Sig Fig

(C) 3

(D) 7.8 grams per mL

IONS

(D) 2.00 g/cm3

(D) 0.1 M HF

(D) 80%

(A) CH3OH

(B) CrO2

(E) 4.0 M 2.0 M

(D) 86%
(D) N2O3
(E) 41 grams
(B) Na2CO3 . 7 H2O
B) The dehydrated sample absorbed moisture after heating.
A) [PO43] < [NO3] < [Na+]
C) 0.025 M
C) 0.28 M
(D) Measurement of the total volume of solution

Forms monatomic ions with 2 charge in solutions

B
Forms a compound having the formula KXO4 E
Forms oxides that are common air pollutants and that yield
acidic solution in water
B
Etc
Is a gas in its standard state at 298 K
e
Reacts with water to form a strong base
a
Is a good oxidizing agent
E
Is used to etch glass chemically A
Is used extensively for production of fertilizers D
Has amphoteric properties
(Al(OH)3 + H+ Al+++ + H2O
(Al(OH)3 + OH- Al(OH)4-

(C) 29.4 grams

D) 110. mL

The solution is colorless

(C) 260 mL

The solution gives no apparent reaction with dilute

hydrochloric acid.
A

(C) HfCl3
(B) CrO2

No odor can be detected when a sample of the solution is

added drop by drop to a warm solution of sodium hydroxide.
C

(D) C4H6
REACTIONS
(A) Al2(SO4)3
(A) CaCO3

No precipitate is formed when a dilute solution of H2SO4 is

added to a sample of the solution.
D
Halogen
(D) Iodine liberates free bromine from a solution of
bromide ion.

(B) 0.160 M
(B) baking soda, NaHCO3

Ideal Gas and Molecular Kinetics

A) SO2

B) Adding dilute HCl(aq) solution

(C) 313/293

(C) 0.30 mol

(E) The average speed of the hydrogen molecules is the same

as the average speed of the oxygen molecules.

(C) 40.0 mL
(B) 0.800 M

(C) The average speed of the gas molecules remains the

same.

(B) 8.0 kg

(C) III only

(B) 0.800 M
.
(C) The spark supplies some of the energy of activation for
the combustion reaction.

(A) volume

(C) 12

(B) 11.2 liters

(A) 0.0400 mole

(C) 477 C

(D) 0.250 mole

Redox

(A) 3 atm

Stoichiometry
(C) 0.201 atm

A) 0.20 atm
(B) 19.7 g
(E) when add H2), form acidic soln-wrong
(form basic solution)-correct

CaH2 + 2 H2O --> 2 H2 + Ca(OH)2

(D) 7/2 moles

(D) 4.48 liters

(B) The pressure of the gas
(C) XeF4
Effusion
(D) Cl2 (molar mass 71 grams)
Manometer

(C) 133 mm Hg
Density
(A) Gaseous densities at the same temperature and pressure
(E) The air density inside the balloon is less than that of the
surrounding air.

Has a bond order of 2

Contains 1 sigma (s) and 2 pi (p) bonds

D
C

Radius
(E) Cr, Mn, Fe, Co
(D) It decreases only.
1st Ionization Energy

(B) 46.0
(C) Al
Molar Mass and Density
(D) 45.8 grams/mole
(C) C3H6
(C) Vapor pressure of the water

Bond Length
(A) N2
(D) Strong bonds in reactant molecules

Partial pressure
(B) - 390 kJ
(B) 733 mm Hg
(C) 0.63 atm
(C) It depends on the relative molecular masses of X, Y, and
Z.

Lattice Energy
(B) I and II only
Ionic/Covalent Bond
(E) NaCN

A) PHe < PNe < PAr

Atoms
History
(A) Atoms contain electrons.
(E) The positive charge of an atom is concentrated in a small
region.
1. Can be used to predict that a gaseous carbon atom in its ground
state is paramagnetic.
C
2. Explains the experimental phenomenon of electron
diffraction
E
3. Indicates that an atomic orbital can hold no more than two
electrons
B
4. Predicts that it is impossible to determine simultaneously
the exact position and the exact velocity of an electron
A
Electron Conf
Represents an atom that is chemically unreactive
D
Represents an atom in an excited state
A
Represents an atom that has four valence electrons.
C
Represents an atom of a transition metal.
E
An impossible electronic configuration
C
The ground-state configuration for the atoms of a transition
element
E
The ground-state configuration of a negative ion of a halogen
B
The ground-state configuration of a common ion of an
alkaline earth element B
(A) 1s2 2s22p6 3s23p63d4
(E) Mg3X2
Paramagnetism

D) C(diamond) --> C(g)

