Viva Questions 1. Discuss the need for the finite element analysis. 2.

Discuss the steps involved in Linear static finite element analysis. 3. List few commercial FE analysis packages. 4. Explain pre-processor, processor/solver and post processor in an FE package. 5. !ighlight the capa"ilities of nsys package# version $%.%& 6. what does multiphysics stand for in nsys package. 7. list few line elements, '-D elements and solid elements. (ketch them indicating their degrees of freedom. 8. sketch and indicate the degrees of freedom of following elements a.& )ar element ".& '-D truss element # link$& c.& )eam* d.& )eam+ e.& plane+' f.& solid +, g.& pipe $- h& .etrahedron /. 0hat are the real constants for the a"ove elements1 10. what do you understand "y higher order elements. List a few of them. 11. 12. Explain the terms discretisation, node num"ering and connectivity. 13. what do you understand "y the term shape function. 14. Explain the procedure for o"taining element stresses and (hear force and "ending moments for line elements in 2(3( 15. what is the relationship "etween the degrees of freedom of an element and the si4e of element stiffness matrix. 16. Explain types of displacement constraints. 17. 0rite the displacement constraints for a.5antilever "eam,". (imply supported "eam,c.fixed "eam,d.6roped cantilever "eam 18. Explain statically determinate and indeterminate "eams. 19. what happens when a "ody is not given displacement constraint in FE 1 20. Explain the terms aspect ratio, mapped mesh and free mesh. 21. Explain ax symmetric, "i-axial and single axial symmetry with examples. ''. !ow many independent constants does an isotropic material has1. 0hat are they1 '*. 0rite the relationship "etween 7odulus of 8igidity,modulus of elasticity and 6oisson9s ratio. '+. Explain 6lane stress and plane strain pro"lems.:ive examples. ',. 0hat do understand "y the term 5onvergence studies1 '-. Explain ! convergence and 6 convergence ';. 0rite the "asic formula associated with a.& xial loading '<. ".&"ending and c.& torsion and explain them. '/. 0hat are the assumption in the derivations of the "ending and torsion E=uations. *%. 0hat are the assumption in (>71 *$. 0hat are the assumptions in .russ analysis.1 *'. 0hat do you understand "y linear static analysis1 **. Explain shear force and "ending moments. *+. 0rite (FD and )7D for the "eam pro"lems in the exercises .

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5an you o"tain deflection in "eams using dou"le integration1 0hat stress is induced in a mem"er su"?ected to free .hermal expansion1 Explain principal stress, maximum shear stress and @on A7isses stress.

Important points
Steps in FEM 7odeling. Discritisation of continuum. (election of displacement model. Derivation of element stiffness matrix. ssem"ly of alge"raic e=uations. (olution for unknown displacements. 5alculate of element stress and strain. Plane stress thin planar "ody su"?ected to in-plate loading on its edge surface is said to "e in plane stress. !ere stresses 4, x4, and y4 are set as 4ero. Plane strain Bf a long "ody of uniform cross section is su"?ected to transverse loading along its length, a small thickness in the loaded area can "e treated as su"?ected to plane strain. 4, 4x, y4 are taken as 4ero. (tress 4 may not "e 4ero in this case. Principle of minim m potential ener!". For conservative systems, of all the kinematically admissi"le displacement fields, those corresponding to e=uili"rium extremi4e the total potential energy. Bf the extremum condition is a minimum, the e=uili"rium state is sta"le. .otal potential energy #& C (train energy #D& E 0ork potential #06& Principle of #irt al $or% "ody is in e=uili"rium if the internal virtual work e=uals the external virtual work for every kinematically admissi"le displacement field #,#&&. Mo&elin! F 5reating the geometry. Mes'in! F .he given geometry is dicritised into Finite n m(er of elements, each element is connected with other element at a common point is called as no&e. )of F Bt is used to define the displacements #Dx, Dy, D4& and rotations #8x, 8y, 84& at a node. S'ape f nction (hape functions are used to define the unknown displacement field and the geometry of the element "y using interpolated functions. Isoparametric )oth the displacement u and the coordinate #geometry& x are interpolated within the element using the same shape functions 2$ and 2'. .his is referred to as the isoparametric formulation. *r&er of t'e element Dsed to incorporate complexity of the geometry. >rder $F Linear interpolation function >rder 'F 6ara"olic interpolation function >rder *F 5u"ic interpolation function M ltipoint constraints

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.he types of "oundary conditions used in modeling inclined roller supports, rigid connections, or shrink fits are known as multipoint constraints. #7ultipoint constraints of the type $Gp$ E 'Gp' C % where %,$, and ' are known constants& +ocal coor&inate s"stem Bn the local num"ering scheme, the two nodes of the element are num"ered $ and '. .he local coordinate system consists of the xH axis, which runs along the element from node $ towards '. ll =uantities in this system will "e denoted "y a prime #H&. ,lo(al coor&inate s"stem .he glo"al x-, y- coordinate system is fixed and does not depend on the orientation of the element. 2ote that x, y, and 4 form a right-handed coordinate system with the 4-axis coming straight out of the paper. 5onnectivity will "e esta"lished "y local and glo"al coordinate systems. -ssem(l" of matri. /on#er!ence criteria .o o"tain the correct and accuracy of the results, increase the num"er of elements in multiplication of two for each run. .he results should converge for any two consecutive runs, further "y increasing the num"er of elements, it is o"served that there is no significant changes in the results and is called as convergence criteria. /S0 element For constant strain triangle, the shape functions are linear over the element. 2$ E 2' E 2* C $, where 2$ , 2' , 2* are shape functions at node $,',* respectively. )ifferent t"pe 1o n&ar" con&itions 2)isplacements3 $. Fixed '. 8oller *. 5antilever +. >verhang Force, moments 0"pe of material properties $. Bsotropic '.>rthotropic *. nisotropic Propert" &ataF )eam, shell Post res ltsF Dsed to get the Deformations, stress contours, animation etc.,

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