General Comments on

Open Pit Mine Planning

With Emphasis on Pit Design
Prepared for
Freeport-McMoRan Copper and Gold, Inc.
Cerro Verde Operations
Arequipa, Peru

Prepared by
G. S. Zimmer
GSZ, Inc.
Tucson, Arizona
November, 2007

1.0

Introduction

In nearly 35 years of open pit mine planning I have encountered many diverse and
unique problems, many of which I saved, as memos to file, and promptly forgot
where I put them. In 2002-2003, during the prolonged industry slow down, I loosely
compiled these memos and procedures I had developed into a document I called
Mine Planning 101, alluding to an introductory course in mine planning
fundamentals. The document was NOT intended to be a comprehensive how to
for open pit mine planning. It is a compilation of various fundamental principles that
I have seen overlooked, some estimating tools that may be useful, and descriptions
of actual incidents. The intent was to have something I could travel with and use in
my consulting work.
On 31 October 2007 I was contacted, via email, by Sr. Jose Gonzales (Long Term
Planning Superintendent for Cerro Verde) regarding conducting a training session
for pushback design on site for the Cerro Verde team. Since I effectively speak no
Spanish and pushback design is highly deposit-specific, I recommended the
following approach as being cost-effective:
I should adapt my Mine Planning 101 compilation to deal specifically with
pit design, add sufficient text to provide continuity, and send the resulting
document to Cerro Verde via email.
The CV staff would review the document, ask questions via email, take the
time to apply appropriate concepts, and review the results.
At the discretion of CV, I could then visit the site for detailed discussions.
Note that the application of the techniques and procedures described herein is a
function of the current age of the operation with respect to the mine life. At the
feasibility stage or early in the mine life, ALL the concepts will apply. In a mature
operation, or one approaching final pit limits, concepts such as balanced pushback
size have little or no application and the paramount objective is efficient access.
However, at all stages of mine life, the concepts of minimum mining rate calculation
and the calculation of a stripped ore inventory are very useful tools.

2.0

Overview

Of necessity, mine planning is an iterative process. Knowledge gained during the

planning sequence requires backtracking to revise initial parameters, which have
usually originated as best-guess estimates. Figure 2-1 is a general flowsheet for
the development of a mine plan and Figure 2-2 is a flowsheet for the generation of
mine capital and operating costs. While documenting the required sequences
involved, neither flowsheet illustrates the possible or required iteration.

Of the parameters used for economic pit limit assessment (referred to as cone
runs herein for brevity), commodity price and processing recovery nearly always
are the most significant by a wide margin. In many instances, third place is taken
by pit slope angles, particularly with deep pits.
It is both important and cost effective to have geotechnical input from day one of
the economic pit limit evaluation. Slope angles used for initial cone runs are
somewhat generic because we have little or no idea of the location, orientation, and
depth of pit limits relative to the geology of the deposit. Much of todays software
has the capability (with some effort) to integrate the cone shell with the geological
interpretation, which should be done and reviewed by the geotechnical personnel.
Any revisions to slope angles should be immediately incorporated into additional
cone runs.
Once the initial geotechnical recommendations have been processed, the resulting
cone shell should be used to rough out the final pit access routing and the number
of ramp crossings in each slope sector will yield ramp-equivalent slope angles for
an additional cone run. In some situations, the location of the access remaining on
the final pit walls cannot be defined until the internal pushbacks have been
designed. Geotechnical personnel should again review the resulting rampequivalent shell.
A deep pit will probably be sensitive to an incremental haulage cost, as a function
of depth, and this issue needs to be addressed early in the economic pit limit
evaluation. Failure to do so at this time may result in the depth of the final pit being
below economic limits and the lower benches of internal pushbacks not being
viable at the commodity price that the pushback was based on.
In some instances, a variable cutoff grade strategy is utilized, which raises the
cutoff grade during the early years and stockpiles the lower grade material for
processing at the end of mine life. In this situation, both a stockpile rehandling cost
and the potential for reduction in metallurgical recovery (degradation with time)
should be considered and included in the cutoff grade calculations. Failure to do so
will result in material being stockpiled that should have been sent to waste in the
first place. This probably will not have a significant effect on final pit limits, but it will
have an effect on the allocation of contained material (reserve tabulations).
Initial cone runs should be done without the application of a minimum mining
radius. It is possible, in either a strata-bound or a structure-limited deposit for a
minimum mining radius to force pit limits beyond the strata or structural limits (know
your software!). A cone run with no mining radius constraint may result in deep
bulls-eyes or rat holes which are probably uneconomic due to access
consideration. If there is an obvious flat area that contains the bulls-eyes, limit a
subsequent cone run to an artificial bottom slightly below the elevation of the flat
area. If the upper pit limits do not change significantly, it is apparent that the
material in the bulls-eyes does not influence them. The benches containing the

bulls-eyes may then be examined using an appropriate mining radius, specified to

approximate access.
Occasionally there will be a zone of high-grade material at lower levels of a deposit
and very detailed discussions will be held regarding cutting/capping
assays/composites and variography. In this situation, a pragmatic approach is
mandated. Economic runs (cones) should be generated with the zone reasonably
interpreted and with the zone either eliminated from the grade model or limited to
the average grade of the deposit. If a pit is generated with the zone in place but not
with the zone eliminated/averaged, it is clear that the economic viability of the
project is dependent on this high-grade material. Prudence dictates that more
drilling is absolutely necessary before proceeding any further with feasibility studies.
The design of pushbacks internal to the final pit is based on accessing the area of
highest net value first and progressing sequentially into areas of progressively
lower net value. A key constraint for pushback design is that they must have
operating widths suited to efficient operation of the equipment selected, which is a
function of the required mining rate. Subsequent optimization or fine-tuning of the
ore-processing rate could result in a total material mining rate requiring equipment
too large to work efficiently within the initial design width.
For a given production rate and cutoff grade strategy, there is a size for the initial
(preproduction) pushback that is unique to every deposit. Any reasonable design
will be adequate for a range of production rates, but the range IS limited. In
addition, the concept of balanced pushback designs needs to be addressed. The
insertion of a large pushback in the sequence, in an attempt to match pushback
limits with a commodity price shell or to access a specific ore target, will require
substantial advance stripping and may spike the total material mining rate to a
problematic level.
After the completion of a set of pushback designs and the selection of an oreprocessing rate, there is a very simple and rapid method of calculating the minimum
total material mining rate, which may also calculate the number of benches required
per year. If the number of benches per year is exorbitant, the pushbacks are too
small for the required mining rate. If there is a spike in the total material mining rate
that is inconsistent with equipment replacement life, the pushback responsible
should be redesigned if possible. Note that pushback redesign is not always
possible due.
Once the ultimate pit limits are designed, the pit should be compared to the base
cone both in terms of contained material and geometry. If both these criteria are
met within acceptable limits, it is a reasonable assumption that the minable
reserves are valid with respect to the economic and physical parameters specified.
In addition, subsequent cone runs may then be utilized with confidence to evaluate
reserve sensitivity and for sterilization analysis.

Much of the current mining software attempts to simultaneously address all the
possible variables in the development of a mine plan. It is important for the user to
realize that this approach, rather than a sequential and iterative process, will
automatically result in dumbing down the process and/or operating at the lowest
common denominator, which may NOT be obvious. In other words, a parameter
that drives the mine plan has a good chance of NOT being THE critical factor
because it might be easily remedied. As an example, warnings/indications that
pushback redesign might be helpful may be hidden in a mass of data.
An initial mine production schedule should be developed with minimal mining rate
smoothing by advance stripping. This schedule should be utilized as a basis for
equipment selection and subsequent optimization. Advance stripping should be
utilized to balance truck requirements as much as possible. It should be
recognized that pushback redesign might be required to optimize equipment
requirements.
Note that a thorough evaluation of a set of pushback designs requires the
development of a mine production schedule and the generation of composite
drawings showing the pit operating geometry as a function of time. It is quite
possible that individual pushbacks, containing efficient access, may be problematic
when combined into a production schedule. A review of the operating geometry
may offer insight into slope angles as a function of operating wall height that is not
evident from the individual pushback designs.
Equipment selection must consider both the mining rate and the operating
geometry of the mine plan. Minimizing operating costs dictates the use of the
largest possible equipment, but equipment size must be determined with common
sense. One large stripping shovel might handle all the waste requirements on a
total tonnage basis. However, if the tonnage is spread over two or three working
faces in any given period, one big unit is obviously not appropriate. Operating
geometry, rather than shovel capacity, may dictate the number of shovels required,
particularly when relatively immobile tracked units are specified. Consequently,
there is a trade off between under-utilization of larger units (low operating cost, high
capital cost) and efficient utilization of smaller units (higher operating cost, less
capital cost).
Once a reasonable production schedule has been developed and equipment has
been selected in terms of size, equipment requirements are calculated sequentially
for each mining period. While unit productivities (tons per hour) will remain
constant over the equipment life, both availability and hourly operating costs should
be a function of equipment age. Optimization of truck requirements will almost
certainly require adjustments to the mine production schedule.
After equipment requirements are calculated, mine operating costs are developed
on a functional basis (drilling, blasting, loading, hauling, etc.), preferably with M&R
(maintenance and repair) costs varying as a function of equipment age. Once the

mine operating costs have been calculated, they should be compared to those
used in the cone runs. If the calculated costs to not fall within sensitivity limits, the
reserves may be invalidated and another complete iteration may be required.
On completion of the initial mine plan, a stripped ore inventory calculation should be
developed. The inventory is a tabulation and plot of the volume of available
(stripped) ore at the end of each mining period. When a pushback is stripped to an
elevation where a continuous ore supply is available, all ore below that elevation is
added to the inventory, which is drawn down until the continuous ore supply in the
subsequent pushback is exposed. The ore inventory plot will yield a series of
peaks and valleys. The peaks are irrelevant, but the valleys show the magnitude of
the stripped ore cushion and the time periods in which the minimums occur. If
there are problems (cushions too small or too large), the production schedule
should be revised at this time.
If either reviewing or working in an operation utilizing an equipment dispatching
system, do NOT blindly assume that the reported equipment productivities are
optimal (whatever that means). There is no guarantee that the dispatching system
is being utilized properly and/or is functioning correctly. Productivity estimates
should be made, compared to those being experienced in the operation, and
significant disparities should be explained.
If reviewing or working with an unfamiliar existing operation, the following question
should be asked: Tell me, using short sentences and small words, how an
operating hour is defined at this operation. Similarly, the definitions for
availability, use of availability, and utilization should be defined. If not changed
in mid-stream, these definitions do not impact the operation in question. However,
problems can arise when making comparisons with other operations if terms are
not defined.
In general, there are four operating modes for open pit mine operations and mine
planning. The first is a LUXURY MODE, which seldom happens anymore, but is
characterized by:

Wide pushbacks (widths are considerably in excess of the minimum required

by the equipment in use).
Dual access for most or all benches.
Wide, flat ramps.
Multiple ore faces available in more than two pushbacks concurrently.
Working slope angles at, or less than, the angle of repose.
New equipment
Excess equipment capacity (parked spares, etc.).
An exposed ore cushion of 12 months or more.

An EFFICIENT MODE is characterized by:

Reasonable pushback widths, approaching the minimum required by onsite

equipment.
Dual access where possible.
A mature equipment fleet with good availability and utilization.
A cross-trained labor force.
Production scheduled at equipment capacity.
Working slopes have been steepened by controlled blasting and
geotechnical studies/monitoring.
A minimum available (stripped) ore cushion of six months is maintained.
Optimal use is made of both the equipment dispatching system and GPS.
Double-side loading is utilized as a matter of priority.
Preventive maintenance has a high priority.

The third condition is CRISIS MODE, which is usually the result of a fall in
commodity price, or problems with the ore body model, or both. It is difficult to
identify the onset of crisis mode and it also can be very difficult for the engineers to
question premises that have served admirably for many years. In crisis mode, ALL
design/planning constraints and operating restrictions must be objectively reviewed
with the objective of minimizing costs by assuming a higher level of risk and
MANAGING THE RISK appropriately.

Reduce pushback widths to an absolute minimum.

Reduce ramp widths to a minimum.
Use temporary ramps to eliminate semi-permanent (life-of-pushback) ramps
where possible.
Maximize ramp gradient.
Eliminate (or steepen) working slopes.
Where applicable, mine out any inter-phase ramps left in ore.
Look at possibility of in-pit waste dumping, even at the cost of eventual
double-handling.
Look at optimal use of Dispatch and GPS systems.

The alternative to NOT making the required improvements while in crisis mode is
SHUTDOWN MODE, where stripping is halted and exposed ore is mined to
depletion.

Figure 2-1
Open Pit Mine Planning Flowsheet
Block
Model
Parameters for
Economic
Analysis
(Including, but not limited to)

Mining Cost per

Ton of Material

Processing
Cost/ton Ore

G&A
Cost/ton Ore

Smltng/Refining
Costs

Incremental Haul
Cost for Depth

Processing
Recoveries

Ore Discounting
Strategy

Smltng/Refining
Recoveries

Commodity
Price(s)

IR Pit Slopes
by Sectors
Ramp-Equivalent
Slopes

Economic
Analysis
(Including, but not limited to)

Definition of
Final Pit Limits

Identification of
Expansion
Potential

Assessment of
Pit Limit
Sensitivity

Internal Analysis
for Definition of
Extraction
Sequence

Preliminary
Ultimate Pit
(with ramps)
Pushback
Design
(with ramps)
Geotechnical
Review
Confirmation *
of Ultimate Pit
Design
Sterilization
Analysis
Phased (minable)
Reserves

Mining Rate
Definition

Cutoff Grade
Strategy

Extraction
Sequence
Definition

Mine Production
Schedule

Stripped Ore
Inventory

Annual Pit
Composites

Design of
Ex-Pit Access

Geotechnical
Review

Annual Waste
Dump Designs
Geotechnical
Review

Completed *
Mine Plan
* Subject to confirmation of economic and physical parameter assumptions through comparison of the designed pit with the base cone and
comparison of subsequent detailed capital and operating cost calculations with the estimated costs used in the analysis.

1994, 2003 G.S. Zimmer

Figure 2-2
Open Pit Capital and Operating Cost Flowsheet
Completed
Mine Plan

Mining
Rate

Power Cost/
Availability

Selectivity
Requirements

Material
Properties

Haul Profile
Measurements

Support Equip.
Productivity

Equipment
Selection

Drill & Blast

Productivity

Loading Unit
Productivity

Haul Truck
Productivity

Equipment
Operating Shifts
by Mining Period

Equipment Life
& Replacement
Scedules

Availability and
Use of Availability
by Mining Period

Utilization as a
Function of
Oprtg. Geometry

Equipment
Requirements
by Mining Period

Bid Document
Preparation and
Solicitation of
Bids for Mining
Equipment
Mine Equipment
Capital &
Replacement
Cost for each
Mining Period

Equipment
Operating Cost
per Shift
Salaried
Labor (rates,
burden, &
requirements)

Operating
Labor (rates,
burden, &
requirements)

Maintenance
Labor (rates,
burden, &
requirements)

Mine Admin.
Cost for each
Mining Period

Operating Labor
Cost by Mining
Function for each
Mining Period

Maint. Labor *
Cost by Mining
Function for each
Mining Period

Operating Cost
Summary by
Mining Function
for each
Mining Period

Mine Facilities
Capital Cost

Preproduction
Stripping Cost
Mine Capital &
Replacement
Cost Summary
Financial
Analysis
Confirmation of
Minable
Reserves

1994, 2003 G.S. Zimmer

Repair Parts *
& Consumables
Cost by Mining
Function for each
Mining Period

* Maint. Labor and Repair Parts costs

calculated as a function of equipment
age for each mining period.

3.0

Economic Pit Analysis Required Mining Input

Pit limits are most sensitive to commodity price and processing recovery and are
not usually highly sensitive to mining costs. However, if a fixed mining cost is used
to define limits for a deep pit, material contained in the lower benches may not be
economic because of the cost of lifting it to the pit exit. In addition, pit slope angles
can have a major impact on economic pit limits, particularly with deep pits. Minerelated parameters for the economic definition of pit limits consist of:

3.1

Mining costs
o Base mine operating cost
o Incremental haulage cost
o Stockpile rehandling cost
o Mine equipment replacement cost
Pit slope angles
Minimum mining radius
Impact of high-grade zones

Mining Costs

In many instances, a constant mine operating cost is used for all benches and this
might result in:

The depth of the final pit being below the actual economic limits.
The lower benches of internal pushbacks, based on economic runs at lower
commodity prices, may not be viable at that price.

Mining costs for economic pit evaluation should consist of two components:

A fixed cost, consisting of non-haul costs plus a base haul cost.

An incremental haulage cost that varies by bench as a function of depth.

Open pit mine planning is, by nature, an iterative process and this cannot be
emphasized too highly. With todays computer hardware and software, the
generation of economic pit runs (floating cone, lerchs-grossman, etc.) is fast and
inexpensive. As an initial step, a first pass using fixed mining costs and fixed
slopes is highly recommended. This will give an idea as to the scale of operations
(ore and total material mining rates), the relationship of the pit to surface
topography, and the orientation of pit walls with respect to geology.
All things being equal, mining costs are a function of the mining rate and the
haulage distance. Costs for larger operations are cheaper, due to economy of
scale, and longer hauls are obviously more expensive than short ones. The easiest
7

way to look at haulage costs is to use the equivalent distance method in which
ramp distances are converted to equivalent flat haul (EFH) distances using the ratio
of the flat haul truck speed to that of the various ramp truck speeds. A typical EFH
calculation is shown in Table 3-1.
The non-haulage component of the operating cost may be obtained either from
operations of comparable size or from various published sources. Defining the
base haulage cost can be an iterative exercise, particularly if in-pit
crushing/conveying is to be utilized. For a first-pass effort, use the initial cone runs
recommended above, look at the main pit exit elevation(s) and estimate an EFH
distance. Note that there may be multiple base distances (ore, leach, waste, etc.),
possibly from multiple pit exits in high relief topography situations. Use an
appropriate cost per equivalent distance to calculate a base haul cost, which
consists of haulage on the bench and the ex-pit distance to the destination, but
NOT the incremental haul cost associated with the bench elevation.
Incremental haulage costs will vary as a function of the bench height, ramp
gradient, truck size, and hauling up or down. Waste may have to be hauled down
to an external dump elevation and ore/leach/waste may have to be hauled down to
an in-pit crusher elevation. Examples of incremental haul cost calculations for a 15meter bench height, a ten percent ramp gradient, and a range of truck sizes are
shown in Tables 3-2 (UP haul) and 3-3 (DOWN haul). Note that western US labor
rates have been specified in these tables.
In many instances, a variable cutoff grade strategy is utilized in the mine plan,
which raises the cutoff grade during the early years and stockpiles the low grade
material for processing at the end of mine life. In this situation, both a stockpile
rehandling cost and the potential for reduction in metallurgical recovery
(degradation with time) should be considered. Failure to do so will result in material
being stockpiled that should have been sent to waste in the first place.
Mine equipment replacement costs should be included in the economic pit analysis
because equipment is consumed in the process of mining.
Equipment
replacement cost will usually range between $0.07 to $0.15 per tonne mined, with
the low end being large-scale low-impact operations (coal) and the high end being
small-scale operations with highly abrasive material. Using a nominal $0.12 per
tonne is reasonable.

Table 3-1
Haul Profile Conversion to Equivalent One-Way (Loaded) Flat Haul

Total one-way dist

Vertical lift (loaded)
Vertical fall (loaded)
Ramp gradient
Truck speeds
Loaded
Upramp
Flat
Downramp
Empty
Upramp
Flat
Downramp
Accel/Decel

2,000 meters
100 meters
30 meters
10
%

10.0
40.0
26.0

kph
kph
kph

23.0
62.0
39.0
10.0

kph
kph
kph
kph

"Reasonable and prudent" for site conditions

Equivalent Dist

Travel Time

Loaded EFH
Acceleration
Flat haul dist
Upramp haul dist
Downramp haul dist
Deceleration

50
600
1,000
300
50

meters
meters
meters
meters
meters

X
X
X
X
X

40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

kph
kph
kph
kph
kph

/
/
/
/
/

10.0
40.0
10.0
26.0
10.0

kph
kph
kph
kph
kph

=
=
=
=
=

200
600
4,000
462
200
5,462

EqM
EqM
EqM
EqM
EqM
EqM

0.30
0.90
6.00
0.69
0.30
8.19

min.
min.
min.
min.
min.
min.

Return EFH
Acceleration
Flat haul dist
Upramp haul dist
Downramp haul dist
Deceleration

50
600
300
1,000
50

meters
meters
meters
meters
meters

X
X
X
X
X

40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

kph
kph
kph
kph
kph

/
/
/
/
/

10.0
62.0
23.0
39.0
10.0

kph
kph
kph
kph
kph

=
=
=
=
=

200
387
522
1,026
200
2,334

EqM
EqM
EqM
EqM
EqM
EqM

0.30
0.58
0.78
1.54
0.30
3.50

min.
min.
min.
min.
min.
min.

/
Equivalent one-way haul @ 40.0

X
=
/
X
=

3.90
2
7.80
40.0
60
11.69

kph

7,796 EqM
11.69 min.
2
3,898 EqM or 3.90 EqKm

Travel time check

EqKm (one-way dist)
EqKm
kph
min.
min.

(total dist)
(loaded flat haul speed)
(per hour)
(travel time)

Table 3-2
INCREMENTAL HAULAGE COST ESTIMATE
(One 15-meter bench - UP haul)
Vertical
Total
Lift
Fall
Haul distance (meters) = 150
15
0
Ramp gradient =
10 %

Loaded profile (meters) =

Loaded speeds (kph) =
Return profile (meters) =
Return speeds (kph) =

Accel
0
10
0
10

Loaded Haul Distance =

0.38

Up
150
10
0
23

Down
0
26
150
39

Operating Labor
Base rate = 20.00 $/hr
Burden = 45.00 %
Total = 29.00 $/hr
Flat
0
40
0
62

Decel
0
10
0
10

Maintenance Labor
Base rate = 22.00 $/hr
Burden = 45.00 %
Total = 31.90 $/hr

Fixed Time
Passes =
0
Swing =
0 sec
Spot =
0 sec
Load =
0.00 min
Queue =
0.00 min
Dump =
0.00 min
Total =
0.00 min

Load Factor =

95 %

Efficiency =

50 min/hr

Diesel fuel =

2.500 $/gal
0.660 $/liter

Tire Life =

5,000 hours

Parts Factor =

1.00

equivalent kilometers

AGE ADJUSTMENTS
TRUCK OPERATING COST PER MACHINE HOUR
Life (hrs)
M&R Maint. Repair
Fuel
Tires
Oprtg.
from
to
Factor Labor Parts gal/hr
cost
Lube $/tire
cost
Labor

TRUCK PRODUCTIVITY AND COST PER TONNE

Cycle Time (min)
Eff.Time Loads/ Tonnes
$/
haul return fixed
total (min/hr) Op.hr. /Op.hr. tonne

$/
ETKm

Drive

Model

Size
(tons)

Mechanical

Cat 777D
tonnes =

100
90.7

0
0
5,000
10,000
25,000
50,000

75,000
5,000
10,000
25,000
50,000
75,000

1.00
0.30
0.50
0.75
1.10
1.30

24.19
7.26
12.10
18.14
26.61
31.45

21.65
6.50
10.83
16.24
23.82
28.15

22.0
22.0
22.0
22.0
22.0
22.0

45.83
45.83
45.83
45.83
45.83
45.83

7.75
7.75
7.75
7.75
7.75
7.75

9,375
9,375
9,375
9,375
9,375
9,375

9.38
9.38
9.38
9.38
9.38
9.38

29.00
29.00
29.00
29.00
29.00
29.00

137.80
105.71
114.88
126.34
142.38
151.55

0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90

0.23
0.23
0.23
0.23
0.23
0.23

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

1.13
1.13
1.13
1.13
1.13
1.13

50
50
50
50
50
50

44.22
44.22
44.22
44.22
44.22
44.22

3,811
3811
3811
3811
3811
3811

0.036
0.028
0.030
0.033
0.037
0.040

0.096
0.074
0.080
0.088
0.099
0.106

Mechanical

Cat 785C
155
tonnes = 140.6

0
0
5,000
10,000
25,000
50,000

75,000
5,000
10,000
25,000
50,000
75,000

1.00
0.30
0.50
0.75
1.10
1.30

29.77
8.93
14.89
22.33
32.75
38.71

32.78
9.83
16.39
24.58
36.05
42.61

28.0
28.0
28.0
28.0
28.0
28.0

58.33
58.33
58.33
58.33
58.33
58.33

11.11
11.11
11.11
11.11
11.11
11.11

13,750
13,750
13,750
13,750
13,750
13,750

13.75
13.75
13.75
13.75
13.75
13.75

29.00
29.00
29.00
29.00
29.00
29.00

174.74
130.96
143.47
159.10
180.99
193.50

0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90

0.23
0.23
0.23
0.23
0.23
0.23

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

1.13
1.13
1.13
1.13
1.13
1.13

50
50
50
50
50
50

44.22
44.22
44.22
44.22
44.22
44.22

5,907
5907
5907
5907
5907
5907

0.030
0.022
0.024
0.027
0.031
0.033

0.078
0.059
0.064
0.071
0.081
0.087

Mechanical

Cat 789C
200
tonnes = 181.4

0
0
5,000
10,000
25,000
50,000

75,000
5,000
10,000
25,000
50,000
75,000

1.00
0.30
0.50
0.75
1.10
1.30

34.29
10.29
17.15
25.72
37.72
44.58

41.88
12.56
20.94
31.41
46.06
54.44

37.0
37.0
37.0
37.0
37.0
37.0

77.08
77.08
77.08
77.08
77.08
77.08

13.88
13.88
13.88
13.88
13.88
13.88

22,500
22,500
22,500
22,500
22,500
22,500

22.50
22.50
22.50
22.50
22.50
22.50

29.00
29.00
29.00
29.00
29.00
29.00

218.63
165.32
180.55
199.59
226.25
241.48

0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90

0.23
0.23
0.23
0.23
0.23
0.23

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

1.13
1.13
1.13
1.13
1.13
1.13

50
50
50
50
50
50

44.22
44.22
44.22
44.22
44.22
44.22

7,622
7622
7622
7622
7622
7622

0.029
0.022
0.024
0.026
0.030
0.032

0.076
0.058
0.063
0.069
0.079
0.084

Mechanical

Cat 793D
240
tonnes = 217.7

0
0
5,000
10,000
25,000
50,000

75,000
5,000
10,000
25,000
50,000
75,000

1.00
0.30
0.50
0.75
1.10
1.30

38.28
11.48
19.14
28.71
42.11
49.76

49.97
14.99
24.98
37.48
54.96
64.96

46.0
46.0
46.0
46.0
46.0
46.0

95.83
95.83
95.83
95.83
95.83
95.83

16.33
16.33
16.33
16.33
16.33
16.33

25,500
25,500
25,500
25,500
25,500
25,500

25.50
25.50
25.50
25.50
25.50
25.50

29.00
29.00
29.00
29.00
29.00
29.00

254.91
193.14
210.79
232.85
263.74
281.39

0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90

0.23
0.23
0.23
0.23
0.23
0.23

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

1.13
1.13
1.13
1.13
1.13
1.13

50
50
50
50
50
50

44.22
44.22
44.22
44.22
44.22
44.22

9,146
9146
9146
9146
9146
9146

0.028
0.021
0.023
0.025
0.029
0.031

0.074
0.056
0.061
0.068
0.077
0.082

Mechanical

Cat 797
380
tonnes = 344.7

0
0
5,000
10,000
25,000
50,000

75,000
5,000
10,000
25,000
50,000
75,000

1.00
0.30
0.50
0.75
1.10
1.30

52.37
15.71
26.18
39.28
57.61
68.08

47.61
14.28
23.80
35.71
52.37
61.89

66.0
66.0
66.0
66.0
66.0
66.0

137.50
137.50
137.50
137.50
137.50
137.50

24.93
24.93
24.93
24.93
24.93
24.93

35,000
35,000
35,000
35,000
35,000
35,000

35.00
35.00
35.00
35.00
35.00
35.00

29.00
29.00
29.00
29.00
29.00
29.00

326.40
256.42
276.41
301.41
336.40
356.40

0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90

0.23
0.23
0.23
0.23
0.23
0.23

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

1.13
1.13
1.13
1.13
1.13
1.13

50
50
50
50
50
50

44.22 14,481 0.023

44.22 14481 0.018
44.22 14481 0.019
44.22 14481 0.021
44.22 14481 0.023
44.22 14481 0.025

0.060
0.047
0.051
0.055
0.062
0.065

Total

Table 3-3
INCREMENTAL HAULAGE COST ESTIMATE
(One 15-meter bench - DOWN haul)
Vertical
Total
Lift
Fall
Haul distance (meters) = 150
0
15
Ramp gradient =
10 %

Loaded profile (meters) =

Loaded speeds (kph) =
Return profile (meters) =
Return speeds (kph) =

Accel
0
10
0
10

Loaded Haul Distance =

0.25

Up
0
10
150
23

Down
150
26
0
39

Operating Labor
Base rate = 20.00 $/hr
Burden = 45.00 %
Total = 29.00 $/hr
Flat
0
40
0
62

Decel
0
10
0
10

Maintenance Labor
Base rate = 22.00 $/hr
Burden = 45.00 %
Total = 31.90 $/hr

Fixed Time
Passes =
0
Swing =
0 sec
Spot =
0 sec
Load =
0.00 min
Queue =
0.00 min
Dump =
0.00 min
Total =
0.00 min

Load Factor =

95 %

Efficiency =

50 min/hr

Diesel fuel =

2.500 $/gal
0.660 $/liter

Tire Life =

5,000 hours

Parts Factor =

1.00

equivalent kilometers

AGE ADJUSTMENTS
TRUCK OPERATING COST PER MACHINE HOUR
Life (hrs)
M&R Maint. Repair
Fuel
Tires
Oprtg.
from
to
Factor Labor Parts gal/hr
cost
Lube $/tire
cost
Labor

TRUCK PRODUCTIVITY AND COST PER TONNE

Cycle Time (min)
Eff.Time Loads/ Tonnes
$/
haul return fixed
total (min/hr) Op.hr. /Op.hr. tonne

$/
ETKm

Drive

Model

Size
(tons)

Mechanical

Cat 777D
tonnes =

100
90.7

0
0
5,000
10,000
25,000
50,000

75,000
5,000
10,000
25,000
50,000
75,000

1.00
0.30
0.50
0.75
1.10
1.30

24.19
7.26
12.10
18.14
26.61
31.45

21.65
6.50
10.83
16.24
23.82
28.15

22.0
22.0
22.0
22.0
22.0
22.0

45.83
45.83
45.83
45.83
45.83
45.83

7.75
7.75
7.75
7.75
7.75
7.75

9,375
9,375
9,375
9,375
9,375
9,375

9.38
9.38
9.38
9.38
9.38
9.38

29.00
29.00
29.00
29.00
29.00
29.00

137.80
105.71
114.88
126.34
142.38
151.55

0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35

0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.74
0.74
0.74
0.74
0.74
0.74

50
50
50
50
50
50

67.80
67.80
67.80
67.80
67.80
67.80

5,843
5843
5843
5843
5843
5843

0.024
0.018
0.020
0.022
0.024
0.026

0.096
0.074
0.080
0.088
0.099
0.106

Mechanical

Cat 785C
155
tonnes = 140.6

0
0
5,000
10,000
25,000
50,000

75,000
5,000
10,000
25,000
50,000
75,000

1.00
0.30
0.50
0.75
1.10
1.30

29.77
8.93
14.89
22.33
32.75
38.71

32.78
9.83
16.39
24.58
36.05
42.61

28.0
28.0
28.0
28.0
28.0
28.0

58.33
58.33
58.33
58.33
58.33
58.33

11.11
11.11
11.11
11.11
11.11
11.11

13,750
13,750
13,750
13,750
13,750
13,750

13.75
13.75
13.75
13.75
13.75
13.75

29.00
29.00
29.00
29.00
29.00
29.00

174.74
130.96
143.47
159.10
180.99
193.50

0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35

0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.74
0.74
0.74
0.74
0.74
0.74

50
50
50
50
50
50

67.80
67.80
67.80
67.80
67.80
67.80

9,057
9057
9057
9057
9057
9057

0.019
0.014
0.016
0.018
0.020
0.021

0.078
0.059
0.064
0.071
0.081
0.087

Mechanical

Cat 789C
200
tonnes = 181.4

0
0
5,000
10,000
25,000
50,000

75,000
5,000
10,000
25,000
50,000
75,000

1.00
0.30
0.50
0.75
1.10
1.30

34.29
10.29
17.15
25.72
37.72
44.58

41.88
12.56
20.94
31.41
46.06
54.44

37.0
37.0
37.0
37.0
37.0
37.0

77.08
77.08
77.08
77.08
77.08
77.08

13.88
13.88
13.88
13.88
13.88
13.88

22,500
22,500
22,500
22,500
22,500
22,500

22.50
22.50
22.50
22.50
22.50
22.50

29.00
29.00
29.00
29.00
29.00
29.00

218.63
165.32
180.55
199.59
226.25
241.48

0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35

0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.74
0.74
0.74
0.74
0.74
0.74

50
50
50
50
50
50

67.80 11,686 0.019

67.80 11686 0.014
67.80 11686 0.015
67.80 11686 0.017
67.80 11686 0.019
67.80 11686 0.021

0.076
0.058
0.063
0.069
0.079
0.084

Mechanical

Cat 793D
240
tonnes = 217.7

0
0
5,000
10,000
25,000
50,000

75,000
5,000
10,000
25,000
50,000
75,000

1.00
0.30
0.50
0.75
1.10
1.30

38.28
11.48
19.14
28.71
42.11
49.76

49.97
14.99
24.98
37.48
54.96
64.96

46.0
46.0
46.0
46.0
46.0
46.0

95.83
95.83
95.83
95.83
95.83
95.83

16.33
16.33
16.33
16.33
16.33
16.33

25,500
25,500
25,500
25,500
25,500
25,500

25.50
25.50
25.50
25.50
25.50
25.50

29.00
29.00
29.00
29.00
29.00
29.00

254.91
193.14
210.79
232.85
263.74
281.39

0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35

0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.74
0.74
0.74
0.74
0.74
0.74

50
50
50
50
50
50

67.80 14,024 0.018

67.80 14024 0.014
67.80 14024 0.015
67.80 14024 0.017
67.80 14024 0.019
67.80 14024 0.020

0.074
0.056
0.061
0.068
0.077
0.082

Mechanical

Cat 797
380
tonnes = 344.7

0
0
5,000
10,000
25,000
50,000

75,000
5,000
10,000
25,000
50,000
75,000

1.00
0.30
0.50
0.75
1.10
1.30

52.37
15.71
26.18
39.28
57.61
68.08

47.61
14.28
23.80
35.71
52.37
61.89

66.0
66.0
66.0
66.0
66.0
66.0

137.50
137.50
137.50
137.50
137.50
137.50

24.93
24.93
24.93
24.93
24.93
24.93

35,000
35,000
35,000
35,000
35,000
35,000

35.00
35.00
35.00
35.00
35.00
35.00

29.00
29.00
29.00
29.00
29.00
29.00

326.40
256.42
276.41
301.41
336.40
356.40

0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35

0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.74
0.74
0.74
0.74
0.74
0.74

50
50
50
50
50
50

67.80 22,204 0.015

67.80 22204 0.012
67.80 22204 0.012
67.80 22204 0.014
67.80 22204 0.015
67.80 22204 0.016

0.060
0.047
0.051
0.055
0.062
0.065

Total

3.2

Pit Slope Angles

The impact of pit slopes on economic pit limits is obviously a function of depth.
Shallow pits will be relatively insensitive to slope angle, while deep pits must endure
a double hit, as any given slope acts through a greater vertical distance and higher
walls will, of necessity, have flatter slopes. Ignoring the influence of variations in
geology (slope sectors) and the number of ramp crossings in a wall can result in the
designed pit bottom being uneconomical and the total material contained in the
designed pit being considerably greater than that of the base cone.
As noted above, it is recommended that a set of initial cones should be run at
reasonable parameters, including a nominal fixed slope angle, say 40 degrees.
Much of the current software has the capability to project the geological data (rock
type) contained in the block model onto the resulting cone surface. As part of the
iterative nature of mine planning, these plots of wall geology should be given to the
rock mechanics experts for assessment and possibly revised slope angle
recommendations.
The final pit shell should be used to rough out a ramp system on the final pit wall.
This is not a design exercise all that is necessary is to define the number of ramp
crossings that are required for the various pit walls at the proposed ramp gradient.
Once the number of ramp crossings is known, the ramp-equivalent slope for any
given sector may be calculated as follows:

For a 300-meter depth, a recommended inter-ramp (IR) slope of 42 degrees,

and three 40-meter wide ramp crossings:
The horizontal component of the 300-meter high 42-degree slope is 333.2
meters.
Adding three ramps @ 40 meters increases the horizontal component to
453.2 meters.
The resulting ramp-equivalent slope angle is 33.5 degrees.

The resulting ramp-equivalent slopes (also including the results of the initial
geotechnical review) should be used in another pass at defining economic pit limits.
If the resulting shell is significantly different than the previous run, the geotechnical
review and ramp-equivalent slope calculation should be repeated. Such is the
iterative nature of mine planning.
Note that defining the location of ramps left on final pit walls may not be possible
without first designing the internal pushbacks.
The objective of the ramp-equivalent slope exercise is to have a designed ultimate
pit that is a reasonably close match to the base cone, both in terms of content and
geometry. Once this is realized, additional cone runs at the specified parameters

may be used with confidence for reserve sensitivity analysis and sterilization
analysis.

3.3

Minimum Mining Radius

Most software for economic pit analysis has a provision to specify a minimum
mining radius in the initial parameters. In theory, a minimum mining radius will
minimize the effect of the software diving on isolated high-grade blocks in the
model, which may result in areas where the impact of adding access would render
the contained material uneconomic. However, the use of a minimum mining radius
should be approached with caution and common sense, as there are drawbacks to
its use.
It is possible, in either a strata-bound or a structure-limited deposit for a minimum
mining radius to force pit limits beyond the strata or structural limits (know your
software!). Conversely, an economic (cone) run with no mining radius constraint
may result in deep bulls-eyes or rat holes which that are uneconomic due to
access considerations.
Initial cone runs should be done without the application of a minimum mining
radius. If bulls-eyes occur and there is an obvious flat area that contains them, limit
a subsequent cone run to an artificial bottom slightly below the elevation of the flat
area. If the upper pit limits do not change significantly, it is apparent that the
material in the bulls-eyes does NOT influence them. The lower benches containing
the bulls-eyes may then be examined using an appropriate mining radius, specified
to approximate the impact of access.

3.4

High-Grade Zones

Occasionally there will be a zone of high-grade material at lower levels of a deposit

and very detailed studies will be carried out regarding cutting/capping
assays/composites and variography. In this situation, a pragmatic approach is
mandated. Economic runs (cones) should be generated with the zone reasonably
interpreted and with the zone either eliminated from the grade model or limited to
the average grade of the deposit. If a pit is generated with the zone in place but not
with the zone eliminated/averaged, it is clear that the economic viability of the
project is entirely dependent on this high-grade material. Prudence dictates that
the purse strings on the exploration budget need to be loosened and more drilling is
absolutely necessary before proceeding any further with feasibility studies.
Similarly, there will also be situations in which it will be proposed to go after highgrade zones by underground methods in order to improve project cash flow by

10

accessing high-grade earlier in the project life. In this case, it is prudent to modify
the model to reflect the tonnage and grade remaining AFTER the underground
excavation and to make a cone run on the revised model to ascertain if there is a
viable open pit operation remaining.

11

4.0

Pit Design

4.1

General

In general, pit design should be based on:

Developing an extraction sequence that mines the highest net value material
first.

Minimum pushback design widths should be appropriate for the selected

mining equipment. This is a very subjective requirement which is a function
of local operating conditions, current practice on site, corporate philosophy,
and industry standards.

Pushbacks should be sized to yield a reasonable rate of advance as

dictated by the mining rate. Again, this is a somewhat subjective
requirement.
o Most porphyry copper operations prefer not to exceed an advance
rate of eight benches per year.
o Many gold operations have no qualms about advance rates in excess
of 20 benches per year.

Geotechnical input from day one. Slope angles should be increased

gradually over the mine life, reaching a maximum when final walls are
reached. This allows for refinement of operating techniques and the
geological interpretation. In many instances, IR slope angles are a function
of wall height and the full height of an internal pushback design rarely exists.
Consequently, proper assessment of internal or operating slope angles
requires a review of the operating geometries generated by a production
schedule.

Pushback designs must include sufficient access to extract material

efficiently and to maintain the pit in good operating order.
o Ramp widths must be appropriate for the largest trucks in the fleet.
o Ramp gradient should be the maximum permitted by operating
conditions (available road base material, weather conditions).
o The amount of access is a function of operating geometry, material
types/destinations, and the site-specific comfort level with temporary
access.

The mechanics of pit design are explained, to varying degrees, in most of the
software packages currently available.
However, there are some basic
fundamentals that either have either been overlooked or not explained in sufficient
detail to avoid problems. These areas include:

12

4.2

Design of initial access (access to the top of the first pushback) is often
overlooked or minimized in feasibility estimates.

Pushback designs should be balanced. The design/insertion of an oversized pushback in the mining sequence can have a very serious negative
effect on the mine plan/cash flow.

Attempting to low-ball project capital requirements by minimizing

preproduction stripping can result in significant operational problems.

A simple minimum mining rate calculation can identify potential problem

areas in the pushback design sequence before the production scheduling
effort is initiated.

As noted previously, much of the current mining software attempts to

SIMULTANEOUSLY address all the possible variables in the development
of a mine plan and this will automatically result in dumbing down to the
lowest common denominator, which may not be obvious. In other words, a
parameter that drives the mine plan has a good chance of NOT being THE
critical factor because it might be easily remedied. As an example,
warnings/indications that pushback redesign might be helpful may be hidden
in a mass of data. An iterative approach, utilizing tools such as the minimum
mining rate calculation and a stripped ore inventory calculation can identify
areas where a redesign and/or re-sequencing of the pushbacks might be
beneficial.

Access

The mechanics of haul road design are covered in many references, with one of the
best being the Bureau of Mines Information Circular 8758 (Design of Surface Mine
Haulage Roads A Manual, 1977).
A good rule of thumb for road design width is 4-1/2 times the operating width of the
largest truck used. This gives a running surface of 3-1/2 truck widths plus truck
width, each, for ditch and berm. Just about all trucks are designed to handle a ten
percent gradient with a full load and ten percent is becoming the design standard
unless there are conditions, such as road base material that becomes incurably
slippery when wet and/or hazardous weather conditions, that dictate prudence.
In many feasibility studies, the design of the initial access is not given appropriate
consideration. Road pioneering is expensive (particularly in mountainous terrain)
and the expenditure is right up front in the cash flow. Accordingly, the access
should be designed where it will do the most good. This usually means that the
bulk of the access should be within the ultimate pit limits and it should be designed
to access pit exit points (crushers, leach pads, waste dumps, etc.) so that it may be
used for haulage in addition to accessing the initial mining area.
13

In many operations, waste material is scheduled to be hauled laterally along the

contours to nearby dumps and the design of this access is left as an operating
problem. In areas where the topography is at or steeper than the angle of repose,
this operating problem entails substantial time, effort, and cost and should really
be included in the pushback design.
It should be noted that the practice of end dumping, which can result in high
dumps at the angle of repose, is no longer appropriate for many operations. In
many areas, regulations require final dump contours to be compatible with natural
contours OR to be configured at slopes of 2:1 or flatter. This can result in the
necessity of constructing the dumps from the bottom up, resulting in very significant
haulage costs and a rethinking of conventional haulage access.
In steep terrain, pioneering should be done ONCE. If Pushback 2 is behind
Pushback 1, the initial mining should include sufficient Pushback 2 material to leave
behind a platform of adequate size for the efficient deployment of equipment. This
moves some waste forward in time, but markedly improves operating efficiency.
The practice of utilizing muck ramps (drilling and shooting to full bench depth, but
digging to ramp grade) can be an efficient operating practice. However, it should
be remembered that this applies to inter-ramp (IR) slopes at, or flatter than, the
angle of repose. Employing muck ramps at steeper slopes will result either in a
narrowing of ramp width or not being able to get on the drill line for the bench
below.
It is always good practice for engineers to seek input from field supervisors. Many
of these people have been moving rock for many years and have surprising insight
in doing it efficiently.
Occasionally an aggressive pre-feasibility or feasibility study will include the
design of one-way ramps, with cut outs for passing at occasional intervals. If this is
what it takes to make the project economically viable, ALL economic parameters
need to be reviewed in detail. Chances are that the discount rate used in the
financial analysis is too low to account for the level of risk assumed.

4.3

Basic Concepts of Phase (Pushback) Design

I initially developed this in 1987, on an airplane using squared graph paper, to

explain the concept to a group of investment bankers who were not familiar with
mining. The description is as simple as I could make it at the time.
Internal to final pit limits, mining phases (pushbacks, slices, increments, etc.) are
designed under the following parameters:

14

Phases are necessary in order to minimize the time it takes to reach

a continuous, sustainable ore supply to the processing facility. Refer
to Figure 4-2 (if necessary) to view the impact of NO phases.

It is imperative to recognize that, for a given ore production rate and

cutoff grade strategy, there is a size for the Phase 1 (preproduction)
increment that is unique to that orebody. The smaller the deposit, the
more critical the Phase 1 sizing becomes.

Phases are designed (sequenced) to access areas of high net value

first, advancing sequentially into areas of progressively lower net
value.

The initial phase must expose sufficient ore to carry required

concurrent stripping at a reasonable rate.

All phases must have operating widths suited to efficient operation of

the mining equipment selected.

All phases must contain designed access sufficient to remove the

contained material and return access, as necessary, to the top of
subsequent phases.

Reserve tabulations for the designed phases are the basis for developing mine
production schedules.
It is obvious that phased reserves must be mined from top to bottom (ore at the
bottom cannot be mined until the covering waste is removed). Mining the upper
waste from the first phase (preproduction stripping) exposes a quantity of ore that
must last until the waste covering the ore in the second phase is removed. Ore
uncovered in the second phase must last until ore in the third phase is stripped.
Similarly through all the phases to the end of mine life.
For a given ore production rate, the waste mining necessary to maintain a
continuous ore supply may be determined through trial-and-error methods. This is
extremely time consuming and efficiency is better served by defining the required
total material mining rates BEFORE initiating the scheduling effort.
In order to provide a reference point for subsequent estimates, it is absolutely
necessary to know the absolute minimum mining rate(s) required to yield a
continuous ore supply to the processing facility. These rates are a function of
pushback design and are independent of equipment. Operationally, the minimum
mining rate(s) must be exceeded due to the necessity of rounding UP to whole
equipment units AND the establishment of a prudent stripped ore inventory.

15

With the recent advent of equipment optimization software, it is quite possible that,
due to changing economic conditions, optimizing the use of an existing equipment
fleet results in a total material mining rate that is considerably in excess of the
minimum required to assure a continuous ore supply. Equipment requirements
should be first estimated for the minimum mining rate and subsequently optimized.
Moving material because the existing equipment fleet has the capacity to do so is
not always economically sound.
To calculate minimum total material mining rates, the first requirement is a
tabulation of ore reserves for each phase in terms of ore and total material
tonnages by bench from the top down. Individual phased reserve tabulations are
reviewed to define the elevation (bench) at which a continuous ore supply is
attained. This elevation is usually intuitively obvious, but it will vary by phase and
by cutoff grade within each phase (higher cutoffs will lower the elevation at which
continuous ore is attained). The selected elevation is used to separate each phase
into Stripping and Ore+Internal Waste volumes and subtotals are calculated for
each volume.
Figure 4-1 is a schematic depicting phased reserves with development of total
material mining rate requirements. As shown, the preproduction stripping for Phase
1 is 47 blocks of waste and 2 blocks of ore, which exposes 10 blocks of ore. The 2
blocks of ore mined during the preproduction period is stockpiled at the time of
mining and fed later to the processing facilities at the inception of processing.
In order to maintain a continuous ore supply, the 35 blocks of waste and the 3
blocks of ore contained in the Phase 2 stripping increment must be mined
concurrently with the 10 blocks of ore exposed in Phase 1. As shown, the total of
15 ore blocks yield a depletion time (ore years) of 3.0 years if mined at the rate of 5
ore blocks per year. Mining the 50 blocks of total material in 3 years yields a
minimum mining rate of 16.7 blocks per year. Mining at less than this 16.7
block/year rate will result in a shortfall of ore to the processing facility.
The rate calculated by this procedure is by definition a MINIMUM total material
mining rate and the rate used for scheduling may have to be higher. The procedure
assumes that the ore distribution within each increment is constant and significant
deviations within the increments may require rate changes. It is usually prudent to
insert a cushion into the first configuration, with the size of the cushion a function of
the scale of operations. For a 3-year depletion time, a 3 to 6-month cushion is
appropriate. Adding a 6-month cushion means that the Phase 2 stripping is
completed 6 months before the Phase 1 ore is depleted. Reducing the ore years
by 6 months yields 2.5 years in which the 50 total material blocks must be mined,
increasing the total material mining rate from 16.7 blocks/year to 20.0 blocks/year.
Once this cushion is inserted, it remains for the duration of the life-of-mine
schedule. Note that any smoothing of the mining rate by advance stripping
automatically inserts an ore supply cushion, which is in addition to any cushion
manually inserted.

16

As shown in Figure 4-1, the basic total material mining rates are 3.0 years @ 16.7
blocks/year followed by 2.6 years @ 21.5 followed by 3.8 years @ 19.7 followed by
4.0 years @ 26.3 and ending with 2.6 years @ 5.4. These fluctuations in the total
material mining rate may be smoothed by advance stripping of waste. The 3.0
years @ 16.7 followed by 2.6 years @ 21.5 may be smoothed to 5.6 years @ 18.9.
Similarly, the 3.8 years @ 19.7 followed by 4.0 years @ 26.3 may be smoothed to
7.8 years @ 23.1. Note that the 2.6 years @ 21,5 followed by 3.8 years @ 19.7
CANNOT be smoothed as this would require deferral of waste.
Figure 4-2 has been included to answer the question Why are mining phases
necessary?
In Figure 4-3, additional smoothing has been implemented, resulting in the first 13.4
years being mined at a constant total material rate of 21.3 blocks per year. The
optimum degree of smoothing is a trade-off between moving waste (costs) forward
in time and purchasing equipment to cover mining rate spikes that may be of
shorter duration that the equipment life. Mine planning, of necessity, is an iterative
process.
Figures 4-4 and 4-5 deal with the concept of balanced phase designs. It is very
easy to design phases that do not schedule comfortably, particularly when
attempting to match phase limits with cone shells based on specific commodity
prices. The phases shown in Figure 4-4 integrate well and the resulting mining rate
calculation requires only minimal smoothing.
The phases in Figure 4-5, contained within the same ultimate pit as in Figure 4-4,
do not integrate well at all. Phase 1 is too small and does not expose sufficient ore
to carry the Phase 2 stripping at a reasonable rate. The total material mining rate of
1.4 years @ 35.7 blocks/year CANNOT be smoothed and buying or leasing mining
equipment for this short-term rate spike is probably not a viable option because a
re-design should solve the problem. In addition, Phase 3 is too small with respect
to Phases 2 and 4. While this disparity is readily dealt with by smoothing (advance
stripping), Phase 3 should be widened at the expense of Phase 4.

17

Figure 4-1
Total Material Mining Rate Derivation (1)

Surface Topography

PHASE 1
PHASE 2
Strip = 47 Waste + 2 Ore

Ore = 10

PHASE 3
Strip = 35 Waste
PHASE 4
+ 3 Ore
Strip = 43 Waste
PHASE 5
+ 2 Ore
Strip = 56 Waste
+ 4 Ore
Strip = 85 Waste
+ 3 Ore
Ore = 11

Continuous ore supply elevation (2)

One block =

Ore = 15

Ore =

Ore = 17

Waste = 1
Ore = 13

Required ore production rate is 5 blocks per year

Increment
Phase 1 Strip (PP)
From Stkpl
Phase 1 Ore+IW
Phase 2 Strip

Phase 2 Ore+IW
Phase 3 Strip

Phase 3 Ore+IW
Phase 4 Strip

Phase 4 Ore+IW
Phase 5 Strip

Phase 5 Ore+IW

Ore Years @
5 blocks/year

Total Blocks

Total Mtrl.
Mining Rate
Blocks/Year

Stockpiled

49

As Reqd (3)

3.0

2
10
38
50

16.7

2.6

11
45
56

21.5

3.8

15
60
75

19.7

17
3
20

4.0

17
88
105

26.3

13

2.6

14

5.4

Ore Blocks
2
2
10
3
15
11
2
13
15
4
19

Total Material Mining Rate

Smoothed by Advance Stripping
Total Mtrl.
Ore Years @
Mining Rate
5 blocks/year
Total Blocks
Blocks/Year
49

As Reqd (3)

5.6

106

18.9

7.8

180

23.1

2.6

14

5.4

COMMENTS:
(1) Preliminary mining rate calculations are utilized to develop an initial mine production schedule for review and discussion. Rates calculated by this procedure are
MINIMUM total material mining rates necessary to ensure ore continuity. Appropriate cushions may be added/assessed using the same procedure. A 6-month
cushion in the first configuration reduces the ore years from 3.0 to 2.5 and increases the mining rate from 16.7 to 20.0 blocks/year.
(2) The continuous ore elevation is defined by an examination of the phased reserve tabulations by descending bench. The elevation is used to subdivide each
phase into Stripping and Ore+Internal Waste volumes. Note that the elevation will vary by phase (as shown) and by cutoff grade within each phase (higher cutoffs
will lower the elevation at which continuous ore is attained).
(3) As shown, the peak (smoothed) total material mining rate is approximately 20 blocks per year and the preproduction stripping rate should be in the same vicinity.
Pioneering and initial access considerations could reduce the rate, while short haul distances could increase the rate. Acordingly, the preproduction stripping
period will be in the VICINITY of 49 blocks / 20 blocks/year = 2.45 years.
(4) Once a production schedule is developed from the above calculated mining rates, waste tonnnage may be shifted as necessary to optimize haul truck
requirements.

1994, 2003 G.S. Zimmer

Figure 4-2
Total Material Mining Rate Derivation (1)
(No Mining Phases)

Surface Topography

Unphased stripping = 202 blocks

Available after stripping:

Ore = 80 blocks
Waste = 65 blocks
Continuous ore supply elevation (2)
One block =

Ore =

Required ore production rate is 5 blocks per year

Increment
Stripping (PP)
Stripped
Ore & Internal Waste

Ore Blocks

Ore Years @
5 blocks/year

80
80

16.0

Total Blocks

Total Mtrl.
Mining Rate
Blocks/Year

202

As Reqd (3)

145
145

9.1

COMMENTS:
(1) Preliminary mining rate calculations are utilized to develop an initial mine production schedule for review and discussion.
(2) Elevation at which a continuous, sustainable ore supply is reached. Elevation subdivides deposit into an upper stripping section and a lower ore plus
internal waste section.
(3) Unless a contractor is utilized or sufficient equipment is purchased, the preproduction stripping period would be 202 blocks / 9.1 blocks/year = 22.2 years.
Note that the 22.2 years of stripping is obviously WITHOUT revenue.

1994, 2003 G.S. Zimmer

Figure 4-3
Total Material Mining Rate Derivation (5)
(Maximum smoothing)

Surface Topography

PHASE 1
PHASE 2
Strip = 47 Waste + 2 Ore

Ore = 10

PHASE 3
Strip = 35 Waste
PHASE 4
+ 3 Ore
Strip = 43 Waste
PHASE 5
+ 2 Ore
Strip = 56 Waste
+ 4 Ore
Strip = 85 Waste
+ 3 Ore
Ore = 11

Continuous ore supply elevation (6)

One block =

Ore = 15

Ore =

Ore = 17

Waste = 1
Ore = 13

Required ore production rate is 5 blocks per year

Increment
Phase 1 Strip (PP)
From Stkpl
Phase 1 Ore+IW
Phase 2 Strip

Phase 2 Ore+IW
Phase 3 Strip

Phase 3 Ore+IW
Phase 4 Strip

Phase 4 Ore+IW
Phase 5 Strip

Phase 5 Ore+IW

Ore Years @
5 blocks/year

Total Blocks

Total Mtrl.
Mining Rate
Blocks/Year

Stockpiled

49

As Reqd (7)

3.0

2
10
38
50

16.7

2.6

11
45
56

21.5

3.8

15
60
75

19.7

17
3
20

4.0

17
88
105

26.3

13

2.6

14

5.4

Ore Blocks
2
2
10
3
15
11
2
13
15
4
19

Total Material Mining Rate

Smoothed by Advance Stripping
Total Mtrl.
Ore Years @
Mining Rate
5 blocks/year
Total Blocks
Blocks/Year
49

As Reqd (7)

13.4

286

21.3

2.6

14

5.4

COMMENTS:
(5) Preliminary mining rate calculations are utilized to develop an initial mine production schedule for review and discussion. Rates calculated by this procedure are
MINIMUM total material mining rates necessary to ensure ore continuity. Appropriate cushions may be added/assessed using the same procedure. A 6-month
cushion in the first configuration reduces the ore years from 3.0 to 2.5 and increases the mining rate from 16.7 to 20.0 blocks/year.
(6) The continuous ore elevation is defined by an examination of the phased reserve tabulations by descending bench. The elevation is used to subdivide each
phase into Stripping and Ore+Internal Waste volumes. Note that the elevation will vary by phase (as shown) and by cutoff grade within each phase (higher cutoffs
will lower the elevation at which continuous ore is attained).
(7) As shown, the peak (smoothed) total material mining rate is approximately 20 blocks per year and the preproduction stripping rate should be in the same vicinity.
Pioneering and initial access considerations could reduce the rate, while short haul distances could increase the rate. Acordingly, the preproduction stripping
period will be in the VICINITY of 49 blocks / 20 blocks/year = 2.45 years.
(8) Once a production schedule is developed from the above calculated mining rates, waste tonnnage may be shifted as necessary to optimize haul truck
requirements.

1994, 2003 G.S. Zimmer

Figure 4-4
Concept of "Balanced" Phase Designs
Phase Designs Balanced

Surface Topography

PHASE 1
PHASE 2
Strip = 47 Waste + 2 Ore

Ore = 10

PHASE 3
Strip = 39 Waste
+ 4 Ore
Strip = 50 Waste
PHASE 4
+ 2 Ore
Strip = 66 Waste
+ 2 Ore
Ore = 12

Continuous ore supply elevation

One block =

Ore = 20
Waste = 1
Ore =18

Ore =

Required ore production rate is 5 blocks per year

Increment
Phase 1 Strip (PP)
From Stkpl
Phase 1 Ore+IW
Phase 2 Strip

Ore Years @
5 blocks/year

Total Blocks

Total Mtrl.
Mining Rate
Blocks/Year

Stockpiled

49

As Reqd

3.2

2
10
43
55

17.2

2.8

12
52
64

22.9

20
2
22

4.4

20
68
88

20.0

18

3.6

19

5.3

72

14.0

275

19.6

Ore Blocks
2
2
10
4
16

Total Material Mining Rate

Smoothed by Advance Stripping
Total Mtrl.
Ore Years @
Mining Rate
5 blocks/year
Total Blocks
Blocks/Year

6.0
Phase 2 Ore+IW
Phase 3 Strip

Phase 3 Ore+IW
Phase 4 Strip

Phase 4 Ore+IW

12
2
14

1994, 2003 G.S. Zimmer

49

As Reqd

119

19.8

Figure 4-5
Concept of "Balanced" Phase Designs
Phase Designs NOT Balanced

Surface Topography

PHASE 1
PHASE 2
Strip = 33 Waste + 2 Ore

PHASE 3
Strip = 43 Waste
+ 2 Ore

Ore = 3

Strip = 48 Waste
+ 3 Ore

PHASE 4
Strip = 78 Waste
+ 4 Ore

Ore = 18
Ore = 16
Continuous ore supply elevation
One block =

Waste = 1
Ore = 22

Ore =

Required ore production rate is 5 blocks per year

Increment

Ore Years @
5 blocks/year

Total Blocks

Total Mtrl.
Mining Rate
Blocks/Year

Stockpiled

35

As Reqd

1.4

2
3
45
50

35.7

4.2

18
51
69

16.4

16
4
20

4.0

16
82
98

24.5

22

4.4

23

5.2

72

14.0

275

19.6

Ore Blocks

Phase 1 Strip (PP)

From Stkpl
Phase 1 Ore+IW
Phase 2 Strip

2
3
2
7

Phase 2 Ore+IW
Phase 3 Strip

18
3
21

Total Material Mining Rate

Smoothed by Advance Stripping
Total Mtrl.
Ore Years @
Mining Rate
5 blocks/year
Total Blocks
Blocks/Year

8.2
Phase 3 Ore+IW
Phase 4 Strip

Phase 4 Ore+IW

35

As Reqd

167

20.4

COMMENTS:
(1) Phase 1 (preproduction) is too small and does not expose sufficient ore to carry the Phase 2 stripping at a reasonable mining rate.
(2) Phase 3 is also too small relative to Phases 2 and 4. While this is not a major problem (dealt with by advance stripping), Phase 3 should be widened
at the expense of Phase 4.

1994, 2003 G.S. Zimmer

4.4 Impact of Overly Minimizing the Volume of Preproduction

Stripping
For a small high-grade gold deposit, modeled on a six-meter bench height, a major
pit design/scheduling objective was to minimize the preproduction stripping
tonnage. Mining phases were designed at an absolute minimum width for the
equipment envisioned and the resulting phase geometry is summarized in the
schematic Figure 4-6.
Initial scheduling of the phased reserves yielded an attractive volume of
preproduction stripping, but necessitated subsequent production rates requiring the
mining of an average of 46 six-meter benches per year, or nearly one bench
(dropcut) per week. The operating inefficiencies associated with dropcutting would
seriously impact productivities and operating costs. The scenario is described in
Table 4-1.
The problem is obvious: The preproduction stripping does NOT expose an ore
supply sufficient to carry the required concurrent stripping at a reasonable
production rate (tonnes/year AND benches/year). A review of the schematic in
Figure 4-6 indicates that Phases 1 & 2 and Phases 3 & 4 could be combined, which
would expose more ore at the end of preproduction stripping (at the expense of the
preproduction volume required) and would smooth subsequent mining rates.
The advantages of combining Phases 1&2 and Phases 3 & 4 are described in
Table 4-2. As shown, preproduction stripping increases from 7,916 ktonnes to
25,496 ktonnes, but the subsequent smoothed total material mining rate drops from
26,403 ktpy to 21,441 ktpy. More significantly, the bench-mining rate drops from
46/year to 23/year.

18

Figure 4-6
Phase Design Schematic

Topography
Surface

PHASE 1
PHASE 2
PHASE 5

PHASE 3
PHASE 4

= Waste
= Ore

Table 4-1
Preliminary Minimum Mining Rate Calculations
Unsmoothed Mining Rate

Phase Increment

from

Benches
to
no.

Mill Ore
ktonnes g/t Au

Years @
3,240
ktpy

Dump Leach
ktonnes g/t Au

Rate
ktpy

Total Material
Rate
Bench
ktonnes
ktpy
/year

PP Strip

4398

4230

29

416

3.57

100

0.41

7,916

1
1
2

PP Stkpl
Ore & IW
Strip

4224
4398

4164
4218

11
31
42

416
2,073
824
3,313

3.57
3.08
3.52
3.25

1.02

100
432
495
1,027

0.41
0.48
0.34
0.41

1,004

516
5,417
17,580
23,513

13
31
44

2,171
671
2,842

3.27
2.93
3.19

0.88

588
830
1,418

0.44
0.40
0.42

1,617

4,828
17,438
22,266

9
25
34

1,527
86
1,613

2.95
2.09
2.90

0.50

459
54
513

0.39
0.34
0.38

1,030

3,743
9,067
12,810

19
27
46

3,081
966
4,047

2.72
3.02
2.79

1.25

960
707
1,667

0.47
0.41
0.44

28

11,920

2.43

3.68

2,238

0.42

2
3

3
4

4
5

Ore & IW
Strip

Ore & IW
Strip

Ore & IW
Strip

Ore & IW

4212
4350

4164
4368

4218
4314

4152

4140
4170

4116
4224

4110
4158

3990

22,995

11
30
41

25,384

15
35
50

25,731

18
50
68

1,335

8,778
28,916
37,694

30,178

15
22
37

608

31,441

8,546

Smoothed Mining Rate

Years @ Dump
Total
3,240
Leach Material Bench
ktpy
ktpy
ktpy
/year

3.65

1,268

26,403

46

3.68

608

8,546

Table 4-2
Preliminary Minimum Mining Rate Calculations
(Assumes that Phases 1 & 2 and 3 & 4 can be combined)
Unsmoothed Mining Rate

Phase Increment

from

Benches
to
no.