Lewis Structure
(A) H2S
(C) NH3
(B) accepts a pair of electrons to form a bond
Resonance Structure
(B) SO2
Geometry
(A) trigonal planar
(C) Square planar
(D) dsp3
(A) I only
(D) II and III only
(E) an octahedron
Pi Bonding
(E) CH4
Molecular Polarity
(E) PF5
(A) C6H6 (benzene)
Ag(s) + 4HNO3 <==> 3AgNO3 +NO(g) +2 H2O

(D) V, Co, and As only

Quantum Number
(E) 5, 0, 0, 1/2
(C) 4, 1, 1, 1/2
Peoriod Table
1. What is the most electronegative element of the above?
A
2. Which element exhibits the greatest number of different
oxidation states?
E
3. Which of the elements above has the smallest ionic radius
for its most commonly found ion? D
Has the largest bond-dissociation energy

Is used to explain why iodine molecules are held together in

the solid state
E
Is used to explain why boiling point of HF is greater than the
boiling point of HBr A
Is used to explain the fact that the four bonds in methane are
equivalent
B
Is used to explain the fact that the carbon-to-carbon bonds in
benzene, C6H6, are identical
D

Etc
The energy required to convert a ground-state atom in the gas
phase to a gaseous positive ion
C
The energy change that occurs in the conversion of an ionic
solid to widely separated gaseous ions
E
The energy in a chemical or physical change that is available
to do useful work
B
The energy required to form the transition state in a chemical
reaction
A
Solution
Dipole Moment
(D) HF
Intermolecular interaction, H-Bond
Solid ethyl alcohol, C2H5OH
C

Silicon dioxide, SiO2

BP Elevation
(A) 0.10 M potassium sulfate, K2SO4
(C) Freezing point

(D) hydrogen bonding

Bonds
Cesium chloride, CsCl (s)
Gold, Au(s)
Carbon dioxide, CO2(s)
Methane, CH4(s)

Kinetics

a
b
d

Gas solubility
B) 5.0 20
Solid/Liq Solubility
(E) X < Y < Z
(D) The solid is more soluble at higher temperatures.
(E) solubilities
(E) Evaporation to dryness
Size and BP
.
(E) HF molecules tend to form hydrogen bonds.
Pressure and BP
C) equilibrium water vapor pressure equals the atmospheric
pressure at a lower temperature
Phase Diagram
(A) The slope of the curve representing equilibrium between
the vapor and liquid phases is positive.
(E) lowest temperature above which a substance cannot be
liquified at any applied pressure
from 10 C to 60 C at a constant pressure of 0.4 atmosphcre,
which of the processes occurs?
A
If the temperature decreases from 110 C to 40 C at a
constant pressure of 1.1 atmospheres, which of the processes
occurs?
B
If the pressure increases from 0.5 to 1.5 atmospheres at a
constant temperature of 50 C, which of the processes
occurs?
B
(C) C

(C) 140 C
(B) conditions necessary for sublimation
liq gas
(D)
(A) The vapor pressure of the solid phase always equal the
vapor pressure of the liquid phase.
Cooling curve
(C) all points on the curve between Q and S

Rate
(B) rate = k[NO] [O2]2
(C) Both the reaction rate and k remain the same.
([OH] is not in the rate, so [OH-] independent
1st order
(B) log [X] versus time
B) It is first order in [X].
(E) 160 grams
Mechanism
(C) Rate = (k [N2H2O2]) / [H+]
(C) substance B is not involved in the rate-determining step
of the mechanism, but is involved in subsequent steps
(A) E - (11/2)RT
Catalysts
(B) Ce3+ and Tl3+
Equilibrium
(D) II and III only
(B) K = ( [HCO3] [OH] ) / [CO32]
(A) (0.30)2 / [(0.45)(0.10)2
(A) 20.
(C) 2.5 x 106
(E) The amount of SO2 (g) in the reaction vessel.
(A) I only
(E) NO(g) + O3(g) <===> NO2(g) + O2(g)
Acid/base
(D) 11
(E) Al3+
(C) NH4+
(E) II and III
(D) NH4+
(B) accepts a pair of electrons to form a bond
Structure and acidity
(E) H2SO3
(E) The acid strength increases.
Ka/Kb
(C) 5.0 x 106
A) CN(aq) is a stronger base than C2H3O2(aq)
(D) 5.0 x 106
(D) Between 4 and 7
(E) 4%
SALT Acidity/Basicity
(D) 4.5 M
(B) Na2CO3
(A) basic because of the hydrolysis of the OCl ion
Solubility
A) Mg(OH)2(s)
Oxide cmpds
(B) They have oxides that are acid anhydrides.

Solution
Ideal Soln
(D) 0.77
D) C6H14(l) and C8H18(l)
Molality
(C) The molality of the solution remains unchanged.
(E) 1.42 m
(A) 0.060 mole
(E) Density of the solution
(C) Mass of solute and mass of solvent
(E) II and III
(B) 0.076
FP depression
(E) 0.20 m MgCl2
(C) III only

Polyprotic acids
(B) H3O+ ions
(E) H2O + HSO4 ---> H2SO4 + OH
(B) HPO42
(A) H2PO4 > H2BO3 and HBO32 > HPO42
Experiment
(A) KNO3
Acid/Base
TitrationTitration
Acid/Base
Buffer
(C) HCl and NaCl
The solution with the lowest pH
The most nearly neutral solution
A buffer at a pH > 8
A buffer at a pH < 6

c
e
a
b

(C) 2.8 x 106

(D) H2PO4 + HPO42
Indicator
(B) the solution being titrated undergoes a large pH change
near the end point of the titration
Titration
(C) The graph of pH versus volume of base added rises
gradually at first and then much more rapidly.
(E) HNO2 + OH ---> NO2 + H2O
(E) 0.14 M
Ksp
(C) 4 x 1012
(D) 5 x 1015 / 1 x 1020
(D) 0.20 mole
E) (2 x 1012 M)1/3
Experiment
(C) I and III only
(A) I only
Enthalpy
(A)
(D) I and II only
(C) -75.8 kJ/mole
E) -1,411 kJ
B) Increasing the temperature
(B) Adding 6 M HNO3
(C) decreasing the temperature
(D) -150 kJ
(D) 2z - x - y
(B) - 382 kJ
Entropy
(E) 4 La + 3 O2 ---> 2 La2O3
(D) II and III only
(D) 2 NH4Cl(s) ---> N2(g) + 4 H2(g) + Cl2(g)
Gibbs Energy
(B) G > 0
(C) G < 0 and Keq > 1
Mix of H, S, G
A) Postive Positive
(C) Remains constant Increases
(B) G, H, and S are all negative.
(E) H > 0, S > 0, V < 0
ectrochemistryEl
Reducing/oxidizing agent
(E) I
(B) Na2S
Redox Rxn
(B) Cu2+, SO2(g), and H2O
( (E) 10
(D) 4:1
(B) 4
(E) The oxidation number of iodine changes from -1 to 0.
(D) Fe3+, Cr3+, and H2O
(A) Ag2CO3(s) + 2 H+ + 2 Cl ---> 2 AgCl(s) + H2O + CO(g)
(D) I
(C) 4
(E) MnO4
(D) 6
(A) CrO42
Disproportionation/Compropornation
(D0) -2 +6
Stoichiometry
D) 5.0
(B) 8.10 x 103 mole
Galvanic Cell
Zn(s) + Cu2+ ---> Zn2+ + Cu(s)
(C) The Zn2+ solution was more concentrated than the Cu2+
solution.
(D) Scandium reacts with nitric acid to form a brown gas.
Cell potential from STD Red PTL
A) -1.66 V
Electrolysis

(B) A gas will be evolved only at the negative electrode.

(A) AlF 63 is reduced at the cathode.
of aluminum produced? (1 faraday = 96,500 coulombs)
(C)
A 50-milliliter sample of a 2-molar Cd(NO3)2 solution is
added to the left beaker.
B
The silver electrode is made larger.
D
Salt bridge is replaced by platinum wire
C
Current is allowed to flow for 5 minutes
B
(B) 0.020 mole
(D)

Impure copper sample

Pure copper

(B) 57 grams
(B) [(16)(3,600)(3.0)(63.55)] / [(96,500)(2)]
E/G and K
(D) 1.3 x 10+7
(A) E is positive and G is negative.
Decay
(D)

I.
II.

7
7

13
14

(A) beta particle emission

(B) Alpha particles < beta particles < gamma rays
(D) I and III
(C) 82-Pb-206
(B) 44-Ru-118
Half life
(B) 8 days
Org
(A)
(D)
(E) a ketone
(C) The color of the solution turns from light blue to dark
blue.
Color
(B) yellow
(E) ZnCl2
A) Pb2+(aq)
(C) I and II only
Complex Ions
(E) Ag(NH3)4+ + 2 H+ + Cl#175; <===> AgCl(s) + 2 NH4+
(E) Zn
(A) K4[Fe(CN)6]
(E) Cr2O72
Lab
(D) II and III only
(D) The pipette was not rinsed with the HCI solution.
(B) 42.8 grams of KIO3 and add H2O until the final
homogeneous solution has a volume of 2.00 liters
(D) Flush the affected area with water and then with a dilute
NaHCO3 solution
(A) I only
(D) Cu2+ + 4 NH3 --> Cu(NH3)42+
Utilized as a coating to protect Fe from corrosion
C
Is added to silicon to enhance its properties as a
semiconductor
Utilized as a shield from sources of radiation A