
.*., Mana$ement Parameters for Po0er Control These management parameters including default recommended "alues are described in more detail in -nne% 1E 4C-MA RAS50$6 Parameter -ictionar!. .*.,.1 R/C parameters 6uality deterioration report from 3+ '+PC (nable3+6ual2et/ep 3+ $uality deterioration reporting threshold 3+6ual2et/epThreshold &nitial transmit power in uplin compressed mode 3p+in &nitialTransmitPower.ode /eco"ery Period Power in 3+ Compressed .ode 3p+in /eco"eryPeriodPower.ode 5ain factor for control part of P/-C# message 5ain1actorControlPartP/-C#message 5ain factor for control part of P/-C# message with 1? sps Prach0etaC1?
Parameter name3 +bbre4iated name3 Parameter name3 +bbre4iated name3 Parameter name3 +bbre4iated name3 Parameter name3 +bbre4iated name3 Parameter name3 +bbre4iated name3 Parameter name3 +bbre4iated name3
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Parameter name3 +bbre4iated name3 Parameter name3 +bbre4iated name3 Parameter name3 +bbre4iated name3 Parameter name3 +bbre4iated name3 Parameter name3 +bbre4iated name3 Parameter name3 +bbre4iated name3 Parameter name3 +bbre4iated name3 Parameter name3 +bbre4iated name3 Parameter name3 +bbre4iated name3 Parameter name3 +bbre4iated name3 Parameter name3 +bbre4iated name3
5ain factor for control part of P/-C# message with =0 sps Prach0etaC=0 5ain factor for control part of P/-C# message with B0 sps Prach0etaCB0 5ain factor for control part of P/-C# message with 180 sps Prach0etaC180 5ain factor for data part of P/-C# message 5ain1actor2ataPartP/-C#message 5ain factor for data part of P/-C# message with 1? sps Prach0eta21? 5ain factor for data part of P/-C# message with =0 sps Prach0eta2=0 5ain factor for data part of P/-C# message with B0 sps Prach0eta2B0 5ain factor for data part of P/-C# message with 180 sps Prach0eta2180 Power 0alancing on:off Power0alancing -djustment period time -djustmentPeriod .a%imum adjustment step .a%-djustmentStep
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Parameter name3 +bbre4iated name3 Parameter name3 +bbre4iated name3 Parameter name3 +bbre4iated name3 Parameter name3 +bbre4iated name3
-djustment ratio -djustment/atio /eference power subtraction parameter PrefSubtract Trigger for sending the updated reference power to 0TSs .inPrefChange Power>adjusting step siIe in *C2.- 0TS for 2+ closed loop PC 2ownlin &nner+oopPCStepSiIe
.*.,.!
-BTS parameters /adio lin measurement reporting period /+.eas/epPeriod
Parameter name3 +bbre4iated name3
.*.,.#
-C:& parameters 2PC mode change support 2PC.odeChangeSupport Power offset last preamble and P/-C# message Power'ffset+astPreambleP/-C#message Power offset for S>CCPC# T1C& Power'ffsetSCCPC#T1C& Power offset for SCCPC# T1C& @1? spsA P'1C1? Power offset for SCCPC# T1C& @=0 spsA P'1C=0 Power offset for SCCPC# T1C& @B0 spsA P'1CB0
Parameter name/ +bbre4iated name3 Parameter name3 +bbre4iated name3 Parameter name3 +bbre4iated name3 Parameter name3 +bbre4iated name3 Parameter name3 +bbre4iated name3 Parameter name3 +bbre4iated name3
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Parameter name3 +bbre4iated name3 Parameter name3 +bbre4iated name3 Parameter name3 +bbre4iated name3 Parameter name3 +bbre4iated name3 Parameter name3 +bbre4iated name3 Parameter name3 +bbre4iated name3 Parameter name3 +bbre4iated name3 Parameter name3 +bbre4iated name3 Parameter name3 +bbre4iated name3 Parameter name3 +bbre4iated name3 Parameter name3 +bbre4iated name3
Power ramp step on P/-C# preamble Power/ampStepP/-C#preamble /e$uired recei"ed C:& on P/-C# at *C2.0TS P/-C#/e$uired/ecei"edC& Transmission power of the -&C# channel Pt%-&C# Transmission power of the P&C# channel PT%P&C# Transmission power of the primary CP&C# channel Pt%PrimaryCP&C# Transmission power of the primary SC# channel Pt%PrimarySC# T% power of S>CCPC# for PC#:1-C#@sA or stand>alone 1-C#@sA Pt%SCCPC#1 T% power of S>CCPC# for stand>alone PC# Pt%SCCPC#8 T0 po1er of "-CCPCH for "A% Pt%SCCPC#= Transmission power of the secondary SC# channel Pt%SecSC# Transmission power of the primary CCPC# channel Pt%PrimaryCCPC#
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., 8ando4er Control (8C)

The purpose of #ando"er Control @#CA is to manage the mobility aspect of a radio resource control @//CA connection. This means eeping trac of the user e$uipment @3(A as it mo"es around in the networ ! and ensuring that its connections are uninterrupted and continue to meet the negotiated $uality of ser"ice @6oSA re$uirements. 0esides supporting the mobility of the 3(! hando"ers play a ey role in maintaining high capacity in the *C2.networ by ensuring that the 3( is all times connected to the strongest cell in order thereby a"oiding the 3( raising its transmission power too much as it mo"es further away from a particular 0TS and causing increased interference. So #C also has a direct relationship with Power Control @PCA which is tas ed to eep transmission powers in chec . .,.1 8ando4er T=pes The following tables summariIe the different hando"er types. Table ,3 8ando4er t=pes 8ando4er t=pe
&ntra>fre$uency &nter>fre$uency &nter>system
Soft
4es No No
8ard
4es 4es 4es
:4aluated b=
.obile Networ Networ
Compressed Mode needed

No 4es 4es
Table 3 8ando4er t=pes accordin$ to s6ifts bet0een t6e BTSs and R/Cs 8ando4er t=pe
Softer hando"er Soft hando"er
Intra7BTS
D
Inter7BTS
D
Intra7R/C
D
Inter7R/C
D D
&ntra> fre$uency hard hando"er &nter> fre$uency hard hando"er
.,.! /ei$6bor Cells *hen the 3( is in connected mode! the /NC follows it on cell le"el. 'nce it nows in which cell the 3( is located! the /NC chec s information about all the neighboring cells and transmits the data bac to the 3(. The /NC updates continuously the neighbor cell lists in order to reflect the changing neighborhood of a mo"ing mobile station in connected mode. The neighboring cells are defined on a cell>by>cell basis! that is! each cell can ha"e its own set of neighboring cells. - neighbor cell definition includes! for e%ample! information about the /-T! carrier fre$uency! and scrambling codes of the neighbor cell. Neighboring cell definitions are stored in the radio networ @/N*A configuration database. 0y relaying information about neighbor cells to the 3(! the /NC is effecti"ely telling it what to loo for! and the /NC nows what the a"ailable options are! if the load in the ser"ing cell increases too much.
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Neighbor cell definitions also speed up cell re>selection procedures! as the 3( does not ha"e to decode the scrambling codes of other cells. Neighbor cell parameters are defined on a neighboring cell>by>cell basis for each hando"er type @intra>! inter> fre$uency and inter>systemA separately by attaching a specified parameter set to a specified neighbor cell. The parameter set defines the hando"er path from the ser"ing cell to the neighbor cell in $uestion. The ma%imum number of neighboring cells that can be configured in No ia /NC isE =8 intra>fre$uency neighbors 4; inter>fre$uency neighbors @ma%. =8 on the same fre$uencyA =8 inter>system @5S.A neighbors @0S&C S fre$uencyA
.,.# Intra7Fre?uenc= Soft and Softer 8ando4er &n *C2.-! the "ast majority of hando"ers are intra>fre$uency soft and softer hando"ers. Soft hando"er means that a mobile station is simultaneously connected to cells of se"eral different base stations during the intra>fre$uency hando"er procedure. Softer hando"er means that mobile station is connected to se"eral cells within the same base station. The main objecti"e of soft and softer hando"er is to ensure that the 3( is always lin ed to the strongest cells while pro"iding a seamless hando"er without any disconnection of the radio access bearer. Soft:softer hando"er enables macrodi"ersity by combining reception signals from multiple cells in cases when the mobile station mo"es to the cell boundary areas and cannot obtain a sufficient reception le"el from a single cell. .acrodi"ersity gain also impro"es the uplin signal $uality and thus decreases the re$uired transmission power of the mobile station by combining the reception signal in the 0TS during softer hando"er and in the /NC during soft hando"er. .,.#.1 Benefits of Soft and Softer 8ando4er The benefits of soft and softer hando"er are the followingE

a seamless hando"er without a disconnection of the /-0 fast closed>loop power control optimiIation @the 3( is always lin ed with the strongest cellA a sufficient reception le"el for maintaining communications by combining reception signals @macrodi"ersityA from multiple cells when the 3( mo"es to cell boundary areas and cannot obtain a sufficient reception from a single cell the macrodi"ersity gain achie"ed by combining the reception signal in the *C2.- 0TS @softer hando"erA and in the /NC @soft hando"erA which impro"es the uplin signal $uality and decreases the re$uired transmission power of the 3(
Soft and softer hando"er consume additional radio access capacity because the 3( is occupying more than one radio lin connection at a time in the 3u interface. The use of soft hando"er generates o"erheads in terms of &ub! Node 0 hardware resources and Node 0 transmit power. The use of softer hando"er generates o"erheads in terms of Node 0 transmit power. #owe"er! there is also added capacity gained from interference reduction because of macrodi"ersity! and hence the system capacity can actually be increased when soft and softer hando"ers are used in the appropriate cell boundary areas. .,.#.! T=pes of Intra7fre?uenc= 8ando4er The types of intra>fre$uency hando"er for both real>time @/TA and non>real time @N/TA radio access bearers @/-0sA areE softer hando"er between cells within one *C2.- 0TS
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soft hando"er between *C2.- 0TSs within one /NC @intra>/NC soft hando"erA soft hando"er between *C2.- 0TSs controlled by different /NCs @inter>/NC soft hando"erA
These different types of intra>fre$uency hando"ers can ta e place simultaneously. .,.#.# Functionalit= of soft5softer 6ando4er Soft hando"er is a mobile e"aluated hando"er @.(#'A in that the 3( continuously measures ser"ing and neighboring base stations @cells indicated by the /NCA on the current carrier fre$uency and compares the measurement results with hando"er thresholds @pro"ided by the /NCA and sends a measurement report to the /NC when the hando"er thresholds are fulfilled. The main decision algorithm of soft hando"er is located in the /NC. 0ased on the measurement report recei"ed from the 3(! the /NC orders the 3( to add! remo"e or replace cells from its acti"e set! that is! the set of cells participating in soft hando"er. The /NC limits the number of cells participating in soft hando"er with parameter Maximum Active Set Si;e @MaxActiveSetSi;e+. The default "alue of MaxActiveSetSi;e is three. The hando"er decision algorithm of the /NC for intra>fre$uency hando"er is based on the e"ent>triggered measurement reports. *hen in acti"e mode! the 3( continuously measures the common pilot channel $uality @CP&C# (c:NoA of the ser"ing and neighboring cells @indicated by the /NCA on the current carrier fre$uency. The 3( compares the measurement results with hando"er thresholds which ha"e been pro"ided by the /NC! and sends a measurement report to the /NC when the hando"er thresholds are fulfilled. The hando"er control of the /NC contains the following measurement reporting e"ents and mechanisms for modifying measurement reporting beha"iorE reporting e"ent 1- for adding cells to the acti"e set reporting e"ent 10 for deleting cells from the acti"e set reporting e"ent 1C for replacing cells in the acti"e set e"ent>triggered periodic intra>fre$uency measurement reporting time>to>trigger mechanism for modifying measurement reporting beha"ior cell indi"idual offsets for modifying measurement reporting beha"ior mechanism for forbidding a cell to affect the reporting range reporting e"ents B1 and B5 for deleting cells from the acti"e set
NoteE -dmission Control in the /NC may o"errule the hando"er algorithm decision due to capacity reasons. 9.B.=.=.1 /eporting e"ent 1- for adding cells to the acti"e set /eporting e"ent 1- is controlled with the following parametersE

Active Set Weighting Coefficient 'ActiveSetWeightingCoefficient( Addition Time 'AdditionTime( Addition Window 'AdditionWindow(& CPICH Ec/No Offset 'AdjsEcNoOffset( Maxim m Active Set Si!e 'MaxActiveSetSi!e(
/eporting e"ent 1- is used for adding cells in the acti"e set. The 3( sends the e"ent 1->triggered measurement report when a cell enters the reporting range controlled by the parameter Addition 4indow. - time>to>trigger mechanism can be used to modify the measurement reporting beha"ior of e"ent 1-. &f the time> to>trigger mechanism is used! the cell must continuously stay within the reporting range for a gi"en period of time
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before the 3( can send the e"ent 1->triggered measurement report to the /NC. The length of this period is controlled by the /NP parameter Addition Time. See 1igure =;.
%c"I
o
ActiveSetWeightingCoefficie nt Stron$est CPIC8 in +S P CPIC8 !
P CPIC8 1
AdditionWindow . 0
P CPIC8 # time 1 AdditionTi me AdditionReportingInter (easure*e val nt Report Fi$ure #"3 :4ent 1+ for addin$ cells to acti4e set
9.B.=.=.8 /eporting e"ent 10 for deleting cells from the acti"e set /eporting e"ent 10 is controlled with the following parametersE

Active Set Weighting Coefficient 'ActiveSetWeightingCoefficient( "#o$ Time '"#o$Time% "#o$ Window '"#o$Window( CPICH Ec/No Offset 'AdjsEcNoOffset(
/eporting e"ent 10 is used for deleting cells in the acti"e set. The 3( sends the e"ent 10>triggered measurement report when a cell lea"es the reporting range controlled by the parameter -ro2 4indow. - time>to>trigger mechanism can be used to modify the measurement reporting beha"ior of e"ent 10. &f the time> to>trigger mechanism is used! the cell must continuously stay outside the reporting range for a gi"en period of time before the 3( can send the e"ent 10>triggered measurement report to the /NC. The length of this period is controlled by the /NP parameter -ro2 Time. See 1igure =<.
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%c" Io P CPIC8 !
Stron$est CPIC8 in +S P CPIC8 1 0 . P CPIC8 #
DropWindo w
(easure*ent Report
Fi$ure #13 :4ent 1B for deletin$ cells from acti4e set
DropTi me
time
9.B.=.=.= /eporting e"ent 1C for replacing cells in the acti"e set /eporting e"ent 1C is controlled with the following parametersE

Maxim m Active Set Si!e &MaxActiveSetSi!e% 'e$(acement Time &'e$(acementTime% 'e$(acement Window &'e$(acementWindow%) CPICH Ec/No Offset &AdjsEcNoOffset%
/eporting e"ent 1C is used for replacing cells in the acti"e set. The 3( sends the e"ent 1C>triggered measurement report when the number of cells in the acti"e set is e$ual to the Maximum Active Set Si;e @MaxActiveSetSi;e A parameter and a cell that is not included in the acti"e set becomes better than a cell in the acti"e set by an amount specified by the parameter Re2lacement4indow. - time>to>trigger mechanism can be used to modify the measurement reporting beha"ior of e"ent 1C. &f the time> to>trigger mechanism is used! the cell must continuously stay within the triggering condition for a gi"en period of time before the 3( can send the e"ent 1C>triggered measurement report to the /NC. The length of this period is controlled by the /NP parameter Re2lacementTime. See 1igure 40. The cell @not included in the acti"e setA lea"es the triggering condition if it again becomes worse than the cells in the acti"e set.
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%c"I
o
AS has 1 cells P CPIC8 1 P CPIC8 ! P CPIC8 % . ReplacementWindo w P CPIC8 #
0ea'est CPIC8# in +S
0 ReplacementTi me (easure*ent Report
1 ReplacementReportingInter val
tim e
Fi$ure %@3 :4ent 1C for replacin$ cells in acti4e set
9.B.=.=.4 ("ent>triggered periodic intra>fre$uency measurement reporting The reporting period is controlled with the following parametersE

Addition 'e$o#ting Inte#va( &Addition'e$o#tingInte#va(% 'e$(acement 'e$o#ting Inte#va( &'e$(acement'e$o#tingInte#va(%
*hen a cell enters the reporting range and triggers e"ent 1- or 1C! the 3( transmits a measurement report message to the /NC in order to update the acti"e set. The /NC may be unable to add the cell to the acti"e set due to capacity shortage! for e%ample. &f the reported cell is not added to the acti"e set! the 3( continues reporting by changing to periodical measurement reporting. 2uring periodical reporting! the 3( transmits measurement report messages to the /-N at pre>defined inter"als. The reports include information on the acti"e and monitored cells in the reporting range. ("ent>triggered periodic measurement reporting is terminated either when there are no more monitored cell@sA within the reporting range or when the /NC has updated the acti"e set so that it includes the optimal cells. 9.B.=.=.? Time>to>trigger mechanism for modifying measurement reporting beha"ior The "alue of the time>to>trigger is controlled separately for each e"ent with the following parametersE

Addition Time &AdditionTime% "#o$ Time &"#o$Time% 'e$(acement Time &'e$(acementTime%
- time>to>trigger parameter can be connected with reporting e"ents 1-! 10 and 1C. *hen the time>to>trigger mechanism is applied! the report is triggered only after the conditions for the e"ent ha"e e%isted for the specified time.
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9.B.=.=.B Cell indi"idual offsets for modifying measurement reporting beha"ior &ndi"idual offsets can be controlled with the following parameterE
CPICH Ec/No Offset &Int#a*#e+Nce((EcNoOffset%
The indi"idual offset mechanism can be used to change the reporting of an indi"idual cell! and as a result! to mo"e the cell border. 1or each cell that is monitored! an offset "alue can be defined which the 3( adds to the measurement result @CP&C# (c:NoA of the neighbor cell before it compares the (c:No "alue with the reporting criteria. The offset can be either positi"e or negati"e. 9.B.=.=.9 .echanism for forbidding a cell to affect the reporting range The mechanism for forbidding cells to affect the reporting range is controlled with the following parameterE -isa9le E""ect on Re2ortin) Ran)e @Ad s-ERR+ indicates whether or not the neighbor cell is forbidden to affect the reporting range @addition:drop windowA calculation! if it belongs to the acti"e set. The Addition 4indow @Addition4indowA and -ro2 4indow @-ro24indowA parameters affect reporting e"ents 1and 10. The reporting ranges of e"ents 1- and 10 are relati"e to the measurement results of those cells in the acti"e set which are not forbidden to affect the reporting range. 9.B.=.=.; /eporting e"ents B1 and B5 for deleting cells from the acti"e set 3( /%>T% time difference measurement is controlled with the following parametersE U22er Rx<Tx Time -i""erence Threshold @U22erRxTxTime-i""A determines the upper threshold which is used by the 3( to trigger the reporting e"ent B1 due to 3( /%>T% time difference.
(ower Rx<Tx Time -i""erence Threshold @(owerRxTxTime-i""A determines the lower threshold which is used by the 3( to trigger the reporting e"ent B5 due to 3( /%>T% time difference.
. *hen the 3( /%>T% time difference for a cell included in the acti"e set becomes larger than the threshold defined by the parameter U22er Rx<Tx Time -i""erence Threshold @U22erRxTxTime-i""A! the 3( sends an e"ent B1> triggered measurement report message to the /NC and the /NC deletes the cell from the acti"e set. Similarly! the /NC deletes the cell from the acti"e set if the 3( sends an e"ent B5>triggered measurement report message to the /NC when the 3( /%> T% time difference for the cell has become smaller than the threshold defined by the parameter (ower Rx<Tx Time -i""erence Threshold @(owerRxTxTime-i""A.
.,.%
Macrodi4ersit=
Normally eeping the 3( connected to more than one cell at the same time in soft or softer hando"er would be a waste of system capacity @soft hando"er generates o"erheads in terms of &ub! Node 0 hardware resources and Node 0 transmit power! and softer hando"er generates o"erheads in terms of Node 0 transmit powerA! but because of a process called macrodi"ersity combining @.2CA! the signals from the different connections are combined so that less transmission power can be used and interference is reduced and capacity is increased. .acrodi"ersity also ta es ad"antage of a normally ad"erse condition called multipath propagation which occurs when radio signals are reflected or scattered so that a number of components of the same signal reach the recei"er by tra"eling along different paths of "arying length. These multipath components can interfere with each other and causes the signal to often e%perience fast fading with rapid attenuations only to spi e bac an instant later. #owe"er! if these different multipath components of the same signal can be pic ed up by different recei"ers! the disad"antage of multipath propagation can be turned into a great ad"antage because now these multipath components pro"ide a ind of di"ersity gain allowing the different components to be combined and the best one among them selected. There are two le"els of macrodi"ersity combining @.2CAE softer hando"er combining at the 0TS with ma%imal ratio combining @./CA soft hando"er combining at Ser"ing /NC @S/NCA with frame selection combining
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.a%imum /atio Combining @./CA can be performed for both delayed multipath components of the same signal caused by multipath propagation and for multiple separate signals as in softer hando"er! and so can also be referred to as pro"iding multipath di"ersity or microdi"ersity. .,.%.1 Ra'e Recei4er
*C2.- uses the /a e /ecei"er in 0TSs and 3(s to help counter the effects of multipath fading. &t does this by using se"eral sub>recei"ers @often called fingers! li e fingers in a ra eA each delayed slightly in order to tune in to the indi"idual multipath components which are decoded independently but later combined in order to e"en out the signal le"el "ariations caused by fading and to ma e the most use of each of the multipath components. /a e /ecei"ers are also used in softer hando"er at the 0TS and soft:softer hando"er at the 3( where the different connections are treated li e multipath components. The /a e /ecei"er consists of &mpulse /esponse @&/A measurements using .atched 1ilters @.1A! descrambling and despreading using multiple correlators @fingersA! .a%imum /atio Combining @./CA! and then detecting combined data to $uantiIed soft bits. .,.%.! Soft 8ando4er3 Macrodi4ersit= Combinin$ (M.C) and Splittin$ at R/C
&n Soft #ando"er! the 3( is connected to two or three cells from different 0TSs @see 1igure 41A. @There may be up to = soft or softer hando"er branches in any combinationA. &n the uplin ! the .acro 2i"ersity Combining @.2CA point for the 2C# data streams from the different 0TSs is at the ser"ing /NC @S/NCA. The .acro 2i"ersity Combining @.2CA function of the /NC handles the combining and splitting of the .-C. The macro di"ersity combining and splitting in the /NC is based on the information recei"ed from the 0TSs in the frame protocol @1PA. .acro di"ersity combining is performed using frame selection combining. The S/NC is able to select the best frame coming from the different 0TSs based on the highest $uality estimate @6(A if C/C chec passes! or the lowest 0(/ @0it (rror /atioA if C/C chec fails. &n the downlin ! the S/NC replicates and splits the 2C# data stream towards the different 0TSs. The 3(Ls /a e /ecei"er performs .acro 2i"ersity Combining using .a%imum /atio Combining @./CA.
/NC .2C 1
&ub 0TS
&ub 0TS
/adio lin 3(
/adio lin
Fi$ure %13 Soft 8ando4er and Macro .i4ersit= Combinin$ (M.C) 0it6 Frame Selection Combinin$ at R/C
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.,.%.#
Softer 8ando4er3 Ma2imum Ratio Combinin$ (MRC) and Splittin$ at BTS
&n Softer #ando"er! the 3( is connected to two or three cells from the same 0TS @see 1igure 48A. @There may be up to = soft or softer hando"er branches in any combinationA. Therefore! the macro di"ersity combining and splitting can be done at the 0TS itself. &n softer hando"er! the load on the &ub is reduced significantly compared to soft hando"er because the 2C# data stream combining and splitting is done at the 0TS. &n the uplin ! the .acro 2i"ersity Combining @.2CA point for the different 2C# data streams from the 3( is at the 0TS. .acro di"ersity combining is performed using .a%imum /atio Combining @./CA of the recei"ed signals at the 0TS. &n the downlin ! the 0TS replicates and splits the 2C# data stream towards the 3(! and the 3(Ls /a e /ecei"er performs .a%imum /atio Combining @./CA.
/NC
/NC
&ub 0TS .2C 8
/adio lin 3(
/adio lin
Fi$ure %!3 Softer 8ando4er and Ma2imum Ratio Combinin$ (MRC) at BTS
.,.* Intra7fre?uenc= 6ard 6ando4er &ntra>fre$uency hard hando"er is re$uired to ensure a hando"er path between *C2.- 0TSs controlled by different /NCs when inter>/NC soft hando"er is not a"ailable @due to congestion on the &ur interface or no &ur interface between the /NCs! for e%ampleA. &ntra>fre$uency hard hando"er decisions made by the /NC are based on the intra>fre$uency measurement results which are usually applied to the soft hando"er procedure. Thus! the intra>fre$uency hard hando"er is a mobile e"aluated hando"er @.(#'A. The hando"er decision made by the /NC is based on the downlin (c:No of the ser"ing cell! the downlin (c:No of the neighboring cell! and hando"er margins which are used as a threshold to pre"ent repetiti"e hard hando"ers between cells. &ntra>fre$uency hard hando"er causes a "ery short disconnection of a /T /-0. There is no disconnection for N/T bearers since pac et scheduling momentarily halts the transmission of data. The parameter Ena9le &nter<R3C So"t Handover @Ena9le&nterR3CshoA determines whether the inter>/NC hando"er from the ser"ing cell to a specified neighbor cell is performed as a soft hando"er or as a hard hando"er. .,., Compressed Mode (CM) Measurements &ntra>fre$uency neighbors can be measured simultaneously with normal transmission by 3( using /-,( recei"er @see Section 9.B.4A. 'n the other hand! unless the 3( is e$uipped with dual recei"ers and sufficient processing
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power! it will not be possible for it to maintain a connection on one fre$uency and measure another fre$uency in preparation for an inter>fre$uency or inter>system hando"er. #owe"er! it is possible to perform both functions using compressed mode. &n compressed mode! the data to be transmitted is compressed thus freeing up slots and creating periodical gaps for the 3( to measure other fre$uencies @see 1igure 4=A. - gap can be placed within one frame or within two consecuti"e frames depending on the compressed mode method.
transmission .o$er 7ormal frame
Com.ress ed frame
Measurement Measurement "a. "a.

7ormal frame tim e
Fi$ure %#3 Measurement Aap durin$ Compressed Mode There are three main methods of compressing the dataE #al"ing the spreading factor. This temporarily doubles the physical radio channel data rate so that the same amount of data can be sent in half the time it would normally ta e. Note that this does not affect the 2C# user data rate. Puncturing. This is a techni$ue of reducing the physical layer channel bit rate with the use of dynamic matching algorithms. @Not supported in No iaLs implementation of compressed mode.A #igher layer Scheduling. This temporarily reduces the 2C# user data rate by restricting the high bit rate transport format combinations @T1CsA. @The only one of the three methods that affects the bit rateA.
Compressed mode by spreading factor reduction is used for the real time @/TA ser"ices li e "oice and higher layer scheduling is used for the non>real time @N/TA ser"ices li e PS data. Note that during compressed mode! the instantaneous transmit power will increase in the compressed frame in order to eep the $uality constant as the processing gain has reduced. -lso! power control @PCA cannot wor during compressed mode. Therefore! compressed mode is acti"ated only when needed for the 3( to perform inter>fre$uency or inter>/-T @5S.A measurements. Compressed mode is enabled in the /NC with the parameter Com2ressed mode master switch *CMmasterSwitch+$
.,. Inter7Fre?uenc= 8ando4er (IF8O) &nter>fre$uency hando"er is needed to support mobility between multiple carrier fre$uencies in the radio networ . &nter>fre$uency hando"ers allow the different carriers to complement each other in terms of $uality! capacity and co"erage @see 1igure 44A. &nter>fre$uency hando"er is a hard hando"er.
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Urban area
Load 2alan&in" hando!er )%A7=C* 2- fre1uen&/ ma&ro &ells Mi&ro &ells f1 f1 f2 f2 f3 f3 f3 f3 f3 f3 f3 f3
2 -4 2 4fre1uen&ies fre1uen&ies .er .ero.erator o.erator
Rural area
f1 f1 f1 f1 Co!era"e hando!er
f1 f1 f2 f2
Co!era"e hando!er
Fi$ure %%3 Inter7fre?uenc= 6ando4er .,. .1 T=pes of Inter7Fre?uenc= 8ando4er
The #ando"er Control of the /-N supports the following types of inter>fre$uency hando"er for both /T and N/T radio bearersE &nter>fre$uency hando"er between cells @ha"ing e$ual or different co"erage areasA within one base station @intra>0TS hard hando"erA &nter>fre$uency hando"er between cells controlled by separate base stations within one /NC @intra>/NC hard hando"erA &nter>fre$uency hando"er between cells @and base stationsA controlled by separate /NCs @inter>/NC hard hando"erA
.,. .! Functionalit= of Inter7Fre?uenc= 8ando4er &nter>fre$uency hando"er is a networ >e"aluated hando"er @N(#'A. The decision algorithm of inter>fre$uency hando"er is located in the /NC. The /NC ma es the hando"er decision on the basis of periodical inter>fre$uency measurement reports recei"ed from the 3( and rele"ant control parameters. The /NC orders the 3( to start the periodical reporting of inter>fre$uency measurement results only when an inter>fre$uency hando"er is needed. The measurement object information @cells and fre$uenciesA for the inter>fre$uency measurement is determined by the /NC. 0ecause the 3( is not e%pected to recei"e from the two different fre$uencies at the same time! compressed mode @C.A must be used at the +1 of the radio interface while the 3( ma es the re$uired inter> fre$uency measurements. -fter the hard hando"er decision! the /NC allocates radio resources from the target cell! establishes a new radio lin for the connection between the 3( and the target cell! and orders the 3( to ma e an inter>fre$uency hando"er to the target cell. The /NC recogniIes the following inter>fre$uency hando"er causesE inter>fre$uency hando"er due to 3plin dedicated traffic channel @2C#A $uality inter>fre$uency hando"er due to 3( transmission power inter>fre$uency hando"er due to 2ownlin dedicated physical channel @2PC#A power inter>fre$uency hando"er due to common pilot channel @CP&C#A /SCP inter>fre$uency hando"er due to CP&C# (c:No immediate &.S&>based hando"er @for more information! see Section 9.B.<A load>based hando"er @for more information! see Section 9.B.10A ser"ice>based hando"er @for more information! see Section 9.B.10A
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NoteE -dmission Control in the /NC may o"errule the hando"er algorithm decision due to capacity reasons. .,. .# Co4era$e reason inter7fre?uenc= 6ando4er The /NC supports the following inter>fre$uency hando"ers due to co"erage reasons for both real time @/TA and non>real time @N/TA radio bearersE

inter>fre$uency hando"er due to 3plin 2C# $uality inter>fre$uency hando"er due to 3( transmission power inter>fre$uency hando"er due to CP&C# /SCP &mmediate &.S&>based hando"er @for more information! see Section 9.B.<A.
9.B.9.=.1 &nter>fre$uency hando"er due to uplin 2C# $uality - $uality deterioration report from the uplin outer loop power control @'+PCA can be used to trigger off inter> fre$uency hando"er if the ser"ing cell @or cells participating in soft hando"erA has neighbor cells on another carrier fre$uency. The uplin outer loop power control sends the $uality deterioration report to the hando"er control if the uplin $uality stays constantly worse than the 0(/:0+(/ target although the 3+ signal>to>interference ratio @S&/A target has reached the ma%imum "alue @3( has reached either its ma%imum /1 output power capability or the ma%imum allowed transmission power le"el on the 2PC#A. The reporting criteria of the $uality deterioration report are controlled with the following /NPE
Qualit! deterioration re2ort "rom U( #(PC controller @Ena9leU(Qual-etRe2A indicates whether or not the uplin '+PC can send a $uality deterioration report to the hando"er control in situations when the $uality stays worse than the 0(/:0+(/ target despite of the ma%imum 3+ S&/ target. U( qualit! deterioration re2ortin) threshold @U(Qual-etRe2ThresholdA determines the period during which the $uality must constantly stay worse than the 0(/:0+(/ target @despite of the ma%imum uplin S&/ targetA before the uplin '+PC may send a $uality deterioration report.
The uplin '+PC repeats the $uality deterioration reports to the hando"er control periodically until the uplin S&/ target decreases below the ma%imum "alue. The /NP parameter &,H# caused 9! U( -CH Qualit! @&,H#causeU2lin7Qualit!A indicates whether or not an inter>fre$uency hando"er caused by 3plin 2C# $uality is enabled. &n case of /T data connection @CS or PSA! also the ma%imum allocated user bitrate on the uplin 2PC# must be lower than or e$ual to the bitrate threshold which is controlled with the /NP parameter Maximum Allowed U( User .itrate in HH# @HHoMaxAllowed.itrateU(A! before the /NC may start the inter>fre$uency measurement due to 3plin 2C# $uality. This limitation in uplin bitrate is not applied for N/T ser"ices. *hen the inter>fre$uency hando"er:measurement is enabled! the /NC starts the inter>fre$uency measurement. The /NC ma es the hando"er decision on the basis of periodic inter>fre$uency measurement reports recei"ed from the 3( and rele"ant control parameters. 9.B.9.=.8 &nter>fre$uency hando"er due to 3( transmission power @e"ent B-! e"ent B0A &f the ser"ing cell @or cells participating in soft hando"erA has neighbor cells on another carrier fre$uency! an e"ent>triggered 3( transmission power measurement report can be used to trigger off inter>fre$uency hando"er when the transmission power of the 3( approaches either its ma%imum /1 output power capability or the ma%imum transmission power le"el the 3( can use on the 2PC#. The /NP parameter &,H# caused 9! UE T= Power @&,H#causeTxPwrU(A indicates whether an inter>fre$uency hando"er caused by 3( transmission power is enabled or not. &n addition! the ma%imum allocated user bitrate on the uplin 2PC# must be lower than or e$ual to the bitrate threshold which is controlled with /NP parameter Maximum Allowed U( User .itrate in HH# @HHoMaxAllowed.itrateU(A! before the /NC may start the inter> fre$uency measurement due to 3( transmission power. *hen the inter>fre$uency hando"er measurement is enabled! the /NC starts a 3(>internal measurement in order to monitor the 3( transmission power le"el. The
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measurement reporting criteria for the 3( transmission power measurement is controlled with the following /NP parametersE
UE T= Power ,ilter Coe""icient @&nter,reqUETxPwr,ilterCoe""A controls the higher layer filtering @a"eragingA of the physical layer transmission power measurements in the 3(. The physical layer measurement period for the 3( transmission power is one slot. UE T= Power Threshold "or AMR @&nter,reqUETxPwrThrAMRA determines the 3( transmission power threshold for a circuit>switched "oice connection. UE T= Power Threshold "or CS @&nter,reqUETxPwrThrCSA determines the 3( transmission power threshold for a circuit>switched data connection. UE T= Power Threshold "or 3RT PS @&nter,reqUETxPwrThr3rtPSA determines the 3( transmission power threshold for a non>real time pac et>switched data connection. UE T= Power Threshold "or RT PS @&nter,reqUETxPwrThrRtPSA determines the 3( transmission power threshold for a real>time pac et> switched data connection. UE T= Power Time H!steresis @&nter,reqUETxPwrTimeH!stA determines the time period during which the 3( transmission power must stay below the transmission power threshold before the 3( calls off the hando"er cause @e"ent B0A.
Note that 3( transmission power is not used as a hando"er cause for a ser"ice type if the "alue of the corresponding 3( transmission power threshold parameter is 2not used2. The power thresholds are relati"e to the ma%imum transmission power le"el a 3( can use on the 2PC# in the cell @or the ma%imum /1 output power capability of the 3( in *C2.-! whiche"er is lowerA. &n case of multiser"ice! the /NC selects the parameters in the following orderE 1st priority -./! 8nd priority CS data! =rd priority /T PS data! and 4th priority N/T PS. &f the 3( transmission power becomes greater than the reporting threshold! the 3( sends the measurement report @e"ent B-A to the /NC! and the /NC starts the inter>fre$uency measurement. The /NC ma es the hando"er decision on the basis of periodic inter>fre$uency measurement reports recei"ed from the 3( and rele"ant control parameters @see Section 9.B.9.=.4 on hando"er decisionA. 9.B.9.=.= &nter>fre$uency hando"er due to CP&C# /SCP @e"ent 1(! e"ent 11A /ecei"ed signal code power @/SCPA measurement result on the primary CP&C# can be used to trigger off inter> fre$uency hando"er if the ser"ing cell @or cells participating in soft hando"erA has neighbor cells on another carrier fre$uency. The /NP parameter &,H# caused 9! CP&CH RSCP @&,H#causeCP&CHrsc2A indicates whether an inter>fre$uency hando"er caused by low measured absolute CP&C# /SCP is enabled or not. *hen the inter>fre$uency hando"er is enabled! the /NC sets up an intra>fre$uency measurement in order to monitor the absolute CP&C# /SCP "alue. The measurement reporting criteria for the intra>fre$uency CP&C# /SCP measurement is controlled with the following /NP parametersE