Mill Ore
ktonnes g/t Au

Years @
3,240
ktpy

Dump Leach
ktonnes g/t Au

Rate
ktpy

Total Material
Rate
Bench
ktonnes
ktpy
/year

1+2

PP Strip

4398

4224

30

1,240

3.54

595

0.35

25,496

1+2
1+2
3+4

PP Stkpl
Ore & IW
Strip

4218
4368

4140
4188

14
31
45

1,240
4,244
757
6,241

3.54
3.18
2.83
3.21

1.93

595
1,020
884
2,499

0.35
0.46
0.40
0.41

1,297

10,245
26,505
36,750

13
27
40

4,608
966
5,574

2.80
3.02
2.84

1.72

1,419
707
2,126

0.44
0.41
0.43

28

11,920

2.43

3.68

2,238

0.42

3+4
5

Ore & IW
Strip

Ore & IW

4182
4314

4152

4110
4158

3990

19,079

7
16
23

1,236

12,521
28,916
41,437

24,086

8
16
23

608

31,441

8,546

Smoothed Mining Rate

Years @ Dump
Total
3,240
Leach Material Bench
ktpy
ktpy
ktpy
/year

3.65

1,268

21,441

23

3.68

608

8,546

4.5

Stripped Ore Inventory

A valuable tool in the review and monitoring of mine plans is the concept of a
stripped ore inventory, which is a summary of the readily available (stripped) ore at
the end of each mining period. The tool may also be useful in identifying areas in
which pushback redesign may prove beneficial. In a pushback mining sequence,
stripping of an initial pushback exposes a continuous ore supply, which must be
mined concurrently with the stripping portion of the next pushback in order to
provide the processing facilities with a continuous ore supply.
The combination of the ore plus internal waste portion of an initial pushback with
the stripping portion of the succeeding pushback forms a mining increment in which
the total contained material must be mined by the time the contained ore is
exhausted. In other words, the increments contained ore divided by the ores
processing rate yields the increment depletion time. The contained total material
divided by the depletion time yields the mining rate for that increment.
It is prudent to have a cushion in the mining rate so that the stripping of the
succeeding pushback is completed before the depletion time for the contained ore.
The cushion is insurance against such incidents as:

Ore shortfall (problems with the model)

Unanticipated mining problems
Productivity issues
Slope stability issues
Labor problems
Recessions (short term decline in commodity process)

The magnitude of the cushion is both a function of the scale of operations and the
mode of ore processing. A large operation, in which it may take 3-5 years to mine a
pushback, will require a larger cushion than a much smaller operation. An ore
milling operation will require a larger cushion than a leaching operation. For a
large-scale porphyry copper milling operation, a cushion of six to 12-months is
appropriate. A larger cushion is not necessarily a bad thing - it just needs to be
recognized that all cushions have a cost in terms of advance stripping. At the onset
of crisis mode, the minimum stripped ore inventory is one of the first criteria that
should be reviewed.
When a pushback is stripped to a continuous ore supply elevation, the ore below
that elevation is added to the stripped ore inventory, which is drawn down until it is
either depleted or supplemented by the stripped ore from the next pushback. A plot
of the stripped ore inventory by mining period will yield a series of peaks and
valleys. The peaks are of no consequence, but the valleys are of significant
importance, as they show period in which problems might arise and also the
magnitude of the minimum stripped ore cushion. It is usually more meaningful to
19

express the stripped ore inventory in terms of time rather than tonnage (divide the
ore tonnes by the processing rate).
For simplicity, the example described below calculates and tracks the stripped ore
inventory for mill ore, only. In actual practice, defining stripped inventories for a
number of classifications that require either a continuous supply or delivery at a
specified time may be warranted. These categories might include:

Mill ores
o Hard ore
o Soft ore
o Mineralogy
o Co-product content
o Differential recovery
o Contaminants (clay, carbon, silica, lime, etc.)
Leach ore(s)
Waste having properties desirable for construction (aggregate, top dressing,
tailings dam, etc.)

As part of the development of mine production schedules, pushback reserve

tabulations are subdivided into stripping and ore plus internal waste increments.
The elevation (cutoff bench) at which the break is made is usually intuitively
obvious as a function of relative ore tonnage and the relative waste-to-ore ratios.
An example of the pushback reserve subdivision is shown in Table 4-3. Note that
moving the cutoff bench elevation up or down a bench or two is not usually
significant, but caution is advised. If the cutoff bench elevation is too high, the ore
in the bottom of the preceding pushback may be depleted while the while the ore
supply in the pushback just stripped is somewhat erratic. Conversely, if the cutoff
bench elevation is too low, the mining configuration will probably become ore
bound.
In Table 4-4, the pushback reserves are combined into mining increments, as
described above, and the minimum total material mining rates are calculated as a
function of the specified ore-processing rate. Note that total material rates slightly
in excess of those calculated are necessary to develop a production schedule as
the rate calculation assumes that the waste-to-ore ratio within each pushback
subdivision is uniform, which it obviously is not. Consequently, the Adjusted
Mining Rates were used to generate an unsmoothed mine production schedule,
which is summarized in Table 4-5 and detailed in Table 4-6.
A smoothed schedule was generated to demonstrate the effect of rate smoothing
on the exposed ore inventory. It is important to note that any smoothing of the total
material mining rate in the mine plan by advance stripping will automatically
increase the minimum stripped ore inventories. The smoothed production schedule
is summarized in Table 4-7 and detailed in Table 4-8.

20

Stripped ore inventories, calculated as described above for both production

schedules, are shown by year in Table 4-9. The minimum inventories in each
schedule are outlined. The shaded portions of the inventories in the smoothed
schedule show where ore at the bottom of earlier pushbacks is carried in inventory
beyond the time in which the stripped ore is available in the succeeding pushback.
The stripped ore inventories are graphically shown in Figure 4-7.
Note that the result of rate smoothing by advance stripping has an impact on
equipment selection, specifically when cable shovels are used. The unsmoothed
schedule, as shown in Table 4-7, essentially has two main working areas
throughout the mine life. The smoothed schedule (Table 4-7) has three main
working areas for most of the mine life. Even though the total material is the same
in each plan, the smoothed schedule will require more shovels than the
unsmoothed schedule as a function of operating geometry. The choices are to go
with a smaller shovel size than in the unsmoothed schedule and pay for it in
operating costs or under-utilize larger units with the penalty in capital cost.
Rate smoothing and/or increasing the magnitude of the minimum stripped ore
cushion has an additional adverse economic impact, which consists of moving
stripping (mining costs) forward in time and also displacing high-grade ore with
lower grade material (deferring product) in the early periods. This is demonstrated
in Table 4-10, which roughly compares the unsmoothed and smoothed schedules.
As a matter of procedure, it is recommended to use the unsmoothed schedule as a
base for subsequent equipment optimization. Realizing that this schedule is a
minimum and that tonnages need to be rounded UP to the nearest truck during
optimization should result in the most cost-effective mine plan. Optimizing
equipment from a smoothed schedule base will always add to minimum stripped
ore inventories, be they excessive or not.
As noted above, a six to 12-month minimum cushion would be appropriate for a
large-scale porphyry copper milling operation. If operating slope angles are
pushing the envelope, it is prudent to have the rock doctors run a probability
analysis to quantify both the probability of failure AND the expected magnitude
(tonnage) of the failures. It may be prudent to include the estimated time required
to clean up the failed material in the stripped ore cushion.
If the scheduled equipment productivities also push the envelope, it is prudent to
review the stripped ore cushion. The use of a constant (life-of-equipment average)
availability may result in a significant degradation of the stripped ore inventory later
in the mine life due to a production shortfall. This situation is unusual due to the
iterative nature of mine planning (a mine plan is not usually relevant for the length
of time required for this to happen), but it is something to be aware of.
It is obviously important for the mine planner and the individual responsible for the
mine plan to know how tight or loose the mine plan is in terms of stripped ore

21

inventory. Caution is advised with respect to sharing the stripped ore inventory
outside this select group if there is no corporate policy in place. Human nature is
such that an ambitious manager could make a name for himself by mandating that
any stripped ore cushion be eliminated from the mine plan. This will almost
certainly result in a reduced waste-to-ore ratio and a corresponding reduction in
operating costs. When disaster strikes, it is probable that this manager has moved
on to bigger and better things and three guesses who will be held responsible?

22

Table 4-3
Pushback Reserves
Pushback
1

Bench

Mill Ore
ktons
%TCu

Waste
ktons

W:O
Ratio

TotMtl
ktons

7400
7350
7300
7250
7200
7150
7100
7050
7000
6950
6900
6850
6800
6750
6700
6650
6600
Strip

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
12
131
121
21
30
4
109
566
1,142
2,047
4,183

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.370
0.396
0.330
0.392
0.345
1.222
0.404
1.387
0.417
0.513
0.592

0
0.00
118
0.00
264
0.00
330
0.00
672
0.00
1,042
0.00
613
0.00
1,608 134.00
3,952
30.17
6,515
53.84
7,821 372.43
8,268 275.60
8,274 ######
8,141
74.69
7,804
13.79
7,144
6.26
6,491
3.17
69,057
16.51

0
118
264
330
672
1,042
613
1,620
4,083
6,636
7,842
8,298
8,278
8,250
8,370
8,286
8,538
73,240

6550
6500
6450
6400
6350
6300
6250
6200
6150
6100
Ore+IW

3,267
4,911
5,854
5,947
5,448
5,685
5,760
5,937
6,000
5,069
53,878

0.562
0.664
0.613
0.847
0.720
0.746
0.915
1.064
0.854
0.884
0.800

5,665
4,964
3,880
3,471
2,787
2,149
1,827
335
0
0
25,078

1.73
1.01
0.66
0.58
0.51
0.38
0.32
0.06
0.00
0.00
0.47

8,932
9,875
9,734
9,418
8,235
7,834
7,587
6,272
6,000
5,069
78,956

Total

58,061

0.785

94,135

1.62

152,196

Pushback
2

Bench

Mill Ore
ktons
%TCu

Waste
ktons

W:O
Ratio

TotMtl
ktons

7700
7650
7600
7550
7500
7450
7400
7350
7300
7250
7200
7150
7100
7050
7000
6950
Strip

0
0
0
0
0
33
93
83
289
591
703
875
617
338
438
1,379
5,439

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.446
0.361
0.364
0.385
0.436
0.462
0.555
0.413
0.486
0.549
0.571
0.497

19
30
594
1,192
1,455
1,657
2,171
2,890
2,771
2,455
5,715
8,282
8,138
6,773
6,171
5,402
55,715

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
50.21
23.34
34.82
9.59
4.15
8.13
9.47
13.19
20.04
14.09
3.92
10.24

19
30
594
1,192
1,455
1,690
2,264
2,973
3,060
3,046
6,418
9,157
8,755
7,111
6,609
6,781
61,154

6900
6850
6800
6750
6700
6650
6600
6550
6500
6450
6400
6350
6300
6250
6200
Ore+IW

2,784
2,794
3,256
4,393
4,803
5,271
5,634
6,488
7,357
6,498
6,961
5,476
4,206
3,396
1,958
71,275

0.524
0.620
0.628
0.766
0.703
0.646
0.660
0.628
0.563
0.568
0.612
0.697
0.601
0.615
0.525
0.628

5,449
5,278
4,482
3,087
3,400
3,985
4,479
4,329
3,148
2,813
1,931
1,436
938
119
223
45,097

1.96
1.89
1.38
0.70
0.71
0.76
0.79
0.67
0.43
0.43
0.28
0.26
0.22
0.04
0.11
0.63

8,233
8,072
7,738
7,480
8,203
9,256
10,113
10,817
10,505
9,311
8,892
6,912
5,144
3,515
2,181
116,372

Total

76,714

0.618

100,812

1.31

177,526

Table 4-3 (Continued)

Pushback Reserves
Pushback
3

Bench

Mill Ore
ktons
%TCu

Waste
ktons

W:O
Ratio

TotMtl
ktons

7350
7300
7250
7200
7150
7100
7050
7000
6950
6900
6850
6800
6750
Strip

94
372
442
378
293
34
20
294
559
748
2,006
2,553
2,809
10,602

0.474
0.446
0.480
0.466
0.451
0.829
0.570
0.498
0.455
0.426
0.555
0.658
0.584
0.559

7
325
765
1,404
2,037
2,996
4,342
4,666
9,122
10,284
9,142
8,622
8,316
62,028

0.07
0.87
1.73
3.71
6.95
88.12
217.10
15.87
16.32
13.75
4.56
3.38
2.96
5.85

101
697
1,207
1,782
2,330
3,030
4,362
4,960
9,681
11,032
11,148
11,175
11,125
72,630

6700
6650
6600
6550
6500
6450
6400
6350
6300
6250
6200
6150
6100
6050
Ore+IW

4,092
4,635
3,918
5,487
6,027
6,155
6,228
5,991
5,726
5,487
3,195
3,805
2,689
1,602
65,037

0.825
0.726
0.701
0.593
0.604
0.577
0.593
0.632
0.570
0.558
0.602
0.562
0.542
0.547
0.617

7,635
7,187
7,778
6,481
6,440
4,909
3,867
3,063
2,693
1,922
1,666
1,054
671
264
55,630

1.87
1.55
1.99
1.18
1.07
0.80
0.62
0.51
0.47
0.35
0.52
0.28
0.25
0.16
0.86

11,727
11,822
11,696
11,968
12,467
11,064
10,095
9,054
8,419
7,409
4,861
4,859
3,360
1,866
120,667

Total

75,639

0.609

117,658

1.56

193,297

Pushback
4

Bench

Mill Ore
ktons
%TCu

Waste
ktons

W:O
Ratio

TotMtl
ktons

7350
7300
7250
7200
7150
7100
7050
7000
6950
6900
6850
6800
6750
6700
6650
6600
6550
6500
6450
6400
Strip

0
0
0
0
0
811
777
1,185
1,702
1,021
977
517
1,285
1,712
1,509
1,520
2,069
1,749
2,692
3,310
22,836

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.350
0.479
0.494
0.599
0.738
0.513
0.479
0.402
0.443
0.478
0.413
0.393
0.415
0.480
0.543
0.482

216
1,189
2,080
2,948
3,129
2,861
3,134
4,891
5,750
7,085
6,823
7,382
7,434
7,264
7,727
8,086
7,688
8,005
8,414
8,248
110,354

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.53
4.03
4.13
3.38
6.94
6.98
14.28
5.78
4.24
5.12
5.32
3.72
4.58
3.13
2.49
4.83

216
1,189
2,080
2,948
3,129
3,672
3,911
6,076
7,452
8,106
7,800
7,899
8,719
8,976
9,236
9,606
9,757
9,754
11,106
11,558
133,190

6350
6300
6250
6200
6150
6100
6050
6000
5950
5900
5850
Ore+IW

4,994
5,003
4,538
5,889
5,427
4,591
5,250
4,748
3,264
2,580
539
46,823

0.504
0.561
0.656
0.657
0.658
0.614
0.667
0.674
0.631
0.554
0.499
0.620

6,725
5,791
5,566
3,694
3,535
3,214
1,598
1,484
1,219
533
0
33,360

1.35
1.16
1.23
0.63
0.65
0.70
0.30
0.31
0.37
0.21
0.00
0.71

11,719
10,794
10,104
9,583
8,962
7,805
6,848
6,232
4,483
3,113
539
80,183

Total

69,659

0.575

143,714

2.06

213,373

Table 4-3 (Continued)

Pushback Reserves
Pushback
5

Bench

Mill Ore
ktons
%TCu

Waste
ktons

W:O
Ratio

TotMtl
ktons

7350
7300
7250
7200
7150
7100
7050
7000
6950
6900
6850
6800
6750
6700
6650
6600
6550
6500
Strip

4
0
0
0
0
0
0
8
53
40
124
145
102
0
2
2
362
1,116
1,958

0.511
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.416
0.320
0.447
0.368
0.378
0.753
0.000
0.849
0.481
0.673
0.493
0.518

508 127.00
690
0.00
1,219
0.00
1,474
0.00
521
0.00
1,188
0.00
1,872
0.00
2,394 299.25
2,975
56.13
3,063
76.58
3,236
26.10
3,793
26.16
4,310
42.25
5,177
0.00
5,232 ######
5,457 ######
5,422
14.98
5,007
4.49
53,538
27.34

512
690
1,219
1,474
521
1,188
1,872
2,402
3,028
3,103
3,360
3,938
4,412
5,177
5,234
5,459
5,784
6,123
55,496

6450
6400
6350
6300
6250
6200
6150
6100
6050
6000
5950
5900
Ore+IW

2,095
3,720
4,053
4,428
3,985
3,846
3,512
4,619
7,504
7,076
5,703
4,834
55,375

0.537
0.503
0.536
0.516
0.500
0.689
0.963
0.903
0.850
0.889
0.839
0.881
0.747

5,076
5,425
5,882
6,338
7,881
8,483
9,013
7,906
6,797
3,706
2,659
1,207
70,373

2.42
1.46
1.45
1.43
1.98
2.21
2.57
1.71
0.91
0.52
0.47
0.25
1.27

7,171
9,145
9,935
10,766
11,866
12,329
12,525
12,525
14,301
10,782
8,362
6,041
125,748

Total

57,333

0.739

123,911

2.16

181,244

Pushback
6

Bench

Mill Ore
ktons
%TCu

Waste
ktons

W:O
Ratio

TotMtl
ktons

7450
7400
7350
7300
7250
7200
7150
7100
7050
7000
6950
6900
6850
6800
6750
6700
6650
6600
6550
6500
6450
Strip

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11
13
436
67
177
72
293
117
22
1,044
1,128
1,041
1,339
5,760

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.335
0.332
0.399
0.538
0.482
0.373
0.519
0.374
0.544
0.558
0.508
0.617
0.515
0.525

24
184
463
1,235
2,737
3,063
2,712
2,525
2,648
2,681
2,192
2,405
2,046
1,736
1,463
1,367
833
3,191
4,442
5,434
5,055
48,436

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
240.73
206.23
5.03
35.90
11.56
24.11
4.99
11.68
37.86
3.06
3.94
5.22
3.78
8.41

24
184
463
1,235
2,737
3,063
2,712
2,525
2,659
2,694
2,628
2,472
2,223
1,808
1,756
1,484
855
4,235
5,570
6,475
6,394
54,196

6400
6350
6300
6250
6200
6150
6100
6050
6000
5950
5900
5850
5800
5750
Ore+IW

2,625
2,363
2,738
2,915
3,517
3,225
2,852
2,650
2,930
2,918
2,665
4,341
2,192
403
38,334

0.502
0.648
0.713
0.736
0.622
0.698
0.710
0.694
0.732
0.721
0.648
0.701
0.575
0.698
0.673

3,883
2,902
2,093
1,595
759
961
991
646
355
225
65
759
1,019
190
16,443

1.48
1.23
0.76
0.55
0.22
0.30
0.35
0.24
0.12
0.08
0.02
0.17
0.46
0.47
0.43

6,508
5,265
4,831
4,510
4,276
4,186
3,843
3,296
3,285
3,143
2,730
5,100
3,211
593
54,777

Total

44,094

0.654

64,879

1.47

108,973

Table 4-4
Minimum Total Material Mining Rate Calculation
Ore processing rate =

50,000

Increment

Benches
From
To
No.

Unsmoothed Mining Rate

Mill Feed
Total Material
ktons
%TCu Years
ktons
ktpy

PB1 Strip

7400

6600

17

4,183

0.592

73,240

Stockpile
PB1 Ore+IW
PB2 Strip

6550
7700

6100
6950

10
16
26

4,183
53,878
5,439
63,500

0.592
0.800
0.497
0.760

3.48

4,183
78,956
61,154
144,293

15
13
28

71,275
10,602
81,877

0.628
0.559
0.619

4.48

116,372
72,630
189,002

14
20
34

65,037
22,836
87,873

0.617
0.482
0.582

4.81

120,667
133,190
253,857

52,759

7.1

11
18
29

46,823
1,958
48,781

0.620
0.518
0.616

2.67

80,183
55,496
135,679

50,795

10.9

12
21
33

55,375
5,760
61,135

0.747
0.525
0.726

3.35

125,748
54,196
179,944

53,754

9.9

14

38,334

0.673

2.10

54,777

26,096

381,500

0.656

20.89

957,552

45,838

PB2 Ore+IW
PB3 Strip

PB3 Ore+IW
PB4 Strip

PB4 Ore+IW
PB5 Strip

PB5 Ore+IW
PB6 Strip

PB6 Ore+IW

6900
7350

6700
7350

6350
7350

6450
7450

6400

6200
6750

6050
6400

5850
6500

5900
6450

5750

Total (post PP)

164

stpd x

365.25 days/year = 18,263 ktpy

41,498

42,157

Benches
per Year

Adjusted Mining Rate

Mill Feed
Total Material
ktons
%TCu Years
ktons
ktpy
4,183

0.592

145,377

0.681

Benches
per Year

73,240

Smoothed Mining Rate

Mill Feed
Total Material
ktons
%TCu Years
ktons
ktpy

Benches
per Year

4,183

0.592

73,240

343,166

0.654

18.79

902,775
Use

48,044
49,000

8.0

7.5
7.96

333,295
Use

41,869
42,000

6.8

6.2

197,789

0.635

10.83

569,480
Use

52,582
53,000

8.9

6.7

38,334

0.673

2.10

54,777

26,096

6.7

38,334

0.673

2.10

54,777

26,096

6.7

7.9

381,500

0.656

20.89

957,552

45,838

7.9

381,500

0.656

20.89

957,552

45,838

7.9

Table 4-5
Unsmoothed Mine Production Schedule Summary
Period

Pushback

PP

4,183

0.592

69,057

16.51

73,240

Year 1

Stkpl
1
2

4,183
13,871
209
18,263

0.592
0.619
0.376
0.610

0
13,729
10,008
23,737

0.00
0.99
47.89
1.30

4,183
27,600
10,217
42,000

0
2

15,805
2,458
18,263

0.774
0.480
0.734

8,644
15,093
23,737

0.55
6.14
1.30

24,449
17,551
42,000

1
2

16,870
1,393
18,263

0.940
0.473
0.904

2,705
21,032
23,737

0.16
15.10
1.30

7,332
10,931
18,263

0.875
0.601
0.711

0
23,737
23,737

16,630
1,633
18,263

0.691
0.472
0.672

Year 2

Year 3

Year 4

Year 5

1
2

2
3

Mill Feed
ktons
%TCu

Waste
ktons

W:O
Ratio

TotMtl
ktons

Period

Pushback

Mill Feed
ktons
%TCu

Waste
ktons

W:O
Ratio

TotMtl
ktons

Year 11

3
4

14,749
3,514
18,263

0.604
0.433
0.571

8,050
26,687
34,737

0.55
7.59
1.90

22,799
30,201
53,000

Year 12

3
4

11,412
6,851
18,263

0.573
0.422
0.516

4,872
29,865
34,737

0.43
4.36
1.90

16,284
36,716
53,000

Year 13

3
4
5

19,575
22,425
42,000

8,096
10,102
65
18,263

0.552
0.510
0.344
0.528

1,989
21,596
11,152
34,737

0.25
2.14
171.57
1.90

10,085
31,698
11,217
53,000

Year 14

4
5

0.00
2.17
1.30

7,332
34,668
42,000

17,852
411
18,263

0.622
0.475
0.619

17,247
17,490
34,737

0.97
42.55
1.90

35,099
17,901
53,000

Year 15

4
5

13,816
9,921
23,737

0.83
6.08
1.30

30,446
11,554
42,000

16,781
1,482
18,263

0.652
0.537
0.642

8,301
26,436
34,737

0.49
17.84
1.90

25,082
27,918
53,000

Year 16

4
5
6

8,086
10,166
11
18,263

0.607
0.524
0.335
0.560

2,284
0.28
15,270
1.50
17,183 ######
34,737
1.90

10,370
25,436
17,194
53,000

Year 17

5
6

16,022
2,241
18,263

0.665
0.498
0.644

18,415
16,322
34,737

1.15
7.28
1.90

34,437
18,563
53,000

Year 18

5
6

14,755
3,508
18,263

0.873
0.543
0.810

19,806
14,931
34,737

1.34
4.26
1.90

34,561
18,439
53,000

Year 19

5
6

14,435
3,828
18,263

0.867
0.548
0.800

15,342
7,395
22,737

1.06
1.93
1.24

29,777
11,223
41,000

Year 20

18,263

0.690

6,241

0.34

24,504

Year 21

16,243

0.684

2,807

0.17

19,050

Total

385,686

0.655

645,108

1.67

1,030,794

Year 6

2
3

17,410
853
18,263

0.603
0.470
0.597

10,018
13,719
23,737

0.58
16.08
1.30

27,428
14,572
42,000

Year 7

2
3

17,515
748
18,263

0.621
0.426
0.613

5,669
18,068
23,737

0.32
24.16
1.30

23,184
18,816
42,000

Year 8

2
3

10,168
8,095
18,263

0.597
0.622
0.608

1,439
29,298
30,737

0.14
3.62
1.68

11,607
37,393
49,000

Year 9

3
4

17,405
858
18,263

0.698
0.357
0.682

20,103
14,634
34,737

1.16
17.06
1.90

37,508
15,492
53,000

Year 10

3
4

12,648
5,615
18,263

0.590
0.572
0.585

11,638
23,099
34,737

0.92
4.11
1.90

24,286
28,714
53,000

Table 4-6
Unsmoothed Mine Production Schedule
Period

Pushback

PP

Year 1

Stkpl

Year 2

Bench
7400
7350
7300
7250
7200
7150
7100
7050
7000
6950
6900
6850
6800
6750
6700
6650
6600

Mill Feed
ktons
%TCu

Waste
ktons

W:O
Ratio

0
0.00
118
0.00
264
0.00
330
0.00
672
0.00
1,042
0.00
613
0.00
1,608 134.00
3,952
30.17
6,515
53.84
7,821 372.43
8,268 275.60
8,274 ######
8,141
74.69
7,804
13.79
7,144
6.26
6,491
3.17
69,057
16.51

TotMtl
ktons

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
12
131
121
21
30
4
109
566
1,142
2,047
4,183

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.370
0.396
0.330
0.392
0.345
1.222
0.404
1.387
0.417
0.513
0.592

0
118
264
330
672
1,042
613
1,620
4,083
6,636
7,842
8,298
8,278
8,250
8,370
8,286
8,538
73,240

4,183

0.592

0.00

4,183

6550
6500
6450

3,267
4,911
5,693
13,871

0.562
0.664
0.613
0.619

5,665
4,964
3,100
13,729

1.73
1.01
0.54
0.99

8,932
9,875
8,793
27,600

7700
7650
7600
7550
7500
7450
7400
7350

0
0
0
0
0
33
93
83
209

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.446
0.361
0.364
0.376

19
30
594
1,192
1,455
1,657
2,171
2,890
10,008

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
50.21
23.34
34.82
47.89

19
30
594
1,192
1,455
1,690
2,264
2,973
10,217

18,263

0.610

23,737

1.30

42,000

6450
6400
6350
6300

161
5,947
5,448
4,249
15,805

0.613
0.847
0.720
0.746
0.774

780
3,471
2,787
1,606
8,644

4.84
0.58
0.51
0.38
0.55

941
9,418
8,235
5,855
24,449

7300
7250
7200
7150

289
591
703
875
2,458

0.385
0.436
0.462
0.555
0.480

2,771
2,455
5,715
4,152
15,093

9.59
4.15
8.13
4.75
6.14

3,060
3,046
6,418
5,027
17,551

18,263

0.734

23,737

1.30

42,000

Table 4-6 (Continued)

Unsmoothed Mine Production Schedule
Period

Pushback

Year 3

6300
6250
6200
6150

1,436
5,760
5,937
3,737
16,870

0.746
0.915
1.064
0.854
0.940

543
1,827
335
0
2,705

0.38
0.32
0.06
0.00
0.16

1,979
7,587
6,272
3,737
19,575

7150
7100
7050
7000

0
617
338
438
1,393

0.000
0.413
0.486
0.549
0.473

4,130
8,138
6,773
1,991
21,032

0.00
13.19
20.04
4.55
15.10

4,130
8,755
7,111
2,429
22,425

18,263

0.904

23,737

1.30

42,000

Year 4

Year 5

Year 6

Bench

Mill Feed
ktons
%TCu

Waste
ktons

W:O
Ratio

TotMtl
ktons

6150
6100

2,263
5,069
7,332

0.854
0.884
0.875

0
0
0

0.00
0.00
0.00

2,263
5,069
7,332

7000
6950
6900
6850
6800
6750

0
1,379
2,784
2,794
3,256
718
10,931

0.000
0.571
0.524
0.620
0.628
0.766
0.601

4,180
5,402
5,449
5,278
3,428
0
23,737

0.00
3.92
1.96
1.89
1.05
0.00
2.17

4,180
6,781
8,233
8,072
6,684
718
34,668

18,263

0.711

23,737

1.30

42,000

6800
6750
6700
6650
6600

0
3,675
4,803
5,271
2,881
16,630

0.000
0.766
0.703
0.646
0.660
0.691

1,054
3,087
3,400
3,985
2,290
13,816

0.00
0.84
0.71
0.76
0.79
0.83

1,054
6,762
8,203
9,256
5,171
30,446

7350
7300
7250
7200
7150
7100
7050

94
372
442
378
293
34
20
1,633

0.474
0.446
0.480
0.466
0.451
0.829
0.570
0.472

7
325
765
1,404
2,037
2,996
2,387
9,921

0.07
0.87
1.73
3.71
6.95
88.12
119.35
6.08

101
697
1,207
1,782
2,330
3,030
2,407
11,554

18,263

0.672

23,737

1.30

42,000

6600
6550
6500
6450

2,753
6,488
7,357
812
17,410

0.660
0.628
0.563
0.568
0.603

2,189
4,329
3,148
352
10,018

0.80
0.67
0.43
0.43
0.58

4,942
10,817
10,505
1,164
27,428

7050
7000
6950

0
294
559
853

0.000
0.498
0.455
0.470

1,955
4,666
7,098
13,719

0.00
15.87
12.70
16.08

1,955
4,960
7,657
14,572

18,263

0.597

23,737

1.30

42,000

Table 4-6 (Continued)

Unsmoothed Mine Production Schedule
Period

Pushback

Year 7

6450
6400
6350

5,686
6,961
4,868
17,515

0.568
0.612
0.697
0.621

2,461
1,931
1,277
5,669

0.43
0.28
0.26
0.32

8,147
8,892
6,145
23,184

6950
6900
6850

0
748
0
748

0.000
0.426
0.000
0.426

2,024
10,284
5,760
18,068

0.00
13.75
0.00
24.16

2,024
11,032
5,760
18,816

18,263

0.613

23,737

1.30

42,000

Year 8

Year 9

Year 10

Bench

Mill Feed
ktons
%TCu

Waste
ktons

W:O
Ratio

TotMtl
ktons

6350
6300
6250
6200

608
4,206
3,396
1,958
10,168

0.697
0.601
0.615
0.525
0.597

159
938
119
223
1,439

0.26
0.22
0.04
0.11
0.14

767
5,144
3,515
2,181
11,607

6850
6800
6750
6700
6650

2,006
2,553
2,809
727
0
8,095

0.555
0.658
0.584
0.825
0.825
0.622

3,382
8,622
8,316
7,635
1,343
29,298

1.69
3.38
2.96
10.50
0.00
3.62

5,388
11,175
11,125
8,362
1,343
37,393

18,263

0.608

30,737

1.68

49,000

6700
6650
6600
6550

3,365
4,635
3,918
5,487
17,405

0.825
0.726
0.701
0.593
0.698

0
5,844
7,778
6,481
20,103

0.00
1.26
1.99
1.18
1.16

3,365
10,479
11,696
11,968
37,508

7350
7300
7250
7200
7150
7100
7050

0
0
0
0
0
811
47
858

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.350
0.479
0.357

216
1,189
2,080
2,948
3,129
2,861
2,211
14,634

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.53
47.04
17.06

216
1,189
2,080
2,948
3,129
3,672
2,258
15,492

18,263

0.682

34,737

1.90

53,000

6500
6450
6400

6,027
6,155
466
12,648

0.604
0.577
0.593
0.590

6,440
4,909
289
11,638

1.07
0.80
0.62
0.92

12,467
11,064
755
24,286

7050
7000
6950
6900
6850

730
1,185
1,702
1,021
977
5,615

0.479
0.494
0.599
0.738
0.513
0.572

923
4,891
5,750
7,085
4,450
23,099

1.26
4.13
3.38
6.94
4.55
4.11

1,653
6,076
7,452
8,106
5,427
28,714

18,263

0.585

34,737

1.90

53,000

Table 4-6 (Continued)

Unsmoothed Mine Production Schedule
Period

Pushback

Year 11

6400
6350
6300

5,762
5,991
2,996
14,749

0.593
0.632
0.570
0.604

3,578
3,063
1,409
8,050

0.62
0.51
0.47
0.55

9,340
9,054
4,405
22,799

6850
6800
6750
6700
6650

0
517
1,285
1,712
0
3,514

0.000
0.479
0.402
0.443
0.000
0.433

2,373
7,382
7,434
7,264
2,234
26,687

0.00
14.28
5.79
4.24
0.00
7.59

2,373
7,899
8,719
8,976
2,234
30,201

18,263

0.571

34,737

1.90

53,000

Year 12

Year 13

Bench

Mill Feed
ktons
%TCu

Waste
ktons

W:O
Ratio

TotMtl
ktons

6300
6250
6200

2,730
5,487
3,195
11,412

0.570
0.558
0.602
0.573

1,284
1,922
1,666
4,872

0.47
0.35
0.52
0.43

4,014
7,409
4,861
16,284

6650
6600
6550
6500
6450

1,509
1,520
2,069
1,749
4
6,851

0.478
0.413
0.393
0.415
0.480
0.422

5,493
8,086
7,688
8,005
593
29,865

3.64
5.32
3.72
4.58
148.25
4.36

7,002
9,606
9,757
9,754
597
36,716

18,263

0.516

34,737

1.90

53,000

6150
6100
6050

3,805
2,689
1,602
8,096

0.562
0.542
0.547
0.552

1,054
671
264
1,989

0.28
0.25
0.16
0.25

4,859
3,360
1,866
10,085

6450
6400
6350

2,688
3,310
4,104
10,102

0.480
0.543
0.504
0.510

7,821
8,248
5,527
21,596

2.91
2.49
1.35
2.14

10,509
11,558
9,631
31,698

7350
7300
7250
7200
7150
7100
7050
7000
6950

4
0
0
0
0
0
0
8
53
65

0.511
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.416
0.320
0.344

508
690
1,219
1,474
521
1,188
1,872
2,394
1,286
11,152

127.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
299.25
24.26
171.57

512
690
1,219
1,474
521
1,188
1,872
2,402
1,339
11,217

18,263

0.528

34,737

1.90

53,000

Table 4-6 (Continued)

Unsmoothed Mine Production Schedule
Period

Pushback

Year 14

6350
6300
6250
6200
6150

890
5,003
4,538
5,889
1,532
17,852

0.504
0.561
0.656
0.657
0.658
0.622

1,198
5,791
5,566
3,694
998
17,247

1.35
1.16
1.23
0.63
0.65
0.97

2,088
10,794
10,104
9,583
2,530
35,099

6950
6900
6850
6800
6750
6700

0
40
124
145
102
0
411

0.000
0.447
0.368
0.378
0.753
0.000
0.475

1,689
3,063
3,236
3,793
4,310
1,399
17,490

0.00
76.58
26.10
26.16
42.25
0.00
42.55

1,689
3,103
3,360
3,938
4,412
1,399
17,901

18,263

0.619

34,737

1.90

53,000

2,537
3,214
1,598
952
8,301

0.65
0.70
0.30
0.31
0.49

6,432
7,805
6,848
3,997
25,082

Year 15

Year 16

Bench

Mill Feed
ktons
%TCu

Waste
ktons

W:O
Ratio

TotMtl
ktons

6150
6100
6050
6000

3,895
4,591
5,250
3,045
16,781

0.658
0.614
0.667
0.674
0.652

6700
6650
6600
6550
6500
6450

0
2
2
362
1,116
0
1,482

0.000
0.849
0.481
0.673
0.493
0.000
0.537

3,778
0.00
5,232 ######
5,457 ######
5,422
14.98
5,007
4.49
1,540
0.00
26,436
17.84

3,778
5,234
5,459
5,784
6,123
1,540
27,918

18,263

0.642

34,737

1.90

53,000

6000
5950
5900
5850

1,703
3,264
2,580
539
8,086

0.674
0.631
0.554
0.499
0.607

532
1,219
533
0
2,284

0.31
0.37
0.21
0.00
0.28

2,235
4,483
3,113
539
10,370

6450
6400
6350
6300

2,095
3,720
4,053
298
10,166

0.537
0.503
0.536
0.516
0.524

3,536
5,425
5,882
427
15,270

1.69
1.46
1.45
1.43
1.50

5,631
9,145
9,935
725
25,436

7450
7400
7350
7300
7250
7200
7150
7100
7050
7000

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11
0
11

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.335
0.000
0.335

24
0.00
184
0.00
463
0.00
1,235
0.00
2,737
0.00
3,063
0.00
2,712
0.00
2,525
0.00
2,648 240.73
1,592
0.00
17,183 ######

24
184
463
1,235
2,737
3,063
2,712
2,525
2,659
1,592
17,194

18,263

0.560

34,737

53,000

1.90

Table 4-6 (Continued)

Unsmoothed Mine Production Schedule
Period

Pushback

Year 17

6300
6250
6200
6150
6100

4,130
3,985
3,846
3,512
549
16,022

0.516
0.500
0.689
0.963
0.903
0.665

5,911
7,881
4,623
0
0
18,415

1.43
1.98
1.20
0.00
0.00
1.15

10,041
11,866
8,469
3,512
549
34,437

7000
6950
6900
6850
6800
6750
6700
6650
6600

13
436
67
177
72
293
117
22
1,044
2,241

0.332
0.399
0.538
0.482
0.373
0.519
0.374
0.544
0.558
0.498

1,089
2,192
2,405
2,046
1,736
1,463
1,367
833
3,191
16,322

83.77
5.03
35.90
11.56
24.11
4.99
11.68
37.86
3.06
7.28

1,102
2,628
2,472
2,223
1,808
1,756
1,484
855
4,235
18,563

18,263

0.644

34,737

1.90

53,000

Year 18

Year 19

Bench

Mill Feed
ktons
%TCu

Waste
ktons

W:O
Ratio

TotMtl
ktons

6200
6150
6100
6050
6000

0
0
4,070
7,504
3,181
14,755

0.000
0.000
0.903
0.850
0.889
0.873

3,860
9,013
6,933
0
0
19,806

0.00
0.00
1.70
0.00
0.00
1.34

3,860
9,013
11,003
7,504
3,181
34,561

6550
6500
6450

1,128
1,041
1,339
3,508

0.508
0.617
0.515
0.543

4,442
5,434
5,055
14,931

3.94
5.22
3.78
4.26

5,570
6,475
6,394
18,439

18,263

0.810

34,737

1.90

53,000

6100
6050
6000
5950
5900

0
0
3,895
5,703
4,837
14,435

0.000
0.000
0.889
0.839
0.881
0.867

973
6,797
3,706
2,659
1,207
15,342

0.00
0.00
0.95
0.47
0.25
1.06

973
6,797
7,601
8,362
6,044
29,777

6400
6350
6300

2,625
1,203
0
3,828

0.502
0.648
0.000
0.548

3,883
2,902
610
7,395

1.48
2.41
0.00
1.93

6,508
4,105
610
11,223

18,263

0.800

22,737

1.24

41,000

Year 20

6350
6300
6250
6200
6150
6100
6050

1,160
2,738
2,915
3,517
3,225
2,852
1,856
18,263

0.648
0.713
0.736
0.622
0.698
0.710
0.694
0.690

0
1,483
1,595
759
961
991
452
6,241

0.00
0.54
0.55
0.22
0.30
0.35
0.24
0.34

1,160
4,221
4,510
4,276
4,186
3,843
2,308
24,504

Year 21

6050
6000
5950
5900
5850
5800
5750

794
2,930
2,918
2,665
4,341
2,192
403
16,243

0.694
0.732
0.721
0.648
0.701
0.575
0.698
0.684

194
355
225
65
759
1,019
190
2,807

0.24
0.12
0.08
0.02
0.17
0.46
0.47
0.17

988
3,285
3,143
2,730
5,100
3,211
593
19,050

Table 4-7
Smoothed Mine Production Schedule Summary
Period

Pushback

PP

4,183

0.592

69,057

16.51

73,240

Year 1

Stkpl
1
2

4,183
12,991
1,089
18,263

0.592
0.619
0.411
0.601

0
13,819
16,918
30,737

0.00
1.06
15.54
1.68

4,183
26,810
18,007
49,000

1
2

16,068
2,195
18,263

0.766
0.485
0.732

8,321
22,416
30,737

0.52
10.21
1.68

14,475
2,155
1,633
18,263

0.949
0.553
0.472
0.860

2,938
16,381
11,418
30,737

10,344
7,066
853
18,263

0.869
0.584
0.470
0.740

Year 2

Year 3

Year 4

1
2
3

1
2
3

Mill Feed
ktons
%TCu

Waste
ktons

W:O
Ratio

TotMtl
ktons

Period

Pushback

Mill Feed
ktons
%TCu

Waste
ktons

W:O
Ratio

TotMtl
ktons

Year 11

3
4

13,447
4,816
18,263

0.589
0.420
0.544

10,307
20,430
30,737

0.77
4.24
1.68

23,754
25,246
49,000

Year 12

3
4
5

24,389
24,611
49,000

13,232
4,926
105
18,263

0.591
0.522
0.383
0.571

5,128
9,705
15,904
30,737

0.39
1.97
151.47
1.68

18,360
14,631
16,009
49,000

Year 13

0.20
7.60
6.99
1.68

17,413
18,536
13,051
49,000

3
4
5

9,908
7,984
371
18,263

0.574
0.525
0.478
0.551

3,739
6,518
20,480
30,737

0.38
0.82
55.20
1.68

13,647
14,502
20,851
49,000

Year 14

0
12,775
17,962
30,737

0.00
1.81
21.06
1.68

10,344
19,841
18,815
49,000

3
4
5

4,291
12,904
1,068
18,263

0.544
0.642
0.555
0.614

935
14,314
15,488
30,737

0.22
1.11
14.50
1.68

5,226
27,218
16,556
49,000

Year 15

4
5
6

12,034
6,229
0
18,263

0.643
0.514
0.000
0.599

4,736
12,167
13,834
30,737

0.39
1.95
0.00
1.68

16,770
18,396
13,834
49,000

Year 16

4
5
6

10,782
6,412
1,069
18,263

0.659
0.529
0.451
0.601

3,546
12,911
14,280
30,737

0.33
2.01
13.36
1.68

14,328
19,323
15,349
49,000

Year 5

2
3

15,509
2,754
18,263

0.696
0.520
0.669

12,357
18,380
30,737

0.80
6.67
1.68

27,866
21,134
49,000

Year 6

2
3

12,901
5,362
18,263

0.643
0.619
0.636

12,505
18,232
30,737

0.97
3.40
1.68

25,406
23,594
49,000

Year 7

2
3
4

11,079
5,596
1,588
18,263

0.565
0.798
0.413
0.623

1,634
9,967
19,136
30,737

0.15
1.78
12.05
1.68

12,713
15,563
20,724
49,000

Year 17

4
5
6

3,119
11,792
3,352
18,263

0.544
0.639
0.553
0.607

533
14,937
15,267
30,737

0.17
1.27
4.55
1.68

3,652
26,729
18,619
49,000

Year 8

2
3
4

9,684
4,671
3,908
18,263

0.600
0.718
0.603
0.631

3,110
7,912
19,715
30,737

0.32
1.69
5.04
1.68

12,794
12,583
23,623
49,000

Year 18

5
6

11,936
6,327
18,263

0.886
0.559
0.773

18,897
11,840
30,737

1.58
1.87
1.68

30,833
18,167
49,000

Year 19
Year 9

2
3

9,682
5,275

0.655
0.642

2,374
6,188

0.25
1.17

12,056
11,463

5
6

5,868
12,395
18,263

0.877
0.689
0.749

8,329
5,408
13,737

1.42
0.44
0.75

14,197
17,803
32,000

3,306
18,263

0.453
0.615

22,175
30,737

6.71
1.68

25,481
49,000

Year 20

5
6

8,718
9,545
18,263

0.856
0.714
0.782

3,591
2,182
5,773

0.41
0.23
0.32

12,309
11,727
24,036

5,354

0.582

342

0.06

5,696
Year 21

3
4

8,617
4,292
18,263

0.601
0.444
0.558

7,490
22,905
30,737

0.87
5.34
1.68

16,107
27,197
49,000

5
6

4,834
11,406
16,240

0.881
0.667
0.731

1,207
2,068
3,275

0.25
0.18
0.20

6,041
13,474
19,515

Total

385,683

0.655

645,108

Year 10

1.67 1,030,791

Table 4-8
Smoothed Mine Production Schedule
Period

Pushback

PP

Year 1

Stkpl

Year 2

Bench
7400
7350
7300
7250
7200
7150
7100
7050
7000
6950
6900
6850
6800
6750
6700
6650
6600

Mill Feed
ktons
%TCu

Waste
ktons

W:O
Ratio

0
0.00
118
0.00
264
0.00
330
0.00
672
0.00
1,042
0.00
613
0.00
1,608 134.00
3,952
30.17
6,515
53.84
7,821 372.43
8,268 275.60
8,274 ######
8,141
74.69
7,804
13.79
7,144
6.26
6,491
3.17
69,057
16.51

TotMtl
ktons

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
12
131
121
21
30
4
109
566
1,142
2,047
4,183

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.370
0.396
0.330
0.392
0.345
1.222
0.404
1.387
0.417
0.513
0.592

0
118
264
330
672
1,042
613
1,620
4,083
6,636
7,842
8,298
8,278
8,250
8,370
8,286
8,538
73,240

4,183

0.592

0.00

4,183

6550
6500
6450

3,267
4,911
4,813
12,991

0.562
0.664
0.613
0.619

5,665
4,964
3,190
13,819

1.73
1.01
0.66
1.06

8,932
9,875
8,003
26,810

7700
7650
7600
7550
7500
7450
7400
7350
7300
7250
7200

0
0
0
0
0
33
93
83
289
591
0
1,089

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.446
0.361
0.364
0.385
0.436
0.000
0.411

19
30
594
1,192
1,455
1,657
2,171
2,890
2,771
2,455
1,684
16,918

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
50.21
23.34
34.82
9.59
4.15
0.00
15.54

19
30
594
1,192
1,455
1,690
2,264
2,973
3,060
3,046
1,684
18,007

18,263

0.601

30,737

1.68

49,000

6450
6400
6350
6300

1,041
5,947
5,448
3,632
16,068

0.613
0.847
0.720
0.746
0.766

690
3,471
2,787
1,373
8,321

0.66
0.58
0.51
0.38
0.52

1,731
9,418
8,235
5,005
24,389

7200
7150
7100
7050

703
875
617
0
2,195

0.462
0.555
0.413
0.000
0.485

4,031
8,282
8,138
1,965
22,416

5.73
9.47
13.19
0.00
10.21

4,734
9,157
8,755
1,965
24,611

18,263

0.732

30,737

1.68

49,000

Table 4-8 (Continued)

Smoothed Mine Production Schedule
Period

Pushback

Year 3

6300
6250
6200
6150

2,053
5,760
5,937
725
14,475

0.746
0.915
1.064
0.854
0.949

776
1,827
335
0
2,938

0.38
0.32
0.06
0.00
0.20

2,829
7,587
6,272
725
17,413

7050
7000
6950

338
438
1,379
2,155

0.486
0.549
0.571
0.553

4,808
6,171
5,402
16,381

14.22
14.09
3.92
7.60

5,146
6,609
6,781
18,536

7350
7300
7250
7200
7150
7100
7050

94
372
442
378
293
34
20
1,633

0.474
0.446
0.480
0.466
0.451
0.829
0.570
0.472

7
325
765
1,404
2,037
2,996
3,884
11,418

0.07
0.87
1.73
3.71
6.95
88.12
194.20
6.99

101
697
1,207
1,782
2,330
3,030
3,904
13,051

18,263

0.860

30,737

1.68

49,000

Year 4

Year 5

Bench

Mill Feed
ktons
%TCu

Waste
ktons

W:O
Ratio

TotMtl
ktons

6150
6100

5,275
5,069
10,344

0.854
0.884
0.869

0
0
0

0.00
0.00
0.00

5,275
5,069
10,344

6900
6850
6800

2,784
2,794
1,488
7,066

0.524
0.620
0.628
0.584

5,449
5,278
2,048
12,775

1.96
1.89
1.38
1.81

8,233
8,072
3,536
19,841

7050
7000
6950
6900

0
294
559
0
853

0.000
0.498
0.455
0.000
0.470

458
4,666
9,122
3,716
17,962

0.00
15.87
16.32
0.00
21.06

458
4,960
9,681
3,716
18,815

18,263

0.740

30,737

1.68

49,000

6800
6750
6700
6650

1,768
4,393
4,803
4,545
15,509

0.628
0.766
0.703
0.646
0.696

2,434
3,087
3,400
3,436
12,357

1.38
0.70
0.71
0.76
0.80

4,202
7,480
8,203
7,981
27,866

6900
6850
6800

748
2,006
0
2,754

0.426
0.555
0.000
0.520

6,568
9,142
2,670
18,380

8.78
4.56
0.00
6.67

7,316
11,148
2,670
21,134

18,263

0.669

30,737

1.68

49,000

Table 4-8 (Continued)

Smoothed Mine Production Schedule
Period

Pushback

Year 6

6650
6600
6550
6500

726
5,634
6,488
53
12,901

0.646
0.660
0.628
0.563
0.643

549
4,479
4,329
3,148
12,505

0.76
0.79
0.67
59.40
0.97

1,275
10,113
10,817
3,201
25,406

6800
6750
6700

2,553
2,809
0
5,362

0.658
0.584
0.000
0.619

5,952
8,316
3,964
18,232

2.33
2.96
0.00
3.40

8,505
11,125
3,964
23,594

18,263

0.636

30,737

1.68

49,000

Year 7

Year 8

Year 9

Bench

Mill Feed
ktons
%TCu

Waste
ktons

W:O
Ratio

TotMtl
ktons

6500
6450

7,304
3,775
11,079

0.563
0.568
0.565

0
1,634
1,634

0.00
0.43
0.15

7,304
5,409
12,713

6700
6650

4,092
1,504
5,596

0.825
0.726
0.798

3,671
6,296
9,967

0.90
4.19
1.78

7,763
7,800
15,563

7350
7300
7250
7200
7150
7100
7050
7000

0
0
0
0
0
811
777
0
1,588

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.350
0.479
0.000
0.413

216
1,189
2,080
2,948
3,129
2,861
3,134
3,579
19,136

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.53
4.03
0.00
12.05

216
1,189
2,080
2,948
3,129
3,672
3,911
3,579
20,724

18,263

0.623

30,737

1.68

49,000

6450
6400

2,723
6,961
9,684

0.568
0.612
0.600

1,179
1,931
3,110

0.43
0.28
0.32

3,902
8,892
12,794

6650
6600

3,131
1,540
4,671

0.726
0.701
0.718

891
7,021
7,912

0.28
4.56
1.69

4,022
8,561
12,583

7000
6950
6900
6850

1,185
1,702
1,021
0
3,908

0.494
0.599
0.738
0.000
0.603

1,312
5,750
7,085
5,568
19,715

1.11
3.38
6.94
0.00
5.04

2,497
7,452
8,106
5,568
23,623

18,263

0.631

30,737

1.68

49,000

6350
6300

5,476
4,206
9,682

0.697
0.601
0.655

1,436
938
2,374

0.26
0.22
0.25

6,912
5,144
12,056

6600
6550

2,378
2,897
5,275

0.701
0.593
0.642

757
5,431
6,188

0.32
1.87
1.17

3,135
8,328
11,463

6850
6800
6750
6700

977
517
1,285
527
3,306

0.513
0.479
0.402
0.443
0.453

1,255
7,382
7,434
6,104
22,175

1.28
14.28
5.79
11.58
6.71

2,232
7,899
8,719
6,631
25,481

18,263

0.615

30,737

1.68

49,000

Table 4-8 (Continued)

Smoothed Mine Production Schedule
Period

Pushback

Year 10

6250
6200

3,396
1,958
5,354

0.615
0.525
0.582

119
223
342

0.04
0.11
0.06

3,515
2,181
5,696

6550
6500

2,590
6,027
8,617

0.593
0.604
0.601

1,050
6,440
7,490

0.41
1.07
0.87

3,640
12,467
16,107

6700
6650
6600
6550

1,185
1,509
1,520
78
4,292

0.443
0.478
0.413
0.393
0.444

1,160
7,727
8,086
5,932
22,905

0.98
5.12
5.32
76.05
5.34

2,345
9,236
9,606
6,010
27,197

18,263

0.558

30,737

1.68

49,000

Year 11

Year 12

Year 13

Bench

Mill Feed
ktons
%TCu

Waste
ktons

W:O
Ratio

TotMtl
ktons

6450
6400
6350

6,155
6,228
1,064
13,447

0.577
0.593
0.632
0.589

4,909
3,867
1,531
10,307

0.80
0.62
1.44
0.77

11,064
10,095
2,595
23,754

6550
6500
6450
6400

1,991
1,749
1,076
0
4,816

0.393
0.415
0.480
0.000
0.420

1,756
8,005
7,692
2,977
20,430

0.88
4.58
7.15
0.00
4.24

3,747
9,754
8,768
2,977
25,246

18,263

0.544

30,737

1.68

49,000

6350
6300
6250

4,927
5,726
2,579
13,232

0.632
0.570
0.558
0.591

1,532
2,693
903
5,128

0.31
0.47
0.35
0.39

6,459
8,419
3,482
18,360

6450
6400
6350

1,616
3,310
0
4,926

0.480
0.543
0.000
0.522

722
5,271
3,712
9,705

0.45
1.59
0.00
1.97

2,338
8,581
3,712
14,631

7350
7300
7250
7200
7150
7100
7050
7000
6950
6900

4
0
0
0
0
0
0
8
53
40
105

0.511
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.416
0.320
0.447
0.383

508
690
1,219
1,474
521
1,188
1,872
2,394
2,975
3,063
15,904

127.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
299.25
56.13
76.58
151.47

512
690
1,219
1,474
521
1,188
1,872
2,402
3,028
3,103
16,009

18,263

0.571

30,737

1.68

49,000

6250
6200
6150

2,908
3,195
3,805
9,908

0.558
0.602
0.562
0.574

1,019
1,666
1,054
3,739

0.35
0.52
0.28
0.38

3,927
4,861
4,859
13,647

6350
6300

4,994
2,990
7,984

0.504
0.561
0.525

3,013
3,505
6,518

0.60
1.17
0.82

8,007
6,495
14,502

6850
6800
6750
6700
6650

124
145
102
0
0
371

0.368
0.378
0.753
0.000
0.000
0.478

3,236
3,793
4,310
5,177
3,964
20,480

26.10
26.16
42.25
0.00
0.00
55.20

3,360
3,938
4,412
5,177
3,964
20,851

18,263

0.551

30,737

1.68

49,000

Table 4-8 (Continued)

Smoothed Mine Production Schedule
Period

Pushback

Year 14

6100
6050

2,689
1,602
4,291

0.542
0.547
0.544

671
264
935

0.25
0.16
0.22

3,360
1,866
5,226

6300
6250
6200
6150

2,013
4,538
5,889
464
12,904

0.561
0.656
0.657
0.658
0.642

2,286
5,566
3,694
2,768
14,314

1.14
1.23
0.63
5.97
1.11

4,299
10,104
9,583
3,232
27,218

6650
6600
6550
6500

2
2
362
702
1,068

0.849
0.481
0.673
0.493
0.555

1,268 634.00
5,457 ######
5,422
14.98
3,341
4.76
15,488
14.50

1,270
5,459
5,784
4,043
16,556

18,263

0.614

30,737

1.68

49,000

Year 15

Year 16

Bench

Mill Feed
ktons
%TCu

Waste
ktons

W:O
Ratio

TotMtl
ktons

6150
6100
6050

4,963
4,591
2,480
12,034

0.658
0.614
0.667
0.643

767
3,214
755
4,736

0.15
0.70
0.30
0.39

5,730
7,805
3,235
16,770

6500
6450
6400

414
2,095
3,720
6,229

0.493
0.537
0.503
0.514

1,666
5,076
5,425
12,167

4.02
2.42
1.46
1.95

2,080
7,171
9,145
18,396

7450
7400
7350
7300
7250
7200
7150
7100
7050

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

24
184
463
1,235
2,737
3,063
2,712
2,525
891
13,834

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

24
184
463
1,235
2,737
3,063
2,712
2,525
891
13,834

18,263

0.599

30,737

1.68

49,000

6050
6000
5950

2,770
4,748
3,264
10,782

0.667
0.674
0.631
0.659

843
1,484
1,219
3,546

0.30
0.31
0.37
0.33

3,613
6,232
4,483
14,328

6350
6300
6250

4,053
2,359
0
6,412

0.536
0.516
0.000
0.529

5,882
6,338
691
12,911

1.45
2.69
0.00
2.01

9,935
8,697
691
19,323

7050
7000
6950
6900
6850
6800
6750

11
13
436
67
177
72
293
1,069

0.335
0.332
0.399
0.538
0.482
0.373
0.519
0.451

1,757
2,681
2,192
2,405
2,046
1,736
1,463
14,280

159.73
206.23
5.03
35.90
11.56
24.11
4.99
13.36

1,768
2,694
2,628
2,472
2,223
1,808
1,756
15,349

18,263

0.601

30,737

1.68

49,000

Table 4-8 (Continued)

Smoothed Mine Production Schedule
Period

Pushback

Year 17

5900
5850

2,580
539
3,119

0.554
0.499
0.544

533
0
533

0.21
0.00
0.17

3,113
539
3,652

6300
6250
6200
6150

2,069
3,985
3,846
1,892
11,792

0.516
0.500
0.689
0.963
0.639

0
7,190
7,747
0
14,937

0.00
1.80
2.01
0.00
1.27

2,069
11,175
11,593
1,892
26,729

6700
6650
6600
6550
6500

117
22
1,044
1,128
1,041
3,352

0.374
0.544
0.558
0.508
0.617
0.553

1,367
833
3,191
4,442
5,434
15,267

11.68
37.86
3.06
3.94
5.22
4.55

1,484
855
4,235
5,570
6,475
18,619

18,263

0.607

30,737

1.68

49,000

Year 18

Year 19

Year 20

Year 21

Bench

Mill Feed
ktons
%TCu

Waste
ktons

W:O
Ratio

TotMtl
ktons

6200
6150
6100
6050

0
1,620
4,619
5,697
11,936

0.000
0.963
0.903
0.850
0.886

736
9,013
7,906
1,242
18,897

0.00
5.56
1.71
0.22
1.58

736
10,633
12,525
6,939
30,833

6450
6400
6350

1,339
2,625
2,363
6,327

0.515
0.502
0.648
0.559

5,055
3,883
2,902
11,840

3.78
1.48
1.23
1.87

6,394
6,508
5,265
18,167

18,263

0.773

30,737

1.68

49,000

6050
6000

1,807
4,061
5,868

0.850
0.889
0.877

5,555
2,774
8,329

3.07
0.68
1.42

7,362
6,835
14,197

6300
6250
6200
6150

2,738
2,915
3,517
3,225
12,395

0.713
0.736
0.622
0.698
0.689

2,093
1,595
759
961
5,408

0.76
0.55
0.22
0.30
0.44

4,831
4,510
4,276
4,186
17,803

18,263

0.749

13,737

0.75

32,000

6000
5950

3,015
5,703
8,718

0.889
0.839
0.856

932
2,659
3,591

0.31
0.47
0.41

3,947
8,362
12,309

6100
6050
6000
5950

2,852
2,650
2,930
1,113
9,545

0.710
0.694
0.732
0.721
0.714

991
646
355
190
2,182

0.35
0.24
0.12
0.17
0.23

3,843
3,296
3,285
1,303
11,727

18,263

0.782

5,773

0.32

24,036

5900

4,834

0.881

1,207

0.25

6,041

5950
5900
5850
5800
5750

1,805
2,665
4,341
2,192
403
11,406

0.721
0.648
0.701
0.575
0.698
0.667

35
65
759
1,019
190
2,068

0.02
0.02
0.17
0.46
0.47
0.18

1,840
2,730
5,100
3,211
593
13,474

16,240

0.731

3,275

0.20

19,515

Table 4-9
Stripped Ore Inventory
Unsmoothed Schedule
Srtipped Ore Inventory
Months @
ktons
18,263 ktpy

End of
Period

Pushback

PP

53,878

Year 1

Year 2

Smoothed Schedule
Srtipped Ore Inventory
Months @
ktons
18,263 ktpy

End of
Period

Pushback

35.4

PP

53,878

35.4

40,007

26.3

Year 1

40,887

26.9

24,202

15.9

Year 2

24,819

16.3

Year 3

8,711

5.7

1
2

Year 4

63,356

41.6

Year 3

10,344
71,275
81,619

53.6

Year 5

46,694

30.7

Year 4

64,209

42.2

Year 6

30,437

20.0

Year 5

48,700

32.0

Year 7

17,536

11.5

2
3

Year 8
Year 8
Year 8

2
3

8,000
56,310
64,310

Year 6
Year 6
Year 6

35,799
65,037
100,836

66.3

42.3

2
3

Year 9

50,522

33.2

Year 7
Year 7
Year 7

24,720
59,441
84,161

55.3

Year 10

36,059

23.7

2
3

Year 11

21,017

13.8

Year 8
Year 8
Year 8

15,036
54,770
69,806

45.9

Year 12

8,092

5.3

2
3

Year 13

42,666

28.0

Year 9
Year 9
Year 9

5,354
49,495
54,849

36.0

Year 14

24,867

16.3

Year 10

40,878

26.9

Year 15

6,970

4.6

Year 11

27,431

18.0

Year16

45,198

29.7

3
4

Year 17

27,711

18.2

Year 12
Year 12
Year 12

14,199
46,823
61,022

40.1

Year 18

12,055

7.9

3
4

Year 19

34,506

22.7

Year 13
Year 13
Year 13

4,291
38,839
43,130

28.3

Year 20

16,243

10.7

4
5

Year 21

0.0

Year 14
Year 14
Year 14

25,935
55,375
81,310

53.4

Year 15
Year 15
Year 15

4
5

13,901
49,146
63,047

41.4

Year16
Year16
Year16

4
5

3,119
42,734
45,853

30.1

Year 17

30,942

20.3

Year 18
Year 18
Year 18

5
6

19,006
33,346
52,352

34.4

Year 19
Year 19
Year 19

5
6

13,138
20,951
34,089

22.4

Year 20
Year 20
Year 20

5
6

4,420
11,406
15,826

10.4

Year 21

0.0

Unsmoothed Schedule
End of Period

Smoothed Schedule

Year 21

Year 20

Year 19

Year 18

Year 17

Year16

Year 15

Year 14

Year 13

Year 12

Year 11

Year 10

Year 9

Year 8

Year 7

Year 6

Year 5

Year 4

Year 3

Year 2

Year 1

PP

Months

Figure 4-7
Stripped Ore Inventory

72

66

60

54

48

42

36

30

24

18

12

Table 4-10
Comparison of Unsmoothed and Smoothed Mine Production Schedules
Copper price =
Copper recovery =
Mining Cost =

Period
PP
Year 1
Year 2
Year 3
Year 4
Year 5
Year 6
Year 7
Year 8
Year 9
Year 10
Year 11
Year 12
Year 13
Year 14
Year 15
Year 16
Year 17
Year 18
Year 19
Year 20
Year 21

Unsmoothed Schedule
Mill Feed
Contained Cu
ktons
%TCu
(lbs x 1000)
4,183
18,263
18,263
18,263
18,263
18,263
18,263
18,263
18,263
18,263
18,263
18,263
18,263
18,263
18,263
18,263
18,263
18,263
18,263
18,263
18,263
16,243
385,686

0.592
0.610
0.734
0.904
0.711
0.672
0.597
0.613
0.608
0.682
0.585
0.544
0.516
0.528
0.619
0.642
0.560
0.644
0.810
0.800
0.690
0.684
0.654

TotMtl
ktons

49,502
73,240
222,808
42,000
268,149
42,000
330,191
42,000
259,737
42,000
245,372
42,000
217,908
42,000
224,028
42,000
222,030
49,000
248,956
53,000
213,547
53,000
198,837
53,000
188,623
53,000
193,009
53,000
226,089
53,000
234,647
53,000
204,634
53,000
235,362
53,000
295,729
53,000
292,123
41,000
252,018
24,504
222,227
19,050
5,045,528 1,030,794

0.75 $/lb
90 %
0.75 $/ton

Smoothed Schedule
Mill Feed
Contained Cu
ktons
%TCu
(lbs x 1000)
4,183
18,263
18,263
18,263
18,263
18,263
18,263
18,263
18,263
18,263
18,263
18,263
18,263
18,263
18,263
18,263
18,263
18,263
18,263
18,263
18,263
16,240
385,683

0.592
0.601
0.732
0.860
0.740
0.669
0.636
0.623
0.631
0.615
0.558
0.544
0.571
0.551
0.614
0.599
0.601
0.607
0.773
0.749
0.782
0.731
0.655

TotMtl
ktons

49,502
73,240
219,398
49,000
267,450
49,000
314,014
49,000
270,243
49,000
244,398
49,000
232,241
49,000
227,604
49,000
230,357
49,000
224,567
49,000
203,947
49,000
198,837
49,000
208,600
49,000
201,122
49,000
224,134
49,000
218,779
49,000
219,585
49,000
221,677
49,000
282,241
49,000
273,649
32,000
285,528
24,036
237,436
19,515
5,055,309 1,030,791

Difference
(Unsmoothed - Smoothed)
Contained Cu
TotMtl
(lbs x 1000)
ktons
$x1000
0
3,410
699
16,177
-10,506
974
-14,333
-3,575
-8,326
24,389
9,600
0
-19,976
-8,112
1,954
15,867
-14,950
13,685
13,488
18,475
-33,510
-15,210
-9,780

0
-7,000
-7,000
-7,000
-7,000
-7,000
-7,000
-7,000
0
4,000
4,000
4,000
4,000
4,000
4,000
4,000
4,000
4,000
4,000
9,000
468
-465
3

0
7,552
5,722
16,170
-1,842
5,907
-4,425
2,837
-5,620
13,463
3,480
-3,000
-16,484
-8,476
-1,681
7,711
-13,091
6,237
6,104
5,720
-22,970
-9,918
-6,604

NPV @ 20% (AFTER preproduction) =

NPV @ 15% (AFTER preproduction) =
NPV @ 10% (AFTER preproduction) =

18,776
19,165
17,848

4.6

Impact of Pushback Redesign (Example)

