Compressible fow 2: examples of

isentropic fow
CHEE 3363
Spring 2014
Handout 25

Reading: Chapter 12 (review)
1
Learning objectives for lecture
1. Calculate properties of compressible fows using the local
isentropic stagnation relations.
2
Example: air through turbine
3
Given: air enters a turbine at M
1
= 0.4 , T
1
= 1250 C, and p
1
= 625 kPa
(abs), and leaves at M
2
= 0.8, T
2
= 650 C, and p
2
= 20 kPa (abs).
Determine: local isentropic stagnation conditions at turbine (a) inlet and (b)
outlet); change in specifc entropy across turbine.
Use isentropic equations to calculate
local stagnation conditions (k = 1.4):
Finally, use change in entropy formula for ideal gases:
Example: compressible vs. incompressible
4
Given: aircraft cruises at M = 0.65 at altitude 10km; speed calculated by
measuring difference between stagnation and static pressures.
Determine: (a) this difference; (b) air speed assuming (i) compressibility and
(ii) incompressibility.
Known: gas constant R = 287 J / kg-K, c
p
= 1004 J / kg-K, k = 1.4
Look up in table: at altitude 10km, T = 223.3 K and p = 26.4 kPa.
Stagnation pressure:
(a) Pressure difference:
(b) compressible fuid (i):
incompressible fuid (ii):
Example: critical conditions
5
Given: Hot gas stream at turbine inlet of a jet engine is at T
0
= 1500C, p
0
=
140 kPa (absolute), and Mach number M = 0.32.
Determine: critical conditions T*, p*, V* corresponding to these conditions.
For critical conditions:
Example: pressure across plane window 1
6
Given: aircraft cruises at M = 0.87 at altitude 13 km (standard day); window
located where M = 0.2 relative to surface; cabin pressurized to equivalent
height z = 2.5 km (standard day).
Determine: (a) pressure difference across window; (b) mass fow rate
through a leak in the window with area A = 1 mm
2
, assuming that air rushes
out at critical speed.
Assumptions: (1) and (2)
Calculate pressure at altitude (from table) based on p
SL
= 101.3 kPa
Calculate p
0
for M

= 0.87 to stagnation:
For observer on aircraft, air is decelerated isentropically from M

= 0.87 to M
= 0.2:
Example: pressure across plane window 2
7
From stagnation to M = 0.2:
(a) Pressure difference is:
(b) To calculate mass fow rate, note that stagnation conditions for the
leak are the interior conditions:
Example: compressible lift and drag 1
8
Given: A new design for a supersonic transport is tested in a wind tunnel at
M = 1.8 in air. The stagnation pressure and temperature for the tunnel are p
0

= 200 psia and T
0
= 500F and the wind area is A = 100 in
2
. The measure lift
and drag are F
L
= 12,000 lbf and F
D
= 1600 lbf.
Determine: lift and drag coeffcients.
Equations:
Local conditions:
Example: compressible lift and drag 2
9
Given: A new design for a supersonic transport is tested in a wind tunnel at
M = 1.8 in air. The stagnation pressure and temperature for the tunnel are p
0

= 200 psia and T
0
= 500F and the wind area is A = 100 in
2
. The measure lift
and drag are F
L
= 12,000 lbf and F
D
= 1600 lbf.
Determine: lift and drag coeffcients.
Air velocity:
Air density:
Finally: