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Types, applications and connections of Overcurrent relay (on photo: Transmission lines from Gillam to Churchill)
or operating condition outside the area of interest are totally ignored and the protection must be designed to be stable above the maximum possible fault current that could flow through the protected area. Go back to Index
2 3
Phase to Phase fault Not with Ground Double phase to Ground fault
Related Phase Overcurrent relays Related Phase Overcurrent relays and Earth Fault relays
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Speed Fast operation to minimize damage and danger Discrimination Isolate only the faulty section Dependability / reliability Security / stability Cost of protection / against cost of potential hazards Go back to Index
3. Inverse Time Overcurrent Relay ( IDMT Relay) Moderately Inverse Very Inverse Time Extremely Inverse 4. Directional overcurrent Relay Go back to Index
Operates in a definite time when current exceeds its Pickup value. Its operation criterion is only current magnitude ( without time delay). Operating time is constant. There is no intentional time delay. Coordination of definite-current relays is based on the fact that the fault current varies with the position of the fault because of the difference in the impedance between the fault and the source
The relay located furthest from the source operate for a low current value The operating currents are progressively increased for the other relays when moving towards the source. It operates in 0.1s or less Application: This type is applied to the outgoing feeders. Go back to Index
Drawback of Relay:
1. The continuity in the supply cannot be maintained at the load end in the event of fault. 2. Time lag is provided which is not desirable in on short circuits. 3. It is difficult to co-ordinate and requires changes with the addition of load.
Definite time of overcurrent relay
4. It is not suitable for long distance transmission lines where rapid fault clearance is necessary for stability. 5. Relay have difficulties in distinguishing between Fault currents at one point or another when fault impedances between these points are small, thus poor discrimination.
Application:
Definite time overcurrent relay is used as: 1. Back up protection of distance relay of transmission line with time delay. 2. Back up protection to differential relay of power transformer with time delay. 3. Main protection to outgoing feeders and bus couplers with adjustable time delay setting. Go back to Index
The use of extremely inverse overcurrent relays makes it possible to use a short time delay in spite of high switching-in currents. Used when Fault current is dependent on fault location Used when Fault current independent of normal changes in generating capacity. Application: Suitable for protection of distribution feeders with peak currents on switching in (refrigerators, pumps, water heaters and so on). Particular suitable for grading and coordinates with fuses and re closes For the protection of alternators, transformers. Expensive cables, etc. Go back to Index
Distribution Protection: Overcurrent relaying is very well suited to distribution system protection for the following reasons: It is basically simple and inexpensive. Very often the relays do not need to be directional and hence no PT supply is required. It is possible to use a set of two O/C relays for protection against inter-phase faults and a separate Overcurrent relay for ground faults. Go back to Index