Science Optics Review Terms: Visible Light: Electromagnetic waves that the human eye can detect.

Luminous: Produces its own light Phosphorescence: The process of producing light by the absorption of ultraviolet light resulting in the emission of visible light over an extended period of time. Tribolumiescence: The production of light from friction as a result of scratching, crushing, or rubbing certain crystals Specular reflection: reflection of light off a smooth surface Angle of incidence: the angle between the incident ray and the normal Object-image line: Centre of curvature: the centre of the sphere whose surface has been used to make the mirror Converge: to meet at a common point SALT: The method of describing an image Vacuum: Critical Angle: the angle of incidence that results in an angle of refraction of 90 degrees F vs. F: Electromagnetic wave: a wave that has both electric and magnetic parts, does not require a medium, and travels at speed of light. Non-luminous: does not produce its own light Fluorescence: the immediate emission of visible light as a result of absorption of ultraviolet light Light-emitting diode: light produced as a result of an electric current flowing in semiconductors Incident ray: the incoming ray that strikes a surface Angle of reflection: the angle between the reflected ray and the normal Virtual image: an image formed by light coming from an apparent light source; light is not arriving at or coming from the actual image location

Focus: the point at which light rays parallel to the principal axis converge when they are reflected off a concave mirror Diverge: to spread apart Magnification: Partial reflection: Angle of refraction: the angle between the refracted ray and the normal Optical centre: point at the exact centre of the lens Electromagnetic spectrum: the classification of electromagnetic waves by energy Incandescense: the production of light as a result of high temperature Chemiluminescense: the direct production of light as a result of a chemical reaction with little or no heat produced Semiconductor: a material that allows an electric current to flow in only one direction Reflected ray: the ray that bounces off a reflected surface Diffuse reflection: reflection of light off an irregular or dull surface Concave/Converging: a mirror shaped like part of the surface of a sphere in which the inner surface is reflective. Normal: the perpendicular line to mirror surface Parellel: Refraction: the bending or change in direction of light when it travels from one medium into another Index of refraction: the ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to speed of light in a medium, n = c/v; this value is also equal to the ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence in a vacuum to the sine of the refracted ray in a medium, n= sin angle of incidence / sin angle of reflection Converging lens: a lens that is thickest in the middle and that causes incident parallel light rays to converge through a single point after refraction. Side note Ray parallel to the PA, through the top of the object refracts through F. Ray through top of the objet and F refracts parallel to PA. Ray through Emergent ray: The light ray that leaves a lens after refraction Visible spectrum: the continuous sequence of colours that make up white light Electric discharge: the process of producing light by passing an electric current through a gas

Bioluminescence: the production of light in living organisms as the result of a chemical reaction with little or no heat produced. Transparent: when a material transmits all or almost all incident light; objects can be clearly seen through the material. Translucent: when a material transmits some incident light but absorbs or reflects the rest; objects are not clearly seen through the material Opaque: when a material does not transmit any incident light; all incident light is either absorbed or reflected; objects behind the material cannot be seen at all. Plane mirror: flat mirror Real image: an image that can be seen on a screen as a result of light rays actually arriving at the image location Convex/diverging mirror: a mirror shaped like part of the surface of a sphere in which the outer surface is reflective Principal axis: the line through the centre of curvature to the midpoint of the mirror Perpendicular: at right angles Medium: any physical substance through which energy can be transferred Internal reflection: Diverging lens: a lens that is thinnest in the middle and that causes incident parallel light rays to spread apart after refraction