CP&CH RSCP HH# Threshold @HHoRsc2ThresholdA determines the absolute CP&C# /SCP threshold which is used by the 3( to trigger the reporting e"ent 11. CP&CH RSCP HH# Time H!steresis @HHoRsc2TimeH!steresisA determines the time period during which the CP&C# /SCP of the acti"e set cell must stay worse than the threshold HHoRsc2Threshold before the 3( can trigger the reporting e"ent 11. CP&CH RSCP HH# Cancellation @HHoRsc2CancelA determines the absolute CP&C# /SCP threshold which is used by the 3( to trigger the reporting e"ent 1(. CP&CH RSCP HH# Cancellation Time @HHoRsc2CancelTimeA determines the time period during which the CP&C# /SCP of the acti"e set cell must stay better than the threshold HHoRsc2Cancel before the 3( can trigger the reporting e"ent 1(. CP&CH RSCP HH# ,ilter Coe""icient @HHoRsc2,ilterCoe""icientA controls the higher layer filtering @a"eragingA of physical layer CP&C# /SCP measurements before the e"ent e"aluation and
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measurement reporting is performed by the 3(. The 3( physical layer measurement period for intra>fre$uency CP&C# /SCP measurement is 800 ms& &f the CP&C# /SCP measurement result of an acti"e set cell becomes worse than or e$ual to the absolute threshold:parameter HHoRsc2Threshold! the 3( sends an e"ent 11>triggered measurement report to the /NC. The 3( cancels e"ent 11 by sending an e"ent 1(>triggered measurement report to the /NC if the CP&C# /SCP measurement result of the acti"e set cell increases again and becomes better than or e$ual to the threshold HHoRsc2Cancel. &f the CP&C# /SCP measurement result of all acti"e set cells has become worse than the reporting threshold HHoRsc2Threshold @e"ent 11 is "alid for all acti"e set cells simultaneouslyA! the /NC starts the inter>fre$uency measurement. The /NC ma es the hando"er decision on the basis of periodic inter>fre$uency measurement reports recei"ed from the 3( and rele"ant control parameters @see Section 9.B.9.=.4 on hando"er decisionA. 9.B.9.=.4 #ando"er decision procedure The measurement results of the best neighboring cell must satisfy a certain criteria before the inter>fre$uency hando"er due to co"erage reasons is made. The criteria is based on the a"eraged CP&C# (c:No and CP&C# /SCP "alues of the best neighbor cell! the a"eraged CP&C# /SCP of the best cell in the acti"e set! the parameters Pathloss Mar)in "or &,H# @Ad iPlossMar)inA and CP&CH Ec83o "or &,H# @Ad iMinEc3oA! and the CP&C# power of the best cell in the acti"e set and CP&C# power of the best neighbor cell. .,. .% >ualit= reason inter7fre?uenc= 6ando4er The /NC supports the following inter>fre$uency hando"ers due to $uality reasons for both real time @/TA and non> real time @N/TA radio bearersE

inter>fre$uency hando"er due to 2ownlin 2PC# power inter>fre$uency hando"er due to CP&C# (c:No
9.B.9.4.1 &nter>fre$uency hando"er due to 2ownlin 2PC# power The 0TS measures and a"erages the downlin code power of each radio lin separately and reports the a"eraged measurement results to the controlling /NC at regular inter"als. The 0TS measures the downlin code power from the pilot bits of the dedicated physical control channel @2PCC#A. &n case of an inter>/NC soft hando"er! the drifting /NC forwards the measurement results to the ser"ing /NC &n No ia N0-P! the /eporting Period is controlled with the /NP parameter Radio lin7 measurement Re2ortin) Period @R(MeasRe2PeriodA. &n =5PP N0-P! the /eporting Period is controlled with the /NP parameters -edicated Measurement Re2ortin) Period *-edicated MeasRe2ortPeriod A! -edicated Measurement Re2ortin) Period CS data @-ediMeasRe2PeriodCSdataA! -edicated Measurement Re2ortin) Period PS data @-ediMeasRe2PeriodPSdataA. -ll of these measurement reports can trigger off inter>fre$uency hando"er when the downlin transmission power of the radio lin approaches its ma%imum allowed power le"el. The /NP parameter &,H# caused 9! -( -PCH T= Power @&,H#causeTxPwr-(A determines whether an inter> fre$uency hando"er caused by high downlin 2PC# power le"el is enabled or not. &n addition! the ma%imum allocated user bit rate on the downlin 2PC# must be lower than or e$ual to the bitrate threshold defined by the /NP parameter Maximum Allowed -( User .itrate in HH# @HhoMaxAllowed.itrate-(A! before the /NC may start the inter>fre$uency measurement and hando"er due to 2ownlin 2PC# power. *hen the hando"er is enabled! the /NC starts the inter>fre$uency measurement procedure if the measured downlin code power of a single radio lin meets certain conditions The /NC ma es the hando"er decision on the basis of periodic inter>fre$uency measurement reports recei"ed from the 3( and rele"ant control parameters @see Section 9.B.9.4.= on hando"er decisionA. 9.B.9.4.8 &nter>fre$uency hando"er due to CP&C# (c:No @e"ent 1(! e"ent 11A The /NP parameter &,H# caused 9! CP&CH Ec83o @&,H#causeCP&CHEc3oA indicates whether an inter> fre$uency hando"er caused by low measured absolute CP&C# (c:No of the ser"ing cell @or cells participating in soft hando"erA is enabled or not. *hen inter>fre$uency hando"er is enabled! the /NC sets up the intra>fre$uency
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measurement reporting e"ents 1( and 11 in order to monitor the absolute CP&C# (c:No "alue. The intra> fre$uency measurement reporting criteria is controlled by the following parametersE

CP&CH Ec83o HH# Threshold @HHoEc3oThresholdA determines the absolute CP&C# (c:No threshold which is used by the 3( to trigger the reporting e"ent 11 CP&CH Ec83o HH# Time H!steresis @HHoEc3oTimeH!steresisA determines the time period during which the CP&C# (c:No of the acti"e set cell must stay worse than the threshold HHoEc3oThreshold before the 3( can trigger the reporting e"ent 11. CP&CH Ec83o HH# Cancellation @HHoEc3oCancelA determines the absolute CP&C# (c:No threshold which is used by the 3( to trigger the reporting e"ent 1(. CP&CH Ec83o HH# Cancellation Time @HHoEc3oCancelTimeA determines the time period during which the CP&C# (c:No of the acti"e set cell must stay better than the threshold HhoEc3oCancel before the 3( can trigger the reporting e"ent 1( CP&CH Ec83o ,ilter Coe""icient @Ec3o,ilterCoe""icientA controls the higher layer filtering @a"eragingA of physical layer CP&C# (c:No measurements before the e"ent e"aluation and measurement reporting is performed by the 3(. The 3( physical layer measurement period for intra> fre$uency CP&C# (c:No measurements is 800 ms.
&f the measured CP&C# (c:No "alue of an acti"e set cell becomes worse than or e$ual to the absolute threshold defined by the CP&CH Ec83o HH# Threshold @HhoEc3oThresholdA parameter! the 3( sends the e"ent 11> triggered intra> fre$uency measurement report to the /NC. The 3( cancels e"ent 11 by sending an e"ent 1(> triggered measurement report to the /NC if the CP&C# (c:No measurement result of the acti"e set cell increases again and becomes better than or e$ual to the threshold defined by the parameter CP&CH Ec83o HH# Cancellation @HHoEc3oCancelA. *hen the measured CP&C# (c:No "alue of all acti"e set cells has become worse than the reporting threshold @e"ent 11 is "alid for all acti"e set cells simultaneouslyA! the /NC starts the inter>fre$uency measurement. The /NC ma es the hando"er decision on the basis of periodic inter>fre$uency measurement reports recei"ed from the mobile station and rele"ant control parameters @see Section 9.B.9.4.= on hando"er decisionA. 9.B.9.4.= #ando"er decision procedure The measurement results of the best neighboring cell must satisfy a certain criteria before the inter>fre$uency hando"er due to $uality reasons is made. The criteria is based on the a"eraged CP&C# (c:No and CP&C# /SCP "alues of the best neighbor cell! the a"eraged CP&C# /SCP of the best cell in the acti"e set! the parameters Minimum CP&CH RSCP "or &,H# @Ad iMinRSCPA! CP&CH Ec83o Mar)in "or &,H# @Ad iEc3oMar)inA! and Ad iTxPwr-PCH and the ma%imum output power capability of the 3(. .,." Inter7R+T (Radio +ccess Tec6nolo$=) 8ando4er or Inter7S=stem 8ando4er (IS8O) &nter>System #ando"ers @&S#'sA! also nown as &nter>/-T @/adio -ccess TechnologyA #ando"ers! allow *C2.- and 5S. networ s to complement each other in terms of $uality! capacity and co"erage @see 1igure 4?A.
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Urban area
DSM DSM DSM DSM DSM DSM DSM DSM WCDMA WCDMA DSM DSM
Rural area
DSM DSM
WCDMA WCDMA
WCDMA WCDMA
ando!er WCDMA DSM for &o!era"e e3tension Co!erage reason han#o!er Gualit reason han#o!er
ando!er DSM WCDMA for &a.a&it/ e3tension or ser!i&e o.timiEation
Fi$ure %*3 Inter7s=stem 6ando4er The 3( must support compressed mode and both *C2.- and 5S. radio access technologies @/-TsA before an inter>system hando"er is possible. The /NC supports inter>system hando"ers for circuit>switched @CSA "oice ser"ices both from *C2.- to 5S. and from 5S. to *C2.-. &nter>system hando"er of pac et>switched @PSA ser"ices between *C2.- and 5S.:5P/S is based on the cell reselection procedure by means of a Cell Change 'rder @CC'A. The /NC supports networ >initiated cell reselection from *C2.- to 5S.:5P/S in C(++C2C# state of connected mode. &n C(++CPC# state of connected mode! the cell reselection is initiated by the 3(. The cell reselection from *C2.- to 5P/S is not supported in C(++C1-C# state of connected mode. The /NC sees the cell reselection from 5S.:5P/S to *C2.- as a radio resource control @//CA connection establishment! and the 3(>initiated cell reselection from *C2.- to 5S.:5P/S as an &u connection release. The /NC does not start inter>system hando"er or cell reselection to 5S. when only a signalling radio bearer @S/0A is allocated for the //C connection. .,.".1 Functionalit= of Inter7S=stem 8ando4ers Networ initiated cell reselection from *C2.- to 5P/S and inter>system hando"er from *C2.- to 5S. are networ >e"aluated hando"ers @N(#'A. The decision algorithm of the inter>system hando"er and networ initiated cell reselection is located in the /adio Networ Controller @/NCA. The /NC ma es the decision on the basis of periodical inter>system measurement reports recei"ed from the 3( and rele"ant control parameters. The /NC orders the 3( to start the periodical reporting of inter>system measurement results only when an inter>system hando"er or cell reselection is needed. The measurement object information for the inter>system measurement is determined by the /NC. 0ecause the 3( is not e%pected to recei"e from the two different systems at the same time! compressed mode must be used at the +1 of the radio interface while the 3( ma es the re$uired inter> system measurements. &f an inter>system hando"er from *C2.- to 5S. is re$uired! the /NC initiates an inter>system relocation procedure in order to allocate radio resources from the 5S. system. &f the resource allocation is successful in the 5S. system! the /NC orders the 3( to ma e an inter>system hando"er to the 5S. system. &f an inter>system hando"er @networ initiated cell reselectionA from *C2.- to 5P/S is re$uired! the /NC sends a cell change command to the 3(! and the 3( shall be responsible for continuing the already e%isting PS connection "ia 5P/S radio access networ . The decision algorithm of the inter>system hando"er from 5S. to *C2.- is located in the 5S. 0SC. -fter the hando"er decision! the 0SC initiates an inter>system relocation procedure in order to allocate radio resources from the target /NC. &f the resource allocation is successful in the target /NC! the 0SC orders the 3( to ma e an inter>system hando"er to the *C2.- system. *hen a radio access bearer is handed o"er from one system to another! both the core networ and the target /NC @or 0SCA are responsible for adapting the 6oS @6uality of Ser"iceA parameters of the radio access bearer according to the target @5S.:5P/S or *C2.-A system.
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&nter>system hando"er and cell reselection are enabled separately for each ser"ice type by means of the following parameters.

Handover o" AMR Service to :SM @:smHandoverAMRA determines whether or not an inter>system hando"er to 5S. is allowed for circuit>switched "oice ser"ices. Handover o" RT PS Service to :SM @:smHandoverRtPSA determines whether or not an inter>system hando"er @cell changeA to 5S.:5P/S is allowed for real>time pac et>switched data ser"ices in C(++C2C# state of connected mode. Handover o" 3RT PS Service to :SM @:smHandover3rtPSA determines whether or not an inter> system hando"er @cell changeA to 5S.:5P/S is allowed for non>real time pac et switched data ser"ices in C(++C2C# state of connected mode.
The /NC ma es the decision on the need for inter>system hando"er. *hen an inter>system hando"er @or cell reselectionA to 5S. is needed! the /NC orders the 3( to start the periodic reporting of inter>system measurement results. The /NC ma es the hando"er decision on the basis of periodic inter>system measurement reports recei"ed from the 3( and rele"ant control parameters. The measurement reporting criteria and the object information @cells and fre$uenciesA for the inter>system measurement are determined by the /NC. The /NC recogniIes the following inter>system hando"er causesE

inter>system hando"er because of uplin 2C# $uality inter>system hando"er because of 3( transmission power inter>system hando"er because of downlin dedicated physical channel @2PC#A power inter>system hando"er because of CP&C# /SCP inter>system hando"er because of CP&C# (c:No immediate &.S&>based hando"er @for more information! see Section 9.B.<A load>based hando"er @for more information! see Section 9.B.10A ser"ice>based hando"er @for more information! see Section 9.B.10A
The /NC ma es the hando"er decision on the basis of periodic inter>system measurement reports recei"ed from the 3( and rele"ant control parameters. The measurement reporting criteria and the object information @cells and fre$uenciesA for the inter>system measurement are determined by the /NC. 3nless the 3( is e$uipped with dual recei"ers! it can only be tuned to one fre$uency at a time. Therefore! compressed mode must be used at the physical layer of the radio interface to allow the 3( to ma e the re$uired inter>system @5S.A measurements while maintaining its e%isting connection. 'nce the /NC has decided to attempt an inter>system hando"er from *C2.- to 5S.! it initiates an inter>system relocation procedure in order to allocate radio resources from the target 5S. 0SS. &f the resource allocation is successful! the /NC orders the 3( to ma e an inter>system hando"er from 3.TS terrestrial radio access networ @3T/-NA to 5S.. &n the case of a networ >initiated cell reselection from *C2.- to 5S.:5P/S! the /NC sends a cell change command to the 3(! which then is responsible for actually transferring the e%isting pac et>switched connection to the target 5S.:5P/S networ . The decision algorithm of the inter>system hando"er from 5S. to *C2.- is located in the 5S. base station controller @0SCA. -fter the hando"er decision! the 0SC initiates an inter>system relocation procedure in order to allocate radio resources from the target /NC. &f the resource allocation is successful in the target /NC! the 0SC orders the 3( to ma e an inter>system hando"er to the *C2.- /-N. *hen a /-0 is handed o"er from one /-T to another! the core networ is responsible for adapting the 6oS parameters of the /-0 according to the new @5S.:5P/S or *C2.-A /-N.
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.,.".! Co4era$e reason inter7s=stem 6ando4er The /NC supports the following inter>system hando"ers @and cell reselectionsA due to co"erage reasons to 5S. for both /T and N/T radio bearersE

inter>system hando"er because of uplin 2C# $uality inter>system hando"er because of 3( transmission power inter>system hando"er because of CP&C# /SCP inter>system hando"er because of downlin 2PC# power @regarded as co"erage reason hando"er in the inter>system hando"er conte%tA inter>system hando"er because of CP&C# (c:No @regarded as co"erage reason hando"er in the inter>system hando"er conte%tA immediate &.S&>based hando"er @for more information! Section 9.B.10A &nter>system hando"er because of uplin 2C# $uality
9.B.;.8.1
The $uality deterioration report from the uplin outer loop power control can be used to trigger off inter>system hando"er to 5S. if the ser"ing cell @or cells participating in soft hando"erA has 5S. neighbor cells. The uplin outer loop power control sends the $uality deterioration report to the hando"er control! if the uplin $uality stays constantly worse than the bit error ratio @0(/A:bloc error ratio @0+(/A target although the uplin S&/ target has reached the ma%imum "alue @the 3( has reached either its ma%imum T% power capability or the ma%imum allowed transmission power le"el on the 2PC#A. The reporting criteria of the $uality deterioration report are controlled with the following radio networ planning @/NPA parametersE
Qualit! deterioration re2ort "rom U( #(PC controller @Ena9leU(Qual-etRe2A indicates whether or not the uplin '+PC can send a $uality deterioration report to the hando"er control in situations when the $uality stays worse than the 0(/:0+(/ target despite of the ma%imum uplin S&/ target. U( qualit! deterioration re2ortin) threshold @U(Qual-etRe2ThresholdA determines the period during which the $uality must constantly stay worse than the 0(/:0+(/ target @despite of the ma%imum uplin S&/ targetA before the uplin '+PC may send a $uality deterioration report.
The uplin '+PC repeats the $uality deterioration reports to the hando"er control periodically until the uplin S&/ target decreases below the ma%imum "alue. #ando"er control does not interrupt an ongoing inter>system @5S.A measurement procedure e"en if the uplin '+PC stops sending the $uality deterioration reports& The parameter :SM H# caused 9! U( -CH Qualit! @:SMcauseU2lin7Qualit!A indicates whether an inter>system hando"er to 5S. caused by 3plin 2C# $uality is enabled or not. &n case of /T data connection circuit switched @CSA or pac et switched @PSAA! also the ma%imum allocated user bitrate on the uplin 2PC# must be lower than or e$ual to the bitrate threshold which is controlled with the parameter Maximum Allowed U( User .itrate in HH# @HHoMaxAllowed.itrateU(A! before the /NC may start the measurement because of uplin 2C# $uality. This limitation in uplin bitrate is not applied for N/T ser"ices. *hen the inter>system hando"er:measurement is enabled! the /NC starts the inter>system @5S.A measurement. The /NC ma es the hando"er decision on the basis of the periodical inter>system measurement reports recei"ed from the 3( and rele"ant control parameter. 9.B.;.8.8 &nter>system hando"er because of 3( transmission power @e"ent B-! e"ent B0A &f the ser"ing cell @or cells participating in soft hando"erA has 5S. neighbor cells! e"ent triggered 3( transmission power measurement report can be used to trigger off hando"er to 5S. when the transmission power of the 3( approaches either its ma%imum /1 output power capability or the ma%imum transmission power le"el the 3( can use on the 2PC#.
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The /NP parameter :SM H# caused 9! UE T= Power @:SMcauseTxPwrU(A indicates whether an inter>system hando"er to 5S. caused by the 3( transmission power is enabled or not. &n addition! the ma%imum allocated user bitrate on the uplin 2PC# must be lower than or e$ual to the bitrate threshold which is controlled with the /NP parameter Maximum Allowed U( User .itrate in HH# @HHoMaxAllowed.itrateU(A! before the /NC may start the inter>system @5S.A measurement because of 3( transmission power. *hen the inter>system hando"er:measurement is enabled! the /NC starts the 3( internal measurement in order to monitor the 3( transmission power le"el. The measurement reporting criteria for the 3( transmission power measurement is controlled with the following /NP parametersE
UE T= Power ,ilter Coe""icient @:smUETxPwr,ilterCoe""A controls the higher layer filtering @a"eragingA of the physical layer transmission power measurements in the 3(. The physical layer measurement period for the 3( transmission power is one slot. UE T= Power Threshold "or AMR @:smUETxPwrThrAMRA determines the 3( transmission power threshold for a circuit>switched "oice connection. UE T= Power Threshold "or CS @:smUETxPwrThrCSA determines the 3( transmission power threshold for a circuit>switched data connection. UE T= Power Threshold "or 3RT PS @:smUETxPwrThr3rtPSA determines the 3( transmission power threshold for a non>real time pac et>switched data connection. UE T= Power Threshold "or RT PS @:smUETxPwrThrRtPSA determines the 3( transmission power threshold for a real>time pac et>switched data connection. UE T= Power Time H!steresis @:smUETxPwrTimeH!stA determines the time period during which the 3( transmission power must stay below the transmission power threshold before the 3( calls off the hando"er cause @e"ent B0A.
Note that the 3( transmission power is not used as a hando"er cause for a ser"ice type if the "alue of the corresponding 3( transmission power threshold parameter is Unot usedU. The power thresholds are relati"e to the ma%imum transmission power le"el a 3( can use on the 2PC# in the cell @or the ma%imum /1 output power capability of the 3( in *C2.-! whiche"er is lowerA. &n case of multiser"ice! the /NC selects the parameters in the following orderE 1st priority -./! 8nd priority CS data! =rd priority /T PS data! and 4th priority N/T PS. &f the 3( transmission power becomes greater than the reporting threshold @e"ent B-A! the 3( sends the measurement report @e"ent B-A to the /NC! and the /NC starts the inter>system @5S.A measurement. The /NC ma es the hando"er decision on the basis of the periodical inter>system measurement reports recei"ed from the 3( and rele"ant control parameters @see Section 9.B.;.8.B on hando"er decisionA. 9.B.;.8.= &nter>system hando"er because of CP&C# /SCP @e"ent 1(! e"ent 11A /ecei"ed signal code power @/SCPA measurement result on the Primary CP&C# can be used to trigger off inter> system hando"er to 5S. if the ser"ing cell @or cells participating in soft hando"erA has 5S. neighbor cells. The /NP parameter :SM H# caused 9! CP&CH RSCP @:SMcauseCP&CHrsc2A indicates whether an inter> system hando"er to 5S. caused by low measured absolute CP&C# /SCP is enabled or not. *hen the inter> system hando"er is enabled! the /NC sets up an intra>fre$uency measurement in order to monitor the absolute CP&C# /SCP "alue. The measurement reporting criteria for the intra>fre$uency CP&C# /SCP measurement is controlled with the following /NP parametersE

