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New Age spirituality often makes references to mythological representations of the Earth, Moon, and outer space; the term New Age refers to the current astrological Age of Aquarius.
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The New Age movement is a Western spiritual movement that developed in the second half of the 20th century. Its central precepts have been described as "drawing on both Eastern and Western spiritual and metaphysical traditions and infusing them with influences from self-help and motivational psychology, holistic health, parapsychology, consciousness research and quantum physics". The term New Age refers to the coming astrological Age of Aquarius. The movement aims to create "a spirituality without borders or confining dogmas" that is inclusive and pluralistic. It holds to "a holistic worldview", emphasising that the Mind, Body, and Spirit are interrelated[] and that there is a form of monism and unity throughout the universe.[2] It attempts to create "a worldview that includes both science and spirituality" and embraces a number of forms of mainstream science as well as other forms of science that are considered fringe. The origins of the movement can be found in Medieval astrology and alchemy, such as the writings of Paracelsus, in Renaissance interests in Hermeticism, in 18th-century mysticism, such as that of Emanuel Swedenborg, and in beliefs in animal magnetism espoused by Franz Mesmer. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, authors such as Godfrey Higgins and the esotericists Eliphas Levi, Helena Blavatsky, and George Gurdjieff articulated specific histories, cosmologies, and some of the basic philosophical principles that would influence the movement. It experienced a revival as a result of the work of individuals such as Alice Bailey and organizations such as the Theosophical Society. It gained further momentum in the 1960s, taking influence from metaphysics, perennial
New Age philosophy, self-help psychology, and the various Indian gurus who visited the West during that decade. In the 1970s, it developed a social and political component. The New Age movement includes elements of older spiritual and religious traditions ranging from monotheism through pantheism, pandeism, panentheism, and polytheism combined with science and Gaia philosophy; particularly archaeoastronomy, astronomy, ecology, environmentalism, the Gaia hypothesis, UFO religions, psychology, and physics. New Age practices and philosophies sometimes draw inspiration from major world religions: Buddhism, Taoism, Chinese folk religion, Christianity, Hinduism, Sufism (Islam), Judaism (especially Kabbalah), Sikhism; with strong influences from East Asian religions, Esotericism, Gnosticism, Hermeticism, Idealism, Neopaganism, New Thought, Spiritualism, Theosophy, Universalism, and Wisdom tradition.
History
Origins
The author Nevill Drury claimed there are "four key precursors of the New Age", who had set the way for many of its widely held precepts. 1. The first of these was Emanuel Swedenborg (16881772), a Swedish scientist who after a religious experience devoted himself to Christian mysticism, believing that he could travel to Heaven and Hell and communicate with angels, demons and spirits, and who published widely on the subject of his experiences. 2. The second person was Franz Mesmer (17341815), who had developed a form of healing using magnets, believing that there was a force known as "animal magnetism" that affected humans.
3. The third figure was the Russian Helena Blavatsky who practice New Age spirituality. (18311891), one of the founders of the Theosophical Society, through which she propagated her religious movement of Theosophy, which itself combined a number of elements from Eastern religions like Hinduism and Buddhism with Western elements. 4. The fourth figure was George Gurdjieff (c. 18721949), who founded the philosophy of the Fourth Way, through which he conveyed a number of spiritual teachings to his disciples. 5. A fifth individual whom Drury identified as an important influence upon the New Age movement was the Indian Swami Vivekananda (18631902), an adherent of the philosophy of Vedanta who first brought Hinduism to the West in the late 19th century. The term New Age was used as early as 1809 by William Blake who described a coming era of spiritual and artistic advancement in his preface to Milton a Poem by stating: "...when the New Age is at leisure to pronounce, all will be set right..." Some of the New Age movement's constituent elements appeared initially in the 19th-century metaphysical movements: Spiritualism, Theosophy, and New Thought and also the alternative medicine movements of chiropractics and naturopathy. These movements have roots in Transcendentalism, Mesmerism, Swedenborgianism, and various earlier Western esoteric or occult traditions, such as the hermetic arts of astrology, magic, alchemy, and Kabbalah. The term New Age was used in this context in Madame Blavatsky's book The Secret Doctrine, published in 1888.
New Age A weekly journal of Christian liberalism and socialism titled The New Age was published as early as 1894;[3] it was sold to a group of socialist writers headed by Alfred Richard Orage and Holbrook Jackson in 1907. Contributors included H. G. Wells, George Bernard Shaw, and William Butler Yeats; the magazine became a forum for politics, literature, and the arts.[4][5] Between 1908 and 1914, it was instrumental in pioneering the British avant-garde from Vorticism to Imagism. Orage met P. D. Ouspensky, then a young original philosopher of metaphysics, in 1914 and began correspondence with Harry Houdini; he became less interested in literature and art with an increased focus on mysticism and other spiritual topics; the magazine was sold in 1921. According to Brown University, The New Age "...helped to shape modernism in literature and the arts from 1907 to 1922."
Development
Popularisation behind these ideas has roots in the work of early 20th century writers such as D. H. Lawrence and William Butler Yeats. In the early- to mid-1900s, American mystic, theologian, and founder of the Association for Research and Enlightenment Edgar Cayce was a seminal influence on what later would be termed the New Age movement; he was known in particular for the practice some refer to as channeling. The psychologist Carl Jung was a proponent of the concept of the Age of Aquarius. In a letter to his friend Peter Baynes, dated 12 August 1940, Jung wrote a passage:
New Age shrine in Glastonbury, England
This year reminds me of the enormous earthquake in 26 B.C. that shook down the great temple of Karnak. It was the prelude to the destruction of all temples, because a new time had begun. 1940 is the year when we approach the meridian of the first star in Aquarius. It is the premonitory earthquake of the New Age...[6] Former Theosophist Rudolf Steiner and his Anthroposophical movement are a major influence. Neo-Theosophist Alice Bailey published the book Discipleship in the New Age (1944), which used the term New Age in reference to the transition from the astrological age of Pisces to Aquarius. While claims of racial bias in the writings of Rudolf Steiner and Alice Bailey were made,[7] Bailey was firmly opposed to the Axis powers; she believed that Adolf Hitler was possessed by the Dark Forces,[8] and Steiner emphasized racial equality as a principle central to anthroposophical thought and humanity's progress. Any racial elements from these influences have not remained part of the Anthroposophical Society as contemporary adherents of the society have either not adopted or repudiated these beliefs. Another early usage of the term, was by the American artist, mystic, and philosopher Walter Russell, who spoke of ...this New Age philosophy of the spiritual re-awakening of man...Man's purpose in this New Age is to acquire more and more knowledge... in his essay "Power Through Knowledge", which was also published in 1944.[9]
New Age
New Age
Spirituality
Philosophy and cosmology
While the New Age lacks any unified belief-system, many spiritual practices and philosophies feature commonly among adherents of the movementsometimes referred to as New Agers.
Concept Theism Spiritual beings Afterlife Description General and abstract idea of God, understood in many ways and seen as superseding the need to anthropomorphize the deity. Many believe that gods, devas, angels, Ascended Masters, elementals, ghosts, fairies, Spirit guides and extraterrestrials can spiritually guide people who open themselves to such guidance. [11] New Age thinkers have expressed a variety of beliefs about an afterlife. Every New Age person must find their own path whether it involves reincarnation, non-existence, or a higher plane of consciousness. Some believe consciousness persists after death as life in different forms; the afterlife exists for further learning through the form of a spirit, reincarnation and/or near-death experiences. The New Age belief in reincarnation can differ from the Buddhist or Hindu concepts: seeing a soul, for example, born into a spiritual realm or even on a far-away planet, and there is no desire to end this process; there are also beliefs that either all individuals (not just a minority) can choose where they reincarnate, or that God/the universe always chooses the best reincarnation [12] for each person. There may be a belief in a limited number of earthly lives which are followed by some guaranteed higher [13] existence. One version is that the individual must incarnate once under each of the twelve signs of the zodiac. There may be a belief in hell, but typically not in the traditional Christian sense or Islamic sense of eternal damnation. Universalist views of the afterlife are common. Some New Age thinkers have declared that, sometime before the 21st century, the world began entering an age of Aquarius. For example, in her book The Aquarian Conspiracy (1980), Marilyn Ferguson acknowledges being drawn to the notion that we are leaving a dark Piscean age and entering "a millennium of love and light in the words of the popular song, 'The Age of Aquarius', [14] the time of 'the mind's true liberation'". In the 1990s, spiritual writers Corinne McLaughlin and Gordon Davidson drew on their knowledge of astrology to declare that we are entering an age of Aquarius, which would be characterized by intuitive thinking, [15] group consciousness, and planetary service, and could be expected to last about 2,100 years. Other claims about the developments associated with the Age of Aquarius include, but are not limited to, human rights, democracy, innovative technology, electricity, computers, and aviation. Esoteric claims are that the Age of Aquarius will see a rise in consciousness. Related to the above; a belief that we are living on the threshold of a great change in human consciousness usually focused on the date December 21, 2012 when a major, usually positive, change was believed to have occurred. See 2012 phenomenon. Horoscopes and the Zodiac are used in understanding, interpreting, and organizing information about personality, human affairs, and other terrestrial matters. Life has a purpose; this includes a belief in synchronicitythat coincidences have spiritual meaning and lessons to teach those open to them. Everything is universally connected through God and participates in the same energy. There is a cosmic goal and a belief that all entities are (knowingly or unknowingly) cooperating towards this goal. Children are being born with a more highly developed spiritual power than earlier generations.
Age of Aquarius
Eschatology
Astrology
Teleology
New Age writer Mark Satin found that, even in the 1970s, New Age people were rejecting traditional sex roles in favor of relaionships and ways of being that emphasized such qualities as authenticity, women's equality in all areas of life, and freedom to [16] choose. A pair of social scientists claims that New Agers are unusually committed to helping others, both in personal [17] relationships (by drawing out peoples unique selves) and through volunteer activities. New Age writers Corinne McLaughlin [18] and David Spangler point to a longing for connectedness with other members of one's community. A variety of possible New Age interpersonal and intra-community relationships, many highlighting the wisdom and empowerment of women, is explored in [19] Starhawk's futuristric novel The Fifth Sacred Thing. An important aspect of perception offset by a somewhat strict rationalism noted especially in the works of psychologist Carl Jung. [20] Positive thinking supported by affirmations will achieve success in anything, based on the concept that Thought Creates. Therefore, as one begins focusing attention and consciousness on the positive, on the "half-filled" glass of water, reality starts shifting and materializing the positive intentions and aspects of life. A certain critical mass of people with a highly spiritual consciousness will bring about a sudden change in the whole population. Humans have a responsibility to take part in positive [21] creative activity and to work to heal ourselves, each other and the planet.
Intuition
Optimism
New Age
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The human mind has much greater potential than that ascribed to it and can even override physical reality.
Humans have potential healing powers, such as therapeutic touch, which they can develop to heal others through touch or at a distance. Concept of Eternal Now as a true nature of time (including the past, present, and a multitude of "snapshots" of the pre-constructed variants of the future). Cyclic, as well as relative nature of time. "Spirit sees things differently than you do. You work in a linear time frame and Spirit does not." A human's choices made in the present affect his/her linear past, as the totality of time is a closed [22][23] dynamic system. "You are eternal in both directions... If you look far enough into your past, you'll find your future [24] there."
Matriarchy
Eastern world Meditation, Yoga, Tantra, Chinese medicine, Ayurveda, Martial arts, T'ai chi ch'uan, Falun Gong, Qigong, Reflexology, Reiki, and practices other Eastern practices may assist in focusing spirituality. Diet Food influences both the mind and body; it is generally preferable to practice vegetarianism, veganism and rawfoodism by eating [25] fresh organic food, which is locally grown and in season; fasting may be used. An appeal to the language of nature and mathematics, as evidenced by numerology, Kabbalah, Sacred geometry, and gnosticism to discern the nature of God. Quantum mechanics, parapsychology, and the Gaia hypothesis have been used in quantum mysticism to explain spiritual principles. Authors Deepak Chopra, Fritjof Capra, Fred Alan Wolf, and Gary Zukav have linked quantum mechanics to New Age spirituality, which is presented in the film What the Bleep Do We Know!? (2004); also, in connection with the Law of Attraction, which is related to New Thought and presented in the film The Secret (2006). They have interpreted the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle, quantum entanglement, wave function collapse, or the many-worlds interpretation to mean that all objects in the universe are one (monism), that possibility and existence are endless, and that the physical world is only what one believes it to be. In medicine, such practices as therapeutic touch, homeopathy, chiropractic, and naturopathy involve hypotheses and treatments that have not been accepted by the conventional, science-based medical community through the normal course of empirical testing. New Age thought often includes references to the paranormal and to parapsychology.
Mathematics
Science
New Age
Lifestyle
New Age spirituality has led to a wide array of literature on the subject and an active niche market, with books, music, crafts, and services in alternative medicine available at New Age stores, fairs, and festivals.
Demographics
People who practice New Age spirituality or who embrace its lifestyle are included in the Lifestyle of Health and Sustainability (LOHAS) demographic market segment, figures rising, related to New Age shop in St Albans, UK sustainable living, green ecological initiatives, and generally composed of a relatively affluent and well-educated segment. The LOHAS market segment in 2006 was estimated at USD$300 billion, approximately 30 percent of the United States consumer market. According to The New York Times, a study by the Natural Marketing Institute showed that in 2000, 68 million Americans were included within the LOHAS demographic. The sociologist Paul H. Ray, who coined the term cultural creatives in his book The Cultural Creatives: How 50 Million People Are Changing the World (2000), states, "What you're seeing is a demand for products of equal quality that are also virtuous." The movement is strongly gendered; sociologist Ciara O'Connor argues that it shows a tension between commodification and women's empowerment.[26]
Community
Some New Agers advocate living in a simple and sustainable manner to reduce humanity's impact on the natural resources of Earth; and they shun consumerism.[28] The New Age movement has been centered around rebuilding a sense of community to counter social disintegration; this has been attempted through the formation of intentional communities, where individuals come together to live and work in a communal lifestyle.
Holistic health
Practitioners of New Age spirituality may use alternative medicine in addition to or in place of conventional medicine;[29] while some conventional physicians have adopted aspects or the complete approach of holistic health. The mainstreaming of the Holistic Health movement in the UK is discussed by Maria Tighe. The inter-relation of holistic health with the New Age movement is illustrated in Jenny Butler's ethnographic description of "Angel therapy" in the Republic of Ireland.
Definitions of sustainability often refer to the "three pillars" of social, environmental, and [27] economic sustainability.
New Age
Music
New Age music is peaceful music of various styles intended to create inspiration, relaxation, and positive feelings while listening. Studies have determined that New Age music can be an effective component of stress management. The style began in the 1970s with the works of free-form jazz groups recording on the ECM label; such as Oregon, the Paul Winter Consort, and other pre-ambient bands; as well as ambient music performer Brian Eno and classical avant-garde musician Daniel Kobialka.[30][31] In the early 1970s, it was mostly instrumental with both acoustic and electronic styles. New Age music evolved to include a wide range of styles from electronic space music using synthesizers and acoustic instrumentals using Native American flutes and drums, singing bowls, and world music sounds to spiritual chanting from other cultures. Many online radio stations exemplify New Age, which phenomenon-intuitive-ethereal genre. For example, Gaia Radio [32] has always been a non-empirical
Reception
Organized religion
Mainstream religious institutions have been critical of New Age spirituality. Author Johanna Michaelson published her own experiences with various New Age practices in The Beautiful Side of Evil (1982); after concluding these activities were demonic, she converted to Christianity. Michigan attorney and activist Constance Cumbey offered the first major criticism of the New Age movement from a Christian perspective in The Hidden Dangers of the Rainbow: The New Age Movement and Our Coming Age of Barbarism (1983). The Roman Catholic Church published A Christian reflection on the New Age in 2003, following a six-year study; the 90-page document criticizes New Age practices such as yoga, meditation, feng shui, and crystal healing.[33] According to the Vatican, euphoric states attained through New Age practices should not be confused with prayer or viewed as signs of God's presence. Cardinal Paul Poupard, then-president of the Pontifical Council for Culture, said the "New Age is a misleading answer to the oldest hopes of man". Monsignor Michael Fitzgerald, then-president of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue, stated at the Vatican conference on the document: the "Church avoids any concept that is close to those of the New Age". Expressing agreement with the Vatican's position, Richard Land of the Southern Baptist Convention stated that there's "widespread agreement" by Baptists who regard New Age ideas as contrary to Christian tradition and doctrine: "Richard Land, president of the convention's Ethics and Religious Liberty Commission, said there would be widespread agreement among Baptists that New Age ideas are contrary to Christian tradition and doctrine."
Academia
In the 2003 book A Culture of Conspiracy: Apocalyptic Visions in Contemporary America written by Michael Barkun, professor emeritus of political science at the Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs Barkun argues New Age beliefs have been greatly facilitated by the advent of the internet which has exposed people to beliefs once consigned to the outermost fringe of political and religious life. He identifies two trends which he terms, " the rise of improvisational millennialism" and "the popularity of stigmatized knowledge". He voices concern that these trends could lead to mass hysteria and could have a devastating effect on American political life. Richard H. Jones has given a sustained attack on the New Age use of science.
New Age
Integral theory
The author Ken Wilber posits that most New Age thought falls into what he termed the pre/trans fallacy. According to Wilber, human developmental psychology moves from the pre-personal, through the personal, then to the transpersonal (spiritually advanced or enlightened) level. He regards 80 percent of New Age spirituality as pre-rational (pre-conventional) and as relying primarily on mythic-magical thinking; this contrasts with a post-rational (including and transcending rational) genuinely world-centric consciousness. Despite his criticism of most New Age thought, Wilber has been categorized as New Age due to his emphasis on a transpersonal view,[34] and more recently, as a philosopher.[35]
Goddess movement
Followers of the Goddess movement have severely criticized the New Age as fundamentally patriarchal, analytical rather than intuitive, and as supporting the status quo, particularly in its implicit gender roles. Monica Sj (19382005) wrote that New Age channelers were virtually all women, but the spirits they purported to channel, offering guidance to humanity, were nearly all male. Sj was highly critical of Theosophy, the "I AM" Activity, and particularly Alice Bailey, whom she saw as promoting Nazi-like Aryan ideals. Sj's writings also condemn the New Age for its support of communication and information processing technologies which, she believes, may produce harmful low-level electromagnetic radiation.[36][37][38]