Below is a description of a difficult mining situation with recommendations for

improvement. The recommendations are based on adhering to mine planning
fundamentals and the necessity to assume a higher degree of managed risk when
faced with adverse conditions.
The operations current long-range (12-year) mine plan is based on a sequence of
six pushbacks plus one small satellite deposit. The pushbacks have been
designed at a 40-degree inter-ramp working slope in all areas. Haulage access has
been included in the design of each pushback, with ramps designed at a 50-meter
width at an eight per cent gradient. Minable reserves for the remaining seven
pushbacks are summarized in Table 4-11.
Because operations were curtailed several years earlier, Pushback 1 has not yet
been stripped to the elevation where a continuous supply of primary sulfide mill ore
is available and stripping of Pushback 2 has just been initiated. Due to this understripped situation, mill feed cannot be scaled up to the design capacity of 28 million
tonnes per year (80,000 tonnes per day x 350 days/year) until Year 3 without
exceeding the capacity of the mine equipment fleet, which is optimistically targeted
at 350,000 tonnes per day. In the current production schedule, primary sulfide mill
feed is supplemented by Crush Leach (chalcocite) material in Year 1, Year 2, Year
3, and Year 4. By the end of Year 4, Pushback 2 will have been stripped to a
continuous supply of primary sulfide mill feed. The current long-range mine
production schedule is summarized in Table 4-12.
Using the pushback reserves in Table 4-11, a quick check of the required total
material mining rates was implemented. As shown in the reserve tabulations, each
pushback has been subdivided into an upper stripping portion and a lower portion,
consisting of a continuous ore supply with associated internal waste. The ore and
internal waste portion of a stripped pushback must be mined concurrently with the
stripping portion of the subsequent pushback in order to ensure a continuous
supply of mill feed. The sequence repeats itself until the final pushback is stripped.
The sequence and mining rate calculation procedure is summarized in Table 4-13.
In the first mining configuration, the stripped ore and internal waste in the Satellite
Pit and in Pushback 1 support the Pushback 2 stripping. As shown, if the available
primary sulfide ore is mined at the 28 million tonne per year mill capacity rate, the
required minimum total material mining rate is about 250 million tonnes per year, or
684,000 tonnes per day, which is obviously not a viable mining rate with the
equipment at hand.
The second mining configuration is a revision of the first and uses crush leach
material to supplement primary sulfide mill feed as per the current mine plan. The
addition of the crush leach as mill feed allows the mill to reach the design capacity

23

of 28 million tonnes per year at the beginning of Year 3 and the inclusion of the high
grade leach as mill feed ceases after Year 4, when there is an adequate supply of
primary sulfide available. As shown, the minimum required total material mining
rate is 314,000 tonnes per day. A mining rate in excess of the calculated minimum
is desirable to build up a cushion of stripped ore (a six to twelve month cushion is
common for a large milling operation).
The third mining configuration extracts Pushback 2 ore and internal waste
concurrently with Pushback 3 stripping and the required minimum total material
mining rate is 300,000 tonnes per day. In the next two configurations, minimum
total material mining rates are 248,000 tonnes per day for 3.28 years, followed by
429,000 tonnes per day for 2.77 years. In this case, advance stripping may be
utilized to smooth the total material mining rate to 331,000 tonnes per day for 6.05
years. In the final configuration in the mine plan, the required minimum rate is
308,000 tonnes per day for 7.46 years.
These calculations confirm that the 350,000 tonne per day total material mining rate
used in the current mine plan is sufficiently in excess of the minimum required to
establish an adequate stripped ore cushion. However, due to lack of spare parts,
equipment availabilities are steadily declining and it is highly unlikely that the
targeted mining rate can be sustained. If the mining rate cannot be maintained at
325,000 tonnes per day or better, a major redesign of the pushbacks will be
required.
For the current situation, the area with the greatest potential for improvement would
be a reduction in the pushback design widths, with particular reference to
Pushbacks 2 and 5. Pushback 2 has a nominal 300-meter width, which was
deliberately done to access an area of higher grade at depth. It would appear to be
more advantageous to bring the mill up to full primary sulfide capacity two years
earlier than the current plan, albeit with slightly lower grade material. Assuming a
30-meter swing radius for a 4100 shovel and adding a full 9-meter truck width,
yields a 78-meter working width for double-side loading. Working two shovels
concurrently or a single shovel plus dropcut development requires 156 meters and
a 150 to 200 meter design width is reasonable.
In order to examine the potential from reducing the width of Pushback 2, Table 4-14
has been developed to calculate required minimum mining rates. The basic
assumption is that Pushback 2 has been reduced to a 200-meter width or 2/3 of the
current design. The outside 1/3 is added to Pushback 3 and 2/3 of that total is a
new Pushback 3. The remaining 1/3 is added to Pushback 5 (Pushback 4 is
positioned to the West and is not changed) and 2/3 of that total is the revised
Pushback 5. The leftover 1/3 is added to Pushback 6 and 2/3 of that total is the
new Pushback 6.
In the first configuration shown in Table 4-14, if the primary sulfide plus crush leach
tonnages identical to the current plan for Year 1, Year 2, Year 3 and Year 4 are

24

employed, the required mining rate is 253,000 tonnes per day, as compared to the
314,000 calculated as a minimum for the current plan and the 350,000 tonnes per
day currently scheduled. An alternative, shown in the second configuration, is to
bring the mill up to capacity with primary sulfide ore two years earlier (in Year 3
rather than Year 5), employing a mining rate of 340,000 tonnes per day, which is
essentially the same rate employed in the current plan. However, since the current
equipment fleet cannot produce at the 350,000 tonne per day rate, the reduced
total material mining rate alternative is the only viable approach. The magnitude of
the reduced total material mining rate, relative to the current plan, is shown in
Figure 4-8. The reduced rate alternative allows four years to rehabilitate/replace
the current mining fleet, which is necessary to attain the required 350,000 tonnes
per day.
Current ramps are designed at a 50-meter width and an eight percent gradient.
The 50-meter width is essentially adequate for a three-lane (two loaded, one return)
system. An efficient design width is 4.5 times the operating width of the largest
trucks in the fleet. The required running surface for two meeting (passing) trucks is
3.5 truck widths ( truck inside, 1 truck, truck between units, 1 truck, truck
outside). Adding truck width each for ditch and berm, brings the total to 4.5 truck
widths. With an 8 to 9-meter truck operating width, design width for ramps should
be 35-40 meters. Ramp gradients of 10 percent are now the standard for the
industry, unless adverse footing or weather conditions dictate otherwise.
The operation currently employs a 40-degree working slope in all areas.
Considerable savings could be realized if this slope could be increased to 45
degrees. Over the vertical depths of the remaining increments, which range from
400 to 550 meters, the impact of the five-degree steepening is 30,000 to 60,000
tonnes per meter of wall length. It is possible to pick the bench where a continuous
ore supply is attained and then design both up and down from that backline at the
steeper angle. The results should be about the same total tonnage, but the
continuous ore tonnage will increase and the stripping volume will decrease.
Many times a ramp system is developed on an increment backwall from one pit exit
point to another and then is effectively abandoned for the short term (to be mined
out and replaced by the subsequent increment). If this ramp is left in ore, mining
out the ramp as soon as it is no longer required will recover ore that normally would
not be mined for several years. A five-bench 50-meter wide ramp at eight percent
contains about 4.5 million tonnes and the 50-meter width is easily mined with the
present equipment.
In summary, it is evident that a combination of reduced pushback widths,
steepened inter-ramp slope angles, reduced ramp widths, and increased ramp
gradients could yield significant dividends without unduly affecting productivity or
safety.

25

Table 4-11
Pushback Reserves
Satellite Pit

Bench

Primary
Sulfide
ktonnes

Crush
Leach
ktonnes

3695
3680
3665
3650
3635
3620
3605
3590

24
73
344
553
645
922

48
605
1,099
686
784
675

Total

2,561

3,897

ROM
Leach
ktonnes

Waste
ktonnes

Pushback 1
W:O
Ratio

Total
ktonnes

1,000
2,146
1,072
1,295
1,076
1,101

1,473
168
876
2,313
1,792
1,564
2,103
1,873

0.00
0.00
0.82
0.82
0.71
0.62
0.84
0.69

1,473
168
1,948
5,137
4,307
4,098
4,608
4,571

7,690

12,162

0.86

26,310

Bench
3845
3830
3815
3800
3785
3770
3755
3740
3725
3710
3695
3680
3665
3650
3635
3620
3605
3590
3575
3560
3545
3530
3515
3500
Total

Primary
Sulfide
ktonnes

Crush
Leach
ktonnes

ROM
Leach
ktonnes

Waste
ktonnes

268
73
143
259
515
1,363
1,564
1,213
1,770
2,978
3,698
3,418
3,652
3,951
3,990
4,060
3,578
3,779
2,711
1,725

7
392
2,489
2,432
3,046
2,852
2,936
3,012
2,680
2,663
1,900
882
748
432
585
262
244
27
0
0
0
0

13
1,131
3,399
2,857
3,693
5,497
4,756
1,905
1,869
1,804
2,044
1,443
765
932
1,012
651
486
18
0
0
0
0

121
272
1,061
3,234
4,385
5,566
5,716
5,663
4,301
3,222
3,296
2,591
2,355
1,700
1,536
547
84
0
252
104
30
0
0
0

44,708

27,589

34,275

46,036

W:O
Ratio

Total
ktonnes

0.00
0.00
53.05
2.12
0.71
1.04
0.83
0.66
0.52
0.51
0.54
0.46
0.41
0.32
0.29
0.11
0.02
0.00
0.05
0.03
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00

121
272
1,081
4,757
10,541
10,928
12,598
14,271
12,508
9,502
9,409
8,271
8,069
7,003
6,747
5,329
5,333
4,864
4,972
4,209
3,608
3,779
2,711
1,725

0.43

152,608

Table 4-11 (Continued)

Pushback Reserves
Pushback 2

Bench
3965
3950
3935
3920
3905
3890
3875
3860
3845
3830
3815
3800
3785
3770
3755
3740
3725
3710
3695
3680

Primary
Sulfide
ktonnes

Crush
Leach
ktonnes

ROM
Leach
ktonnes

Waste
ktonnes

Pushback 3
W:O
Ratio

Total
ktonnes

49
0
171
317
293
265
195
219
365
1,886
2,946
2,143
2,473
11,322

24
16
0
0
0
352
1,316
1,822
2,663
3,544
4,557
6,016
6,130
6,015
8,370
8,958
7,691
7,642
65,116

99
360
171
104
1,339
2,228
2,828
4,729
5,781
8,318
8,966
9,020
9,210
7,736
5,056
5,547
5,162
76,654

1,046
3,115
4,713
3,524
3,487
4,291
3,867
14,534
17,127
19,108
18,234
17,434
13,415
10,786
11,325
10,205
7,945
10,527
8,810
7,231
190,724

0.00
0.00
196.38
30.64
9.69
25.09
37.18
8.35
4.83
3.96
2.37
1.81
1.02
0.71
0.74
0.65
0.44
0.62
0.57
0.47
1.25

1,046
3,115
4,737
3,639
3,847
4,462
3,971
16,274
20,671
23,929
25,943
27,052
26,555
25,963
26,694
25,795
25,937
27,487
24,191
22,508
343,816

3665
3650
3635
3620
3605
3590
3575
3560
3545
3530
3515
3500
3485
3470

4,608
7,035
7,991
8,605
8,624
8,897
9,303
9,688
8,679
7,656
6,678
5,816
5,743
4,396
103,719

4,394
1,611
2,193
900
1,437
1,360
783
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
12,678

5,263
3,366
1,842
2,560
2,497
2,352
1,657
125
0
0
0
0
0
0
19,662

6,524
7,260
6,240
5,336
4,054
2,733
1,924
1,652
914
612
135
24
198
0
37,606

0.46
0.60
0.52
0.44
0.32
0.22
0.16
0.17
0.11
0.08
0.02
0.00
0.03
0.00
0.28

20,789
19,272
18,266
17,401
16,612
15,342
13,667
11,465
9,593
8,268
6,813
5,840
5,941
4,396
173,665

Total

115,041

77,794

96,316

228,330

0.79

517,481

Bench
3950
3935
3920
3905
3890
3875
3860
3845
3830
3815
3800
3785
3770
3755
3740
3725
3710
3695
3680
3665
3650

Primary
Sulfide
ktonnes

Crush
Leach
ktonnes

ROM
Leach
ktonnes

Waste
ktonnes

W:O
Ratio

Total
ktonnes

31
240
437
686
1,020
1,232
1,791
2,942
5,781
7,527
7,115
6,432
6,965
4,837
4,049
3,287
1,888
1,115
57,375

520
1,000
3,258
4,183
5,051
6,344
11,485
8,631
6,502
6,664
6,302
6,389
6,731
9,150
10,385
10,682
12,830
13,864
14,488
13,251
12,120
169,830

0.00
0.00
135.75
134.94
21.05
14.52
16.18
8.46
3.92
2.82
1.65
0.97
0.74
1.01
1.12
1.09
1.65
2.07
2.50
2.65
2.25
2.00

520
1,000
3,282
4,214
5,291
6,781
12,195
9,651
8,161
9,026
10,124
13,008
15,813
18,179
19,655
20,510
20,586
20,576
20,278
18,250
17,514
254,614

889
291
441
406
29
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2,056

566
779
574
719
55
26
0
0
0
0
0
0
2,719

9,675
9,702
8,053
7,210
6,342
4,834
3,062
3,032
3,059
2,552
2,004
2,123
61,648

1.41
1.65
1.26
1.06
0.83
0.54
0.31
0.34
0.36
0.31
0.27
0.32
0.67

16,516
15,584
14,456
14,017
13,959
13,753
13,073
12,062
11,583
10,681
9,489
8,685
153,858

23,707

60,094

231,478

1.31

408,472

0
10
0
0
3
49
137
49
81
280
292
393
1,110
3,354
5,758

0
24
0
0
0
24
0
417
571
880
835
1,506
1,777
2,789
2,782
2,639
2,371
2,110
2,001
925
21,651

3635
3620
3605
3590
3575
3560
3545
3530
3515
3500
3485
3470

5,386
4,812
5,388
5,682
7,533
8,893
10,011
9,030
8,524
8,129
7,485
6,562
87,435

Total

93,193

Table 4-11 (Continued)

Pushback Reserves
Pushback 4

Bench
3875
3860
3845
3830
3815
3800
3785
3770
3755
3740
3725
3710
3695
3680
3665
3650
3635
3620
3605
3590
3575
3560
3545

Primary
Sulfide
ktonnes

Crush
Leach
ktonnes

ROM
Leach
ktonnes

Waste
ktonnes

Pushback 5
W:O
Ratio

Total
ktonnes

24
0
156
0
0
77
102
301
356
409
401
912
1,631
4,369

49
318
449
635
1,251
869
632
29
575
964
480
0
41
70
0
0
6,362

5
109
275
309
729
806
1,487
3,786
3,982
2,913
2,863
1,642
541
695
1,321
765
1,017
813
190
0
24,248

65
0
3,248
4,388
4,511
5,358
5,673
5,467
5,990
5,794
4,968
4,573
5,613
5,830
7,454
7,936
5,572
4,606
5,163
4,570
3,994
3,917
3,278
107,968

0.00
0.00
0.00
877.60
41.39
19.48
18.36
7.03
5.33
2.99
1.12
0.87
1.43
1.67
4.46
6.65
3.16
2.19
4.61
3.12
3.11
3.55
2.01
3.09

65
0
3,248
4,393
4,620
5,633
5,982
6,245
7,114
7,730
9,413
9,806
9,551
9,325
9,125
9,129
7,333
6,708
6,284
6,037
5,278
5,019
4,909
142,947

3530
3515
3500
3485
3470
3455
3440
3425
3410
3395
3380
3365
3350

2,530
3,472
3,410
3,541
1,003
11,254
10,082
8,941
7,652
6,358
5,168
3,692
1,459
68,562

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

2,669
1,490
1,461
1,258
2,371
3,027
2,197
1,532
1,083
819
673
848
1,480
20,908

1.05
0.43
0.43
0.36
2.36
0.27
0.22
0.17
0.14
0.13
0.13
0.23
1.01
0.30

5,199
4,962
4,871
4,799
3,374
14,281
12,279
10,473
8,735
7,177
5,841
4,540
2,939
89,470

Total

72,931

6,362

24,248

128,876

1.24

232,417

Bench
3950
3935
3920
3905
3890
3875
3860
3845
3830
3815
3800
3785
3770
3755
3740
3725
3710
3695
3680
3665
3650
3635
3620
3605

Primary
Sulfide
ktonnes

Crush
Leach
ktonnes

ROM
Leach
ktonnes

Waste
ktonnes

W:O
Ratio

Total
ktonnes

112
195
268
317
122
156
132
208
137
83
49
531
1,110
1,344
1,187
2,996
8,947

146
268
0
1,463
2,717
4,910
5,553
6,076
5,730
6,726
5,524
4,170
3,543
2,976
3,266
2,761
2,991
2,522
2,876
64,218

248
270
363
1,776
2,540
4,863
4,847
6,083
6,191
7,609
7,127
9,368
10,049
8,830
7,328
7,236
5,825
5,054
6,123
5,573
107,303

957
1,790
3,660
4,773
5,613
6,562
7,273
8,410
9,100
6,890
5,788
5,265
5,998
6,685
8,443
9,954
12,835
17,401
18,709
18,866
20,228
20,797
19,991
17,997
243,985

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
22.63
15.77
11.53
4.74
2.21
0.89
0.58
0.44
0.48
0.50
0.60
0.66
0.89
1.40
1.81
1.71
2.09
2.22
2.03
1.57
1.35

957
1,790
3,660
4,773
5,861
6,978
7,904
10,186
13,215
14,665
15,813
17,218
18,387
20,180
22,428
25,054
27,191
29,857
29,062
29,899
29,924
30,186
29,823
29,442
424,453

3590
3575
3560
3545
3530
3515
3500
3485
3470
3455
3440
3425
3410
3395
3380
3365
3350
3335
3320

4,444
8,680
13,036
15,133
16,192
15,416
13,938
14,043
14,593
13,084
10,617
9,619
8,294
6,727
5,713
3,679
3,504
2,530
1,728
180,970

2,330
2,278
1,104
152
29
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
377
0
0
0
6,270

5,126
3,048
810
622
551
609
73
0
0
0
24
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
10,863

16,315
16,792
13,757
10,703
7,784
6,499
6,572
4,142
2,800
1,324
1,490
90
1
214
178
662
796
2,901
2,058
95,078

1.37
1.20
0.92
0.67
0.46
0.41
0.47
0.29
0.19
0.10
0.14
0.01
0.00
0.03
0.03
0.16
0.23
1.15
1.19
0.48

28,215
30,798
28,707
26,610
24,556
22,524
20,583
18,185
17,393
14,408
12,131
9,709
8,295
6,941
5,891
4,718
4,300
5,431
3,786
293,181

Total

189,917

70,488

118,166

339,063

0.90

717,634

Table 4-11 (Continued)

Pushback Reserves
Pushback 6
Primary
Sulfide
ktonnes

Crush
Leach
ktonnes

ROM
Leach
ktonnes

Waste
ktonnes

W:O
Ratio

24
780
697
1,342
2,129
2,798
3,415
2,462
1,681
1,517
2,994
3,207
4,836
27,882

378
1,057
3,039
3,126
3,256
3,303
3,155
3,354
4,655
5,185
3,885
4,782
5,143
3,825
3,395
51,538

40
573
1,062
1,697
2,084
4,217
5,026
5,252
5,942
8,371
9,899
9,211
8,361
6,782
7,574
8,063
5,844
89,998

1,783
1,393
2,271
3,064
2,320
2,533
3,469
5,493
7,519
8,939
10,844
12,252
14,118
15,063
16,424
16,813
17,968
18,485
19,885
21,316
20,930
24,481
27,665
27,971
24,678
24,006
23,595
375,278

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
271.10
21.38
9.80
5.47
3.19
2.07
2.00
1.87
1.77
1.47
1.16
1.45
1.99
2.14
1.57
1.59
1.68
2.22

1,783
1,393
2,271
3,064
2,320
2,533
3,469
5,493
7,519
8,939
10,884
12,825
15,558
17,817
21,571
24,936
26,947
28,382
31,111
35,839
38,899
41,339
41,592
41,052
40,389
39,101
37,670
544,696

3575
3560
3545
3530
3515
3500
3485
3470
3455
3440
3425
3410
3395
3380
3365
3350
3335
3320

5,973
7,846
10,940
11,552
12,018
11,844
11,312
10,535
9,158
9,205
10,087
10,656
10,468
4,913
1,639
131
52
327
138,656

2,299
2,991
1,328
1,360
1,095
1,160
811
1,109
598
31
24
0
0
1,544
1,126
0
0
0
15,476

6,649
3,378
2,441
2,287
2,131
1,468
748
512
129
133
24
0
0
829
978
0
0
0
21,707

21,284
20,613
18,703
16,889
15,445
14,853
14,652
14,196
14,404
13,131
10,522
7,538
5,046
5,329
6,710
7,114
5,424
3,879
215,732

1.43
1.45
1.27
1.11
1.01
1.03
1.14
1.17
1.46
1.40
1.04
0.71
0.48
0.73
1.79
54.31
104.31
11.86
1.23

36,205
34,828
33,412
32,088
30,689
29,325
27,523
26,352
24,289
22,500
20,657
18,194
15,514
12,615
10,453
7,245
5,476
4,206
391,571

Total

166,538

67,014

111,705

591,010

1.71

936,267

Bench
3980
3965
3950
3935
3920
3905
3890
3875
3860
3845
3830
3815
3800
3785
3770
3755
3740
3725
3710
3695
3680
3665
3650
3635
3620
3605
3590

Total
ktonnes

Table 4-12
Current Long Range Mine Production Schedule Summary

Year

Pushback

Year 1

Satellite Pit
1
2

Year 2

Year 3

Year 4

Year 5

Year 6

Year 7

Year 8

Year 9

Year 10

Year 11

Year 12

Satellite Pit
1
2
3

Satellite Pit
1
2
3

Satellite Pit
1
2
3

1
2
3

2
3

2
3
4
5

2
4
5

2
3
4
5

3
5

3
4
5

3
4
5

Mill Feed (ktonnes)

Primary
Crush
Total
Sulfide
Leach
Feed

Crush
Leach
ktonnes

ROM
Leach
ktonnes

Waste
ktonnes

W:O
Ratio

Total Material
ktonnes per
Year
Day

158
6,495
185
6,838

674
12,575
3,297
16,546

832
19,070
3,482
23,384

0
0
0
0

3,166
14,487
6,732
24,385

4,863
18,105
56,097
79,065

1.22
0.54
5.49
1.66

8,861
51,662
66,311
126,834

347

1,015
10,093
892
0
12,000

1,982
2,063
10,648
24
14,717

2,997
12,156
11,540
24
26,717

0
0
0
0
0

2,646
3,140
18,566
458
24,810

3,706
5,592
50,193
16,731
76,222

0.66
0.37
1.67
34.71
1.48

9,349
20,888
80,299
17,213
127,749

350

466
10,736
797
0
11,999

949
834
14,133
85
16,001

1,415
11,570
14,930
85
28,000

292
257
4,355
27
4,931

1,878
2,149
27,775
2,216
34,018

3,593
2,779
41,645
7,602
55,619

1.00
0.20
0.88
3.27
0.83

7,178
16,755
88,705
9,930
122,568

336

922
3,777
7,277
25
12,001

0
11
14,336
1,654
16,001

922
3,788
21,613
1,679
28,002

0
9
11,595
1,337
12,941

0
13
18,949
13,363
32,325

0
181
28,143
26,159
54,483

0.00
0.05
0.54
1.60
0.74

922
3,991
80,300
42,538
127,751

350

12,933
14,836
234
28,003

0
0
0
0

12,933
14,836
234
28,003

8
12,997
6,067
19,072

5
13,398
20,125
33,528

205
20,932
26,012
47,149

0.02
0.51
0.98
0.58

13,151
62,163
52,438
127,752

350

27,090
911
28,001

0
0
0

27,090
911
28,001

4,692
8,867
13,559

7,426
17,172
32,895

15,723
45,871
61,594

0.40
1.70
0.83

54,931
72,821
127,752

350

26,766
1,235
0
0
28,001

0
0
0
0
0

26,766
1,235
0
0
28,001

1,701
2,850
49
414
5,014

3,370
3,147
1,616
881
9,014

6,336
20,243
28,518
30,628
85,725

0.20
2.80
17.13
23.65
2.04

38,173
27,475
30,183
31,923
127,754

350

27,367
180
453
28,000

0
0
0
0

27,367
180
453
28,000

0
4,154
6,848
11,002

0
16,458
11,814
28,272

782
32,148
27,547
60,477

0.03
1.55
1.44
0.90

28,149
52,940
46,662
127,751

350

9,830
17,538
70
561
27,999

0
0
0
0
0

9,830
17,538
70
561
27,999

0
2,247
551
13,870
16,668

0
2,662
2,134
14,486
19,282

188
35,030
14,674
13,904
63,796

0.02
1.56
5.33
0.48
1.00

10,018
57,477
17,429
42,821
127,745

350

27,456
544
28,000

0
0
0

27,456
544
28,000

551
19,429
19,980

949
27,595
28,544

21,687
29,539
51,226

0.75
0.62
0.67

50,643
77,107
127,750

350

26,624
1,174
203
28,001

0
0
0
0

26,624
1,174
203
28,001

0
1,536
8,051
9,587

0
3,847
19,788
23,635

8,888
20,630
37,011
66,529

0.33
3.15
1.32
1.09

35,512
27,187
65,053
127,752

350

19,173
6,773
2,056
28,002

0
0
0
0

19,173
6,773
2,056
28,002

0
70
8,094
8,164

0
1,003
17,473
18,476

5,735
14,415
52,677
72,827

0.30
1.84
1.91
1.33

24,908
22,261
80,300
127,469

349

Table 4-13
Minimum Mining Rate Calculations
(mill feed @ 28,000 ktpy unless otherwise indicated)

Configuration
Satellite Pit - ore & Internal waste
Pushback 1 - ore & internal waste
Pushback 2 - stripping

Satellite Pit - ore & Internal waste

Pushback 1 - ore & internal waste
Pushback 2 - stripping

Pushback 2 - ore & Internal waste

Pushback 3 - stripping

Pushback 3 - ore & Internal waste

Pushback 4 - stripping

Pushback 4 - ore & Internal waste

Pushback 5 - stripping

Pushback 5 - ore & Internal waste

Pushback 6 - stripping

Benches
From
To
No.
3695
3845
3965

3695
3845
3965

3665
3950

3635
3875

3530
3950

3590
3980

3590
3500
3680

3590
3500
3680

3470
3650

3470
3545

3350
3605

3320
3590

Primary
Sulfide
ktonnes

8
24
20
52

2,561
44,708
11,322
58,591

8
24
20
52

2,561
44,708
11,322
58,591
-6,838
-12,000
-11,999
-12,001
15,753

14
21
35

103,719
5,758
109,477

12
23
35

87,435
4,369
91,804

13
24
37

68,562
8,947
77,509

19
27
46
205

Years

2.09

Crush Leach
ktonnes
ktpy
3,897
27,589
65,116
96,602

46,165

ktpd

126

ktonnes

ROM Leach
ktpy

7,690
34,275
76,654
118,619

56,687

ktpd

155

ktonnes
26,310
152,608
343,816
522,734

3.91

3.28

2,056
6,362
8,418

2.77

0
64,218
64,218

180,970
27,882
208,852

7.46

6,270
51,538
57,808

546,233

21.98

261,375

8,780

2,567

24

19,662
57,375
77,037

2,719
24,248
26,967

19,703

8,225

24.9

114,569

314

11.4

522,734

114,569

314

11.4

54

173,665
254,614
428,279

109,537

300

9.0

428,279

109,537

300

9.0

23

153,858
142,947
296,805

90,525

248

10.7
730,198

120,756

331

11.9

64

7,750

21

10,863
89,998
100,861

13,522

37

293,181
544,696
837,877

11,892

33

430,787

19,600

54

2,519,088

38,763

Smoothed Total Material

ktonnes
ktpy
ktpd
Bench/yr

684

0
107,303
107,303

23,199

Bench/yr

249,809

3,897
7,690
26,310
27,589
34,275
152,608
65,116
76,654
343,816
4.56
96,602
21,173
58
118,619
25,998
71
522,734
Year 1 mining (includes 16,546 ktonnes Crush Leach as mill feed)
Year 2 mining (includes 14,717 ktonnes Crush Leach as mill feed)
Year 3 mining (includes 16,001 ktonnes Crush Leach as mill feed)
Year 4 mining (includes 16,001 ktonnes Crush Leach as mill feed)
/ 28,000 ktpy =
0.56
years+Yr. 1+Yr. 2+Yr. 3+Yr. 4 = 4.56 years

12,678
21,651
34,329

Total Material
ktpy
ktpd

106

8,940
424,453
433,393

156,563

429

13.4

112,331

308

6.2

837,877

112,331

308

6.2

114,617

314

9.3

2,519,088

114,617

314

9.3

Table 4-14
Alternative Minimum Mining Rate Calculations
Assumptions:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)

The current Pushback 2 is reduced by 1/3 (analogous to reducing width from 300 m to 200 m).
The deferred 1/3 of Pushback 2 is added to Pushback 3.
1/3 of the combined (deferred Pushback 2 plus the original Pushback 3) is deferred to Pushback 5
Pushback 4 is unchanged.
1/3 of the combined (deferred Pushback 3 plus the original Pushback 5) is deferred to Pushback 6

Orig
PB 2
Strip
Ore
TotMtl
Ore & IW
Ore
TotMtl

PB 2R
@ 2/3

From 2
to 3
(2D)

Orig
PB 3

PB 3
+ 2D

PB 3R
@ 2/3

From 3
to 5
(3D)

Orig
PB 5

PB 5
+ 3D

PB 5R
@ 2/3

From 5
to 6
(5D)

Orig
PB 6

PB 6
+ 5D

PB 6R
@ 2/3

11,322
343,816

7,548
229,211

3,774
114,605

5,758
254,614

9,532
369,219

6,355
246,146

3,177
123,073

8,947
424,453

12,124
547,526

8,083
365,017

4,041
182,509

27,882
544,696

31,923
727,205

21,282
484,803

103,719
173,665

69,146
115,777

34,573
57,888

87,435
153,858

122,008
211,746

81,339
141,164

40,669
70,582

180,970
293,181

221,639
363,763

147,760
242,509

73,880
121,254

138,656
391,571

212,536
512,825

141,691
341,884

Configuration
Satellite Pit - ore & IW
PB 1 - ore & IW
PB 2R - stripping
Year 1 =
Year 2 =
Year 3 =
Year 4 =

Satellite Pit - ore & IW

PB 1 - ore & IW
PB 2R - stripping
Year 1 =
Year 2 =
Year 3 =

PB 2R - ore & IW
PB 3R - stripping

PB 3R - ore & IW
PB 4 - stripping

PB 4 - ore & IW
PB 5R - stripping

PB 5R - ore & IW
PB 6R - stripping

Unsmoothed Minimum Total Material Mining Rate

Primary
Total
Required Minimum
Sulfide
Material
TotMtl Mining Rate
ktonnes
Years
ktonnes
ktpy
ktpd
2,561
44,708
7,548
54,817
(6,838)
(12,000)
(11,999)
(12,001)
11,979

26,310
152,608
229,211
4.43
408,129
92,174
253
(mill feed supplemented with 16,546 ktonnes Crush Leach)
(mill feed supplemented with 14,717 ktonnes Crush Leach)
(mill feed supplemented with 16,001 ktonnes Crush Leach)
(mill feed supplemented with 16,001 ktonnes Crush Leach)
/28,000 =
0.43 year

2,561
44,708
7,548
54,817
(6,838)
(12,000)
(28,000)
7,979

26,310
152,608
229,211
3.28
408,129
124,242
340
(mill feed supplemented with 16,546 ktonnes Crush Leach)
(mill feed supplemented with 14,717 ktonnes Crush Leach)
(no Crush Leach required)
/28,000 =
0.28 year

Primary
Sulfide
ktonnes

Smoothed Minimum Total Material Mining Rate

Total
Required Minimum
Material
TotMtl Mining Rate
Years
ktonnes
ktpy
ktpd

54,817

4.43

408,129

92,174

253

54,817

3.28

408,129

124,242

340

75,501

2.70

361,923

134,221

368

162,353

5.80

738,598

127,381

349

69,146
6,355
75,501

2.70

115,777
246,146
361,923

134,221

368

81,339
4,369
85,708

3.06

141,164
142,947
284,111

92,816

254

2.74

89,470
365,017
454,487

166,033

455

147,760
21,282
169,042

6.04

242,509
484,803
727,312

120,471

330

169,042

461,713

17.82

125,496

344

461,713

68,562
8,083
76,645

2,235,962

6.04
17.82

727,312
2,235,962

120,471

330

125,496

344

Figure 4-8
Production Rate Comparison
400
375
350
325
300

250
225
200
175
150
125
100
75
50
25

Year

Mill Feed (Primary Sulfide)

TotMtl Current Mine Plan
TotMtl Revised PB Design

Year 12

Year 11

Year 10

Year 9

Year 8

Year 7

Year 6

Year 5

Year 4

Year 3

Year 2

0
Year 1

ktonnes per Day

275

4.7

Stripped Ore Inventory Example

In the process of conducting a due diligence review it was noted that the waste
mining rate in the mine plan summary varied radically from year to year, as shown
in Table 4-15. A preliminary review of the detailed production schedule (Table 416) indicated that ore at the bottom of some of the pushbacks was being deferred
until substantially later in the mine life, which required accelerated striping in the
earlier years. Initial discussions were unsuccessful in demonstrating this point, so
the following exercise was developed to show that lower total material mining rates
in the earlier years were both feasible and prudent.
The pushback reserves (Table 4-17) were subdivided into an upper stripping
portion (Strip) and a lower continuous ore plus internal waste portion (Ore+IW).
The elevation selected for each pushback is intuitively obvious and, for this
scenario, it is in the immediate vicinity of a drop below a 1:1 waste to ore ratio.
Once mining exposes the top bench of the Ore+IW increment, a continuous ore
supply is attained.
Using the subdivided pushback reserves in Table 4-17 and the production schedule
in Table 4-16, an exposed ore inventory was generated on an annual basis and is
shown in Table 4-18. Once the first continuous ore bench for a pushback is
reached in the production schedule, the exposed ore is added to the inventory, with
scheduled tonnages subtracted in subsequent years. The resulting annual
inventory showed that the minimum exposed ore inventories appeared to be
excessive (14.1 months in 2004, 17.3 months in 2009, 21 months in 2014, and 46.1
months in 2019). While minimum stripped ore inventories in excess of one year are
not necessarily a bad thing, all cushions have a cost in terms of stripping. For this
scale of operations, a minimum inventory of 6-12 months would be prudent. The
excessive inventories are the result of:

Pushback 5 ore carried in inventory for nine

Pushback 6 ore supply is attained.
Pushback 6 ore carried in inventory for 14
Pushback 7 ore supply is attained..
Pushback 7 ore carried in inventory for ten
Pushback 8 ore supply is attained..
Pushback 8 ore carried in inventory for six
Pushback 9 ore supply is attained..

years after a continuous

years after a continuous
years after a continuous
years after a continuous

To quantify the potential for reduced stripping, total material mining rates were
calculated in Table 4-19 for each mining configuration (increment). The calculation
shows both the minimum mining rates (no ore cushion) and smoothed mining rates,
which were derived by advance stripping. These total material mining rates were
used to generate two additional production schedules (unsmoothed and smoothed
total material mining rates). For a feasibility study, the smoothed rates would

26

normally be utilized. In a production scenario, it is prudent to use the minimum

rates (unsmoothed) to develop a basis for equipment requirements. Smoothing of
truck requirements may then be accomplished by advance stripping without
inadvertently reducing stripping below the minimum required for a continuous ore
supply.
Tables 4-20 and 4-21 are annual summaries of the unsmoothed and smoothed
schedules, which should be compared to Table 4-15. The detailed schedules are
contained in the Tables 4-22 and 4-23.
Exposed ore inventories for the unsmoothed and smoothed schedules are shown in
Tables 4-24 and 4-25, respectively. The minimum inventories for the unsmoothed
schedule are 4.3 months in 2005, 4.5 months in 2010, 6.0 months in 2015, and 3.3
months in 2022. The minimum inventories for the smoothed schedule are 15.4
months in 2004, 19.2 months in 2009, 12.6 months in 2015, and 44.5 months in
2019.
As demonstrated in Table 4-25, smoothing by advance stripping
automatically increases the minimum exposed ore inventories.
The three schedules are compared in terms of total annual material movement in
Table 4-26. Assuming a constant mining cost of $0.70 per ton, the present value of
the apparent savings utilizing the unsmoothed schedule is in the vicinity of $20
million. The smoothed schedule yields a savings present value of around $9
million. Exposed ore inventories for the three plans are compared graphically in
Figure 4-9.
Annual summaries of the three production schedules by pushbacks mined are
shown in Tables 4-27, 4-28, and 4-29. In the original schedule (Table 4-27), there
are ten years in which three or more pushbacks are mined. In the smoothed
schedule, there are 6 years in which three pushbacks are mined. In both these
schedules, the system becomes essentially ore bound, and the next pushback
must be started to maintain the specified mining rate. This becomes a significant
logistical problem for an equipment fleet consisting of tracked drills and cable
shovels. Only two main working areas are mined concurrently throughout the
unsmoothed schedule.
This exercise demonstrates the value of defining the minimum total material mining
rate required to deliver a specified ore tonnage. If the resulting schedule is then
used as a basis for equipment optimization, there is a reasonable assurance that
the result will be an efficient and cost-effective mine plan with a reasonable
contingency.

27

Table 4-15
Original Mine Plan
Annual Summary
Year
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027

Ore
ktonnes
%TCu

Waste
ktonnes

26,009
31,707
33,729
33,819
33,724
33,727
33,728
33,818
33,727
33,724
33,726
33,816
33,725
33,726
33,726
33,817
33,726
33,726
33,725
33,820
33,726
33,726
33,726
33,818
33,725
33,727
27,108

0.516
0.499
0.518
0.526
0.516
0.456
0.411
0.401
0.437
0.455
0.428
0.470
0.485
0.488
0.465
0.421
0.396
0.366
0.339
0.415
0.403
0.397
0.457
0.461
0.487
0.463
0.468

27,173
41,602
40,423
30,820
41,985
57,461
46,055
35,430
30,337
40,948
66,232
51,617
40,927
40,503
46,626
33,118
31,982
31,705
25,733
7,835
2,213
2,177
2,498
2,614
1,152
2,221
1,198

894,801

0.449

782,585

W:O
Ratio
1.04
1.31
1.20
0.91
1.24
1.70
1.37
1.05
0.90
1.21
1.96
1.53
1.21
1.20
1.38
0.98
0.95
0.94
0.76
0.23
0.07
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.03
0.07
0.04

TotMtl
ktonnes
53,182
73,309
74,152
64,639
75,709
91,188
79,783
69,248
64,064
74,672
99,958
85,433
74,652
74,229
80,352
66,935
65,708
65,431
59,458
41,655
35,939
35,903
36,224
36,432
34,877
35,948
28,306

0.87 1,677,386

"Anomalous" waste mining rates

that prompted a review of the mining
schedule.

Table 4-16
Original Mine Plan
Year
2001

Pushback

Bench

4
4
4
4
4
4

2295
2280
2265
2250
2235
2220

152
4,562
6,308
6,790
6,489
1,063
25,364

0.505
0.508
0.525
0.519
0.513
0.519
0.517

5
5
5
5

2520
2505
2490
2475

0
2
177
466
645

2001

2002

Waste
ktonnes
0
0
78
13
0
0
91

W:O
Ratio

TotMtl
ktonnes

0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

152
4,562
6,386
6,803
6,489
1,063
25,455

0.000
0.506
0.491
0.506
0.502

358
0.00
7,526 ######
10,877
61.45
8,321
17.86
27,082
41.99

358
7,528
11,054
8,787
27,727

26,009

0.516

27,173

1.04

53,182

4
4

2220
2205

7,741
6,617
14,358

0.521
0.518
0.520

0
40
40

0.00
0.01
0.00

7,741
6,657
14,398

5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5

2475
2460
2445
2430
2415
2400
2385
2370

0
1,060
1,670
2,658
3,049
3,768
4,063
1,081
17,349

0.000
0.515
0.413
0.445
0.470
0.481
0.524
0.528
0.482

730
9,753
9,071
6,993
6,166
5,074
3,421
354
41,562

0.00
9.20
5.43
2.63
2.02
1.35
0.84
0.33
2.40

730
10,813
10,741
9,651
9,215
8,842
7,484
1,435
58,911

31,707

0.499

41,602

1.31

73,309

2002

2003

Total

Ore
ktonnes
%TCu

Total

5
5
5
5
5
5
5

2385
2370
2355
2340
2325
2310
2295

0
3,369
4,941
5,314
6,757
7,300
6,046
33,727

0.000
0.528
0.530
0.528
0.516
0.509
0.508
0.518

1,000
3,470
2,847
2,275
725
170
0
10,487

0.00
1.03
0.58
0.43
0.11
0.02
0.00
0.31

1,000
6,839
7,788
7,589
7,482
7,470
6,046
44,214

6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6

2670
2655
2640
2625
2610
2595
2580
2565
2550
2535
2520
2505
2490

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
2

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.453
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.453

11
0.00
180
0.00
784
0.00
925
0.00
1,178
0.00
1,652
0.00
2,649
0.00
3,098
0.00
3,316
0.00
4,721 ######
5,129
0.00
5,613
0.00
680
0.00
29,936 ######

11
180
784
925
1,178
1,652
2,649
3,098
3,316
4,723
5,129
5,613
680
29,938

33,729

0.518

40,423

74,152

2003

Total

1.20

Table 4-16 (Continued)

Original Mine Plan
Year
2004

Pushback

Bench

5
5
5
5
5
5

2295
2280
2265
2250
2235
2220

1,834
7,506
6,914
6,338
6,010
3,650
32,252

0.508
0.518
0.529
0.544
0.531
0.539
0.529

0
0
0
93
41
40
174

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01

1,834
7,506
6,914
6,431
6,051
3,690
32,426

6
6
6
6
6

2490
2475
2460
2445
2430

0
0
36
35
1,496
1,567

0.000
0.000
0.438
0.381
0.459
0.457

4,991
6,030
6,717
8,085
4,823
30,646

0.00
0.00
186.58
231.00
3.22
19.56

4,991
6,030
6,753
8,120
6,319
32,213

33,819

0.526

30,820

0.91

64,639

2004

2005

Waste
ktonnes

W:O
Ratio

TotMtl
ktonnes

5
5
5

2220
2205
2190

7,161
4,911
9,772
21,844

0.539
0.540
0.526
0.533

40
0
4
44

0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00

7,201
4,911
9,776
21,888

6
6
6
6
6

2430
2415
2400
2385
2370

0
2,440
3,683
4,786
971
11,880

0.000
0.488
0.476
0.490
0.466
0.483

6,218
10,033
8,851
7,838
0
32,940

0.00
4.11
2.40
1.64
0.00
2.77

6,218
12,473
12,534
12,624
971
44,820

7
7
7
7
7
7

2730
2715
2700
2685
2670
2655

0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

35
240
1,166
1,565
2,938
3,057
9,001

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

35
240
1,166
1,565
2,938
3,057
9,001

33,724

0.516

41,985

1.24

75,709

2005

2006

Total

Ore
ktonnes
%TCu

Total

6
6
6
6
6

2370
2355
2340
2325
2310

5,342
6,557
7,675
8,230
5,923
33,727

0.466
0.475
0.458
0.450
0.430
0.456

3,742
3,647
4,176
4,127
3,388
19,080

0.70
0.56
0.54
0.50
0.57
0.57

9,084
10,204
11,851
12,357
9,311
52,807

7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7

2655
2640
2625
2610
2595
2580
2565
2550

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

280
3,411
3,955
5,085
5,319
6,273
7,121
6,937
38,381

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

280
3,411
3,955
5,085
5,319
6,273
7,121
6,937
38,381

33,727

0.456

57,461

1.70

91,188

2006

Total

Table 4-16 (Continued)

Original Mine Plan
Year
2007

Pushback

Bench

6
6
6
6
6

2310
2295
2280
2265
2250

3,378
10,008
9,729
10,391
123
33,629

0.430
0.419
0.409
0.400
0.390
0.411

0
2,244
2,161
1,814
0
6,219

0.00
0.22
0.22
0.17
0.00
0.18

3,378
12,252
11,890
12,205
123
39,848

7
7
7
7
7
7

2550
2535
2520
2505
2490
2475

0
0
0
75
24
0
99

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.325
0.500
0.000
0.367

1,460
8,487
9,349
9,544
9,772
1,224
39,836

0.00
0.00
0.00
127.25
407.17
0.00
402.38

1,460
8,487
9,349
9,619
9,796
1,224
39,935

33,728

0.411

46,055

1.37

79,783

1,376
1,227
857
0
3,460

0.13
0.11
0.08
0.00
0.10

12,307
12,468
11,406
655
36,836

2007

2008

Waste
ktonnes

W:O
Ratio

TotMtl
ktonnes

6
6
6
6

2250
2235
2220
2205

10,931
11,241
10,549
655
33,376

0.390
0.401
0.415
0.436
0.403

7
7
7
7

2475
2460
2445
2430

0
6
102
334
442

0.000
0.150
0.259
0.324
0.306

8,450
0.00
9,477 ######
9,202
90.22
4,841
14.49
31,970
72.33

8,450
9,483
9,304
5,175
32,412

33,818

0.401

35,430

1.05

69,248

2008

2009

Total

Ore
ktonnes
%TCu

Total

2175

3,375

0.533

0.00

3,375

6
6
6

2205
2190
2175

9,777
9,660
8,297
27,734

0.436
0.431
0.439
0.435

628
464
515
1,607

0.06
0.05
0.06
0.06

10,405
10,124
8,812
29,341

7
7
7
7
7

2430
2415
2400
2385
2370

0
412
944
1,262
0
2,618

0.000
0.335
0.335
0.343
0.000
0.339

3,886
8,421
7,743
7,215
1,465
28,730

0.00
20.44
8.20
5.72
0.00
10.97

3,886
8,833
8,687
8,477
1,465
31,348

33,727

0.437

30,337

0.90

64,064

2009

Total

Table 4-16 (Continued)

Original Mine Plan
Year
2010

Pushback

Bench

5
5

2175
2160

4,735
4,895
9,630

0.533
0.513
0.522

0
0
0

0.00
0.00
0.00

4,735
4,895
9,630

2160

8,134

0.456

232

0.03

8,366

7
7
7
7

2370
2355
2340
2325

2,118
3,200
4,564
6,078
15,960

0.379
0.408
0.414
0.428
0.413

7,878
8,255
6,954
5,430
28,517

3.72
2.58
1.52
0.89
1.79

9,996
11,455
11,518
11,508
44,477

8
8
8

2730
2715
2700

0
0
0
0

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

1,459
6,861
3,879
12,199

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

1,459
6,861
3,879
12,199

33,724

0.455

40,948

1.21

74,672

2010

2011

Waste
ktonnes

W:O
Ratio

TotMtl
ktonnes

2160

941

0.513

0.00

941

7
7
7
7

2310
2295
2280
2265

8,603
10,048
10,650
3,484
32,785

0.408
0.419
0.438
0.458
0.426

2,425
1,322
712
0
4,459

0.28
0.13
0.07
0.00
0.14

11,028
11,370
11,362
3,484
37,244

8
8
8
8
8
8
8

2400
2385
2370
2355
2340
2325
2310

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

4,419
6,313
9,136
10,382
12,017
12,489
7,017
61,773

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

4,419
6,313
9,136
10,382
12,017
12,489
7,017
61,773

33,726

0.428

66,232

1.96

99,958

366
14
12
0
392

0.05
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01

7,748
10,893
10,439
5,013
34,093

2011

2012

Total

Ore
ktonnes
%TCu

Total

7
7
7
7

2265
2250
2235
2220

7,382
10,879
10,427
5,013
33,701

0.458
0.459
0.483
0.490
0.470

8
8
8
8
8

2610
2595
2580
2565
2550

20
53
2
40
0
115

0.413
0.300
0.300
0.250
0.000
0.302

5,660 283.00
12,880 243.02
12,983 ######
13,347 333.68
6,355
0.00
51,225 445.43

5,680
12,933
12,985
13,387
6,355
51,340

33,816

0.470

51,617

85,433

2012

Total

1.53

Table 4-16 (Continued)

Original Mine Plan
Year
2013

Pushback

Bench

7
7
7
7

2220
2205
2190
2175

5,529
9,721
9,285
7,306
31,841

0.490
0.474
0.486
0.474
0.480

89
170
181
156
596

0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02

5,618
9,891
9,466
7,462
32,437

8
8
8
8

2550
2535
2520
2505

229
163
408
1,084
1,884

0.296
0.304
0.466
0.688
0.559

6,867
13,579
13,363
6,522
40,331

29.99
83.31
32.75
6.02
21.41

7,096
13,742
13,771
7,606
42,215

33,725

0.485

40,927

1.21

74,652

2013

2014

Waste
ktonnes

W:O
Ratio

TotMtl
ktonnes

2145

6,248

0.488

102

0.02

6,350

7
7
7

2175
2160
2145

1,734
8,874
8,494
19,102

0.474
0.468
0.465
0.467

0
33
0
33

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

1,734
8,907
8,494
19,135

8
8
8
8
8

2505
2490
2475
2460
2445

0
2,189
2,939
3,248
0
8,376

0.000
0.526
0.579
0.508
0.000
0.537

6,449
11,668
11,141
9,008
2,102
40,368

0.00
5.33
3.79
2.77
0.00
4.82

6,449
13,857
14,080
12,256
2,102
48,744

33,726

0.488

40,503

1.20

74,229

2014

2015

Total

Ore
ktonnes
%TCu

Total

2145

3,776

0.536

0.00

3,776

6
6

2145
2130

1,432
8,820
10,252

0.481
0.494
0.492

0
72
72

0.00
0.01
0.01

1,432
8,892
10,324

2130

5,214

0.486

16

0.00

5,230

8
8
8

2445
2430
2415

5,213
6,756
2,515
14,484

0.438
0.415
0.401
0.421

4,941
5,441
2,895
13,277

0.95
0.81
1.15
0.92

10,154
12,197
5,410
27,761

9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9

2730
2715
2700
2685
2670
2655
2640
2625
2610
2595
2580
2565
2550
2535
2520

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

69
1,150
1,461
1,462
1,596
1,663
1,738
1,898
2,030
2,200
2,495
4,552
4,755
5,156
1,036
33,261

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

69
1,150
1,461
1,462
1,596
1,663
1,738
1,898
2,030
2,200
2,495
4,552
4,755
5,156
1,036
33,261

33,726

0.465

46,626

1.38

80,352

2015

Total

Table 4-16 (Continued)

Original Mine Plan
Year

Pushback

Bench

2016

2175

3,024

0.486

0.00

3,024

8
8
8
8

2415
2400
2385
2370

5,401
8,686
8,626
7,951
30,664

0.401
0.403
0.423
0.430
0.415

1,128
3,023
2,788
1,788
8,727

0.21
0.35
0.32
0.22
0.28

6,529
11,709
11,414
9,739
39,391

9
9
9
9

2520
2505
2490
2475

0
49
40
40
129

0.000
0.325
0.263
0.263
0.286

4,800
6,589
6,845
6,157
24,391

0.00
134.47
171.13
153.93
189.08

4,800
6,638
6,885
6,197
24,520

33,817

0.421

33,118

0.98

66,935

2016

2017

W:O
Ratio

TotMtl
ktonnes

2370
2355
2340
2325
2310

1,428
9,930
10,252
10,171
952
32,733

0.430
0.421
0.394
0.388
0.380
0.401

0
1,084
677
375
504
2,640

0.00
0.11
0.07
0.04
0.53
0.08

1,428
11,014
10,929
10,546
1,456
35,373

9
9
9
9
9

2475
2460
2445
2430
2415

0
210
310
473
0
993

0.000
0.168
0.200
0.230
0.000
0.207

892
7,088
7,187
7,188
6,987
29,342

0.00
33.75
23.18
15.20
0.00
29.55

892
7,298
7,497
7,661
6,987
30,335

33,726

0.396

31,982

0.95

65,708

Total

8
8
8
8

2310
2295
2280
2265

8,982
9,574
9,351
223
28,130

0.380
0.370
0.369
0.365
0.373

0
592
523
0
1,115

0.00
0.06
0.06
0.00
0.04

8,982
10,166
9,874
223
29,245

9
9
9
9
9
9

2415
2400
2385
2370
2355
2340

385
618
849
1,561
2,183
0
5,596

0.295
0.333
0.360
0.306
0.345
0.000
0.332

503
7,466
7,410
6,877
6,447
1,887
30,590

1.31
12.08
8.73
4.41
2.95
0.00
5.47

888
8,084
8,259
8,438
8,630
1,887
36,186

33,726

0.366

31,705

0.94

65,431

2018

2019

Waste
ktonnes

8
8
8
8
8

2017

2018

Total

Ore
ktonnes
%TCu

Total

8
8

2265
2250

8,653
6,809
15,462

0.365
0.365
0.365

642
775
1,417

0.07
0.11
0.09

9,295
7,584
16,879

9
9
9
9
9

2340
2325
2310
2295
2280

2,911
3,272
3,646
3,883
4,551
18,263

0.296
0.304
0.314
0.322
0.337
0.317

4,005
5,645
5,459
4,997
4,210
24,316

1.38
1.73
1.50
1.29
0.93
1.33

6,916
8,917
9,105
8,880
8,761
42,579

33,725

0.339

25,733

0.76

59,458

2019

Total

Table 4-16 (Continued)

Original Mine Plan
Year
2020

Pushback

Bench

8
8

2235
2220

1,611
8,085
9,696

0.365
0.350
0.352

0
780
780

0.00
0.10
0.08

1,611
8,865
10,476

9
9
9
9

2265
2250
2235
2220

5,178
6,336
7,288
5,322
24,124

0.444
0.441
0.436
0.440
0.440

3,426
2,106
995
528
7,055

0.66
0.33
0.14
0.10
0.29

8,604
8,442
8,283
5,850
31,179

33,820

0.415

7,835

0.23

41,655

2020

2021

TotMtl
ktonnes

7,366
7,299
1,371
16,036

0.339
0.331
0.331
0.335

1,068
783
0
1,851

0.14
0.11
0.00
0.12

8,434
8,082
1,371
17,887

9
9
9

2220
2205
2190

2,326
7,612
7,752
17,690

0.440
0.464
0.475
0.466

0
362
0
362

0.00
0.05
0.00
0.02

2,326
7,974
7,752
18,052

33,726

0.403

2,213

0.07

35,939

Total

8
8
8

2190
2175
2160

5,734
7,174
6,040
18,948

0.331
0.323
0.319
0.324

857
510
622
1,989

0.15
0.07
0.10
0.10

6,591
7,684
6,662
20,937

9
9

2175
2160

7,425
7,353
14,778

0.491
0.491
0.491

141
47
188

0.02
0.01
0.01

7,566
7,400
14,966

33,726

0.397

2,177

0.06

35,903

Total

8
8
8
8

2160
2145
2130
2115

742
6,138
5,054
298
12,232

0.319
0.319
0.335
0.345
0.326

0
848
1,650
0
2,498

0.00
0.14
0.33
0.00
0.20

742
6,986
6,704
298
14,730

9
9
9

2145
2130
2115

7,293
7,110
7,091
21,494

0.515
0.515
0.564
0.531

0
0
0
0

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

7,293
7,110
7,091
21,494

33,726

0.457

2,498

0.07

36,224

2023

2024

W:O
Ratio

2220
2205
2190

2022

2023

Waste
ktonnes

8
8
8

2021

2022

Total

Ore
ktonnes
%TCu

Total

2115

6,302

0.479

54

0.01

6,356

7
7

2115
2100

7,961
3,191
11,152

0.466
0.470
0.467

41
0
41

0.01
0.00
0.00

8,002
3,191
11,193

8
8

2115
2100

4,159
5,170
9,329

0.345
0.374
0.361

1,331
1,181
2,512

0.32
0.23
0.27

5,490
6,351
11,841

2100

7,035

0.569

0.00

7,042

33,818

0.461

2,614

0.08

36,432

2024

Total

Table 4-16 (Continued)

Original Mine Plan
Year

Pushback

Bench

2025

2100

3,197

0.458

31

0.01

3,228

7
7

2100
2085

4,019
7,949
11,968

0.470
0.453
0.458

160
238
398

0.04
0.03
0.03

4,179
8,187
12,366

2085

4,963

0.369

642

0.13

5,605

9
9

2085
2070

6,968
6,629
13,597

0.569
0.554
0.561

38
43
81

0.01
0.01
0.01

7,006
6,672
13,678

33,725

0.487

1,152

0.03

34,877

2025

2026

Waste
ktonnes

W:O
Ratio

TotMtl
ktonnes

2070

4,143

0.405

114

0.03

4,257

8
8
8

2070
2055
2040

5,668
6,922
3,835
16,425

0.429
0.398
0.394
0.407

947
553
345
1,845

0.17
0.08
0.09
0.11

6,615
7,475
4,180
18,270

9
9
9

2070
2055
2040

186
6,743
6,230
13,159

0.554
0.554
0.545
0.550

0
87
175
262

0.00
0.01
0.03
0.02

186
6,830
6,405
13,421

33,727

0.463

2,221

0.07

35,948

2026

2027

Total

Ore
ktonnes
%TCu

Total

8
8

2040
2025

1,387
3,648
5,035

0.394
0.378
0.382

0
330
330

0.00
0.09
0.07

1,387
3,978
5,365

9
9
9
9

2025
2010
1995
1980

5,763
7,550
5,580
3,180
22,073

0.533
0.483
0.468
0.455
0.488

205
350
233
80
868

0.04
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.04

5,968
7,900
5,813
3,260
22,941

27,108

0.468

1,198

0.04

28,306

2027

Total

Table 4-17
Pushback Reserves
Push
Back
4

Bench

Mill Feed
ktonnes
%TCu

Waste
ktonnes

W:O
Ratio

TotMtl
ktonnes

2295
2280
2265
2250
2235
2220
2205

152
4,562
6,308
6,790
6,490
8,804
6,617

0.505
0.508
0.525
0.519
0.513
0.521
0.518

0
0
77
14
0
0
40

0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01

152
4,562
6,385
6,804
6,490
8,804
6,657

Total

39,723

0.518

131

0.00

39,854

Push
Back
5

Bench

Mill Feed
ktonnes
%TCu

Waste
ktonnes

W:O
Ratio

TotMtl
ktonnes

2520
2505
2490
2475
2460
2445
2430
2415
2400
2385
Strip

0
1
177
466
1,060
1,670
2,658
3,049
3,768
4,063
16,912

0.000
0.511
0.491
0.506
0.515
0.413
0.445
0.470
0.481
0.524
0.480

358
0.00
7,257 ######
10,877
61.45
9,051
19.42
9,753
9.20
9,071
5.43
6,993
2.63
6,167
2.02
5,074
1.35
4,421
1.09
69,022
4.08

358
7,258
11,054
9,517
10,813
10,741
9,651
9,216
8,842
8,484
85,934

2370
2355
2340
2325
2310
2295
2280
2265
2250
2235
2220
2205
2190
2175
2160
2145
Ore+IW

4,450
4,941
5,314
6,757
7,300
7,880
7,506
6,914
6,338
6,010
10,812
4,911
9,772
8,111
5,836
3,776
106,628

0.528
0.530
0.528
0.516
0.509
0.508
0.518
0.529
0.544
0.656
0.539
0.540
0.526
0.533
0.513
0.536
0.533

3,824
2,847
2,275
726
170
0
0
0
93
41
80
0
3
0
0
0
10,059

0.86
0.58
0.43
0.11
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.09

8,274
7,788
7,589
7,483
7,470
7,880
7,506
6,914
6,431
6,051
10,892
4,911
9,775
8,111
5,836
3,776
116,687

Total

123,540

0.526

79,081

0.64

202,621

Table 4-17 (Continued)

Pushback Reserves
Push
Back
6

Bench

Mill Feed
ktonnes
%TCu

Waste
ktonnes

W:O
Ratio

TotMtl
ktonnes

2670
2655
2640
2625
2610
2595
2580
2565
2550
2535
2520
2505
2490
2475
2460
2445
2430
2415
2400
2385
Strip

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
36
35
1,496
2,440
3,683
4,786
12,478

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.453
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.438
0.381
0.459
0.488
0.476
0.490
0.481

11
0.00
180
0.00
784
0.00
925
0.00
1,178
0.00
1,652
0.00
2,649
0.00
3,098
0.00
3,316
0.00
4,721 ######
5,129
0.00
5,612
0.00
5,671
0.00
6,030
0.00
6,716 186.56
8,086 231.03
11,040
7.38
10,033
4.11
8,851
2.40
7,837
1.64
93,519
7.49

11
180
784
925
1,178
1,652
2,649
3,098
3,316
4,723
5,129
5,612
5,671
6,030
6,752
8,121
12,536
12,473
12,534
12,623
105,997

2370
2355
2340
2325
2310
2295
2280
2265
2250
2235
2220
2205
2190
2175
2160
2145
2130
2115
2100
Ore+IW

6,313
6,557
7,675
8,230
9,301
10,008
9,729
10,390
11,054
11,241
10,549
10,432
9,660
8,297
8,134
7,680
8,820
6,302
3,197
163,569

0.466
0.475
0.458
0.450
0.430
0.419
0.409
0.400
0.390
0.401
0.415
0.436
0.431
0.439
0.456
0.481
0.494
0.479
0.458
0.436

3,742
3,647
4,176
4,127
3,388
2,245
2,161
1,815
1,376
1,228
857
627
465
515
231
102
72
53
30
30,857

0.59
0.56
0.54
0.50
0.36
0.22
0.22
0.17
0.12
0.11
0.08
0.06
0.05
0.06
0.03
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.19

10,055
10,204
11,851
12,357
12,689
12,253
11,890
12,205
12,430
12,469
11,406
11,059
10,125
8,812
8,365
7,782
8,892
6,355
3,227
194,426

Total

176,047

0.440

124,376

0.71

300,423

Push
Back
7

Bench

Mill Feed
ktonnes
%TCu

Waste
ktonnes

W:O
Ratio

35
0.00
240
0.00
1,166
0.00
1,565
0.00
2,938
0.00
3,337
0.00
3,411
0.00
3,955
0.00
5,085
0.00
5,319
0.00
6,273
0.00
7,121
0.00
8,397
0.00
8,487
0.00
9,349
0.00
9,544 127.25
9,771 407.13
9,674
0.00
9,476 ######
9,202
90.22
8,727
26.13
8,421
20.44
7,744
8.20
7,215
5.72
9,343
4.41
8,255
2.58
6,954
1.52
171,004
13.11

TotMtl
ktonnes

2730
2715
2700
2685
2670
2655
2640
2625
2610
2595
2580
2565
2550
2535
2520
2505
2490
2475
2460
2445
2430
2415
2400
2385
2370
2355
2340
Strip

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
75
24
0
6
102
334
412
944
1,262
2,118
3,200
4,564
13,041

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.325
0.500
0.000
0.150
0.259
0.324
0.335
0.335
0.343
0.379
0.408
0.414
0.387

35
240
1,166
1,565
2,938
3,337
3,411
3,955
5,085
5,319
6,273
7,121
8,397
8,487
9,349
9,619
9,795
9,674
9,482
9,304
9,061
8,833
8,688
8,477
11,461
11,455
11,518
184,045

2325
2310
2295
2280
2265
2250
2235
2220
2205
2190
2175
2160
2145
2130
2115
2100
2085
2070
Ore+IW

6,078
8,603
10,048
10,650
10,866
10,879
10,427
10,542
9,721
9,285
9,040
8,874
8,494
8,238
7,961
7,210
7,949
4,143
159,008

0.428
0.408
0.419
0.438
0.458
0.459
0.483
0.490
0.474
0.486
0.474
0.468
0.465
0.486
0.466
0.470
0.453
0.405
0.459

5,430
2,426
1,322
712
366
14
12
88
170
181
156
33
0
16
42
160
238
114
11,480

0.89
0.28
0.13
0.07
0.03
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.03
0.07

11,508
11,029
11,370
11,362
11,232
10,893
10,439
10,630
9,891
9,466
9,196
8,907
8,494
8,254
8,003
7,370
8,187
4,257
170,488

Total

172,049

0.454

182,484

1.06

354,533

Table 4-17 (Continued)

Pushback Reserves
Push
Back
8

Bench

Mill Feed
ktonnes
%TCu

Waste
ktonnes

W:O
Ratio

1,459
0.00
6,861
0.00
8,298
0.00
6,313
0.00
9,136
0.00
10,382
0.00
12,017
0.00
12,489
0.00
12,677 633.85
12,880 243.02
12,983 ######
13,347 333.68
13,222
57.74
13,579
83.31
13,363
32.75
12,971
11.97
11,669
5.33
11,141
3.79
9,008
2.77
7,043
1.35
5,441
0.81
216,279
9.68

TotMtl
ktonnes

2730
2715
2700
2685
2670
2655
2640
2625
2610
2595
2580
2565
2550
2535
2520
2505
2490
2475
2460
2445
2430
Strip

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
20
53
2
40
229
163
408
1,084
2,189
2,939
3,248
5,213
6,756
22,344

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.413
0.300
0.300
0.250
0.296
0.304
0.466
0.688
0.526
0.579
0.508
0.438
0.415
0.478

1,459
6,861
8,298
6,313
9,136
10,382
12,017
12,489
12,697
12,933
12,985
13,387
13,451
13,742
13,771
14,055
13,858
14,080
12,256
12,256
12,197
238,623

2415
2400
2385
2370
2355
2340
2325
2310
2295
2280
2265
2250
2235
2220
2205
2190
2175
2160
2145
2130
2115
2100
2085
2070
2055
2040
2025
Ore+IW

7,916
8,686
8,626
9,379
9,930
10,252
10,171
9,934
9,574
9,351
8,876
8,420
8,085
7,366
7,299
7,105
7,174
6,782
6,138
5,054
4,457
5,170
4,963
5,668
6,922
5,222
3,648
202,168

0.401
0.403
0.423
0.430
0.421
0.394
0.388
0.380
0.370
0.369
0.365
0.365
0.350
0.339
0.331
0.331
0.323
0.319
0.319
0.335
0.345
0.374
0.369
0.429
0.398
0.394
0.378
0.375

4,022
3,022
2,784
1,788
1,084
677
374
504
592
523
642
775
780
1,068
783
857
510
622
847
1,650
1,331
1,181
642
947
553
345
330
29,233

0.51
0.35
0.32
0.19
0.11
0.07
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.06
0.07
0.09
0.10
0.14
0.11
0.12
0.07
0.09
0.14
0.33
0.30
0.23
0.13
0.17
0.08
0.07
0.09
0.14

11,938
11,708
11,410
11,167
11,014
10,929
10,545
10,438
10,166
9,874
9,518
9,195
8,865
8,434
8,082
7,962
7,684
7,404
6,985
6,704
5,788
6,351
5,605
6,615
7,475
5,567
3,978
231,401

Total

224,512

0.385

245,512

1.09

470,024

Push
Back
9

Bench

Mill Feed
ktonnes
%TCu

Waste
ktonnes

W:O
Ratio

TotMtl
ktonnes

2730
2715
2700
2685
2670
2655
2640
2625
2610
2595
2580
2565
2550
2535
2520
2505
2490
2475
2460
2445
2430
2415
2400
2385
2370
2355
2340
2325
2310
2295
2280
Strip

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
49
40
40
210
310
473
385
618
849
1,561
2,183
2,911
3,272
3,646
3,883
4,551
24,981

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.325
0.263
0.263
0.168
0.200
0.230
0.295
0.333
0.360
0.306
0.345
0.370
0.380
0.393
0.403
0.421
0.373

69
1,150
1,461
1,462
1,596
1,663
1,738
1,898
2,030
2,200
2,494
4,552
4,754
5,156
5,837
6,589
6,845
7,048
7,088
7,187
7,188
7,490
7,466
7,410
6,876
6,447
5,892
5,644
5,458
4,997
4,210
141,895

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
134.47
171.13
176.20
33.75
23.18
15.20
19.45
12.08
8.73
4.40
2.95
2.02
1.72
1.50
1.29
0.93
5.68

69
1,150
1,461
1,462
1,596
1,663
1,738
1,898
2,030
2,200
2,494
4,552
4,754
5,156
5,837
6,638
6,885
7,088
7,298
7,497
7,661
7,875
8,084
8,259
8,437
8,630
8,803
8,916
9,104
8,880
8,761
166,876

2265
2250
2235
2220
2205
2190
2175
2160
2145
2130
2115
2100
2085
2070
2055
2040
2025
2010
1995
1980
Ore+IW

5,178
6,336
7,288
7,648
7,612
7,752
7,425
7,353
7,293
7,110
7,091
7,035
6,968
6,815
6,743
6,230
5,763
7,550
5,580
3,180
133,950

0.444
0.441
0.436
0.440
0.464
0.475
0.491
0.491
0.515
0.515
0.564
0.569
0.569
0.554
0.554
0.545
0.533
0.483
0.468
0.455
0.501

3,426
2,106
995
528
362
0
141
47
0
0
0
8
38
43
87
175
206
349
233
80
8,824

0.66
0.33
0.14
0.07
0.05
0.00
0.02
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.07

8,604
8,442
8,283
8,176
7,974
7,752
7,566
7,400
7,293
7,110
7,091
7,043
7,006
6,858
6,830
6,405
5,969
7,899
5,813
3,260
142,774

Total

158,931

0.481

150,719

0.95

309,650

Table 4-18
Exposed Ore Inventory
Original Mine Plan
Exposed
Ore
ktonnes

Months
@ 33,726
ktpy

Year
2018

Year

Pushback

2001

14,358

5.1

2002

105,545

37.6

2003

71,819

25.6

2004

39,568

14.1

2005

5
6

17,724
162,598
180,322

64.2

2006

2007

5
6

5
6

17,724
128,872
146,596

52.2

17,724
95,245
112,969

40.2

2019

2020

2021
2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

5
6

5
6

5
6
7

5
6
7

5
6
7

5
6
7

17,724
61,869
79,593

28.3

14,349
34,135
48,484

17.3

4,719
26,001
152,931
183,651

65.3

3,778
26,001
120,146
149,925

2022

2023

53.3

3,778
26,001
86,443
116,222

41.4

3,778
26,001
54,601
84,380

30.0

2024

2025
2014

2015

2016

2017

5
6
7

5
6
7
8

5
6
7
8

5
6
7
8

3,778
19,753
35,499
59,030
2
9,501
30,285
199,652
239,440
2
9,501
27,261
168,988
205,752
2
9,501
27,261
136,255
173,019

21.0

2026

85.2

2027
73.2

61.6

Pushback
5
6
7
8

5
6
7
8

5
6
7
8
9

5
6
7
8
9

5
6
7
8
9

5
6
7
8
9

5
6
7
8
9

5
6
7
8
9

5
6
7
8
9

5
6
7
8
9

Exposed
Ore
ktonnes

Months
@ 33,726
ktpy

2
9,501
27,261
108,125
144,889

51.6

2
9,501
27,261
92,663
129,427

46.1

2
9,501
27,261
82,967
109,826
229,557

81.7

2
9,501
27,261
66,931
92,136
195,831

69.7

2
9,501
27,261
47,983
77,358
162,105

57.7

2
9,251
27,261
35,751
55,864
128,129

45.6

2
3,199
16,109
26,422
48,829
94,561

33.6

2
2
4,141
21,459
35,232
60,836

21.6

2
2
-188
5,034
22,073
26,923

9.6

2
2
-188
-1
0
-185

-0.1

Ore at bottom of pushback carried forward

AFTER succeeding pushback is stripped

Table 4-19
Calculation of Total Material Mining Rate(s)
Unsmoothed
Benches (incl.)
from
to
no.

Increment
PB 4 (o&iw)
PB 5 (strip)

PB 5 (o&iw)
PB 6 (strip)

PB 6 (o&iw)
PB 7 (strip)

PB 7 (o&iw)
PB 8 (strip)

PB 8 (o&iw)
PB 9 (strip)

PB 9 (o&iw)

7500
8250

7750
8750

7750
8950

7600
8950

7900
8950

7400

7200
7800

7000
7800

6850
7650

6750
7850

6600
7450

6450

* Ore Mining Rates:

31,458
33,726

Ore
ktonnes

Smoothed
TotMtl
TotMtl
Rate
ktonnes
ktpy

Ore
Years *

TotMtl
ktonnes

TotMtl
Rate
ktpy

1.80

38,853
86,203
125,056

69,463

9.4

3.53

116,685
106,000
222,685

63,056

10.2

5.24

194,424
184,043
378,467

72,273

8.8

5.38

170,487
238,622
409,109

76,082

7.6

59,138

8.6

6.74

398,303

59,138

8.6

35,942

5.0

3.97

142,753

35,942

5.0

7
10
17

39,723
16,912
56,635

16
20
36

106,626
12,478
119,104

19
27
46

163,569
13,041
176,610

18
23
41

159,009
22,344
181,353

27
31
58

202,167
24,981
227,148

6.74

231,403
166,900
398,303

20

133,950

3.97

142,753

ktpy for first increment (2001 & 2002)

ktpy for balance

Benches
per
Year

Ore
Years *

Benches
per
Year

1.80

125,056

69,463

9.4

14.15

1,010,261

71,420

8.7

Table 4-20
Revised (Unsmoothed)
Production Schedule
Annual Summary
Year
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027

Mill Ore
ktonnes
%TCu

Waste
ktonnes

26,009
31,707
33,726
33,726
33,726
33,726
33,726
33,726
33,726
33,726
33,726
33,726
33,726
33,726
33,726
33,726
33,726
33,726
33,726
33,726
33,726
33,726
33,726
33,726
33,726
33,726
27,620

0.516
0.499
0.518
0.530
0.517
0.491
0.433
0.399
0.422
0.458
0.432
0.431
0.474
0.476
0.478
0.465
0.413
0.405
0.372
0.349
0.328
0.370
0.403
0.450
0.503
0.561
0.499

27,634
41,593
29,274
29,274
29,274
31,274
38,274
38,274
38,274
38,274
40,274
42,274
42,274
42,274
42,274
42,274
26,274
26,274
26,274
26,274
26,274
26,274
25,977
4,214
188
194
1,025

894,760

0.451

782,305

W:O
Ratio
1.06
1.31
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.93
1.13
1.13
1.13
1.13
1.19
1.25
1.25
1.25
1.25
1.25
0.78
0.78
0.78
0.78
0.78
0.78
0.77
0.12
0.01
0.01
0.04

TotMtl
ktonnes
53,643
73,300
63,000
63,000
63,000
65,000
72,000
72,000
72,000
72,000
74,000
76,000
76,000
76,000
76,000
76,000
60,000
60,000
60,000
60,000
60,000
60,000
59,703
37,940
33,914
33,920
28,645

0.87 1,677,065

Table 4-21
Revised (Smoothed)
Production Schedule
Annual Summary
Year
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027

Mill Ore
ktonnes %TCu

Waste
ktonnes

26,009
31,707
33,726
33,726
33,726
33,726
33,726
33,726
33,726
33,726
33,726
33,726
33,726
33,726
33,726
33,726
33,726
33,726
33,726
33,726
33,726
33,726
33,726
33,726
33,726
33,726
27,629

0.516
0.499
0.518
0.526
0.518
0.497
0.433
0.399
0.419
0.432
0.445
0.448
0.474
0.475
0.482
0.461
0.413
0.404
0.368
0.359
0.348
0.363
0.404
0.428
0.503
0.562
0.499

27,634
41,593
38,274
38,274
38,274
38,274
38,274
38,274
38,274
38,274
38,274
38,274
38,274
38,274
38,274
38,274
38,274
38,274
38,274
26,274
16,274
11,274
5,216
1,973
188
187
1,032

894,769

0.451

782,303

W:O
Ratio
1.06
1.31
1.13
1.13
1.13
1.13
1.13
1.13
1.13
1.13
1.13
1.13
1.13
1.13
1.13
1.13
1.13
1.13
1.13
0.78
0.48
0.33
0.15
0.06
0.01
0.01
0.05

TotMtl
ktonnes
53,643
73,300
72,000
72,000
72,000
72,000
72,000
72,000
72,000
72,000
72,000
72,000
72,000
72,000
72,000
72,000
72,000
72,000
72,000
60,000
50,000
45,000
38,942
35,699
33,914
33,913
28,661

0.87 1,677,072

Table 4-22
Revised Production Schedule
(Unsmoothed)
Year

Pushback

2001

2295
2280
2265
2250
2235
2220

152
4,562
6,308
6,790
6,490
1,063
25,365

0.505
0.508
0.525
0.519
0.513
0.521
0.517

2520
2505
2490
2475

0
1
177
466
644

2001

2002

Total

Mill Ore
ktonnes
%TCu

Waste
ktonnes
0
0
77
14
0
0
91

W:O
Ratio

TotMtl
ktonnes

0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

152
4,562
6,385
6,804
6,490
1,063
25,456

0.000
0.511
0.491
0.506
0.502

358
0.00
7,257 #####
10,877 61.45
9,051 19.42
27,543 42.77

358
7,258
11,054
9,517
28,187

26,009

0.516

27,634

1.06

53,643

2220
2205

7,741
6,617
14,358

0.521
0.518
0.520

0
40
40

0.00
0.01
0.00

7,741
6,657
14,398

2460
2445
2430
2415
2400
2385
2370

1,060
1,670
2,658
3,049
3,768
4,063
1,081
17,349

0.515
0.413
0.445
0.470
0.481
0.524
0.528
0.482

9,753
9,071
6,993
6,167
5,074
4,421
74
41,553

9.20
5.43
2.63
2.02
1.35
1.09
0.07
2.40

10,813
10,741
9,651
9,216
8,842
8,484
1,155
58,902

31,707

0.499

41,593

1.31

73,300

3,750
2,847
2,275
726
170
0
9,768

1.11
0.58
0.43
0.11
0.02
0.00
0.29

7,119
7,788
7,589
7,483
7,470
6,043
43,492

2002

2003

Bench

Total

2370
2355
2340
2325
2310
2295

3,369
4,941
5,314
6,757
7,300
6,043
33,724

0.528
0.530
0.528
0.516
0.509
0.508
0.518

2670
2655
2640
2625
2610
2595
2580
2565
2550
2535
2520

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
2

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.453
0.000
0.453

11
0.00
180
0.00
784
0.00
925
0.00
1,178
0.00
1,652
0.00
2,649
0.00
3,098
0.00
3,316
0.00
4,721 #####
992
0.00
19,506 #####

11
180
784
925
1,178
1,652
2,649
3,098
3,316
4,723
992
19,508

33,726

0.518

29,274

63,000

2003

Total

0.87

Table 4-22 (Continued)

Revised Production Schedule
(Unsmoothed)
Year

Pushback

2004

2295
2280
2265
2250
2235
2220

1,837
7,506
6,914
6,338
6,010
5,085
33,690

0.508
0.518
0.529
0.544
0.531
0.539
0.530

2520
2505
2490
2475
2460
2445

0
0
0
0
36
0
36

2004

2005

Total

Mill Ore
ktonnes
%TCu

Waste
ktonnes
0
0
0
93
41
80
214

W:O
Ratio

TotMtl
ktonnes

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01

1,837
7,506
6,914
6,431
6,051
5,165
33,904

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.438
0.000
0.438

4,137
0.00
5,612
0.00
5,671
0.00
6,030
0.00
6,716 #####
894
0.00
29,060 #####

4,137
5,612
5,671
6,030
6,752
894
29,096

33,726

0.530

29,274

0.87

63,000

0
0
4
0
4

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

5,727
4,911
9,776
5,662
26,076

2220
2205
2190
2175

5,727
4,911
9,772
5,662
26,072

0.539
0.540
0.526
0.533
0.533

2445
2430
2415
2400

35
1,496
2,440
3,683
7,654

0.381
0.459
0.450
0.476
0.464

7,192 #####
11,040
7.38
10,033
4.11
1,005
0.27
29,270
3.82

7,227
12,536
12,473
4,688
36,924

33,726

0.517

29,274

0.87

63,000

2005

2006

Bench

Total

2175
2160
2145

2,449
5,836
3,776
12,061

0.533
0.513
0.536
0.524

0
0
0
0

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

2,449
5,836
3,776
12,061

2400
2385
2370
2355
2340

0
4,786
6,313
6,557
4,009
21,665

0.000
0.490
0.466
0.475
0.458
0.473

7,846
7,837
3,742
3,647
2,181
25,253

0.00
1.64
0.59
0.56
0.54
1.17

7,846
12,623
10,055
10,204
6,190
46,918

2730
2715
2700
2685
2670
2655

0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

35
240
1,166
1,565
2,938
77
6,021

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

35
240
1,166
1,565
2,938
77
6,021

33,726

0.491

31,274

0.93

65,000

2006

Total

Table 4-22 (Continued)

Revised Production Schedule
(Unsmoothed)
Year

Pushback

2007

2340
2325
2310
2295
2280

3,666
8,230
9,301
10,008
2,521
33,726

0.458
0.450
0.430
0.419
0.409
0.433

1,995
4,127
3,388
2,245
560
12,315

0.54
0.50
0.36
0.22
0.22
0.37

5,661
12,357
12,689
12,253
3,081
46,041

2655
2640
2625
2610
2595
2580

0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

3,260
3,411
3,955
5,085
5,319
4,929
25,959

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

3,260
3,411
3,955
5,085
5,319
4,929
25,959

33,726

0.433

38,274

1.13

72,000

2007

2008

Waste
ktonnes

W:O
Ratio

TotMtl
ktonnes

2280
2265
2250
2235

7,208
10,390
11,054
5,074
33,726

0.409
0.400
0.390
0.401
0.399

1,601
1,815
1,376
554
5,346

0.22
0.17
0.12
0.11
0.16

8,809
12,205
12,430
5,628
39,072

2580
2565
2550
2535
2520

0
0
0
0
0
0

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

1,344
7,121
8,397
8,487
7,579
32,928

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

1,344
7,121
8,397
8,487
7,579
32,928

33,726

0.399

38,274

1.13

72,000

674
857
628
312
2,471

0.11
0.08
0.06
0.05
0.07

6,841
11,406
11,060
6,791
36,098

Total

2235
2220
2205
2190

6,167
10,549
10,432
6,479
33,627

0.401
0.415
0.436
0.431
0.422

2520
2505
2490
2475
2460

0
75
24
0
0
99

0.000
0.325
0.500
0.000
0.000
0.367

1,770
0.00
9,544 #####
9,771 #####
9,674
0.00
5,044
0.00
35,803 #####

1,770
9,619
9,795
9,674
5,044
35,902

33,726

0.422

38,274

1.13

72,000

153
515
231
102
46
1,047

0.05
0.06
0.03
0.01
0.01
0.03

3,334
8,812
8,365
7,782
5,626
33,919

2009

2010

Total

Mill Ore
ktonnes
%TCu

2008

2009

Bench

Total

2190
2175
2160
2145
2130

3,181
8,297
8,134
7,680
5,580
32,872

0.431
0.439
0.456
0.481
0.494
0.462

2460
2445
2430
2415
2400

6
102
334
412
0
854

0.150
0.259
0.324
0.335
0.000
0.320

4,432 #####
9,202 90.22
8,727 26.13
8,421 20.44
6,445
0.00
37,227 43.59

4,438
9,304
9,061
8,833
6,445
38,081

33,726

0.458

38,274

72,000

2010

Total

1.13

Table 4-22 (Continued)

Revised Production Schedule
(Unsmoothed)
Year

Pushback

2011

2130
2115
2100

3,240
6,302
3,197
12,739

0.494
0.479
0.458
0.477

26
53
30
109

0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01

3,266
6,355
3,227
12,848

2400
2385
2370
2355
2340
2325
2310

944
1,262
2,118
3,200
4,564
6,078
2,821
20,987

0.335
0.343
0.379
0.408
0.414
0.428
0.408
0.405

1,299
7,215
9,343
8,255
6,954
5,430
1,669
40,165

1.38
5.72
4.41
2.58
1.52
0.89
0.59
1.91

2,243
8,477
11,461
11,455
11,518
11,508
4,490
61,152

33,726

0.432

40,274

1.19

74,000

2011

2012

Waste
ktonnes

W:O
Ratio

TotMtl
ktonnes

2310
2295
2280
2265

5,782
10,048
10,650
7,246
33,726

0.408
0.419
0.438
0.458
0.431

757
1,322
712
244
3,035

0.13
0.13
0.07
0.03
0.09

6,539
11,370
11,362
7,490
36,761

2730
2715
2700
2685
2670
2655

0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

1,459
6,861
8,298
6,313
9,136
7,172
39,239

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

1,459
6,861
8,298
6,313
9,136
7,172
39,239

33,726

0.431

42,274

1.25

76,000

122
14
12
73
221

0.03
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01

3,742
10,893
10,439
8,853
33,927

Total

2265
2250
2235
2220

3,620
10,879
10,427
8,780
33,706

0.458
0.459
0.483
0.490
0.474

2655
2640
2625
2610
2595

0
0
0
20
0
20

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.413
0.000
0.413

3,210
0.00
12,017
0.00
12,489
0.00
12,677 #####
1,660
0.00
42,053 #####

3,210
12,017
12,489
12,697
1,660
42,073

33,726

0.474

42,274

1.25

76,000

2013

2014

Total

Mill Ore
ktonnes
%TCu

2012

2013

Bench

Total

2220
2205
2190
2175
2160

1,762
9,721
9,285
9,040
3,594
33,402

0.490
0.474
0.486
0.474
0.468
0.477

15
170
181
156
13
535

0.01
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.00
0.02

1,777
9,891
9,466
9,196
3,607
33,937

2595
2580
2565
2550

53
2
40
229
324

0.300
0.300
0.250
0.296
0.291

11,220
12,983
13,347
4,189
41,739

#####
#####
#####
18.29
#####

11,273
12,985
13,387
4,418
42,063

33,726

0.476

42,274

1.25

76,000

2014

Total

Table 4-22 (Continued)

Revised Production Schedule
(Unsmoothed)
Year

Pushback

2015

2160
2145
2130
2115
2100

5,280
8,494
8,238
7,961
2,098
32,071

0.468
0.465
0.486
0.466
0.470
0.472

20
0
16
42
47
125

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.00

5,300
8,494
8,254
8,003
2,145
32,196

2550
2535
2520
2505

0
163
408
1,084
1,655

0.000
0.304
0.466
0.688
0.595

9,033
13,579
13,363
6,174
42,149

0.00
83.31
32.75
5.70
25.47

9,033
13,742
13,771
7,258
43,804

33,726

0.478

42,274

1.25

76,000

2015

2016

2017

Bench

Total

Mill Ore
ktonnes
%TCu

Waste
ktonnes

W:O
Ratio

TotMtl
ktonnes

2100
2085
2070

5,112
7,949
4,143
17,204

0.470
0.453
0.405
0.446

113
238
114
465

0.02
0.03
0.03
0.03

5,225
8,187
4,257
17,669

2505
2490
2475
2460
2445
2430

0
2,189
2,939
3,248
5,213
2,933
16,522

0.000
0.526
0.579
0.508
0.438
0.415
0.484

6,797
11,669
11,141
9,008
3,194
0
41,809

0.00
5.33
3.79
2.77
0.61
0.00
2.53

6,797
13,858
14,080
12,256
8,407
2,933
58,331

2016

Total

33,726

0.465

42,274

1.25

76,000

2445
2430
2415
2400
2385
2370
Total

0
3,823
7,916
8,686
8,626
4,675
33,726

0.000
0.415
0.401
0.403
0.423
0.430
0.413

3,849
5,441
4,022
3,022
2,784
891
20,009

0.00
1.42
0.51
0.35
0.32
0.19
0.59

3,849
9,264
11,938
11,708
11,410
5,566
53,735

2730
2715
2700
2685
2670
2655

0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

69
1,150
1,461
1,462
1,596
527
6,265

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

69
1,150
1,461
1,462
1,596
527
6,265

33,726

0.413

26,274

0.78

60,000

2017

Total

Table 4-22 (Continued)

Revised Production Schedule
(Unsmoothed)
Year

Pushback

2018

2370
2355
2340
2325

4,704
9,930
10,252
8,840
33,726

0.430
0.421
0.394
0.388
0.405

897
1,084
677
325
2,983

0.19
0.11
0.07
0.04
0.09

5,601
11,014
10,929
9,165
36,709

2655
2640
2625
2610
2595
2580
2565
2550
2535

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

1,136
1,738
1,898
2,030
2,200
2,494
4,552
4,754
2,489
23,291

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

1,136
1,738
1,898
2,030
2,200
2,494
4,552
4,754
2,489
23,291

33,726

0.405

26,274

0.78

60,000

49
504
592
523
246
1,914

0.04
0.05
0.06
0.06
0.07
0.06

1,380
10,438
10,166
9,874
3,653
35,511

2018

2019

Waste
ktonnes

W:O
Ratio

TotMtl
ktonnes

2325
2310
2295
2280
2265

1,331
9,934
9,574
9,351
3,407
33,597

0.388
0.380
0.370
0.369
0.365
0.373

2535
2520
2505
2490
2475

0
0
49
40
40
129

0.000
0.000
0.325
0.263
0.263
0.286

2,667
0.00
5,837
0.00
6,589 #####
6,845 #####
2,422 60.55
24,360 #####

2,667
5,837
6,638
6,885
2,462
24,489

33,726

0.372

26,274

0.78

60,000

Total

2265
2250
2235
2220
2205

5,469
8,420
8,085
7,366
3,866
33,206

0.365
0.365
0.350
0.339
0.331
0.352

396
775
780
1,068
415
3,434

0.07
0.09
0.10
0.14
0.11
0.10

5,865
9,195
8,865
8,434
4,281
36,640

2475
2460
2445
2430

0
210
310
0
520

0.000
0.168
0.200
0.000
0.187

4,626
7,088
7,187
3,939
22,840

0.00
33.75
23.18
0.00
43.92

4,626
7,298
7,497
3,939
23,360

33,726

0.349

26,274

0.78

60,000

2020

2021

Total

Mill Ore
ktonnes
%TCu

2019

2020

Bench

Total

2205
2190
2175
2160
2145
2130

3,433
7,105
7,174
6,782
6,138
769
31,401

0.331
0.331
0.323
0.319
0.319
0.515
0.329

368
857
510
622
847
251
3,455

0.11
0.12
0.07
0.09
0.14
0.33
0.11

3,801
7,962
7,684
7,404
6,985
1,020
34,856

2430
2415
2400
2385

473
385
618
849
2,325

0.230
0.295
0.333
0.360
0.315

3,249
7,490
7,466
4,614
22,819

6.87
19.45
12.08
5.43
9.81

3,722
7,875
8,084
5,463
25,144

33,726

0.328

26,274

0.78

60,000

2021

Total

Table 4-22 (Continued)

Revised Production Schedule
(Unsmoothed)
Year

Pushback

2022

2130
2115
2100
2085
2070
2055

4,285
4,457
5,170
4,963
5,668
2,528
27,071

0.335
0.345
0.374
0.369
0.429
0.398
0.376

1,399
1,331
1,181
642
947
202
5,702

0.33
0.30
0.23
0.13
0.17
0.08
0.21

5,684
5,788
6,351
5,605
6,615
2,730
32,773

2385
2370
2355
2340

0
1,561
2,183
2,911
6,655

0.000
0.306
0.345
0.370
0.347

2,796
6,876
6,447
4,453
20,572

0.00
4.40
2.95
1.53
3.09

2,796
8,437
8,630
7,364
27,227

33,726

0.370

26,274

0.78

60,000

2022

2023

Bench

Total

Mill Ore
ktonnes
%TCu

Waste
ktonnes

W:O
Ratio

TotMtl
ktonnes

2055
2040
2025

4,394
5,222
3,648
13,264

0.398
0.394
0.378
0.391

351
345
330
1,026

0.08
0.07
0.09
0.08

4,745
5,567
3,978
14,290

2340
2325
2310
2295
2280
2265

0
3,272
3,646
3,883
4,551
5,110
20,462

0.000
0.380
0.393
0.403
0.421
0.444
0.412

1,439
5,644
5,458
4,997
4,210
3,203
24,951

0.00
1.72
1.50
1.29
0.93
0.63
1.22

1,439
8,916
9,104
8,880
8,761
8,313
45,413

33,726

0.403

25,977

0.77

59,703

2023

Total

2024

2265
2250
2235
2220
2205
2190

68
6,336
7,288
7,648
7,612
4,774
33,726

0.444
0.441
0.436
0.440
0.464
0.475
0.450

223
2,106
995
528
362
0
4,214

3.28
0.33
0.14
0.07
0.05
0.00
0.12

291
8,442
8,283
8,176
7,974
4,774
37,940

2025

2190
2175
2160
2145
2130
2115

2,978
7,425
7,353
7,293
7,110
1,567
33,726

0.475
0.491
0.491
0.515
0.515
0.564
0.503

0
141
47
0
0
0
188

0.00
0.02
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01

2,978
7,566
7,400
7,293
7,110
1,567
33,914

2026

2115
2100
2085
2070
2055
2040

5,524
7,035
6,968
6,815
6,743
641
33,726

0.564
0.569
0.569
0.554
0.554
0.545
0.561

0
8
38
43
87
18
194

0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.03
0.01

5,524
7,043
7,006
6,858
6,830
659
33,920

2027

2040
2025
2010
1995
1980

5,589
5,763
7,550
5,580
3,180
27,662

0.545
0.533
0.483
0.468
0.455
0.499

157
206
349
233
80
1,025

0.03
0.04
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.04

5,746
5,969
7,899
5,813
3,260
28,687

Table 4-23
Smoothed Mine Production Schedule
Phase

2001

2295
2280
2265
2250
2235
2220

152
4,562
6,308
6,790
6,490
1,063
25,365

0.505
0.508
0.525
0.519
0.513
0.521
0.517

2520
2505
2490
2475

0
1
177
466
644

2002

2003

Bench

Mill Ore
ktonnes
TCu

Year

Waste
ktonnes
0
0
77
14
0
0
91

W:O
Ratio

TotMtl
ktonnes

0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

152
4,562
6,385
6,804
6,490
1,063
25,456

0.000
0.511
0.491
0.506
0.502

358
0.00
7,257 #####
10,877 61.45
9,051 19.42
27,543 42.77

358
7,258
11,054
9,517
28,187

26,009

0.516

27,634

1.06

53,643

2220
2205

7,741
6,617
14,358

0.521
0.518
0.520

0
40
40

0.00
0.01
0.00

7,741
6,657
14,398

2460
2445
2430
2415
2400
2385
2370

1,060
1,670
2,658
3,049
3,768
4,063
1,081
17,349

0.515
0.413
0.445
0.470
0.481
0.524
0.528
0.482

9,753
9,071
6,993
6,167
5,074
4,421
74
41,553

9.20
5.43
2.63
2.02
1.35
1.09
0.07
2.40

10,813
10,741
9,651
9,216
8,842
8,484
1,155
58,902

31,707

0.499

41,593

1.31

73,300

3,750
2,847
2,275
726
170
0
9,768

1.11
0.58
0.43
0.11
0.02
0.00
0.29

7,119
7,788
7,589
7,483
7,470
6,043
43,492

2370
2355
2340
2325
2310
2295

3,369
4,941
5,314
6,757
7,300
6,043
33,724

0.528
0.530
0.528
0.516
0.509
0.508
0.518

2670
2655
2640
2625
2610
2595
2580
2565
2550
2535
2520
2505

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
2

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.453
0.000
0.000
0.453

11
0.00
180
0.00
784
0.00
925
0.00
1,178
0.00
1,652
0.00
2,649
0.00
3,098
0.00
3,316
0.00
4,721 #####
5,129
0.00
4,863
0.00
28,506 #####

11
180
784
925
1,178
1,652
2,649
3,098
3,316
4,723
5,129
4,863
28,508

33,726

0.518

38,274

72,000

1.13

Table 4-23 (Continued)

Smoothed Mine Production Schedule
Year
2004

2005

2006

Phase

Bench

Mill Ore
ktonnes
TCu

2295
2280
2265
2250
2235
2220

1,837
7,506
6,914
6,338
6,010
3,554
32,159

0.508
0.518
0.529
0.544
0.531
0.539
0.529

2505
2490
2475
2460
2445
2430

0
0
0
36
35
1,496
1,567

Waste
ktonnes
0
0
0
93
41
26
160

W:O
Ratio

TotMtl
ktonnes

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00

1,837
7,506
6,914
6,431
6,051
3,580
32,319

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.438
0.381
0.459
0.457

749
0.00
5,671
0.00
6,030
0.00
6,716 #####
8,086 #####
10,862
7.26
38,114 24.32

749
5,671
6,030
6,752
8,121
12,358
39,681

33,726

0.526

38,274

1.13

72,000

2220
2205
2190
2175

7,258
4,911
9,772
876
22,817

0.539
0.540
0.526
0.533
0.533

54
0
3
0
57

0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

7,312
4,911
9,775
876
22,874

2430
2415
2400
2385

0
2,440
3,683
4,786
10,909

0.000
0.488
0.476
0.490
0.485

178
10,033
8,851
7,837
26,899

0.00
4.11
2.40
1.64
2.47

178
12,473
12,534
12,623
37,808

2730
2715
2700
2685
2670
2655
2640

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

35
240
1,166
1,565
2,938
3,337
2,037
11,318

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

35
240
1,166
1,565
2,938
3,337
2,037
11,318

33,726

0.518

38,274

1.13

72,000

2175
2160
2145

7,235
5,836
3,776
16,847

0.533
0.513
0.536
0.527

0
0
0
0

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

7,235
5,836
3,776
16,847

2370
2355
2340

6,313
6,557
4,009
16,879

0.466
0.475
0.458
0.468

3,742
3,647
2,181
9,570

0.59
0.56
0.54
0.57

10,055
10,204
6,190
26,449

2640
2625
2610
2595
2580
2565

0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

1,374
3,955
5,085
5,319
6,273
6,698
28,704

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

1,374
3,955
5,085
5,319
6,273
6,698
28,704

33,726

0.497

38,274

1.13

72,000

Table 4-23 (Continued)