CP&CH RSCP HH# Threshold @HHoRsc2ThresholdA determines the absolute CP&C# /SCP threshold which is used by the 3( to trigger reporting e"ent 11. CP&CH RSCP HH# Time H!steresis @HHoRsc2TimeH!steresisA determines the time period during which the CP&C# /SCP of the acti"e set cell must stay worse than the threshold HHoRsc2Threshold before the 3( can trigger reporting e"ent 11. CP&CH RSCP HH# Cancellation @HHoRsc2CancelA determines the absolute CP&C# /SCP threshold which is used by the 3( to trigger reporting e"ent 1(.
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CP&CH RSCP HH# Cancellation Time @HHoRsc2CancelTimeA determines the time period during which the CP&C# /SCP of the acti"e set cell must stay better than the threshold HHoRsc2Cancel before the 3( can trigger the reporting e"ent 1(. CP&CH RSCP HH# ,ilter Coe""icient @HHoRsc2,ilterCoe""icientA controls the higher layer filtering @a"eragingA of physical layer CP&C# /SCP measurements before the e"ent e"aluation and measurement reporting is performed by the 3(. The 3( physical layer measurement period for intra> fre$uency CP&C# /SCP measurement is 800 ms.
&f the CP&C# /SCP measurement result of an acti"e set cell becomes worse than or e$ual to the absolute threshold:parameter HHoRsc2Threshold! the 3( sends an e"ent 11>triggered measurement report to the /NC. The 3( cancels e"ent 11 by sending an e"ent 1(>triggered measurement report to the /NC if the CP&C# /SCP measurement result of the acti"e set cell increases again and becomes better than or e$ual to the threshold HHoRsc2Cancel$ &f the CP&C# /SCP measurement result of all acti"e set cells has become worse than the reporting threshold HHoRsc2Threshold @e"ent 11 is "alid for all acti"e set cells simultaneouslyA! the /NC starts the inter>system @5S.A measurement. The /NC ma es the hando"er decision on the basis of the periodical inter>system measurement reports recei"ed from the 3( and rele"ant control parameters @see Section 9.B.;.8.B on hando"er decisionA. 9.B.;.8.4 &nter>system hando"er because of downlin 2PC# power The 0TS measures and a"erages the downlin code power of each radio lin separately and reports the a"eraged measurement results to the controlling /NC at regular inter"als. The 0TS measures the downlin code power from the pilot bits of the dedicated physical control channel @2PCC#A. &n case of an inter>/NC soft hando"er! the drifting /NC forwards the measurement results to the ser"ing /NC. -ll of these measurement reports can trigger off inter>system hando"er to 5S. when the downlin transmission power of the radio lin approaches its ma%imum allowed power le"el. The /NP parameter :SM H# caused 9! -( -PCH T= Power @:SMcauseTxPwr-(A determines whether an inter>system hando"er to 5S. caused by high downlin 2PC# power le"el is enabled or not. &n addition! the ma%imum allocated user bitrate on the downlin 2PC# must be lower than or e$ual to the bitrate threshold defined by the /NP parameter Maximum Allowed -( User .itrate in HH# @HhoMaxAllowed.itrate-(A! before the /NC may start the inter>system measurement and hando"er because of downlin 2PC# power. *hen the hando"er to 5S. is enabled! the /NC starts the inter>system measurement procedure if the measured downlin code power of a single radio lin is greater than a certain threshold. The /NC ma es the hando"er decision on the basis of periodic inter>system measurement reports recei"ed from the 3( and rele"ant control parameters @see Section 9.B.;.8.B on hando"er decisionA. 9.B.;.8.? &nter>system hando"er because of CP&C# (c:No @e"ent 1(! e"ent 11A CP&C# (c:No measurement result can be used to trigger off inter>system hando"er to 5S. if the ser"ing cell @or cells participating in soft hando"erA has 5S. neighbor cells. The /NP parameter :SM H# caused 9! CP&CH Ec83o @:SMcauseCP&CHEc3o+ indicates whether an inter> system hando"er to 5S. caused by low measured absolute CP&C# (c:No is enabled or not. *hen the inter> system hando"er is enabled! the /NC sets up an intra>fre$uency measurement in order to monitor the absolute CP&C# (c:No "alue. The measurement reporting criteria for the intra>fre$uency CP&C# (c:No measurement is controlled with the following /NP parametersE

CP&CH Ec83o HH# Threshold @HHoEc3oThresholdA determines the absolute CP&C# (c:No threshold which is used by the 3( to trigger reporting e"ent 11 CP&CH Ec83o HH# Time H!steresis @HHoEc3oTimeH!steresisA determines the time period during which the CP&C# (c:No of the acti"e set cell must stay worse than the threshold ##o(cNoThreshold before the 3( can trigger reporting e"ent 11 CP&CH Ec83o HH# Cancellation @HHoEc3oCancelA determines the absolute CP&C# (c:No threshold which is used by the 3( to trigger reporting e"ent 1(
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CP&CH Ec83o HH# Cancellation Time @HHoEc3oCancelTimeA determines the time period during which the CP&C# (c:No of the acti"e set cell must stay better than the threshold HhoEc3oCancel before the 3( can trigger reporting e"ent 1( CP&CH Ec83o ,ilter Coe""icient @Ec3o,ilterCoe""icientA controls the higher layer filtering @a"eragingA of physical layer CP&C# (c:No measurements before the e"ent e"aluation and measurement reporting is performed by the 3(. The 3( physical layer measurement period for intra> fre$uency CP&C# (c:No measurements is 800 ms&
&f the CP&C# (c:No measurement result of an acti"e set cell becomes worse than or e$ual to the absolute threshold:parameter HHoEc3oThreshold! the 3( sends an e"ent 11>triggered measurement report to the /NC. The 3( cancels e"ent 11 by sending an e"ent 1(>triggered measurement report to the /NC if the CP&C# (c:No measurement result of the acti"e set cell increases again and becomes better than or e$ual to the threshold HHoEc3oCancel. &f the CP&C# (c:No measurement result of all acti"e set cells has become worse than the reporting threshold HHoEc3oThreshold @e"ent 11 is "alid for all acti"e set cells simultaneouslyA! the /NC starts the inter>system @5S.A measurement. The /NC ma es the hando"er decision on the basis of periodic inter>system measurement reports recei"ed from the 3( and rele"ant control parameters @see Section 9.B.;.8.B on hando"er decisionA. 9.B.;.8.B #ando"er decision procedure The measurement results of the 5S. neighbor cell must satisfy a certain criteria before the inter>system hando"er or cell change to 5S.:5P/S is made. The criteria is based on the a"eraged 5S. carrier /SS& "alue of the 5S. neighbor! the parameters Minimum R= (evel "or Covera)e @Ad )Rx(evMinH#A and Maximum MS T= Power on TCH @Ad )TxPwrMaxTCHA! and the ma%imum output power capability of the 3( in 5S.. &f there are se"eral 5S. cells which satisfy the re$uired radio lin properties at the same time! the /NC ran s the potential 5S. cells according to the priority le"els and selects the highest ran ed 5S. cell to be the target cell.
.,.1 IMSI based 6ando4er The purpose of the &.S& based hando"er is that a mobile subscriber in a "isited networ can be commanded to measure selecti"ely only specified P+.N cells and to ma e a directed hando"er accordingly only to cells belonging to those specified @home or authorisedA P+.Ns based on the &.S& of the subscriber. The benefit of &.S& based hando"er is geographical sharing and common shared /-N by enabling directed hando"ers from the shared *C2.- networ to the subscriberUs home or authorised *C2.- or 5S. networ . &.S& based hando"er also enables inter>system hando"ers to userLs home or authorised 5S. networ in shared areas or in mobile "irtual networ operator @.)N'A. The input for the selecti"e measurement and hando"er control is the P+.N identifier that is included in the &.S& of the subscriber. The P+.N identifier which consists of mobile country code @.CCA and mobile networ code @.NCA is included in the &.S& of the subscriber as shown in the figure below.
&.S& G .CC S .NC S .S&N P+.N id

&.S& .CC .NC .S&N P+.N &nternational .obile Subscriber &ndetity .obile Country Code .obile Networ Code .obile Subscriber &dentification Number Public +and .obile Networ
Fi$ure %,3 IMSI .efinition
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The &.S&>based hando"er feature can be enabled separately for intra>fre$uency! inter>fre$uency and inter>system hando"ers. *hen the feature is enabled! the /NC ma es the neighbor cell lists for the inter>fre$uency and inter> system @5S.A measurements on a subscriber>by>subscriber basis according to the P+.N identifier that is included in the &.S& of the subscriber! and performs the corresponding hando"er selecti"ely to the neighboring cell which either belongs to the home P+.N of the subscriber or to a P+.N which is defined in the authorised networ list. *hen the feature is enabled for intra>fre$uency hando"ers! the /NC adds a new cell to the acti"e set only if the P+.N identifier of the cell @that has triggered reporting e"ent 1- or 1CA is included in the list of authorised networ s! or if it has the same P+.N identifier as the subscriber or if it has the same P+.N identifier as an e%isting acti"e set cell. - list of authorised networ s contains a ma%imum of si% P+.N identifiers @.CCS.NCA that are considered e$ual to the home P+.N of a subscriber. The radio networ database contains ten separate authorised networ lists. The /NC is able to lin up to 18; specified home P+.N identifiers with the specified authorised networ lists. 1igure 49 shows the functionality of &.S& based hando"er in the geographical sharing concept. &n geographical sharing! operators co"er separate areas and share networ s "ia national roaming. #owe"er! there can be areas where both operators ha"e built their own co"erage @for e%ample big city areasA. &.S& based hando"er directs the subscriber to its home *C2.- networ when co"erage becomes a"ailable. *hen *C2.- co"erage ends! the subscriber is handed o"er to its home 5S. networ .
DS M WC DMA
DS M WC DMA
DS M WC DMA
DS M
DS M WC DMA
DS M
DS M
WC DMA DS M $ase# on I( SI/ operator $ user is han#e# o!er to its own BC& ( A networwhen co!erage beco*es a!ailable DS M DS M
WC DMA DS M
WC DMA DS M
WC DMA DS M DS M
$ase# on I( SI/ loa# an# ser!ice5base# inter5s ste* H D s to their own +S( networ- in share# area
$ase# on I(SI/ operator A user is han#e# o!er to its own BC&(A networwhen co!erage beco*es a!ailable
$ase# on I( SI/ users are han#e# o!er to their own +S( networ-s when BC& (A co!erage en#s
9.erator A DS M &ell 9.erator A o$n WC DMA &ell 9.erator A &ontrolled shared WC DMA &ell 9.erator A user .ath
9.erator ( DS M &ell 9.erator ( o$n WC DMA &ell 9.erator ( &ontrolled shared WC DMA &ell 9.erator ( user .ath
Fi$ure % 3 IMSI based 6ando4er in $eo$rap6ical s6arin$ concept 1igure 4; shows the functionality of &.S& based hando"er in the common shared /-N @with gateway coreA concept! where operators build common radio access networ s and core networ s in the shared area. *hen a subscriber is mo"ing from the shared area to the area where both operators ha"e their own co"erage a"ailable! the subscriber is handed o"er to its home *C2.- networ . *hen *C2.- co"erage ends! the subscribers are handed o"er to their home 5S. networ s.
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DS M
DS M
DS M WC DMA
D S M
DS M
WC DMA
WC DMA WC DMA
WC DMA
DS M $ase# on I( SI/ operator $ user is han#e# o!er to its own BC& ( A networwhen co!erage beco*es a!ailable
DS M
DS M
D S M $ase# on I(SI/ operator A user is han#e# o!er to its own BC&(A networwhen co!erage beco*es a!ailable 9.erator ( D S M &ell
DS M $ase# on I( SI/ users are han#e# o!er to their own +S( networ-s when BC& ( A co!erage en#s
$ase# on I(SI/ loa# an# ser!ice5base# inter5s ste* H D s to their own +S( networ- in share# area 9 .erator A DS M &ell 9 .erator A o$n WC DMA &ell 9 .erator A user .ath C ommon shared WC DMA &ell
9.erator ( o$n WC DMA &ell 9.erator ( user .ath
Fi$ure %"3 IMSI based 6ando4er in common s6ared R+/ concept. 1igure 4< shows the functionality of &.S& based hando"er in mobile "irtual networ operator @.)N'A concept! where operators ha"e their own 5S. networ s and one operator is operating as a "irtual operator in another operatorLs *C2.- networ . &.S& based hando"er enables load and ser"ice based inter>system hando"ers to the subscriberLs home 5S. networ from the "irtual mobile networ . *hen *C2.- co"erage ends! subscribers are handed o"er to their home 5S. networ s.
DS M
DS M
DS M
WC DMA
WC DMA
DS M
DS M
DS M
$ase# on I(SI/ loa# an# ser!ice5base# inter5s ste* H D s to their own +S( networ- in share# area
$ase# on I( SI/ users are han#e# o!er to their own +S( networ-s when BC& ( A co!erage en#s
9.erator A DS M &ell 9.erator A &ontrolled WC DMA &ell 9.erator A user .ath
9 .erator ( DS M &ell 9 .erator ( user .ath
Fi$ure %13 IMSI based 6ando4er in mobile 4irtual net0or' operator concept. Standard measurement and signalling procedures are used for &.S& based hando"ers! so additional terminal functionality is not re$uired.
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.,.1@ &oad and ser4ice based inter7fre?uenc= and inter7s=stem 6ando4er +oad and ser"ice based hando"ers ta e care of load sharing and ser"ice differentiation within the *C2.system as well as between the *C2.- system and 5S.:5P/S system. 0oth load and ser"ice are ta en into account simultaneously! but the measured load defines the way of operation. 1igure ?8 clarifies the dependency. The load indicators that can be measured are 3+:2+ interference! N/T traffic delay! 2+ spreading code a"ailability and #*:logical resource usage.
?oa# of the source cell >+S( or BC&(A@

1==> +er&enta"e &om.ared to the tar"eted load Load 2ased hando!ers a&&ordin" to ser!i&e .riorities
4=> onl/ ser!i&e hando!ers
9.erator onl/ needs to set this load threshold
table indicates that this certain 3( using a certain ser"ice prefers the 5S.:5P/S system or another *C2.- hierarchical cell layer. Those 3(s are candidates for the ser"ice> based hando"er procedure! and an attempt is made to hand them o"er one by one to the 5S.:5P/S system or to another *C2.- hierarchical cell layer. Ser"ice>based hando"er actions are started in a certain cell periodically with a configurable duration period @*C(+ parameters ServH#Period&nter,req and ServH#Period&nterRAT+$ The ser"ice>based hando"er feature is not in use in the cell if the duration period is defined as Iero. (ach time a ser"ice>based hando"er is started in the cell! a configurable number @*C(+ parameters ServH#3um9UE&nter,req and ServH#3um9UE&nterRATA of //C connections is selected for the procedure! if possible. The use of load and:or ser"ice>based hando"ers can be defined with /NC configuration parameters separately for different ser"ice types. See an e%ample of the ser"ice priority hando"er profile in the following table. Table "3 Ser4ice priorit= 6ando4er profile table3 ser4ice and load7based 6ando4ers accordin$ to t6e ser4ice
=>
Ser4ice t=pe U: is usin$ Con"ersational! Circuit>switched speech Con"ersational! Circuit>switched transparent data Con"ersational! Pac et>switched speech Con"ersational! Pac et>switched real time data Streaming! Circuit>switched non>transparent data Streaming! Pac et>switched real>time data
Used 6ando4er t=pe (.g. +oad O Ser"ice #' (.g. +oad O Ser"ice #' (.g. +oad #' (.g. +oad #' (.g. Ser"ice #' (.g. Ser"ice #'
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&nteracti"e! Pac et>switched non>real time data 0ac ground! Pac et>switched non>real time data
(.g. None (.g. None
1or each of the eight ser"ice types! one of the following alternati"es can be definedE +oad O Ser"ice #' +oad #' Ser"ice #' None @neither Ser"ice #' nor +oad #' is usedA &n the case of multi>/-0! all the ser"ices must support ser"ice>based or load>based hando"er before it is possible. .,.11 .irected RRC Connection Setup (.RRC) 2irected //C Connection Setup @2//CA pro"ides an efficient way to balance the load between two fre$uencies. The cells in"ol"ed need to belong to the same sector of one 0TS @the parameter Sector &denti"ier *Sector&-+ uni$uely identifies the sector of the 0TS a cell belongs toA. This is an early phase balancing different from load based hando"ers @see Section 9.B.10A made in CellC2C# state. This feature utiliIes //C Connection Setup message that is sent on 1-C# before entering to 2PC#. To a"oid -dmission Control @-CA bloc ing new calls on a fully loaded cell! the //C connection setup is redirected to the sectorLs other cell on a different fre$uency. See 1igure ?0. The algorithm chec s if a load of the initially accessed cell @cell1A e%ceeds a load threshold! and is higher @by a specific marginA than the load in another cell of a different fre$uency @cell8A. &f so! the connection establishment is directed to the new cell @cell8A. The load threshold and margins are defined using dedicated radio networ planning parameters in both the uplin and downlin @ -RRC2rx#""set' -RRC2tx#""set' -RRC2rxMar)in' -RRC2txMar)inA.
Fi$ure *@3 .irected RRC Connection Setup (.RRC) The usage of this feature is controlled with the cell>le"el parameter -irectedRRCEna9led. Note that the 2irected //C connection setup for #S2P- layer feature @see Section 9.9.1?A cannot be used simultaneously in the same cell with the 2irected //C connection setup feature.
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.,.1! SR/S Relocation The S/NS relocation is used for mo"ing the S/NC @Ser"ing /NCA functionality from one /NC to another /NC if the 3( mo"es such that it no longer has any connections to the original S/NC and that all its new connections are on a new /NC @which was acting as the old 2/NC @2rift /NCAA. This can happen during &nter>/NC soft hando"er. S/NS relocation also changes the macro di"ersity combining point when 3( mo"es under the other /NC. 0oth the radio access networ @/-NA and the core networ are in"ol"ed. See 1igure ?1.
SRNS Relocation
CN
CN
Iu
RNC
Iu Iur
RNC RNC
Iu Iur
Iu
RNC
1igure ?1E S/NS /elocation Fi$ure *!3 Ser4ice and load based 6ando4er. This feature also enables the operator to set different hando"er profiles for the ser"ice classes. The ser"ice classes are split according to the traffic classes specified for the /-0s! separating the speech and data ser"ices from the CS domain and PS domain as separate ser"ices. The /NC based hando"er profile defines the preferred system or *C2.- hierarchical cell layer @5S.! *C2.- macro! *C2.- micro! noneA. 0y default! only the /T ser"ices are handed o"er because the N/T 2C# allocations are e%pected to be too short for hando"er procedures of this ind. #owe"er! operator may enable hando"ers to be also performed for N/T ser"ices in case of longer 2C# allocations. 1igure ?= shows an e%ample of /NC ser"ice priority definitions. (ach ser"ice is gi"en a preferred system:layer which can be set by the operatorE
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Fi$ure *#3 :2ample of R/C ser4ice priorit= definition This hando"er profile is followed in both load based and ser"ice based hando"er decisions unless the core networ pro"ides a Ser"ice Priority information element @&(A in /-0 setup. The Ser"ice #ando"er &( has higher priority than the /NC Ser"ice Priority table. The /NC Ser"ice Priority table is used to complement Ser"ice #ando"er &( or instead of it if it is not present. +oad and ser"ice based hando"ers are powerful enhancements for /-N hando"er functionality. +oad balancing pro"ides more capacity! better utiliIation of hardware in"estments! and less bloc ing in the networ . &t allows effecti"e traffic sharing between 5S. and *C2.- networ s and their layers. -lso! it is possible to do ser"ice prioritised hando"ers to support different ser"ices at the cell le"el. *hen CS calls are handed o"er to an e%isting 5S. networ ! it is possible to prioritise co"erage deployment to urban areas first @where the mar et demand is highA! and to utiliIe the e%isting 5S. layer in rural areas. *ith this feature! the operator can shift in"estments to the future or e"en a"oid 5S. capacity enhancement in"estments. Standard signalling procedures are used for load and ser"ice based inter>fre$uency and inter>system hando"ers! so additional terminal functionality is not re$uired. +oad>based inter>fre$uency and inter>/-T hando"ers are used to balance the load between different *C2.carriers:cells and between *C2.- and 5S.:5P/S systems. &f the load of a specified *C2.- cell e%ceeds redefined threshold@sA! the /NC starts to hand o"er certain 3(s to other *C2.- cells wor ing in another fre$uency or to the 5S. system. 1irst! the /NC selects the 3(s to be handed o"er. The preferred target /-T or hierarchical *C2.- layer for each selected 3( is determined by combining the &u interface ser"ice priority information and the /NC>based ser"ice priority information. Then! the /NC starts the inter>fre$uency and inter> /-T measurements for the selected 3(s with normal or modified neighbor cell lists. 1inally! the selected 3(s are handed o"er K if possible! according to the measurement results K to the *C2.- cells and:or to the 5S.:5P/S cells which are the most suitable. +oad>based hando"er is partly also a ser"ice>based hando"er! because the ser"ice that the 3( is using and both /-0>based and /NC>based ser"ice priorities are inputs for the procedure. The /NC chec s load>based hando"er triggers periodically in each cell. Chec ing is done e"ery time when new interference information is recei"ed from the 0TS or cell. The following four reasons can trigger a load>based hando"er procedure in a cellE Total interference load of the cell e%ceeds a predefined threshold.

PS N/T traffic capacity re$uest rejection rate e%ceeds a predefined threshold. 2ownlin spreading codes are lac ing in the cell. #* or logical resources are limited in the cell.
Ser4ice7based 6ando4ers are used to mo4e U:s usin$ certain ser4ices to t6e ASM5APRS s=stem or to anot6er -C.M+ 6ierarc6ical cell la=er. T6e R/C performs periodical c6ec's in t6e cell (despite t6e load le4el of t6e cell) to see if t6ere are an= U:s in connected mode 06ose ser4ice priorit= information
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recei4ed from t6e Iu interface indicates t6at F8ando4er to ASM s6ould be performedG9 or 06ose R/C7 based ser4ice priorit= 6ando4er profile S/NS relocation also occurs during an &nter>/NC #ard #ando"er. &n this case! the 3( is in"ol"ed! since the 3( is ordered to switch to another carrier or to replace the whole acti"e set by sending a ##' command to the 3( during the relocation procedure. -n &nter>/NC #ard #ando"er can happen if there is congestion on the &ur interface or no &ur interface is configured between the neighbor /NCs. S/NS relocation support is configured with the /NC le"el parameter Servin) R3C Relocation Su22ort *RelocationSu22ort+. See also Section 9.B.1= on anchoring. .,.1# SR/C +nc6orin$ *hen the neighboring target /NC does not support S/NS relocation! the S/NC starts anchoring the //C connection when all the radio lin @sA in the acti"e set of the 3( are located in the 2/NC @as long as the 3( is in CellC2C# with reser"ed dedicated channel resourcesA. -ll the reser"ed radio interface related resources are released from the S/NS! but the S/NC continues acting as a ser"ing node of the //C connection "ia the &ur and 2/NS. See 1igure ?4.
SRNC Anchoring
CN CN
Iu
RNC
Iu Iur
RNC RNC
Iu Iur
Iu
RNC
Fi$ure *%3 SR/C +nc6orin$ S/NC -nchoring support for &nter>/NC mobility is added to No ia /NC in order to support other neighboring multi>"endor /NCs that donLt support S/NS /elocation! but otherwise the /NC should be configured to support S/NS relocation @/NC>le"el parameter RelocationSu22ortA because anchoring does not optimiIe transmission utiliIation or support a full feature set li e .ulti>/-0 pac et scheduling! inter>fre$uency hando"ers! inter>system hando"ers! load based and ser"ice based hando"ers! location based ser"ices! enhanced priority based scheduling and o"erload control for N/T traffic! or dynamic lin optimiIation for N/T traffic co"erage.
.,.1% Mana$ement Parameters for 8ando4er Control These management parameters including default recommended "alues are described in more detail in -nne% 1E 4C-MA RAS50$6 Parameter -ictionar!. Please refer to Section ;.1.= for the recommended "alues of the main soft:softer hando"er parameters and Section ;.1.4 for the recommended "alues of the main inter>system hando"er parameters.
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See 1igure ?? for the structure of the #C parameter object classes! including the ma%imum number of objects for each object class.
=8
R/C
100
+.IA
DI DI 0nter0nterS/stem S/stem
100
FMCA -BTS
4; 8OPA 100
+.II FMCI -C:& +.IS

8OPI 100
0I 0I 0nter0nter-re1uen& -re1uen& / / SI SI 0ntra0ntra-re1uen& -re1uen& / /
100
=8
FMCS
8OPS 100
RNC F %adio 7et$or' Controller le!el .arameters B$TS F 7ode ( le!el .arameters BC%? F Cell le!el .arameters F(C) F -re1uen&/ Measurement Control .arameters )SFintra-fre1uen&/G 0Finter-fre1uen&/G DFinters/stem* A&H) F AdHa&ent Cell .arameters )SFintra-fre1uen&/G 0Finter-fre1uen&/G DFinter-s/stem* HDP) F ando!er +ath .arameters )SFintra-fre1uen&/G 0Finter-fre1uen&/G DFinter-s/stem*
Fi$ure **3 Structure of t6e 8C Parameter ObHect Classes .,.1%.1 R/C parameters /NC parameters related to hando"er control are listed below.
Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE 3pper /%>T% T2 Threshold 3pper/%T%Time2iff +ower /%>T% T2 Threshold +ower/%T%Time2iff #ando"er of -./ ser"ice to 5S. 5sm#ando"er-./ #ando"er of CS ser"ice to 5S. 5sm#ando"erCS #ando"er of N/T PS ser"ice to 5S.
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-bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE
5sm#ando"erNrtPS #ando"er of /T PS ser"ice to 5S. 5sm#ando"er/tPS (nable 3+ 6uality 2eterioration report (nable3+6ual2et/ep 3+ 6uality 2eterioration /eporting Threshold 3+6ual2et/epThreshold &dentifier of 2efault -uthorised Networ 2efault-uthorisedNetwor &d +ist of shared area P+.Ns Shared-reaP+.Nlist Shared area P+.N identity Shared-reaP+.Nid Shared area .obile Country Code Shared-rea.CC Shared area .obile Networ Code Shared-rea.NC 3se of S+#' for CS speech S+#'3seCon"CSSpeech 3se of S+#' for Transparent CS data S+#'3seCon"CST2ata 3se of S+#' for PS speech S+#'3seCon"PSSpeech 3se of S+#' for Con"ersational PS data S+#'3seCon"PS/T2ata
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Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE
3se of S+#' for Non>transparent CS data S+#'3seStreamCSNT2ata 3se of S+#' for Streaming PS data S+#'3seStreamPS/T2ata 3se of S+#' for &nteracti"e PS data S+#'3se&nteracti"ePSN/T2ata 3se of S+#' for 0ac ground PS data S+#'3se0ac groundPSN/T2ata +#' .inimum N/T 2C# -llocation Time +#'.inNrt2ch-llocTime Ser"ice Profile for CS speech in S+#' S+#'ProfileCon"CSSpeech Ser"ice Profile for Transparent CS data in S+#' S+#'ProfileCon"CST2ata Ser"ice Profile for PS speech in S+#' S+#'ProfileCon"PSSpeech
Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE
Ser"ice Profile for Con"ersational PS data in S+#' S+#'ProfileCon"PS/T2ata Ser"ice profile for Non>transparent CS data in S+#' S+#'ProfileStreamCSNT2ata Ser"ice profile for Streaming PS data in S+#' S+#'ProfileStreamPS/T2ata Ser"ice profile for &nteracti"e PS data in S+#' S+#'Profile&nteracti"ePSN/T2ata Ser"ice profile for 0ac ground PS data in S+#'
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-bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE
S+#'Profile0ac groundPSN/T2ata C. allowed for N/T connection in S+#' S+#'Cm-allowedN/T NC#' threshold common load measurement 2/NC cell NC#'ThrCom+oad.eas2/NCCell NC#' hysteresis common load measurement 2/NC cell NC#'#ystCom+oad.eas2/NCCell NC#' filter coefficient common load meas 2/NC cell NC#'1iltercoeffCom+oad.eas2/NCCell Non>acti"e +oad .easurement in S+#' S+#'#andling'fCell+oad.easNot-ct
.,.1%.! -C.M+ BTS parameters (-BTS) *C2.- 0TS parameters that are related to hando"er controlE
Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE /+ .easurement /eporting Period /+.eas/epPeriod 2edicated .easurement /eporting Period 2edicated.eas/eportPeriod 2edicated .easurement /eporting Period CS data 2edi.eas/epPeriodCSdata 2edicated .easurement /eporting Period PS data 2edi.eas/epPeriodPSdata .easurement 1ilter Coefficient .eas1iltCoeff
.,.1%.# -C.M+ cell parameters (-C:&) *C2.- cell parameters related to hando"er control are listed below.
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Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE
/T 1.CS &dentifier /t1mcs&dentifier N/T 1.CS &dentifier Nrt1mcs&dentifier .a%imum -llowed 2+ 3ser 0itrate in ##' #ho.a%-llowed0itrate2+ .a%imum -llowed 3+ 3ser 0itrate in ##' ##o.a%-llowed0itrate3+ /T 1.C& &dentifier /t1mci&dentifier N/T 1.C& &dentifier Nrt1mci&dentifier /T 1.C5 &dentifier /t1mcg&dentifier N/T 1.C5 &dentifier Nrt1mcg&dentifier Sector &dentifier Sector&2 Pr% 'ffset for 2//C 2//Cpr%'ffset Pt% 'ffset for 2//C 2//Cpt%'ffset Pr% .argin for 2//C 2//Cpr%.argin Pt% .argin for 2//C 2//Cpt%.argin 2irected //C connection setup enabled 2irected//C(nabled
+oad #' 3+ Power 'ffset +#'Pwr'ffset3+

+oad #' 2+ Power 'ffset +#'Pwr'ffset2+ +oad #' 3+ N/T Capacity re$uest /ejection rate +#'Capa/e$/ej/ate3+ +oad #' 2+ N/T Capacity re$uest /ejection rate
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-bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE
+#'Capa/e$/ej/ate2+ +oad #' /eser"ation rate of 2+ Spreading codes +#'/es/ateSC +oad #' #ard 0loc ing ratio +#'#ard0loc ing/atio *indow siIe for &nterference .easurement to Start +oad #'s +#'*inSiIe'N&nterference *indow siIe for &nterference .easurement to Stop +oad #'s +#'*inSiIe'11&nterference #ysteresis time for &nterference .easurement to Start +oad #'s +#'#ystTime&nterference 2elay to 0roadcast &nterference based +#' state o"er info +#'2elay'11&nterference *indow siIe for N/T +oad .easurement to Start +oad #'s +#'*inSiIe'NCapa/e$/ej/ate *indow siIe for N/T +oad .easurement to Stop +oad #'s +#'*inSiIe'11Capa/e$/ej/ate #ysteresis time for N/T +oad .easurement to Start +oad #'s +#'#ystTimeCapa/e$/ej/ate 2elay to 0roadcast N/T +oad based #' State o"er +#'2elay'11Capa/e$/ej/ate +oad #' N/T traffic base load +#'N/TTraffic0ase+oad *indow siIe for 2+ SC /eser"ation rate .easurement to Start +#'s +#'*inSiIe'N/es/ateSC *indow siIe for 2+ SC /eser"ation rate .easurement to Stop +#'s +#'*inSiIe'11/es/ateSC #ysteresis time for 2+ SC /eser"ation rate .easurement to Start +#'s +#'#ystTime/es/ateSC
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Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE
2elay to 0roadcast 2+ SC /eser"ation based +#' state o"er +#'2elay'11/es/ateSC *indow siIe for #ard 0loc ing .easurement to Start +oad #'s +#'*inSiIe'N#ard0loc ing *indow siIe for #ard 0loc ing .easurement to Stop +oad #'s +#'*inSiIe'11#ard0loc ing #ysteresis time for #ard 0loc ing .easurement to Start +#'s +#'#ystTime#ard0loc ing 2elay to 0roadcast #ard 0loc ing based +#' State o"er info +#'2elay'11#ard0loc ing .a%imum Number of 3(s in C. due to S+#' .easurement .a%Number3(CmS+#' Number of 3(s in &nter>fre$uency +oad #' +#'Numb3(&nter1re$ Number of 3(s in &nter>/-T +oad #' +#'Numb3(&nter/-T Period to Start &nter>fre$uency Ser"ice #'s Ser"#'Period&nter1re$ Period to Start &nter>/-T Ser"ice #'s Ser"#'Period&nter/-T Number of &nter>fre$uency Ser"ice #'s Ser"#'Numb3(&nter1re$ Number of &nter>/-T Ser"ice #'s Ser"#'Numb3(&nter/-T #ard 0loc ing 0ase +oad for +#' +#'#ard0loc ing0ase+oad
.,.1%.% Intra7fre?uenc= measurement control parameters (FMCS) The radio networ database can contain the ma%imum of 100 separate measurement control parameter sets for intra>fre$uency measurements. .easurement reporting criteria are defined on a cell>by>cell basis by attaching a specified measurement control parameter set to a specified cell.
Parameter nameE -ddition *indow
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-bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE
-ddition*indow -ddition Time -dditionTime -ddition /eporting &nter"al -ddition/eporting&nter"al 2rop *indow 2rop*indow 2rop Time 2ropTime /eplacement *indow /eplacement*indow /eplacement Time /eplacementTime /eplacement /eporting &nter"al /eplacement/eporting&nter"al .a%imum -cti"e Set SiIe .a%-cti"eSetSiIe CP&C# (c:No 1ilter Coefficient (cNo1ilterCoefficient -cti"e Set *eighting Coefficient -cti"eSet*eightingCoefficient CP&C# (c:No ##' Cancellation ##o(cNoCancel CP&C# (c:No ##' Cancellation Time ##o(cNoCancelTime CP&C# (c:No ##' Threshold ##o(cNoThreshold CP&C# (c:No ##' Time #ysteresis ##o(cNoTime#ysteresis CP&C# /SCP ##' Cancellation ##o/scpCancel CP&C# /SCP ##' Cancellation Time ##o/scpCancelTime CP&C# /SCP ##' 1ilter Coefficient ##o/scp1ilterCoefficient CP&C# /SCP ##' Threshold
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-bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE
##o/scpThreshold CP&C# /SCP ##' Time #ysteresis ##o/scpTime#ysteresis &.S& 0ased S#' &.S&basedS#'
.,.1%.* Inter7fre?uenc= measurement control parameters (FMCI) The radio networ database can contain the ma%imum of 100 separate measurement control parameter sets for inter>fre$uency measurements. .easurement reporting criteria are defined on a cell>by>cell basis by attaching a specified measurement control parameter set to a specified cell.
Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE &1#' caused by CP&C# (c:No &1#'causeCP&C#(cNo &1#' caused by CP&C# /SCP &1#'causeCP&C#rscp &1#' caused by 2+ 2PC# TD Power &1#'causeT%Pwr2+ &1#' caused by 3( TD Power &1#'causeT%Pwr3+ &1#' caused by 3+ 2C# 6uality &1#'cause3plin 6uality 2+ 2PC# TD Power Threshold for -./ &nter1re$2+T%PwrThr-./ 2+ 2PC# TD Power Threshold for CS &nter1re$2+T%PwrThrCS 2+ 2PC# TD Power Threshold for N/T PS &nter1re$2+T%PwrThrNrtPS 2+ 2PC# TD Power Threshold for /T PS &nter1re$2+T%PwrThr/tPS .a%imum .easurement Period &nter1re$.a%.easPeriod .easurement -"eraging *indow &nter1re$.eas-"e*indow .easurement /eporting &nter"al &nter1re$.eas/ep&nter"al .inimum &nter"al 0etween &1#'s &nter1re$.in#o&nter"al
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Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE
.inimum .easurement &nter"al &nter1re$.in.eas&nter"al Neighbour Cell Search Period &nter1re$NcellSearchPeriod 3( TD Power 1ilter Coefficient &nter1re$3(T%Pwr1ilterCoeff 3( TD Power Threshold for -./ &nter1re$3(T%PwrThr-./ 3( TD Power Threshold for CS &nter1re$3(T%PwrThrCS 3( TD Power Threshold for N/T PS &nter1re$3(T%PwrThrNrtPS 3( TD Power Threshold for /T PS &nter1re$3(T%PwrThr/tPS 3( TD Power Time #ysteresis &nter1re$3(T%PwrTime#yst &.S& 0ased &1#' &.S&based&1#' .inimum &nter"al between &1 S+#'s &nter1re$.inS+#'&nter"al
.,.1%., Inter7s=stem (ASM) measurement control parameters (FMCA) The radio networ database can contain the ma%imum of 100 separate measurement control parameter sets for inter>system @5S.A measurements. .easurement reporting criteria are defined on a cell>by>cell basis by attaching a specified measurement control parameter set to a specified cell.
Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE 5S. #' caused by CP&C# (c:No 5S.causeCP&C#(cNo 5S. #' caused by CP&C# /SCP 5S.causeCP&C#rscp 5S. #' caused by 2+ 2PC# TD Power 5S.causeT%Pwr2+ 5S. #' caused by 3( TD Power 5S.causeT%Pwr3+ 5S. #' caused by 3+ 2C# 6uality 5S.cause3plin 6uality
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Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE
2+ 2PC# TD Power Threshold for -./ 5sm2+T%PwrThr-./ 2+ 2PC# TD Power Threshold for CS 5sm2+T%PwrThrCS 2+ 2PC# TD Power Threshold for N/T PS 5sm2+T%PwrThrNrtPS 2+ 2PC# TD Power Threshold for /T PS 5sm2+T%PwrThr/tPS .a%imum .easurement Period 5sm.a%.easPeriod .easurement -"eraging *indow 5sm.eas-"e*indow .easurement /eporting &nter"al 5sm.eas/ep&nter"al .inimum &nter"al 0etween #'s 5sm.in#o&nter"al .inimum .easurement &nter"al 5sm.in.eas&nter"al 5S. Neighbour Cell Search Period 5smNcellSearchPeriod 3( TD Power 1ilter Coefficient 5sm3(T%Pwr1ilterCoeff 3( TD Power Threshold for -./ 5sm3(T%PwrThr-./ 3( TD Power Threshold for CS 5sm3(T%PwrThrCS 3( TD Power Threshold for N/T PS 5sm3(T%PwrThrNrtPS 3( TD Power Threshold for /T PS 5sm3(T%PwrThr/tPS TD Power Time #ysteresis 5sm3(T%PwrTime#yst &.S& 0ased 5S. #' &.S&based5sm#o .inimum &nter"al 0etween &S S+#'s 5sm.inS+#'&nter"al
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.,.1%.
Intra7fre?uenc= nei$6bour cell parameters (+.IS)
- *C2.- cell can ha"e the ma%imum of =1 intra>fre$uency neighbour cells. The following intra>fre$uency neighbour cell parameters @-2FSA are related to the hando"er control as suchE
Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE /T #'PS &dentifier /t#ops&dentifier N/T #'PS &dentifier Nrt#ops&dentifier CP&C# (c:No 'ffset -djs(cNo'ffset 2isable (ffect on /eporting /ange -djs2(//
.,.1%." Inter7fre?uenc= nei$6bour cell parameters (+.II) - *C2.- cell can ha"e the ma%imum of 4; inter>fre$uency neighbour cells. The following inter>fre$uency neighbour cell parameters @-2F&A are related to the hando"er control as suchE
Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE /T #'P& &dentifier /t#opi&dentifier N/T #'P& &dentifier Nrt#opi&dentifier (cNo offset for non>critical #' -dji(cNo'ffsetNC#' #andling of bloc ed &1 neighbour cell in S+#' procedure -dji#andling0loc edCellS+#' NC#' acti"ity of common load measurement 2/NC cell -djiCom+oad.eas2/NCCellNC#'
.,.1%.1 Inter7s=stem (ASM) nei$6bour cell parameters (+.IA) - *C2.- cell can ha"e the ma%imum of =8 5S. neighbour cells. The following 5S. neighbour cell parameters @-2F5A are related to the hando"er control as suchE
Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE /T #'P5 &dentifier /t#opg&dentifier N/T #'P5 &dentifier Nrt#opg&dentifier
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.,.1%.1@ Intra7fre?uenc= 6ando4er pat6 parameters (8OPS) The radio networ database can contain the ma%imum of 100 separate parameter sets @#'PSA for the intra> fre$uency hando"er path. The intra>fre$uency hando"er path is defined on a neighbour cell>by>cell basis by attaching a specified #'PS parameter set to a specified neighbour cell. The following #'PS parameters define the intra>fre$uency hando"er pathE
Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE ##' .argin for -"erage (c:N ##'.argin-"erage(cNo ##' .argin for Pea (c:No ##'.arginPea (cNo /elease .argin for -"erage (c:No /elease.argin-"erage(cNo /elease .argin for Pea (c:No /elease.arginPea (cNo CP&C# (c:No -"eraging *indow (cNo-"eraging*indow (nable //C Connection /elease (nable//C/elease (nable &nter>/NC Soft #ando"er (nable&nter/NCsho
.,.1%.11 Inter7fre?uenc= 6ando4er pat6 parameters (8OPI) The radio networ database can contain the ma%imum of 100 separate parameter sets @#'P&A for the inter> fre$uency hando"er path. The inter>fre$uency hando"er path is defined on a neighbour cell>by>cell basis by attaching a specified #'P& parameter set to a specified neighbour cell. The following #'P& parameters define the inter>fre$uency hando"er pathE
Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE CP&C# (c:No .argin for &1#' -dji(cNo.argin .inimum CP&C# (c:No for &1#' -dji.in(cNo .inimum CP&C# /SCP for &1#' -dji.in/SCP Pathloss .argin for &1#' -djiPloss.argin Ncell Priority for Co"erage &1#' -djiPriorityCo"erage
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Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE
Ncell Priority for 6uality &1#' -djiPriority6uality Ncell Priority for Ser"ice and +oad &1#' -djiPriorityS+#' .inimum CP&C# /SCP for non>critical &1#' -dji.in/scpNC#' .inimum CP&C# (c:No for non>critical &1#' -dji.in(cNoNC#' Penalty Time for *C2.- Cell in non> critical #' -djiPenaltyTimeNC#'
.,.1%.1! Inter7s=stem (ASM) 6ando4er pat6 parameters (8OPA) The radio networ database can contain the ma%imum of 100 separate parameter sets @#'P5A for the inter> system hando"er path to 5S.. The hando"er path to 5S. is defined on a neighbour cell>by>cell basis by attaching a specified #'P5 parameter set to a specified 5S. neighbour cell. The following #'P5 parameters define the hando"er path to 5S.E
Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Ncell Priority for Co"erage #' -djgPriorityCo"erage .inimum /D +e"el for Co"erage #' -djg/%+e".in#' Penalty Time for 5S. cell in non>critical #' -djgPenaltyTimeNC#' .inimum /D +e"el for non>critical #' -djg.in/%+e"NC#' Ncell Priority for S+#' -djgPriorityS+#'
.,.1%.1# -C.M+7aut6orised net0or' parameters (-+/:) *C2.->authorised networ parameters related to the &.S&>based hando"er are listed below.
Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE +ist of -uthorised Networ s -uthorisedNetwor +ist -uthorised Networ P+.N -uthorisedNetwor P+.N
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Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE
-uthorised Networ .obile Country Code -uthorisedNetwor .CC -uthorised Networ .obile Networ Code -uthorisedNetwor .NC -uthorised Networ &dentifier -uthorisedNetwor &d Technology 3sed in -uthorised Networ Technology
.,.1%.1% -C.M+ subscriber $roup parameters (-SA) *C2.- subscriber group parameters related to the &.S&>based hando"er are listed below.
Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE Subscriber 5roup &dentifier Subscriber5roup&d Subscriber #ome P+.N #omeP+.N #ome P+.N .obile Country Code #omePlmn.CC #ome P+.N .obile Networ Code #omePlmn.NC &dentifier of -uthorised Networ *S5-uthorisedNetwor &d
Radio Resource Mana$ement of 8S.P+
. .1 +cti4atin$ t6e 8S.P+ feature #S2P- support can be enabled or disabled with a cell>specific management parameter HS-PAena9led. . .! 8S.P+ code resource allocation The /NC allocates one #S>SCC# code @S1G18;A and fi"e #S>P2SC# codes @S1G1BA per cell in the cell>setup phase for cells that are #S2P->capable and which ha"e #S2P- enabled. . .# +llocation of t6e 8S.P+ po0er The PtxMaxHS-PA parameter defines the #S2P- power. This parameter "alue is signalled to the 0TS with the codes. Note that the allocated #S2P- power can be used for /<< channels when there are no .-C>d flows in the cell.
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. .% Ma2imum bit rate of /RT M+C7d flo0 The ma%imum user bit rate of the N/T .-C>d flow used in the resource reser"ation for the .-C>d flow is the smallest of the following "aluesE The ma%imum bit rate based on 3( capability The "alue of management parameter Max.itRate3RTMAC-,low$ The parameter does not limit the ma%imum instantaneous bit rate on the air interface. The "alue of the parameter is compared to the user bit rate of the N/T .-C>d flow e%cluding .-C>hs header! /+C header and padding. The ma%imum bit rate in /-0 parameters. This condition is chec ed only if management parameter HS-PAPea7Rate(imitRA.Max is set to "alue 1 @limitation is acti"eA
The absolute ma%imum user bit rate of the N/T .-C>d flow is ==B0 bps in /-S0?.1. . .* 8S.P+ Priorit= The selected priority of #S2P- determines if N/T 2C#@sA or #S2P- .-C>d flows are primarily targeted for o"erload actions in o"erload situations. The #S2P- priority also determines the criterion used to allocate the first .-C>d flow in the cell. The priority of #S2P- is configurable with the parameter HS-PA2riorit!. *hen HS-PA2riorit! G 1! #S2P- has higher priority than 3RT -CHs$ *hen HS-PA2riorit! G 8! 3RT -CHs have hi)her 2riorit! than HS-PA$ . .*.1 8S.P+ po0er allocation 06en 8S.P+ Priorit= J 1 See 1igure ?B for #SP2- power allocation when HS-PA2riorit! G 1 *HS-PA has hi)her 2riorit! than 3RT -CHs+$
7ode-( , 3 .o$er
Ma3 .o$er
Pt)total +t3Ma3 SD+A +t3?tar"et
Pt)nonH S&PA Pt)NC
+t3?offset? SD+A +t3?tar"et? SD+A
Fi$ure *,3 8SP.+ po0er allocation 06en HSDPApriority J 1 The /NC is allowed to allocate a .-C>d flow when the total non>controllable transmitted power @Pt%NCA in the cell is either e$ual to or below the configurable threshold parameter Ptxtar)etHS-PA @time instant -A.
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P tx 2 NC Ptx 2 t arg et 2 HS"PA