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Fritjof Capra, author of The Turning Point (1982) After the political turmoil of the 1960s, many activists in North America and Europe became disillusioned with traditional reformist and revolutionary political ideologies.[40] Some began searching for a new politics that gave special weight to such topics as consciousness, ecology, personal and spiritual development, community empowerment, and global unity.[41][42] An outpouring of books from New Age thinkers acknowledged that search and attempted to articulate that politics. According to some observers,[43][44] the first was Mark Satin's New Age Politics (1978).[] It originally appeared in Canada in 1976.[45][46] Other books that have been described as New Age political include Theodore Roszak's Person / Planet (1978),[][47] Marilyn Ferguson's The Aquarian Conspiracy (1980),[] Alvin Toffler and Heidi Toffler's The Third Wave (1980),[48] Hazel Henderson's The Politics of the Solar Age (1981),[49] Fritjof Capra's The Turning Point (1982),[50] Robert Muller's New Genesis (1982),[51][52] John Naisbitt's Megatrends (1982),[53] Willis Harman's Global Mind Change (1988),[54] James Redfield's The Celestine Prophecy (1993),[][55] and Corinne McLaughlin and Gordon Davidson's Spiritual Politics (1994).[] All these books were issued by major publishers. Some became international bestsellers. By the 1980s, New Age political ideas were being discussed in big-city newspapers[56][57] and established political magazines.[58] In addition, some of the New Age's own periodicals were regularly addressing social and political issues. In the U.S., observers pointed to Leading Edge Bulletin,[59] New Age Journal,[60][61] New Options Newsletter,[62] and Utne Reader.[63] Other such periodicals included New Humanity (England),[64] Alterna (Denmark),[65] Odyssey (South Africa), and World Union from the Sri Aurobindo Ashram (India). As with any political movement, organizations sprang up to generate popular support for New Age political ideas and policy positions. In the U.S., commentators identified the New Age Caucus of California,[66][67] the New World Alliance,[68][69] Planetary Citizens,[70] and John Vasconcellos's Self-Determination: A Personal / Political Network[71] as New Age political organizations. So, on occasion, did their own spokespeople.[72] There may have been more New Age political organizing outside the U.S.; writer-activists pointed to the Future in Our Hands movement in Norway (which claimed 20,000 adherents out of a population of four million),[73] the early European Green movements,[74] and the Values Party of New Zealand.[75] Although these books, periodicals, and organizations did not speak with one voice, commentators found that many of them sounded common themes: Our world does not reflect who we at our best can be. All our most significant social and political problems go back at least 300 years.[76] The political system therefore needs to be transformed, not just reformed, with the help of a new political theory appropriate to our time. Holism seeing everything as connected is the first step on the way to creating that new political theory. Doing away with the categories of "left" and "right" is another essential part of that task.
New Age Significant social change requires deep changes in consciousness; institutional change is not enough.[77] Above all, consciousness needs to become more ecologically aware, more feminist, and more oriented to compassionate global unity. Desirable values include nonviolence, diversity, a sense of community, and a sense of enoughness. Human growth and development, not economic growth, should be the overarching goal of New Age society. Ownership and control of institutions is important. But the size of institutions is at least as important. We must move away from big governments, big corporations, and other large institutions to the extent it enhances our lives. We can begin this process by interlacing hierarchical structures with horizontal networks.[78] Global unification is a key goal, but is probably best accomplished by networking at many levels rather than establishing a centralized world state. The agent of political change is no longer the working class, or any economic class. Instead, it is all those who are developing themselves personally and spiritually all who aspire to live lives of dignity and service. Evolution is to be preferred to revolution. However, the forces of evolutionary change need not be a statistical majority. A "critical mass" of informed, committed, and spiritually aware people can move a nation forward. Over time, these themes began to cohere. By the 1980s, observers in both North America and Europe[79][80] were acknowledging the emergence of a New Age political "ideology".