Smoothed Mine Production Schedule
Year
2007

2008

2009

2010

Phase

Bench

Mill Ore
ktonnes
TCu

Waste
ktonnes

W:O
Ratio

TotMtl
ktonnes

2340
2325
2310
2295
2280

3,666
8,230
9,301
10,008
2,521
33,726

0.458
0.450
0.430
0.419
0.409
0.433

1,995
4,127
3,388
2,245
560
12,315

0.54
0.50
0.36
0.22
0.22
0.37

5,661
12,357
12,689
12,253
3,081
46,041

2565
2550
2535
2520

0
0
0
0
0

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

423
8,397
8,487
8,652
25,959

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

423
8,397
8,487
8,652
25,959

33,726

0.433

38,274

1.13

72,000

2280
2265
2250
2235

7,208
10,390
11,054
4,969
33,621

0.409
0.400
0.390
0.401
0.399

1,601
1,815
1,376
543
5,335

0.22
0.17
0.12
0.11
0.16

8,809
12,205
12,430
5,512
38,956

2520
2505
2490
2475
2460

0
75
24
0
6
105

0.000
0.325
0.500
0.000
0.150
0.355

697
9,544
9,771
9,674
3,253
32,939

0.00
#####
#####
0.00
#####
#####

697
9,619
9,795
9,674
3,259
33,044

33,726

0.399

38,274

1.13

72,000

2235
2220
2205
2190

6,272
10,549
10,432
5,625
32,878

0.401
0.415
0.436
0.431
0.422

685
857
627
271
2,440

0.11
0.08
0.06
0.05
0.07

6,957
11,406
11,059
5,896
35,318

2460
2445
2430
2415
2400

0
102
334
412
0
848

0.000
0.259
0.324
0.335
0.000
0.322

6,223
9,202
8,727
8,421
3,261
35,834

0.00
90.22
26.13
20.44
0.00
42.26

6,223
9,304
9,061
8,833
3,261
36,682

33,726

0.419

38,274

1.13

72,000

2190
2175
2160
2145

4,035
8,297
8,134
3,582
24,048

0.431
0.439
0.456
0.481
0.450

194
515
231
48
988

0.05
0.06
0.03
0.01
0.04

4,229
8,812
8,365
3,630
25,036

2400
2385
2370
2355
2340

944
1,262
2,118
3,200
2,154
9,678

0.335
0.343
0.379
0.408
0.414
0.387

4,483
7,215
9,343
8,255
3,282
32,578

4.75
5.72
4.41
2.58
1.52
3.37

5,427
8,477
11,461
11,455
5,436
42,256

2730
2715

0
0
0

0.000
0.000
0.000

1,459
3,249
4,708

0.00
0.00
0.00

1,459
3,249
4,708

33,726

0.432

38,274

1.13

72,000

Table 4-23 (Continued)

Smoothed Mine Production Schedule
Year
2011

2012

2013

2014

Phase

Bench

Mill Ore
ktonnes
TCu

Waste
ktonnes

W:O
Ratio

TotMtl
ktonnes

2145
2130
2115
2100

4,098
8,820
0
0
12,918

0.481
0.494
0.000
0.000
0.490

54
72
0
0
126

0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.01

4,152
8,892
0
0
13,044

2340
2325
2310
2295

2,410
6,078
8,603
3,717
20,808

0.414
0.428
0.408
0.419
0.417

3,672
5,430
2,426
489
12,017

1.52
0.89
0.28
0.13
0.58

6,082
11,508
11,029
4,206
32,825

2715
2700
2685
2670

0
0
0
0
0

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

3,612
8,298
6,313
7,908
26,131

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

3,612
8,298
6,313
7,908
26,131

33,726

0.445

38,274

1.13

72,000

2115
2100

6,302
3,197
9,499

0.479
0.458
0.472

53
30
83

0.01
0.01
0.01

6,355
3,227
9,582

2295
2280
2265

6,331
10,650
7,246
24,227

0.419
0.438
0.458
0.439

833
712
244
1,789

0.13
0.07
0.03
0.07

7,164
11,362
7,490
26,016

2670
2655
2640
2625
2610

0
0
0
0
0
0

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

1,228
10,382
12,017
12,489
286
36,402

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

1,228
10,382
12,017
12,489
286
36,402

33,726

0.448

38,274

1.13

72,000

2265
2250
2235
2220

3,620
10,879
10,427
8,725
33,651

0.458
0.459
0.483
0.490
0.474

122
14
12
88
236

0.03
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01

3,742
10,893
10,439
8,813
33,887

2610
2595
2580

20
53
2
75

0.413
0.300
0.300
0.330

12,391
12,880
12,767
38,038

#####
#####
#####
#####

12,411
12,933
12,769
38,113

33,726

0.474

38,274

1.13

72,000

0
170
181
156
33
540

0.00
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.02

1,817
9,891
9,466
9,196
3,464
33,834

2220
2205
2190
2175
2160

1,817
9,721
9,285
9,040
3,431
33,294

0.490
0.474
0.486
0.474
0.468
0.478

2580
2565
2550
2535

0
40
229
163
432

0.000
0.250
0.296
0.304
0.295

216
0.00
13,347 #####
13,222 57.74
10,949 67.17
37,734 87.35

216
13,387
13,451
11,112
38,166

33,726

0.475

38,274

72,000

1.13

Table 4-23 (Continued)

Smoothed Mine Production Schedule
Year
2015

2016

2017

2018

Phase

Bench

Mill Ore
ktonnes
TCu

Waste
ktonnes

W:O
Ratio

TotMtl
ktonnes

2160
2145
2130
2115

5,443
8,494
8,238
7,870
30,045

0.468
0.465
0.486
0.466
0.472

0
0
16
42
58

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00

5,443
8,494
8,254
7,912
30,103

2535
2520
2505
2490

0
408
1,084
2,189
3,681

0.000
0.466
0.688
0.526
0.567

2,630
13,363
12,971
9,252
38,216

0.00
32.75
11.97
4.23
10.38

2,630
13,771
14,055
11,441
41,897

33,726

0.482

38,274

1.13

72,000

2115
2100
2085
2070

91
7,210
7,949
4,143
19,393

0.466
0.470
0.453
0.405
0.449

0
160
238
114
512

0.00
0.02
0.03
0.03
0.03

91
7,370
8,187
4,257
19,905

2490
2475
2460
2445
2430

0
2,939
3,248
5,213
2,933
14,333

0.000
0.579
0.508
0.438
0.415
0.478

2,417
11,141
9,008
7,043
2,361
31,970

0.00
3.79
2.77
1.35
0.80
2.23

2,417
14,080
12,256
12,256
5,294
46,303

2730
2715
2700
2685
2670
2655

0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

69
1,150
1,461
1,462
1,596
54
5,792

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

69
1,150
1,461
1,462
1,596
54
5,792

33,726

0.461

38,274

1.13

72,000

2430
2415
2400
2385
2370

3,823
7,916
8,686
8,626
4,675
33,726

0.415
0.401
0.403
0.423
0.430
0.413

3,080
4,022
3,022
2,784
891
13,799

0.81
0.51
0.35
0.32
0.19
0.41

6,903
11,938
11,708
11,410
5,566
47,525

2655
2640
2625
2610
2595
2580
2565
2550
2535

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

1,609
1,738
1,898
2,030
2,200
2,494
4,552
4,754
3,200
24,475

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

1,609
1,738
1,898
2,030
2,200
2,494
4,552
4,754
3,200
24,475

33,726

0.413

38,274

1.13

72,000

2370
2355
2340
2325

4,704
9,930
10,252
8,501
33,387

0.430
0.421
0.394
0.388
0.406

897
1,084
677
253
2,911

0.19
0.11
0.07
0.03
0.09

5,601
11,014
10,929
8,754
36,298

2535
2520
2505
2490
2475
2460

0
0
49
40
40
210
339

0.000
0.000
0.325
0.263
0.263
0.168
0.213

1,956
5,837
6,589
6,845
7,048
7,088
35,363

0.00
0.00
#####
#####
#####
33.75
#####

1,956
5,837
6,638
6,885
7,088
7,298
35,702

33,726

0.404

38,274

1.13

72,000

Table 4-23 (Continued)

Smoothed Mine Production Schedule
Year
2019

2020

2021

2022

Phase

Bench

Mill Ore
ktonnes
TCu

Waste
ktonnes

W:O
Ratio

TotMtl
ktonnes

2325
2310
2295
2280
2265

1,670
9,934
9,574
9,351
562
31,091

0.388
0.380
0.370
0.369
0.365
0.374

121
504
592
523
41
1,781

0.07
0.05
0.06
0.06
0.07
0.06

1,791
10,438
10,166
9,874
603
32,872

2445
2430
2415
2400
2385

310
473
385
618
849
2,635

0.200
0.230
0.295
0.333
0.360
0.302

7,187
7,188
7,490
7,466
7,162
36,493

23.18
15.20
19.45
12.08
8.44
13.85

7,497
7,661
7,875
8,084
8,011
39,128

33,726

0.368

38,274

1.13

72,000

2265
2250
2235

8,314
8,420
8,085
24,819

0.365
0.365
0.350
0.360

601
775
780
2,156

0.07
0.09
0.10
0.09

8,915
9,195
8,865
26,975

2385
2370
2355
2340
2325

0
1,561
2,183
2,911
2,252
8,907

0.000
0.306
0.345
0.370
0.380
0.355

248
6,876
6,447
5,892
4,655
24,118

0.00
4.40
2.95
2.02
2.07
2.71

248
8,437
8,630
8,803
6,907
33,025

33,726

0.359

26,274

0.78

60,000

2220
2205
2190
2175

7,366
7,299
7,105
3,407
25,177

0.339
0.331
0.331
0.323
0.332

1,068
783
857
242
2,950

0.14
0.11
0.12
0.07
0.12

8,434
8,082
7,962
3,649
28,127

2325
2310
2295
2280

1,020
3,646
3,883
0
8,549

0.380
0.393
0.403
0.000
0.396

989
5,458
4,997
1,880
13,324

0.97
1.50
1.29
0.00
1.56

2,009
9,104
8,880
1,880
21,873

33,726

0.348

16,274

0.48

50,000

2175
2160
2145
2130

3,767
6,782
6,138
5,054
21,741

0.323
0.319
0.319
0.335
0.323

268
622
847
1,650
3,387

0.07
0.09
0.14
0.33
0.16

4,035
7,404
6,985
6,704
25,128

2280
2265
2250
2235

4,551
5,178
2,256
0
11,985

0.421
0.444
0.441
0.000
0.435

2,330
3,426
2,106
25
7,887

0.51
0.66
0.93
0.00
0.66

6,881
8,604
4,362
25
19,872

33,726

0.363

11,274

0.33

45,000

Table 4-23 (Continued)

Smoothed Mine Production Schedule
Year
2023

2024

Phase

Bench

Mill Ore
ktonnes
TCu

Waste
ktonnes

W:O
Ratio

TotMtl
ktonnes

2115
2100
2085
2070

4,457
5,170
4,963
5,668
20,258

0.345
0.374
0.369
0.429
0.382

1,331
1,181
642
947
4,101

0.30
0.23
0.13
0.17
0.20

5,788
6,351
5,605
6,615
24,359

2250
2235
2220

4,080
7,288
2,100
13,468

0.441
0.436
0.440
0.438

0
970
145
1,115

0.00
0.13
0.07
0.08

4,080
8,258
2,245
14,583

33,726

0.404

5,216

0.15

38,942

2055
2040
2025

6,922
5,222
3,648
15,792

0.398
0.394
0.378
0.392

553
345
330
1,228

0.08
0.07
0.09
0.08

7,475
5,567
3,978
17,020

2220
2205
2190

5,548
7,612
4,774
17,934

0.440
0.464
0.475
0.460

383
362
0
745

0.07
0.05
0.00
0.04

5,931
7,974
4,774
18,679

33,726

0.428

1,973

0.06

35,699

2025

2190
2175
2160
2145
2130
2115

2,978
7,425
7,353
7,293
7,110
1,567
33,726

0.475
0.491
0.491
0.515
0.515
0.564
0.503

0
141
47
0
0
0
188

0.00
0.02
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01

2,978
7,566
7,400
7,293
7,110
1,567
33,914

2026

2115
2100
2085
2070
2055
2040

5,524
7,035
6,968
6,815
6,743
641
33,726

0.564
0.569
0.569
0.554
0.554
0.545
0.562

0
8
38
43
87
11
187

0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01

5,524
7,043
7,006
6,858
6,830
652
33,913

2027

2040
2025
2010
1995
1980

5,589
5,763
7,550
5,580
3,180
27,662

0.545
0.533
0.483
0.468
0.455
0.499

164
206
349
233
80
1,032

0.03
0.04
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.04

5,753
5,969
7,899
5,813
3,260
28,694

Table 4-24
Exposed Ore Inventory at End of Year
Revised (Unsmoothed) Mine Production Schedule
Exposed
Ore
ktonnes

Months
@ 33,726
ktpy

Year

Pushback

Exposed
Ore
ktonnes

Months
@ 33,726
ktpy

Year

Pushback

2001

14,364

5.1

2015

17,204

6.1

2002

105,547

37.6

2016

202,168

71.9

2003

71,823

25.6

2017

172,265

61.3

2004

39,133

13.9

2018

138,539

49.3

2005

12,061

4.3

2019

104,942

37.3

2006

146,720

52.2

2020

71,736

25.5

2007

112,994

40.2

2021

40,335

14.4

2008

79,268

28.2

2022

13,264

4.7

2009

45,641

16.2

2023

128,840

45.8

2010

12,769

4.5

2024

95,114

33.8

2011

150,109

53.4

2025

61,388

21.8

2012

116,383

41.4

2026

27,662

9.8

2013

82,677

29.4

2027

0.0

2014

49,275

17.5

Table 4-25
Exposed Ore Inventory at End of Year
Smoothed Mine Production Schedule @ 75,000 ktpy
Exposed
Ore
ktonnes

Months
@ 33,726
ktpy

Year

Pushback

Exposed
Ore
ktonnes

Months
@ 33,726
ktpy

Year

Pushback

2001

14,364

5.1

2017

172,265

61.3

2002

105,547

37.6

2018

138,878

49.4

2003

71,823

25.6

2019

107,787

38.4

2004

39,664

14.1

2020

82,968

29.5

2005

5
6

16,847
163,599
180,446

2021

57,791

20.6

64.2

2022

8
9

36,050
126,516
162,566

57.8

15,792
113,048
128,840

45.8

2006

146,752

52.2

2007

113,026

40.2

2008

79,405

28.3

2009

46,527

16.6

2024

95,114

33.8

2010

22,479

8.0

2025

61,388

21.8

2011

6
7

9,561
140,610
150,171

2026

27,662

9.8

53.4

2027

0.0

2012

116,383

41.4

2013

82,732

29.4

2014

49,438

17.6

2015

19,393

6.9

2016

202,168

71.9

2023

8
9

Ore at bottom of pushback carried

forward AFTER succeeding
pushback is stripped

Table 4-26
Potential Operating Cost Savings Resulting From
Minimizing Stripped Ore Exposure

Year
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027

Original Mine Plan

Exposed
Ore
TotMtl
(months)
ktonnes
5.1
37.6
25.6
14.1
64.2
52.2
40.2
28.3
17.3
65.3
53.3
41.4
30.0
21.0
85.2
73.2
61.6
51.6
46.1
81.7
69.7
57.7
45.6
33.6
21.6
9.6
-0.1

53,182
73,309
74,152
64,639
75,709
91,188
79,783
69,248
64,064
74,672
99,958
85,433
74,652
74,229
80,352
66,935
65,708
65,431
59,458
41,655
35,939
35,903
36,224
36,432
34,877
35,948
28,306
1,677,386

Unsmoothed Schedule
Exposed
Ore
TotMtl
(months)
ktonnes
5.1
37.6
25.6
13.9
4.3
52.2
40.2
28.2
16.2
4.5
53.4
41.4
29.4
17.5
6.1
71.9
61.3
49.3
37.3
25.5
14.4
4.7
45.8
33.8
21.8
9.8
0.0

53,643
73,300
63,000
63,000
63,000
65,000
72,000
72,000
72,000
72,000
74,000
76,000
76,000
76,000
76,000
76,000
60,000
60,000
60,000
60,000
60,000
60,000
59,703
37,940
33,914
33,920
28,645
1,677,065

Smoothed Schedule
Exposed
Ore
TotMtl
(months)
ktonnes
5.1
37.6
25.6
14.1
64.2
52.2
40.2
28.3
16.6
8.0
53.4
41.4
29.4
17.6
6.9
71.9
61.3
49.4
38.4
29.5
20.6
57.8
45.8
33.8
21.8
9.8
0.0

53,643
73,300
72,000
72,000
72,000
72,000
72,000
72,000
72,000
72,000
72,000
72,000
72,000
72,000
72,000
72,000
72,000
72,000
72,000
60,000
50,000
45,000
38,942
35,699
33,914
33,913
28,661
1,677,072

Potential Savings
Unsmoothed Schedule
Smoothed Schedule
(ktonnes)
($x1000 @ $0.70)
(ktonnes)
($x1000 @ $0.70)
Year
Cmltv
Year
Cmltv
Year
Cmltv
Year
Cmltv
461
461
-9
452
-11,152
-10,700
-1,639
-12,339
-12,709
-25,048
-26,188
-51,236
-7,783
-59,019
2,752
-56,267
7,936
-48,331
-2,672
-51,003
-25,958
-76,961
-9,433
-86,394
1,348
-85,046
1,771
-83,275
-4,352
-87,627
9,065
-78,562
-5,708
-84,270
-5,431
-89,701
542
-89,159
18,345
-70,814
24,061
-46,753
24,097
-22,656
23,479
823
1,508
2,331
-963
1,368
-2,028
-660
339
-321
NPV @ 20% =
NPV @ 15% =
NPV @ 10% =

323
-6
-7,806
-1,147
-8,896
-18,332
-5,448
1,926
5,555
-1,870
-18,171
-6,603
944
1,240
-3,046
6,346
-3,996
-3,802
379
12,842
16,843
16,868
16,435
1,056
-674
-1,420
237
-16,738
-20,229
-23,127

323
316
-7,490
-8,637
-17,534
-35,865
-41,313
-39,387
-33,832
-35,702
-53,873
-60,476
-59,532
-58,293
-61,339
-54,993
-58,989
-62,791
-62,411
-49,570
-32,727
-15,859
576
1,632
958
-462
-225

461
461
-9
452
-2,152
-1,700
7,361
5,661
-3,709
1,952
-19,188
-17,236
-7,783
-25,019
2,752
-22,267
7,936
-14,331
-2,672
-17,003
-27,958
-44,961
-13,433
-58,394
-2,652
-61,046
-2,229
-63,275
-8,352
-71,627
5,065
-66,562
6,292
-60,270
6,569
-53,701
12,542
-41,159
18,345
-22,814
14,061
-8,753
9,097
344
2,718
3,062
-733
2,329
-963
1,366
-2,035
-669
355
-314
NPV @ 20% =
NPV @ 15% =
NPV @ 10% =

323
-6
-1,506
5,153
-2,596
-13,432
-5,448
1,926
5,555
-1,870
-19,571
-9,403
-1,856
-1,560
-5,846
3,546
4,404
4,598
8,779
12,842
9,843
6,368
1,903
-513
-674
-1,425
249
-6,817
-8,986
-11,055

323
316
-1,190
3,963
1,366
-12,065
-17,513
-15,587
-10,032
-11,902
-31,473
-40,876
-42,732
-44,293
-50,139
-46,593
-42,189
-37,591
-28,811
-15,970
-6,127
241
2,143
1,630
956
-468
-220

Figure 4-9
Exposed Ore Inventory Comparison
90
84

Months of Exposed Ore @ 33,726 ktpy

78
72
66
60
54
48
42
36
30
24
18
12
6
0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030

End of Year
Original Mine Plan
Unsmoothed Schedule
Smoothed Schedule

Table 4-27
Original Mine Plan
Annual Summary by Pushback
Year

Pushback

Ore
ktonnes
%TCu

Waste
ktonnes

W:O
Ratio

TotMtl
ktonnes

2001

4
5

25,364
645
26,009

0.517
0.502
0.516

91
27,082
27,173

0.00
41.99
1.04

25,455
27,727
53,182

2002

4
5

14,358
17,349
31,707

0.520
0.482
0.499

40
41,562
41,602

0.00
2.40
1.31

14,398
58,911
73,309

2003

5
6

33,727
2
33,729

0.518
0.453
0.518

10,487
0.31
29,936 ######
40,423
1.20

44,214
29,938
74,152

2004

5
6

32,252
1,567
33,819

0.529
0.457
0.526

174
30,646
30,820

0.01
19.56
0.91

32,426
32,213
64,639

2005

5
6
7

21,844
11,880
0
33,724

0.533
0.483
0.000
0.516

44
32,940
9,001
41,985

0.00
2.77
0.00
1.24

21,888
44,820
9,001
75,709

2006

6
7

33,727
0
33,727

0.456
0.000
0.456

19,080
38,381
57,461

0.57
0.00
1.70

52,807
38,381
91,188

2007

6
7

33,629
99
33,728

0.411
0.367
0.411

6,219
39,836
46,055

0.18
402.38
1.37

39,848
39,935
79,783

2008

6
7

33,376
442
33,818

0.403
0.306
0.401

3,460
31,970
35,430

0.10
72.33
1.05

36,836
32,412
69,248

2009

5
6
7

3,375
27,734
2,618
33,727

0.533
0.435
0.339
0.437

0
1,607
28,730
30,337

0.00
0.06
10.97
0.90

3,375
29,341
31,348
64,064

2010

5
6
7
8

9,630
8,134
15,960
0
33,724

0.522
0.456
0.413
0.000
0.455

0
232
28,517
12,199
40,948

0.00
0.03
1.79
0.00
1.21

9,630
8,366
44,477
12,199
74,672

2011

5
7
8

941
32,785
0
33,726

0.513
0.426
0.000
0.428

0
4,459
61,773
66,232

0.00
0.14
0.00
1.96

941
37,244
61,773
99,958

2012

7
8

33,701
115
33,816

0.470
0.302
0.470

392
51,225
51,617

0.01
445.43
1.53

34,093
51,340
85,433

2013

7
8

31,841
1,884
33,725

0.480
0.559
0.485

596
40,331
40,927

0.02
21.41
1.21

32,437
42,215
74,652

2014

6
7
8

6,248
19,102
8,376
33,726

0.488
0.467
0.537
0.488

102
33
40,368
40,503

0.02
0.00
4.82
1.20

6,350
19,135
48,744
74,229

Table 4-27 (Continued)

Original Mine Plan
Annual Summary by Pushback
Year

Pushback

Ore
ktonnes
%TCu

Waste
ktonnes

W:O
Ratio

TotMtl
ktonnes

2015

5
6
7
8
9

3,776
10,252
5,214
14,484
0
33,726

0.536
0.492
0.486
0.421
0.000
0.465

0
72
16
13,277
33,261
46,626

0.00
0.01
0.00
0.92
0.00
1.38

3,776
10,324
5,230
27,761
33,261
80,352

2016

7
8
9

3,024
30,664
129
33,817

0.486
0.415
0.286
0.421

0
8,727
24,391
33,118

0.00
0.28
189.08
0.98

3,024
39,391
24,520
66,935

2017

8
9

32,733
993
33,726

0.401
0.207
0.396

2,640
29,342
31,982

0.08
29.55
0.95

35,373
30,335
65,708

2018

8
9

28,130
5,596
33,726

0.373
0.332
0.366

1,115
30,590
31,705

0.04
5.47
0.94

29,245
36,186
65,431

2019

8
9

15,462
18,263
33,725

0.365
0.317
0.339

1,417
24,316
25,733

0.09
1.33
0.76

16,879
42,579
59,458

2020

8
9

9,696
24,124
33,820

0.352
0.440
0.415

780
7,055
7,835

0.08
0.29
0.23

10,476
31,179
41,655

2021

8
9

16,036
17,690
33,726

0.335
0.466
0.403

1,851
362
2,213

0.12
0.02
0.07

17,887
18,052
35,939

2022

8
9

18,948
14,778
33,726

0.324
0.491
0.397

1,989
188
2,177

0.10
0.01
0.06

20,937
14,966
35,903

2023

8
9

12,232
21,494
33,726

0.326
0.531
0.457

2,498
0
2,498

0.20
0.00
0.07

14,730
21,494
36,224

2024

6
7
8
9

6,302
11,152
9,329
7,035
33,818

0.479
0.467
0.361
0.569
0.461

54
41
2,512
7
2,614

0.01
0.00
0.27
0.00
0.08

6,356
11,193
11,841
7,042
36,432

2025

6
7
8
9

3,197
11,968
4,963
13,597
33,725

0.458
0.458
0.369
0.561
0.487

31
398
642
81
1,152

0.01
0.03
0.13
0.01
0.03

3,228
12,366
5,605
13,678
34,877

2026

7
8
9

4,143
16,425
13,159
33,727

0.405
0.407
0.550
0.463

114
1,845
262
2,221

0.03
0.11
0.02
0.07

4,257
18,270
13,421
35,948

2027

8
9

5,035
22,073
27,108

0.382
0.488
0.468

330
868
1,198

0.07
0.04
0.04

5,365
22,941
28,306

Table 4-28
Revised (Unsmoothed)
Production Schedule
Annual Summary by Pushback
Year

Pushback

Mill Ore
ktonnes
%TCu

Waste
ktonnes

W:O
Ratio

TotMtl
ktonnes

2001

4
5

25,365
644
26,009

0.517
0.502
0.516

91
27,543
27,634

0.00
42.77
1.06

25,456
28,187
53,643

2002

4
5

14,358
17,349
31,707

0.520
0.482
0.499

40
41,553
41,593

0.00
2.40
1.31

14,398
58,902
73,300

2003

5
6

33,724
2
33,726

0.518
0.453
0.518

9,768
0.29
19,506 #####
29,274
0.87

43,492
19,508
63,000

2004

5
6

33,690
36
33,726

0.530
0.438
0.530

214
0.01
29,060 #####
29,274
0.87

33,904
29,096
63,000

2005

5
6

26,072
7,654
33,726

0.533
0.464
0.517

4
29,270
29,274

0.00
3.82
0.87

26,076
36,924
63,000

2006

5
6
7

12,061
21,665
0
33,726

0.524
0.473
0.000
0.491

0
0.00
25,253
1.17
6,021 #####
31,274
0.93

12,061
46,918
6,021
65,000

2007

6
7

33,726
0
33,726

0.433
0.000
0.433

12,315
0.37
25,959 #####
38,274
1.13

46,041
25,959
72,000

2008

6
7

33,726
0
33,726

0.399
0.000
0.399

5,346
0.16
32,928 #####
38,274
1.13

39,072
32,928
72,000

2009

6
7

33,627
99
33,726

0.422
0.367
0.422

2,471
0.07
35,803 #####
38,274
1.13

36,098
35,902
72,000

2010

6
7

32,872
854
33,726

0.462
0.320
0.458

1,047
37,227
38,274

0.03
43.59
1.13

33,919
38,081
72,000

2011

6
7

12,739
20,987
33,726

0.477
0.405
0.432

109
40,165
40,274

0.01
1.91
1.19

12,848
61,152
74,000

2012

7
8

33,726
0
33,726

0.431
0.000
0.431

3,035
0.09
39,239 #####
42,274
1.25

36,761
39,239
76,000

2013

7
8

33,706
20
33,726

0.474
0.413
0.474

221
0.01
42,053 #####
42,274
1.25

33,927
42,073
76,000

2014

7
8

33,402
324
33,726

0.477
0.291
0.476

535
0.02
41,739 #####
42,274
1.25

33,937
42,063
76,000

2015

7
8

32,071
1,655
33,726

0.472
0.595
0.478

125
42,149
42,274

0.00
25.47
1.25

32,196
43,804
76,000

2016

7
8

17,204
16,522
33,726

0.446
0.484
0.465

465
41,809
42,274

0.03
2.53
1.25

17,669
58,331
76,000

Table 4-28 (Continued)

Revised (Unsmoothed)
Production Schedule
Annual Summary by Pushback
Year

Pushback

Mill Ore
ktonnes
%TCu

Waste
ktonnes

W:O
Ratio

TotMtl
ktonnes

2017

8
9

33,726
0
33,726

0.413
0.000
0.413

20,009
0.59
6,265 #####
26,274
0.78

53,735
6,265
60,000

2018

8
9

33,726
0
33,726

0.405
0.000
0.405

2,983
0.09
23,291 #####
26,274
0.78

36,709
23,291
60,000

2019

8
9

33,597
129
33,726

0.373
0.286
0.373

1,914
0.06
24,360 #####
26,274
0.78

35,511
24,489
60,000

2020

8
9

33,206
520
33,726

0.352
0.187
0.349

3,434
22,840
26,274

0.10
43.92
0.78

36,640
23,360
60,000

2021

8
9

31,401
2,325
33,726

0.329
0.315
0.328

3,455
22,819
26,274

0.11
9.81
0.78

34,856
25,144
60,000

2022

8
9

27,071
6,655
33,726

0.376
0.347
0.370

5,702
20,572
26,274

0.21
3.09
0.78

32,773
27,227
60,000

2023

8
9

13,264
20,462
33,726

0.391
0.412
0.404

1,026
24,951
25,977

0.08
1.22
0.77

14,290
45,413
59,703

2024

33,726

0.450

4,214

0.12

37,940

2025

33,726

0.503

188

0.01

33,914

2026

33,726

0.561

194

0.01

33,920

2027

27,620

0.499

1,025

0.04

28,645

Table 4-29
Revised (Smoothed)
Production Schedule
Annual Summary by Pushback
Year

Pushback

Mill Ore
ktonnes %TCu

Waste
ktonnes

W:O
Ratio

TotMtl
ktonnes

2001

4
5

25,365
644
26,009

0.517
0.502
0.516

91
27,543
27,634

0.00
42.77
1.06

25,456
28,187
53,643

2002

4
5

14,358
17,349
31,707

0.520
0.482
0.499

40
41,553
41,593

0.00
2.40
1.27

14,398
58,902
72,000

2003

5
6

33,724
2
33,726

0.518
0.453
0.518

9,768
0.29
28,506 #####
38,274
1.13

43,492
28,508
72,000

2004

5
6

32,159
1,567
33,726

0.529
0.457
0.526

160
38,114
38,274

0.00
24.32
1.13

32,319
39,681
72,000

2005

5
6
7

22,817
10,909
0
33,726

0.533
0.485
0.000
0.517

57
0.00
26,899
2.47
11,318 #####
38,274
1.13

22,874
37,808
11,318
72,000

2006

5
6
7

16,805
16,921
0
33,726

0.527
0.468
0.000
0.497

0
0.00
9,570
0.57
28,704 #####
38,274
1.13

16,805
26,491
28,704
72,000

2007

6
7

33,726
0
33,726

0.433
0.000
0.433

12,315
0.37
25,959 #####
38,274
1.13

46,041
25,959
72,000

2008

6
7

33,621
105
33,726

0.399
0.355
0.399

5,335
0.16
32,939 #####
38,274
1.13

38,956
33,044
72,000

2009

6
7

32,878
848
33,726

0.422
0.322
0.419

2,440
35,834
38,274

0.07
42.26
1.13

35,318
36,682
72,000

2010

6
7
8

24,048
9,678
0
33,726

0.450
0.387
0.000
0.432

988
0.04
32,578
3.37
4,708 #####
38,274
1.13

25,036
42,256
4,708
72,000

2011

6
7
8

12,876
20,850
0
33,726

0.490
0.417
0.000
0.445

126
0.01
12,017
0.58
26,131 #####
38,274
1.13

13,002
32,867
26,131
72,000

2012

6
7
8

9,499
24,227
0
33,726

0.472
0.439
0.000
0.448

83
0.01
1,789
0.07
36,402 #####
38,274
1.13

9,582
26,016
36,402
72,000

2013

7
8

33,651
75
33,726

0.474
0.330
0.474

236
0.01
38,038 #####
38,274
1.13

33,887
38,113
72,000

2014

7
8

33,294
432
33,726

0.478
0.295
0.476

540
37,734
38,274

33,834
38,166
72,000

0.02
87.35
1.13

Table 4-29 (Continued)

Revised (Smoothed)
Production Schedule
Annual Summary by Pushback
Year

Pushback

Mill Ore
ktonnes %TCu

Waste
ktonnes

W:O
Ratio

TotMtl
ktonnes

2015

7
8

30,045
3,681
33,726

0.472
0.567
0.482

58
38,216
38,274

0.00
10.38
1.13

30,103
41,897
72,000

2016

7
8
9

19,393
14,333
0
33,726

0.449
0.478
0.000
0.461

512
0.03
31,970
2.23
5,792 #####
38,274
1.13

19,905
46,303
5,792
72,000

2017

8
9

33,726
0
33,726

0.413
0.000
0.413

13,799
0.41
24,475 #####
38,274
1.13

47,525
24,475
72,000

2018

8
9

33,387
339
33,726

0.406
0.213
0.404

2,911
0.09
35,363 #####
38,274
1.13

36,298
35,702
72,000

2019

8
9

31,091
2,635
33,726

0.374
0.302
0.368

1,781
36,493
38,274

0.06
13.85
1.13

32,872
39,128
72,000

2020

8
9

24,819
8,907
33,726

0.360
0.355
0.359

2,156
24,118
26,274

0.09
2.71
0.78

26,975
33,025
60,000

2021

8
9

25,177
8,549
33,726

0.332
0.396
0.348

2,950
13,324
16,274

0.12
1.56
0.48

28,127
21,873
50,000

2022

8
9

21,741
11,985
33,726

0.323
0.435
0.363

3,387
7,887
11,274

0.16
0.66
0.33

25,128
19,872
45,000

2023

8
9

20,258
13,468
33,726

0.382
0.438
0.404

4,101
1,115
5,216

0.20
0.08
0.15

24,359
14,583
38,942

2024

8
9

15,792
17,934
33,726

0.392
0.460
0.428

1,228
745
1,973

0.08
0.04
0.06

17,020
18,679
35,699

2025

33,726

0.503

188

0.01

33,914

2026

33,726

0.562

187

0.01

33,913

2027

27,662

0.499

1,032

0.04

28,694