:?uation 7#3 Condition for 8SP.+ po0er allocation 06en HSDPApriority J 1 #S>2SC# is selected and #S2P- power is allocated. *hen #S2P- power is in use! the target for Pt%NC is parameter PtxTar)et! the same as without #S2P-. The target for N/T 2C# power is PtxTar)etHS-PA. The #S2P- transmission power is configured with parameter PtxMaxHS-PA. The /NC measures and a"erages the total transmitted power of all codes that are not used for #S>P2SC# or #S>SCC# transmission @Pt%non#S2P-A in the cell in order to detect o"erload situations. The a"eraging window siIe of the transmitted non>#S2P- power measurement is configured with the parameter 4in(CHS-PA. '"erload control actions are started when the a"eraged Pt%non#S2P- e%ceeds the parameter PtxTar)etHS-PA by a configurable offset parameter Ptx#""setHS-PA @time instant 0A. The /NC primarily targets N/T 2C#s for o"erload actions @downgrading or releaseA. *hen o"erload is detected but there are no more N/T 2C#@sA in the cell! the o"erload actions are targeted to the .-C>d flows @time instant CA. '"erload actions for .-C>d flows are started when the number of the recei"ed Pt%non#S2P- measurements after the release of the last N/T 2C# @due to o"erload in the cellA has reached the full siIe of the a"eraging window 4in(CHS-PA. &n this case! all .-C>d flows in the cell are released. The /NC uses this triggering mechanism of o"erload control actions for N/T radio bearers only when there is at least one .-C>d flow in the cell. -fter time instant C! these triggers no longer trigger o"erload actions! and o"erload actions for N/T 2C#@sA are then performed according to the functionality without #S2P-. . .*.! 8S.P+ po0er allocation 06en 8S.P+ Priorit= J ! See 1igure ?9 for #SP2- power allocation when HS-PA2riorit! G 8 *3RT -CHs have hi)her 2riorit! than HS-PA+$
7ode-( , 3 .o$er
Ma3 .o$er
Pt)total +t3?offset +t3?tar"et +t3Ma3 SD+A +t3?offset? SD+A +t3?tar"et? SD+A Pt)nonH S&PA Pt)NC
Fi$ure * 3 8SP.+ po0er allocation 06en HSDPApriority J !
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The /NC is allowed to allocate a .-C>d flow when the total transmitted carrier power @Pt%TotalA in the cell is either e$ual to or below the configurable target of transmitted non>#S2P- power @parameter PtxTar)etHS-PAA @time instant -A.
P tx 2 tota( Ptx 2 t arg et 2 HS"PA

