What does the circulatory system do? (What is its function?) 1. Delivers food and oxygen to body cells.

2. Carries carbon dioxide and other waste products away from cells. 3. The Cardiovascular System . Three !a"or #lements $ %eart& 'lood (essels& ) 'lood 1. 1. The %eart* cardiac muscle tissue 2. highly interconnected cells 3. four chambers 1. +ight atrium 2. +ight ventricle 3. ,eft atrium . ,eft ventricle LAYERS OF THE HEART 3 layers within a sac: Endocardium (Inner !yocardium (!iddle E"icardium or #isceral "ericardium (Outer surrounded $y "arietal "ericardium !yocardium is the thic-est layer .ni/ue because of the presence of I%TER&ALATE' 'IS&S allows a single stimulation to cause all cardiac muscle fibers to contract. The 0ericardium The heart is covered by a thin& tough sac called the "ericardium( !)S&LES *ITHI% THE &HA!+ERS PAPILLARY MUSCLES , -ound within the cham$er walls E.tend into CHORDAE TENDINAE attached to #al#es 1natomy of the heart The heart has 2 atria 2upper chambers3. 'oth atria have very thin walls used to hold the blood 2waiting room3. The heart has 2 ventricles 2lower chambers3. The ventricles have very thic- walls 2blood is pumped here3. (alves The chambers of the heart are separated by valves. The valves prevent the flow of blood bac-wards. LO&ATIO% OF THE HEART Hollow/ muscular or0an 1!I is at the 2th le-t !&L *ei0hs 3 l$( F)%&TIO%S o- the Transports 42 from the lungs to tissues of the body

Delivers nutrients from the 56T to all systems Carries wastes from tissues to the excretory system Serves as a route for hormones& en7ymes& and other chemicals to reach target tissues 'lood (essels 3( Arteries ,,carry $lood away -rom the heart ,,usually s"urt $lood when cut ,,all e.ce"t the "ulmonary artery carry o.y0enated $lood ,,thic4 walled and elastic "ulse: e."ansion and contraction o- the artery walls in res"onse to the heart$eat 5eins ,,carry $lood toward the heart ,,contain #al#es ,,closer to the $ody sur-ace than the arteries ,,all e.ce"t the "ulmonary #ein carry deo.y0enated $lood ,,thinner/ less muscular and elastic than arteries ,,de"end u"on muscle and dia"hra0m mo#ements -or $lood -low &a"illaries ,,most numerous #essels ,,connect arteries to #eins ,,microsco"ic/ one cell thic4 walls ,,site o- much e.chan0e $etween the $lood and the intracellular -luid (lym"h $y di--usion 'lood 'lood 8 a connective tissue made up of blood cells and a li/uid called blood plasma. 1bout 9 : of your body mass 1bout .;* ;.< ,iters in an adult human !en 8 ;.< ,iters =omen 8 .; ,iters 0regnant woman 8 ;.> ,iters The ?unctions of 'lood Delivers@ 0ic-s .p@ - Autrients * waste -idneys - 4xygen& =ater& minerals * carbon dioxide lungs - %ormones and en7ymes * heat s-in - pollutants The 0arts of 'lood 1. 0lasma 8carries everything 2. +ed 'lood Cells 8 2+'C3 gas exchange 3. =hite blood Cells 8 2='C3 fight infection . 0latelets 8 clotting 'lood Composition 1lasma 226 (li7uid "art o- the $lood 8 +lood &ells 926

 0lasma* nonliving Bellow li/uid 2C2: %243 D : nutrients& salts& urea& hormones Carries@ +'C& ='C& 0latelets& Carbon dioxide& food and waste ',44D C#,, TB0#S Red +lood &ells : Erythrocytes most numerous $iconca#e disc sha"ed smaller than white $lood cells/ lar0er than "latelets no nucleus when mature "roduced in the red marrow olon0 $ones destroyed in the li#er and s"leen contain the iron "rotein com"ound HE!O;LO+I% whose chie- -unction is to com$ine with o.y0en and carry it to the cells +ed 'lood Cells* living ; million in 1 drop of blood 2most common3 Shape 8 donut ,ive approximately 12>*12; days %emoglobin 8 oxygen containing pigment 'inds to oxygen and carries it to the cells 5ives red blood cells its red color =hite blood cells* living 1E1* ,eu-ocytes =hite blood cells are larger than red blood cells& but there are less of them. D>>> in one drop of blood ?unction of =hite 'lood Cells surround& engulf and digest bacteria ) viruses 2phagocytosis3 1ttac- bacteria and viruses

*hite +lood cells ,,lar0est $lood cells ,,a$out </=== "er dro" o- $lood ,,most are -ormed in the $one marrow or in the lym"h tissue ,,mostly "rotect the $ody a0ainst diseases $y -ormin0 anti$odies or en0ul-in0 $acteria Fi#e ty"es $ neutrophils& lymphocytes& eosinophils& basophils& and monocytes. 0latelets* living 'its of cells also called Aeutrophils ,ive for approximately 1> days ?unction of 0latelets creates fibrin 8 en7yme that helps clot blood 2tiny threads seal cuts3

3( 1latelets ,,smallest $lood cells (-ra0ments ,,32=/=== to 3==/=== "er dro" o- $lood ,,needed -or clottin0 >> In 0eneral/ the $lood is a -luid tissue hel"in0 to maintain homeostasis -or all cells in the $ody( 3( Trans"ort o- needed su$stances to $ody cells( (o.y0en/ amino acids/ 0lucose/ -atty acids/ 0lycerol/ salts/ etc( ?( Trans"ort o- wastes -rom cells( (urea/ water/ car$on dio.ide in the -orm o- the $icar$onate ion 3( Hel"s to maintain a constant $ody tem"erature( 9( Aids the $ody in -i0htin0 disease( +LOO' FLO* THRO);H THE HEART +O'Y (S5& @ I5& +1 tricuspid valve opens +( tricuspid valve closes +( muscles contract pulmonary semilunar valves open pulmonary artery lungs L)%;S pulmonary vein ,1 mitral valve opens ,( mitral valve closes ,( muscles contract aortic semilunar valve opens aorta distribution 3( In-erior @ su"erior #ena ca#a ?( Ri0ht atrium 3( Tricus"id #al#e 9( Ri0ht #entricle 2( 1ulmonary semilunar #al#e A( 1ulmonary arteries (+LOO' TO THE L)%;S B ;AS EC&HA%;E D E( 1ulmonary #eins <( Le-t Atrium F( +icus"id: mitral #al#e 3=( Le-t #entricle 33( Aortic semilunar #al#e 3?( Aorta