:?uation 7%3 Condition for 8SP.+ po0er allocation 06en HSDPApriority J ! #S>2SC# is selected and #S2P- power is allocated. *hen #S2P- power is in use! the target for Pt%NC is parameter PtxTar)et! the same as without #S2P-. The target for N/T 2C# power is PtxTar)etHS-PA. The #S2P- transmission power is configured with parameter PtxMaxHS-PA. The /NC measures and a"erages the total transmitted power of all codes that are not used for #S>P2SC# or #S>SCC# transmission @Pt%non#S2P-A in the cell in order to detect o"erload situations. The a"eraging window siIe of the transmitted non>#S2P- power measurement is configured with the parameter 4in(CHS-PA. '"erload control actions are started when the a"eraged Pt%non#S2P- e%ceeds the parameter PtxTar)etHS-PA by a configurable offset parameter Ptx#""setHS-PA @time instant 0A. -ll the .-C>d flows are released. The /NC uses this triggering mechanism of o"erload control actions for N/T radio bearers only when there is at least one .-C>d flow in the cell. -fter time instant 0! these triggers no longer trigger o"erload actions. *hen o"erload is detected but there are no .-C>d flow@sA in the cell! the o"erload actions are targeted to the N/T 2C#@sA @time instant CA. The release or downgrade of the N/T 2C#@sA is not allowed directly after the last .-C>d flow was released due to o"erload in the cell! but they are initiated when the number of the recei"ed Pt%Total measurement reaches the full siIe of the a"eraging window determined by the parameter PSAvera)in)4indowSi;e$
. ., 8S.P+ c6annel t=pe selection The #S2P- channel type selection feature determines the optimal downlin transport channel for the user @1-C#! 2C# or #S>2SC#A.
+S &hannel t/.e sele&tion in do$ nlin'
Sele&tion 2et$ een -AC and DC 5 SDSC Sele&tion 2et$ een DC and S-DSC
Data transfer on -AC
Data transfer on DC
Data transfer on S-DSC
Fi$ure *"3 C6annel t=pe selection sc6eme of pac'et sc6eduler The 3(>specific pac et scheduler @PSA performs the channel selection. The main input for channel selection is the traffic "olume measurement which the .-C layer of the /NC or the 3( performs for each N/T /0. The result of the traffic "olume measurement is handled in the PS as a capacity allocation re$uest @for e%ample! as a re$uest for 2C# or #S>2SC#! which is the rele"ant case hereA.
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. .,.1 Selection bet0een .C8 and 8S7.SC8 #S>2SC# is selected if all of the following conditions are metE Traffic class and traffic handling priority are allowed on #S>2SC#. The operators can configure which traffic classes and traffic handling priorities are allowed with #S2Pwith the HS-SCHQoSclasses parameter. 3( capability supports #S>2SC#. The cell supports #S2P-. #S>2SC# is enabled in the cell. .ulti>/-0 combination of the 3( is supported with #S>2SC#. The only allowed combination is 1 -./ "oice CS /-0 S 1 &nteracti"e:0ac ground class ser"ice PS /-0. This multi>/-0 is supported if operator has enabled the parameter AMR4ithHS-SCH. The number of simultaneous #S>2SC# allocations in the 0TS:cell is below the ma%imum number of #S> 2SC# allocations @1B:cell or 1B:0TS depending on 0TS capability in /-S0?.1A. The 3( is not performing inter>fre$uency or inter>system measurements. The Hsdsch:uardTimerH# and Hsdsch:uardTimer(owThrou)h2ut guard timers are not running. 0oth guard timers are operator>configurable parameters. Hsdsch:uardTimerH# is 3(>specific guard timer is acti"ated after #S>2SC# .-C>d flow release and 2C# 0:0 allocation to pre"ent immediate and recurring #S>2SC# allocations. *hen the timer e%pires! allocation of #S>2SC# is allowed again for that particular 3(. The acti"e set siIe is e$ual to one. Condition is chec ed only if "alue of parameter HS-PAMo9ilit! is disabled. The 3( does not ha"e 2C#s scheduled with bit rates higher than Iero. The #S>2SC# physical layer category is supported. &f there is no e%isting .-C>d flow in the cell! then depending on the HS-PA2riorit! parameter and the transmitted power in the cell @see Section 9.9.?A! #S>2SC# can be selected. &f any of the conditions is not met! 2C# pac et scheduling is initiated.
. .,.! Release of U& /RT .C8 and M+C7d flo0 += starts the procedure to release 3+ N/T 2C# and .-C>d flow ifE
the .-C>d flow has low utiliIation and 3+ N/T 2C# can be released! as specified for other than #S2P->related 3+ N/T 2C# or the .-C>d flow has low throughput and 3+ N/T 2C# can be released! as specified for other than #S2P->related 3+ N/T 2C#. &n this case! the 3(>specific operator>configurable Hsdsch:uardTimer(owThrou)h2ut timer is started.
&f the .-C>d flow has both low utiliIation and low throughput conditions "alid at the same time! the functionality described for low utiliIation is followed. The inacti"ity super"ision in +8 and the inacti"ity timer in += are not used for the N/T .-C>d flow as they are only used for N/T 2C#. . .
8S.P+ Pac'et Sc6eduler
1or #S2P-! the 0TS schedules pac et data transmission instead of the /NC @see 1igure ?<A in order to enable fast pac et scheduling @e"ery TT& of 8 msA based on instantaneous radio conditions.
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Fi$ure *13 8S.P+ Pac'et Sc6eduler The #S2P- Proportional 1air /esource @P1/A Pac et Scheduler uses the radio channel state information from the 3(s in its scheduling decisions. The P1/ principle is to select among the acti"e #S2P- users the one that ma%imiIes the /&C6 @/elati"e &nstantaneous Channel 6uality ie. ratio of instantaneous throughput to a"erage throughputA for scheduling in the following 8ms TT&. This algorithm pro"ides a large multi>user di"ersity gain and impro"ed #S2P- cell throughput for low to medium 3( speeds! depending on the en"ironment and the number of users in the cell. The Proportional 1air /esource scheduler is a"ailable in /-S0?.1 with a license! otherwise the generic /ound /obin scheduler is used which schedules #S2P- users in se$uential order! i.e. the 3( in front of scheduling $ueue is scheduled! then mo"ed to bac of the $ueue which achie"es a resource>fair #S2P- cell throughput as each 3( gets the same amount of resources. . ." 8S.P+ associated uplin' .PC8 sc6edulin$ This scheduling feature pro"ides dynamic data rate selection to the uplin return channel for efficient usage of radio and &ub>transport resources. To use #S>2SC# as a downlin transport channel! an #S2P->associated uplin 2C# return channel is needed. Supported data rates for a return channel are B4! 18; and =;4 bit:s. The /NC determines the initial bit rate to be used in the uplin return channel from the measured traffic "olume and the configured initial bit rate. &f the #S>2SC# allocation is triggered by downlin ! the /NC attempts to allocate the uplin with the HS-PAinitial.itrateU( parameter. &f scheduling of the #S2P- associated 3+ 2C# @return channelA is unsuccessful! that is! not e"en initial bit rate can be allocated! #S>2SC# allocation is not possible either! but 2+:3+ 2C# is scheduled to the 3(. The following e%isting functionalities can be applied to the #S2P->associated 3+ 2C#E Priority>based scheduling and o"erload control 2ecrease of the retried N/T 2C# bit rate /T>o"er>N/T Throughput>based optimisation 3pgrade of N/T 2C# 2ata /ate
The management parameter -!nUsa)eHS-PAReturnChannel determines whether or not the features Throughput>based 'ptimisation and 1le%ible 3pgrade of N/T 2C# 2ata /ate are applied to #S2P- return
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channel. . .1 8S.P+ 0it6 additional R+B initiation The multi>/-0 combination W-./ S &nteracti"e:0ac ground PS /-0L is supported simultaneously with the #S> 2SC# transport channel. The operator can enable the support of this combination by enabling the AMR4ithHS-SCH parameter. &f the parameter is set to 2isabled! the #S2P- is suspended for the duration of the multi>call. The following /-0 combinations supported by /-S0?.1 are not supported with #S2P-E 8T &nteracti"e:0ac ground PS /-0 =T &nteracti"e:0ac ground PS /-0 Streaming PS /-0 S &nteracti"e:0ac ground PS /-0 Con"ersational:Streaming CS data /-0 S &nteracti"e:0ac ground PS /-0
. .1@
.C8 to 8S7.SC8 c6annel t=pe s0itc6in$
2C# to #S>2SC# channel type switching is a functionality that switches a PS interacti"e:bac ground radio bearer from 2C# to #S>2SC#. This functionality is implemented with the optional #S2P- resumption timer feature @see Section 9.9.11A. Note that channel type switching does not mean #S>2SC# @reAselection! for e%ample during //C state transitions. . .11
8S.P+ resumption timer
#S2P- resumption timer is a feature which switches the channel type from 2C# to #S>2SC# if #S>2SC# has been possible for a predefined time for the 3( in $uestion. This feature is useful in situations li e when the /adio 0earer setup is originally made in a cell with no #S2P- capacity or capability or when there ha"e been soft:softer hando"ers and the #S2P- mobility features with #S2P- Ser"ing Cell Change ha"e not been acti"ated. That time is set on the /NC le"el with /NP parameter HS-PAResum2tionTimer. -ll the following conditions must be fulfilled before the resumption timer switch is startedE The feature is acti"ated with /NP parameter HS-PAResum2tionTimer 3( has just one interacti"e:bac ground PS /-0 @no multi>/-0A /adio bearer is mapped to the 2C# with a bit rate other than 0:0 3( and at least one cell in acti"e set are #S2P- capable -cti"e set siIe is 1 when the HS-PAMo9ilit! parameter is disabled &nternal #S2P- resumption pre"ention timer is not running
&f all conditions are not fulfilled! the timer is stopped and no attempt to switch the channel type is made. The timer is restarted when the conditions are fulfilled again. &f the acti"e set siIe is 1 and the timer e%pires @the conditions are fulfilled for the whole timeA! the switch is started. &f the acti"e set siIe is bigger than 1 and the timer e%pires! the switch is only started if the #S2P- capable cell can be selected for the ser"ing #S>2SC# cell. The #S2P- capable cell can be selected if the measured CP&C#
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(c:No of that cell e$uals to or is bigger than the CP&C# (c:No of the best cell in the acti"e set decreased by the HS-PAServCell4indow /NP parameter "alue$ &t is possible that the switch cannot be done or it does not succeed. This can happen! for e%ample if the ma%imum number of #S2P- users is e%ceeded in the cell. &n that case! the system starts the internal #S2P- resumption pre"ention timer to pre"ent too fast retry for the switch. This pre"ention timer has "alue ? s after the first try! 10 s after the second try! and 1? s after that. The successful channel type switch contains the following phasesE 1. 2C# resources are released in /NC > 0efore the release! the system chec s that the #S>2SC# can be allocated in the cell @the ma%imum number of #S2P- users and #S2P- power are chec edA 8. /adio bearer is mapped to 2C# 0:0 @the radio bearer and the radio lin are reconfiguredA =. Capacity re$uest is recei"ed 4. Normal channel type selection is made and it gi"es the #S>2SC# ?. #S>2SC# channel is ta en in use @the radio bearer and the radio lin are reconfiguredA . .1! 8S.P+ mobilit= 6andlin$ There are two methods a"ailable to handle the #S2P- mobilityE #S2P- mobility handling with the ser"ing #S>2SC# cell change #S2P- cell reselection and #S2P- mobility handling with 2C# switching The method is set with the management parameter HS-PAMo9ilit!. @Changing the parameter "alue does not affect e%isting //C connections. The new "alue is used for new //C connections only.A . .1# 8S.P+ mobilit= 6andlin$ 0it6 t6e Ser4in$ 8S7.SC8 Cell C6an$e This feature can be acti"ated by enabling the HS-PAMo9ilit! parameter. &t pro"ides intra>fre$uency mobility for #S2P- and pro"ides better performance since the best a"ailable radio condition from the acti"e set is used for #S>2SC#. *hile #S>2SC# transport channel can ne"er be in soft hando"er! this feature allows the ser"ing cell used for #S>2SC# to be changed to the best cell as the 3( mo"es through a soft hando"er co"erage area. The HS-PAMo9ilit! parameter also enables the soft:softer hando"er of the associated 2PC# feature @that is! the signalling lin and 3+ 2C# return channel of the #S2P- data call can be in soft:softer hando"erA. The ser"ing #S>2SC# cell change is a networ controlled synchronous procedure @transmission and reception of #S>2SC# are stopped and started at the time instant gi"en by the /NCA. The /NC bases the target cell selection on the periodically reported measurements from 3( @intra>fre$uency CP&C# (c:NoA and the 0TS @dedicated 3+ S&/errorA. &f there is no suitable target cell when the CP&C# (c:No triggers the ser"ing #S>2SC# cell change! the current cell is ept. &f there is no suitable target cell when any other trigger initiates the ser"ing #S>2SC# cell change! the #S>2SC# .-C>d flow is released and the /0 is mapped to 2C# 0:0. The ser"ing #S>2SC# cell change can either be &ntra>Node 0 or &nter>Node 0. &f the 3( is mo"ing to a cell without #S2P- support! an #S>2SC# to 2C# switch is performed. . .1% 8S.P+ cell reselection Setting the parameter HS-PAMo9ilit! to disabled acti"ates the #S2P- cell reselection and mobility handling with 2C# switching. #S2P- cell reselection applies transition to the C(++C1-C# state! triggered by the measurement e"ent 1-! when 3( enters soft hando"er co"erage area. #S2P- mobility handling with 2C# switching applies 2C# 0:0 allocation based on the measurement e"ents 11 and B-. -lso! 3+ 2C# $uality deterioration report can be used to control #S2P- mobility. -dditionally! in the case of an -./ multi>ser"ice! 2+ Transmitted Code Power
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measurement is used as a trigger to initiate inter>fre$uency measurements. #S>2SC# .-C>d flow is released before transition to the C(++C1-C# state or allocation of 2C# 0:0 bps.
Ser!i&e in SD+A
S$ it&h to C ell?-AC $ ithin the S 9 area
Ser!i&e in SD+A
C ell A $S-%SC $ coverage
C ell ( $S-%SC $ coverage
#E is &ommanded to C ell B in &onHun&tion $ ith the transition to C ell?-AC state6 #E is transferred from C ell?-AC to S-DSC 2ased on data !olume6
Fi$ure ,@3 Mobilit= 6andlin$ as t6e U: mo4es from cell to cell 1igure B0 displays the principle of mobility handling with #S2P- cell reselectionE &ntra>fre$uency mobility for the #S2P- users is implemented "ia C(++C1-C# //C state @#S2P- cell reselectionA. 0ased on the intra>fre$uency CP&C# (c:No measurement reports @("ent 1-A from 3(! /NC decides to transfer the 3( to the C(++C1-C# state when 3( enters S#' co"erage area. #S>2SC# .-C>d flow is released and 3( is transferred to the C(++C1-C# state in the target cell @Cell 0A. 2irection to the target cell can be performed under ser"ing /NC. The target cell corresponds to the cell which initiated the measurement e"ent 1-. Therefore! 3( does not need to e%ecute the Cell 3pdate procedure and #S> 2SC# can be reallocated immediately based on the data "olume in accordance with the channel type selection procedure. . .1* .irected RRC connection setup for 8S.P+ la=er The directed //C connection setup for #S2P- layer feature is useful in two layer networ s where #S2P- is supported in one layer @carrier fre$uencyA! because this feature directs the 3(s that support #S2P- to the cell that supports #S2P- while non>#S2P- 3(s are directed away from the #S2P- layer. See 1igure B1.
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Fi$ure ,13 .irected RRC connection setup for 8S.P+ la=er The signalling flow of this feature @see 1igure B8A is similar to the 2irected //C connection setup feature @see Section 9.B.11A. 0oth features re$uire that the cells in"ol"ed belong to the same sector of the 0TS @the parameter Sector &denti"ier *Sector&-+ uni$uely identifies the sector of the 0TS a cell belongs toA. *hen the 3( initiates the //C connection setup! it indicates the =5PP release it supports @e%. /el<<! /el>4! /el>?A. -ccording to that information! the /NC directs the 3( to the other cell @layerA within the same sector if the 3(Ls =5PP release is not appropriate for the current cell! or the //C connection is established in the current cell if the 3(Ls =5PP release is appropriate for the current cell.
Fi$ure ,!3 Si$nallin$ of directed RRC connection setup for 8S.P+ la=er The usage of this feature is controlled with the cell>le"el parameter -irectedRRCEna9led. Note that the 2irected //C connection setup feature @see Section 9.B.11A cannot be used simultaneously in the same cell with the 2irected //C connection setup for #S2P- layer feature. *hen this feature is enabled! the ma%imum number of cells @layersA in one sector of the 0TS that can be configured is two. &f a three>layer networ is used! one of the 2C# layers @not supporting #S2P-A has to ha"e a different Sector&- in the 0TS than the layers @2C# layer and #S2P- layerA where the feature has been enabled.
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. .1, Mana$ement Parameters for 8S.P+ RRM These management parameters are described in more detail in -nne% 1E 4C-MA RAS50$6 Parameter -ictionar!. Please refer to Section ;.1.B for the recommended "alues of the main #S2P- power parameters. . .1,.1 Aeneral parameters
Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE /angeE 2efaultE 'bjectE
#S2P- enabled #S2P-enabled 0 @2isabledA! 1 @(nabledA 0 *C(+
Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE /angeE 2efaultE 'bjectE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE /angeE 2efaultE 'bjectE Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE /angeE 2efaultE 'bjectE
.a%imum bit rate of N/T .-C>d flow .a%0it/ateN/T.-C21low B4! 18;! 8?B! =;4!?18! Y ! 140;0P step 18; bps =4?B bps /NC #S2P- pea rate limitation to the /-0 ma%imum #S2P-Pea /ate+imit/-0.a% 0 @No limitationA! 1 @+imitation is acti"eA 1 /NC #S2P- /esumption Timer #S2P-/esumptionTimer 0Y=0 s! step 1 s 8?? @resumption timer is not in useA /NC
. .1,.! Parameters for controllin$ mobilit=
Ser"ing #S>2SC# cell change and S#' on:off switch #S2P-.obility 0 @disabledA! 1 @enabledA 1 /NC
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#S2P- 1.CS identifier #S2P-1mcs&dentifier 1 Y 100! step 1 Not applicable *C(+
#S2P- 1.C& identifier #S2P-1mci&dentifier 1 Y 100! step 1 Not applicable *C(+
#S2P- 1.C5 identifier #S2P-1mcg&dentifier 1 Y 100! step 1 Not applicable *C(+
#S2P- #'PS identifier #S2P-#ops&dentifier 1 Y 100! step 1 Not applicable -2FS
#S2P- #'P& identifier #S2P-#opi&dentifier 1 Y 100! step 1 Not applicable -2FS
#S2P- #'P5 identifier #S2P-#opg&dentifier 1 Y 100! step 1 Not applicable -2FS
Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE /angeE 2efaultE
#S2P- 1.CS identifier for -./ multi> ser"ice /T*ith#S2P-1mcs&dentifier 1 Y 100! step 1 Not applicable
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Parameter nameE 'bjectE
#S2P- 1.CS identifier for -./ multi> ser"ice *C(+
#S2P- 1.C& identifier for -./ multi> ser"ice /T*ith#S2P-1mci&dentifier 1 Y 100! step 1 Not applicable *C(+
#S2P- 1.C5 identifier for -./ multi> ser"ice /T*ith#S2P-1mcg&dentifier 1 Y 100! step 1 Not applicable *C(+
#S2P- #'PS identifier for -./ multi> ser"ice /T*ith#S2P-#ops&dentifier 1 Y 100! step 1 Not applicable -2FS
#S>2SC# guard time after channel type switching due to #' reasons #sdsch5uardTimer#' 0 Y =0 s! step 1 s ?s /NC
S#' prohibition after //C connection setup for #S2P- capable 3( #S2P-//Cdi"ersity 0 @S#' not allowedA! 1 @S#' allowedA 1 /NC
Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE
/eporting period of the CP&C# (c:No measurement #S2P-CP&C#/eportPeriod
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Parameter nameE /angeE 2efaultE 'bjectE
/eporting period of the CP&C# (c:No measurement 0 @8?0 msA! 1 @?00 msA! 8 @1000 msA! = @8000 msA! 4 @=000 msA! ? @4000 msA! B @B000 msA! 9 @;000 msA! ; @18000 msA 1 /NC
-"eraging window of the CP&C# (c:No measurement. #S2P-CP&C#-"e*indow 1 Y 10! step 1 = /NC
CP&C# (c:No threshold for ser"ing #S> 2SC# cell change. #S2P-CP&C#(cNoThreshold > 80 Y 0 d0! step 0.? d0 > ? d0 /NC
*indow between the best cell and the ser"ing #S>2SC# cell in acti"e set. #S2P-Ser"Cell*indow 0 Y B d0! step 0.? d0 8 d0 /NC
.inimum inter"al between ser"ing #S> 2SC# cell changes. #S2P-CellChange.in&nter"al 0 Y 10 s! step 1 s =s /NC
/eporting period of the S&/error measurement. #S2P-S&/(rror/eportPeriod 0 Y 10 s! step 0.? s 0.? s /NC
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#igher layer filtering coefficient of the S&/error measurement. #S2P-S&/(rror1ilterCoefficient 0 @100 ZA! 1 @91 ZA! 8 @?0 ZA! = @=? ZA! 4 @8? ZA! ? @1; ZA! B @1= ZA! 9 @< ZA! ; @B ZA! < @4 ZA! 11 @8 ZA ? /NC
-"eraging window of the S&/error measurement. #S2P-S&/(rror-"e*indow 1 Y 10! step 1 = /NC
S&/error threshold for the target cell #S2P-S&/(rrorTargetCell > 10 Y 0 d0! step 0.? d0 > 8 d0 /NC
S&/error threshold for the ser"ing #S> 2SC# cell #S2P-S&/(rrorSer"Cell > 10 Y 0 d0! step 0.? d0 > = d0 /NC
.a%imum number of repetiti"e ser"ing #S> 2SC# cell changes. #S2P-.a%CellChange/epetition 0 Y 1B! step 1 4 /NC
Parameter nameE
-bbre"iated nameE /angeE 2efaultE 'bjectE
*indow for calculation of ma%imum number of repetiti"e ser"ing #S>2SC# cell changes. #S2P-CellChange/epetitionTime 0 Y B0 s! step 1 s 10 s /NC
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. .1,.# Parameter for enablin$ t6e +MR ser4ice 0it6 8S7.SC8
3sage of -./ ser"ice with #S>2SC# -./*ith#S2SC# 0 @2isabledA! 1 @(nabledA 1 /NC
. .1,.% Parameters for allocatin$ po0er
Target for transmitted non>#S2P- power Pt%Target#S2P>10 Y ?0 d0m! step 0.1 d0m =;.? d0m *C(+
.a%imum allowed #S2P- power Pt%.a%#S2P0 Y ?0 d0m! step 0.1 d0m =9.; d0m *C(+
#S2P- priority #S2P-Priority 1 @#S2P- priority 1A! 8 @#S2P- priority 8A 1 /NC
Pt%non#S2P- a"eraging window siIe for +C *in+C#S2P0 Y 80! step 1 ? *0TS
'ffset for transmitted non>#S2P- power Pt%'ffset#S2P0 Y B d0! step 0.1 d0 0.; d0 *C(+
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. .1,.* Parameters for measurin$ t6e t6rou$6put of M+C7d flo0
+ow utiliIation threshold of the .-C>d flow .-Cdflowutil/elThr 0 Y B4000 bps! step 8?B bps 8?B bps /NC
*indow siIe of the .-C>d flow throughput measurement .-Cdflowthroughput-"e*in 0 Y 10 s! step 0.? s =s /NC
+ow throughput threshold of the .-C>d flow .-Cdflowthroughput/elThr 0 Y B4000 bps! step 8?B bps 0 bps /NC
+ow utiliIation time to trigger of the .-C>d flow .-CdflowutilTimetoTrigger 0 Y =00 s! step 0.8 s 0s /NC
+ow throughput time to trigger of the .-C> d flow .-CdflowthroughputTimetoTrigger 0 Y =00 s! step 0.8 s ?s /NC
Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE /angeE 2efaultE
#S>2SC# guard timer due to low throughput #sdsch5uardTimer+owThroughput 0 Y 840 s! step 1 s =0 s
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Parameter nameE 'bjectE
#S>2SC# guard timer due to low throughput /NC
Parameter nameE -bbre"iated nameE /angeE
2efaultE 'bjectE
#S>2SC# 6oS classes #S2SC#6oSclasses 0it 0E 0ac ground 0it 1E &nteracti"e T#PG= 0it 8E &nteracti"e T#PG8 0it =E &nteracti"e T#PG10 1? /NC
. .1,., Ot6er parameters
.inimum allowed bit rate in uplin for #S2P- associated 3+ 2C# #S2P-min-llowed0itrate3+ = @B4 bpsA! 4 @18; bpsA! B @=;4 bpsA = /NC
&nitial bit rate in uplin for #S2Passociated 3+ 2C# #S2P-initial0itrate3+ = @B4 bpsA! 4 @18; bpsA! B @=;4 bpsA = /NC
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" -C.M+ Radio /et0or' Parameters

*C2.- /adio Networ Parameters play an important part in configuring a radio networ during planning and optimiIation. Please refer to -nne% 1E 4C-MA RAS50$6 Parameter -ictionar! for detailed descriptions of the *C2.- /adio Networ parameters including default recommended "alues. Please refer to 1igure B= for the structure of the /NC parameter object classes.
WA7E WSD
%7C
WLC SE WSMLC
C9C9
W(, S
9+D 9+0 9+S
-MCS -MC0 -MCD

WCE L
ADJS ADJ0 ADJD
Fi$ure ,#3 Structure of t6e R/C Parameter ObHect Classes /NC G /adio Networ Controller le"el *0TS G *C2.- 0ase Station le"el *C(+ G *C2.- Cell le"el -2FS G &ntra>fre$uency -djacency -2F& G &nter>fre$uency -djacency -2F5 G &nter>system -djacency #'PS G &ntra>fre$uency #ando"er Path #'P& G &nter>fre$uency #ando"er Path #'P5 G &nter>system #ando"er Path 1.CS G &ntra>fre$uency 1re$uency .easurement Control 1.C& G &nter>fre$uency 1re$uency .easurement Control 1.C5 G &nter>system 1re$uency .easurement Control C'C' G /adio Networ Connection Configuration *-N( G *C2.- -uthoriIed Networ *S5 G *C2.- Subscriber 5roup *+CS( G *C2.- +ocation Ser"ice (ntity *S.+C G *C2.- Ser"ing .obile +ocation Center
".1 Main Recommended Parameters

The following sections show the recommended "alues for some main parameters for downlin common channel power! cell reselection! soft:softer hando"er! inter>system hando"er! admission control! load control and #S2Ppower.
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".1.1
.o0nlin' Common C6annel Po0er Parameters

Table 13 .o0nlin' Common P6=sical C6annel Po0er Parameters
Parameter /ame Pt%PrimaryCP&C# Pt%PrimarySC# Pt%SecSC# Pt%PrimaryCCPC# Pt%SCCPC#1 Pt%SCCPC#8 Pt%SCCPC#= Pt%-&C# Pt%P&C# ObHect *C(+ *C(+ *C(+ *C(+ *C(+ *C(+ *C(+ *C(+ *C(+ Recommended Balue == d0m @with 0TS ma% power of 4= d0mA =B d0m @with 0TS ma% power of 4B d0mA >= d0 >= d0 >? d0 0 d0 >? d0 >8 d0 > ; d0 >; d0
".1.!
Recommended Cell Reselection Parameters

Table 1@3 Recommended Cell Reselection Parameters (0it6out 8CS)
Parameter /ame Sintrasearch Sintersearch SsearchC/-T 6$ual.in 6r%le".in -djs6$ual.in -djs6r%le".in -dji6$ual.in -dji6r%le".in -djg6r%le".in 6hyst1 6hyst8 ObHect Recommended Balue *C(+ 10 d0 *C(+ B d0 *C(+ 4 d0 *C(+ >80 d0 *C(+ >11? d0m #'PS >80 d0 #'PS >11? d0m #'P& >80 d0 #'P& >11? d0m #'P5 >10? d0m *C(+ 8 d0 *C(+ 8 d0
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".1.#
Main Recommended Soft and Softer 8ando4er Parameters

Table 113 Main Recommended Soft and Softer 8ando4er Parameters
Parameter /ame .a%-cti"eSetSiIe -cti"eSet*eightingCoefficient -ddition/eporting&nter"al -dditionTime -ddition*indow 2ropTime 2rop*indow /eplacement/eporting&nter"al /eplacementTime /eplacement*indow (nable&nter/NCsho /elocationSupport ObHect Recommended Balue 1.CS = 1.CS 0 1.CS 8 @0.? sA 1.CS B @100 msA 1.CS 8.? d0 @3rbanA 4.0 d0 @/uralA 1.CS 18 @B40 msA 1.CS 4.0 d0 @3rbanA B.0 d0 @/uralA 1.CS 8 @0.? sA 1.CS B @100 msA 1.CS 8 d0 #'PS 1 @4esA /NC 1 @SupportedA
".1.%
Main Recommended Inter7S=stem 8ando4er Parameters

Table 1!3 Main Recommended Inter7S=stem 8ando4er Parameters
Parameter /ame 5S.causeCP&C#(cNo 5S.causeCP&C#rscp 5S.causeT%Pwr2+ 5S.causeT%Pwr3+ 5S.cause3plin 6uality ##o(cNoThreshold ##o(cNoCancel ##o/scpThreshold ##o/scpCancel -djg/%+e".in#' -djgT%Pwr.a%TC# 5sm.a%.easPeriod 5sm.eas-"e*indow 5sm.eas/ep&nter"al 5sm.in#o&nter"al 5sm.in.eas&nter"al 5smNcellSearchPeriod ObHect 1.C5 1.C5 1.C5 1.C5 1.C5 1.CS 1.CS 1.CS 1.CS #'P5 -2F5 1.C5 1.C5 1.C5 1.C5 1.C5 1.C5 Recommended Balue 1 @(nabledA 1 @(nabledA 2epending on strategy 2epending on strategy 2epending on strategy >18 d0 >< d0 >10? d0m >108 d0m ><? d0m =0 d0m B B 8 @0.? sA 10 s 8s 4
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".1.*
Main Recommended +C and &C Parameters

Table 1#3 Main Recommended +C and &C Parameters
Parameter /ame Pr%Target Pr%'ffset Pr%Noise Pr%Noise-utotuning Pt%Target Pt%'ffset Pt%2PC#ma% Pt%2PC#min Pt%2+-bs.a% *in-C/-0setup3+ *in-C/-0setup2+ //&ndPeriod Pr%Total/eportPeriod Pr%Total/eportPeriod ObHect *C(+ *C(+ *C(+ *C(+ *C(+ *C(+ *0TS *0TS *C(+ *0TS *0TS *0TS *C(+ *C(+ Recommended Balue 4 d0 1 d0 >101.< d0m 1 @'nA 40 d0m @with ma% 0TS power of 4= d0mA 4= d0m @with ma% 0TS power of 4B d0mA 1 d0 >= d0 >8; d0 =9 d0m =? d0m @if strategy includes /<< =;4 bpsA ? ? 800 ms 800 ms 800 ms
".1.,
Recommended 8S.P+ Po0er Parameters

Table 1%3 Recommended 8S.P+ Po0er Parameters for S6ared 8S.P+C.C8 carrier9 !@Parameter /ame #S2P-Priority Pt%.a%#S2PPt%Target#S2PPt%'ffset#S2PObHect Recommended Balue /NC 8 *C(+ =9.; d0m @or lessA *C(+ =< d0m *C(+ 1 d0
Table 1*3 Recommended 8S.P+ Po0er Parameters for .edicated 8S.P+ la=er9 !@Parameter /ame #S2P-Priority Pt%.a%#S2PPt%Target#S2PPt%'ffset#S2PObHect Recommended Balue /NC 1 *C(+ =<.? d0m *C(+ =; d0m *C(+ 1 d0
Table 1,3 Recommended 8S.P+ Po0er Parameters for S6ared 8S.P+C.C8 carrier9 %@Parameter /ame #S2P-Priority Pt%.a%#S2PPt%Target#S2PPt%'ffset#S2PObHect Recommended Balue /NC 8 *C(+ =<.? d0m *C(+ 41.? d0m *C(+ 8 d0
1=4 of 140
1 +nne2 13 +bbre4iations
85 =5 =5PP --+8 --+? -C -C, -2F5 -2F& -2FS ->5PS -& -&C# -. -./ -NS& -/6 -S -T. 0CC# 0C# 0(/ 0+(/ 0.C 0S 0SC 0S&C 0SS 0TS C:& C0/ CC CCC# CC# CCPC# CCTrC# C2.C1N C& C. C. CN C'C' CP&C# C6& C/C C/NC CS CTC# d0 d0i d0m 2CC# 8nd 5eneration =rd 5eneration =rd 5eneration Partnership Project -T. -daptation +ayer Type 8 -T. -daptation +ayer Type ? -dmission Control -c nowledgement &nter>system -djacency &nter>fre$uency -djacency &ntra>fre$uency -djacency -ssisted 5lobal Positioning System -c$uisition &ndicator -c$uisition &ndicator Channel -c nowledged /+C mode -dapti"e .ulti /ate -merican National Standards &nstitute -utomatic /epeat /e$uest -ccess Stratum -synchronous Transfer .ode 0roadcast Control Channel 0roadcast Channel 0it (rror /ate 0loc (rror /ate 0roadcast:.ulticast Control 0ase Station 0ase Station Controller 0ase Station &dentity Code 0ase Station Subsystem 0ase Transcei"er Station Carrier>to>&nterference ratio Constant 0it /ate Call Control Common Control Channel Common Channel Common Control Physical Channel Coded Composite Transport Channel Code 2i"ision .ultiple -ccess Connection 1rame Number Cell &dentity Connection .anagement Compressed .ode Core Networ Connection Configuration Common Pilot Channel Channel 6uality &ndicator Cyclic /edundancy Chec Controlling /adio Networ Controller Circuit Switched Common Traffic Channel decibel decibel relati"e to isotropic decibel relati"e to one milliwatt 2edicated Control Channel
1=? of 140
2C# 2+ 2PCC# 2PC# 2P2C# 2/NC 2/NS 2//C 2/D 2TC# 2y+o (b:No (c:No (. (.&S#' (TS& 1-C# 122 12.1SC 1. 1.C5 1.C& 1.CS 1N 1P 1TP 5(/-N 55SN 5.+C 5.. 5.SC 5.S, 5n interface 5p interface 5P/S 5S. #-/6 #C #CS ##' #+/ #' #'P5 #'P& #'PS #P+.N #S2P#S>2SC# #S>2PCC# #S>P2SC# #S>SCC# #S3P#* &( i(.&S#'
2edicated Channel 2ownlin 2edicated Physical Control Channel 2edicated Physical Channel 2edicated Physical 2ata Channel 2rift /adio Networ Controller 2rift /adio Networ Subsystem 2irected //C Connection Setup 2iscontinuous /eception 2edicated Traffic Channel 2ynamic +in 'ptimiIation 0it energy to noise spectral density ratio Chip energy to noise spectral density ratio (lement .anager 2irected (mergency Call &nter>System #ando"er (uropean Telecommunications Standards &nstitute 1orward -ccess Channel 1re$uency 2i"ision 2uple% 1re$uency 2i"ision .ultiple -ccess 1eederless Site Configuration 1ault .anagement &nter>system .easurement Control &nter>fre$uency .easurement Control &ntra>fre$uency .easurement Control 1rame Number 1rame Protocol 1ile Transfer Protocol 5S. (25( /adio -ccess Networ 5ateway 5P/S Support Node 5ateway .obile +ocation Centre 5P/S .obility .anagement 5ateway .SC 5aussian .inimum Shift ,eying &nterface between 5P/S Support Nodes @5SNsA within a P+.N &nterface between 5P/S Support Nodes @5SNsA in different P+.Ns 5eneral Pac et /adio Ser"ice 5lobal System for .obile Communications #ybrid -utomatic /epeat re6uest #ando"er Control #ierarchical Cell Structure #ard #ando"er #ome +ocation /egister #ando"er &nter>system #ando"er Path &nter>fre$uency #ando"er Path &ntra>fre$uency #ando"er Path #ome Public +and .obile Networ #igh Speed 2ownlin Pac et -ccess #igh Speed 2ownlin Shared Channel #igh>Speed 2edicated Physical Control Channel #igh>Speed Physical 2ownlin Shared Channel #igh Speed Shared Control Channel #igh Speed 3plin Pac et -ccess #ardware &nformation (lement &ntelligent 2irected (mergency Call &nter>System #ando"er
1=B of 140
&1#' &.(& &.S& &P &S#' &T3 &u &u 3P &ub &ub &ur bps +1 +8 += +++-C +-& +-N +-3 +C +CS +.3 +P+.N .-C .-C>d .-C>hs .-C>sh .CC .bps .2C .(#' .5* .#.&0 .+C .. .NC .' .'#' ./C .S .SC .S&S2N .T .)N' N-C, N-S N0-P N( N(#' Node>0 N/T NT 'O.
&nter>fre$uency #ando"er &nternational .obile ($uipment &dentity &nternational .obile Subscriber &dentity &nternet Protocol &nter>system #ando"er &nternational Telecommunication 3nion &nterface between /NC and Core Networ &u 3ser Plane &nterface between /NC and 0TS &nterface between 0TS and /NC &nterface between two /NCs ilobits per second +ayer 1 @physical layerA +ayer 8 @data lin layerA +ayer = @networ layerA +in -daptation +ocation -rea +ocation -rea Code +ocation -rea &dentity +ocal -rea Networ +ocation -rea 3pdate +oad Control +ocation Ser"ices +ocation .easurement 3nit +ocal P+.N .edium -ccess Control .edium -ccess Control>dedicated .edium -ccess Control>high speed .edium -ccess Control>shared .obile Country Code .ega bits per second .acro 2i"ersity Combining .obile ("aluated #ando"er .edia 5ateway .asthead -mplifier .aster &nformation 0loc .obile +ocation Center .obility .anagement .obile Networ Code .obile 'riginated .obile 'riginated #ando"er .a%imum /atio Combining .obile Station .obile Switching Center .obile Subscriber &S2N Number .obile Termination .obile )irtual Networ 'perator Negati"e -c nowledgement Non>-ccess Stratum Node 0 -pplication Part Networ (lement Networ ("aluated #ando"er =5PP term for 0TS Non>/eal Time Non>Transparent 'perations O .aintenance
1=9 of 140
'+PC PC PCC# P>CCPC# PC# P>CP&C# P>SC# P2CP P23 P#4 P& P&C# P+.N P. PN P/-C# PS PS PSTN 6( 6oS 6-. 6PS, /<< //-0 /-C /-C# /-& /-N /-N-P /-N04 /-N1.? /-S /-S0? /-S0?.1 /-T /-3 /0 /0(/ /CP. /el<< /el4 /el? /1 /&C6 /+ /+C /. /NC /NP /NS /NS-P /NT& /N* /P+.N
'uter +oop Power Control Power Control Paging Control Channel Primary Common Control Physical Channel Paging Channel Primary Common Pilot Channel Primary Synchronisation Channel Pac et 2ata Con"ergence Protocol Protocol 2ata 3nit Physical layer Page &ndicator Page &ndicator Channel Public +and .obile Networ Performance .anagement Pseudo Noise Physical /andom -ccess Channel Pac et Switched Pac et Scheduler Public Switched Telephone Networ 6uality (stimate 6uality of Ser"ice 6uadrature -mplitude .odulation 6uadrature Phase Shift ,eying =5PP /elease 1<<< /outing -rea /adio -ccess 0earer /outing -rea Code /andom -ccess Channel /outing -rea &dentity /adio -ccess Networ /adio -ccess Networ -pplication Part No ia *C2.- /-N /elease 04 No ia *C2.- /-N /elease 1.? /adio -ccess System No ia *C2.- /-S /elease 0? No ia *C2.- /-S /elease 0?.1 /adio -ccess Technology /outing -rea 3pdate /adio 0earer /esidual 0it (rror /atio /adio Connection Performance .easurements =5PP /elease 1<<< =5PP /elease 4 =5PP /elease ? /adio 1re$uency /elati"e &nstantaneous Channel 6uality /adio +in /adio +in Control /esource .anager /adio Networ Controller /adio Networ Planning /adio Networ Subsystem /adio Networ Subsystem -pplication Part /adio Networ Temporary &dentity /adio Networ /egistered Public +and .obile Networ
1=; of 140
//C //& //. /SCP /SS& /T /TT /D /D+() /D63-+ SS-C S-& S>CCPC# S>CP&C# S>SC# SC# S23 S1 S1N S5SN S#' S&. S&/ S+#' S.+C SN&/ SN/ S/0 S/NC S/NS SS SS9 S* T T0 T0S TC# TCP T22 T2.T( T1 T1C T1C& T1CS T1& T1' T1S T. T.S& TPC TrC# Tr1' T/D TT&
/adio /esource Control /adio /esource &ndication /adio /esource .anagement /ecei"ed Signal Code Power /ecei"ed Signal Strength &ndicator /eal Time /ound Trip Time /ecei"e /ecei"ed Signal +e"el /ecei"ed Signal 6uality Ser"ice -rea Ser"ice -rea Code Ser"ice -rea &dentifier Secondary Common Control Physical Channel Secondary Common Pilot Channel Secondary Synchronisation Channel Synchronisation Channel Ser"ice 2ata 3nit Spreading 1actor System 1rame Number Ser"ing 5P/S Support Node Soft #ando"er 5S. Subscriber &dentity .odule Signal>to>&nterference /atio Ser"ice and +oad 0ased #ando"er Ser"ing .obile +ocation Center Signal to Noise &nterference /atio Signal to Noise /atio Signalling /adio 0earer Ser"ing /adio Networ Controller Ser"ing /adio Networ Subsystem Supplementary Ser"ice Signalling System No. 9 Software Transparent Transport 0loc Transport 0loc Set Traffic Channel Transmission Control Protocol Time 2i"ision 2uple% Time 2i"ision .ultiple -ccess Terminal ($uipment Transport 1ormat Transport 1ormat Combination Transport>1ormat Combination &ndicator Transport 1ormat Combination Set Transport 1ormat &ndicator Tandem 1ree 'peration Transport 1ormat Set Transparent /+C mode Temporary .obile Subscriber &dentity Transmit Power Control Transport Channel Transcoder 1ree 'peration Transcei"er Transmission Time &nter"al
1=< of 140
TD 3-/1CN 30/ 32P 3( 3+ 3. 3.TS 3/3S&. 3T/3T/-N 3u )0/ )C )CC )+/ ).SC )P+.N )PN *-N( *0>-./ *0TS P *C2.C e o n *C(+ : m al *+CS( s pr ty m e Ct *S5 M ss i *S.+C in e m
H d e
Transmit 3T/-N -bsolute /adio 1re$uency Channel Number 3nspecified 0it /ate 3ser 2atagram Protocol 3ser ($uipment 3plin 3nac nowledged /+C mode 3ni"ersal .obile Telecommunications System 3T/-N /egistration -rea 3.TS Subscriber &dentity .odule 3ni"ersal Terrestrial /adio -ccess 3ni"ersal Terrestrial /adio -ccess Networ /adio interface between the 3T/-N and 3( )ariable 0it /ate )irtual Circuit )irtual Channel Connection )isitor +ocation /egister )isited .SC )isited Public +and .obile Networ )irtual Pri"ate Networ *C2.- -uthorised Networ s *ide 0and -dapti"e .ulti /ate *C2.- 0ase Station *ideband Code 2i"ision .ultiple -ccess *C2.- Cell *C2.- +ocation Ser"ice (ntity *C2.- Subscriber 5roup *C2.- Ser"ing .obile +ocation Center
0f T =5 o& m G an ot nt o = e!e al er d 0 v e s nt ti al d @d 1m $ ef orel e a 1A b y ul is ef tA sen or t to e %7 & CS duri > n" # this ' tim to e8 5 %7 S C. $ill is not a &an b &el o 2ut ut $ill 1 .os ? t.o s ne e the c 0So 9 n atte d m.t s. afte T r hi the s tim lo ern g Ds Strictly Confidential and Proprietary d mM in ur at o0nt
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05p - Optimization Guidelines and Best Practices

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UMTS RF Optimization and Best Practices

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% Radio &in' Control (R&C)................................................................................................................. 1

* Radio +ccess Bearer (R+B) and Radio Bearer (RB) Confi$urations...........................................!1

, +MR Codecs Mana$ement.............................................................................................................. ##

Radio Resource Mana$ement (RRM)..............................................................................................#*

" -C.M+ Radio /et0or' Parameters.............................................................................................1#1

1 +nne2 13 +bbre4iations................................................................................................................. 1#*

! Selection and Reselection

3ser Mown! &nbound roamerN

Preferred /-T in 3S&. M5S.! *C2.-! noneN

Preferred /-T in /oaming 3S&. M5S.! *C2.-! noneN

None =A 5S. *C2.0oth 8A

None =A 5S. *C2.0oth 8A

!.! Cell Reselection Measurements T6res6olds

Sintrasearc Sintersearc SsearchRA h h T

1 WCDM ACEL Fi$ure 13 CellL Reselection Measurement T6res6olds

!.# Selectin$ Suitable Candidate Cells and S7Criteria

!.% Ran'in$ Suitable Cells and R7Criteria

Fi$ure !3 Cell Reselection Ran'in$ Procedure (R7Criteria)

!.* 8ierarc6ical Cell Structure (8CS) and 87Criteria

HCS not in use:

%-Criterion &ell ran'in"

%-Criterion &ell ran'in"

%-Criterion &ell ran'in"

Fi$ure #3 Cell Reselection Process 0it6 S9 89 and R7Criteria

!., Cell Reselection Parameters

#.1 Pa$in$ t6e U: in idle mode

Fi$ure %3 Pa$in$ t6e U: in idle mode

#.! Pa$in$ t6e U: in connected mode

Fi$ure *3 Pa$in$ t6e U: in connected mode (C:&&;F+C8 or C:&&;.C8 state)

Fi$ure ,3 Pa$in$ t6e U: in connected mode (C:&&;PC8 state)

Fi$ure 3 R/C7ori$inated pa$in$

#.# .iscontinuous Reception (.R<)

Selected .R< c=cle len$t6

% Radio &in' Control (R&C)

Duplication a oi!ance GC C-plane signalling Nt DC Uu" #oun!ar$ U-plane information

RLC RLC RLC RLC

Logical Channels MAC

Fi$ure "3 Radio Interface Protocol +rc6itecture

%.! R&C Operation Modes

%.# R&C Ser4ices

%.% R&C Functions

* Radio +ccess Bearer (R+B) and Radio Bearer (RB) Confi$urations

*.1 UMTS >oS +rc6itecture

T(:.T +ocal 0earer Ser"ice

3.TS 0earer Ser"ice

(%ternal 0earer Ser"ice

/adio -ccess 0earer Ser"ice

CN 0earer Ser"ice &u 0earer Ser"ice

/adio 0earer Ser"ice

0ac bone Networ Ser"ice

Physical 0earer Ser"ice

/adio access bearers Signalling connection

&u connection -ccess Stratum

/adio bearer ser"ice

&u bearer ser"ice

*.! UMTS Traffic Classes

streaming class interacti"e class bac ground class

Table !3 UMTS Traffic Classes

*.# Radio +ccess Bearer (R+B) Ser4ice +ttributes

S23 error ratio

/esidual bit error ratio

2eli"ery of erroneous S23s @yes:no:no> error>detection considerationA

300 300 s2a) s2a)

. -C.M+ C6annel Structure

Fi$ure 1!3 &o0er &a=ers of Radio Interface Protocol +rc6itecture ..1