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[9] (The University of Science and Philosophy). "Power Through Knowledge" (http:/ / www. philosophy. org/ index. php?option=com_content& task=view& id=4& Itemid=1), retrieved 2010-10-12 [10] Hanegraaff 1996, p.97. [11] Drury, Nevill (1999). Exploring the Labyrinth: Making Sense of the New Spirituality. Continuum Publishing. ISBN 978-0-8264-1182-2. [12] New Age Afterlife and Salvation (http:/ / www. patheos. com/ Library/ New-Age/ Beliefs/ Afterlife-and-Salvation. html), Patheos online library [13] The Secret Language of Birthdays. Goldschneider and Elffers [14] Ferguson (1980), cited above, p. 19. [15] McLaughlin and Davidson (1994), cited above, p. 274. [16] Satin (1978), cited above, pp. 25-27 and 111-12. [17] Ray, Paul H.; Anderson, Sherry Ruth (2000). The Cultural Creatives: How 50 Million People Are Changing the World. Random House, pp.xiv and 29. ISBN 978-0-609-60467-0. [18] McLaughlin, Corinne; Davidson, Gordon (1985). Builders of the Dawn: Community Lifestyles in a Changing World. Stillpoint Publishing, pp. 9-11 (Spangler is quoted). ISBN 978-0-913299-20-3. [19] Starhawk (1993). The Fifth Sacred Thing. Bantam Books. ISBN 978-0-553-37380-6. [20] The Salem New Age Center. Salem, Massachusetts, US. Supercharged Affirmations (http:/ / www. salemctr. com/ newage/ center32. html), retrieved 2007-08 [21] Accepting Total and Complete Responsibility: New Age NeoFeminist Violence against Sethna (http:/ / fap. sagepub. com/ cgi/ content/ refs/ 2/ 1/ 113) Feminism Psychology. (1992) 2: pp. 11319 [22] Letters from home : loving messages from the family. by Kryon, (Spirit); Lee Carroll. ISBN 978-1-888053-12-8 [23] he end times : new information for personal peace : Kryon book 1. Lee Carroll; Kryon, (Spirit). ISBN 978-0-9636304-2-1 [24] 2000: passing the marker (understanding the new millennium energy) -- Kryon Book VIII, by Kryon, (Spirit); Lee Carroll. ISBN 978-1-888053-11-1 [25] The Global Oneness Commitment. Fast Fasting New Age Spirituality Dictionary (http:/ / www. experiencefestival. com/ a/ Fast_Fasting/ id/ 117669), retrieved 2008-04 [26] O'Connor, Ciara, "Becoming whole: an exploration of women's choices in the holistic and New Age movement in Ireland". 22039 in Olivia Cosgrove et al. (eds), Ireland's new religious movements. Cambridge Scholars, 2011 [27] Adams, W.M. (2006). "The Future of Sustainability: Re-thinking Environment and Development in the Twenty-first Century" (http:/ / cmsdata. iucn. org/ downloads/ iucn_future_of_sustanability. pdf) Report of the IUCN Renowned Thinkers Meeting, 2931 January 2006, retrieved 2009-02-16 [28] Satin (1978), p.199. [29] Butler, Jenny and Maria Tighe, "Holistic Health and New Age in the British Isles". 415-34 in Kemp, Daren and Lewis, James R., ed. (2007), Handbook of New Age, Boston, Massachusetts, US: Brill Academic Publishers, ISBN 978-90-04-15355-4. [30] Birosik, Patti Jean (1989). The New Age Music Guide. Collier Books. ISBN 978-0-02-041640-1. [31] Werkhoven, Henk N. (1997). The International Guide to New Age Music. Billboard Books / Crown Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-8230-7661-1. [32] http:/ / www. windowsmedia. com/ RadioTunerAPI/ Service. asmx/ playStation?stationID=d4bcd49f-06f1-4c18-9c68-aa11731a0c11& dialupDetected=false& useHighBandwidth=true& locale=en-us [33] Handbook of vocational psychology by W. Bruce Walsh, Mark Savickas. 2005. p. 358. ISBN 978-0-8058-4517-4. [34] Wouter J. Hanegraaff, New Age Religion and Western Culture, SUNY, 1998, pp.70 ("Ken Wilber [...] defends a transpersonal worldview which qualifies as 'New Age'"). [35] Marian de Souza (ed.), International handbook of the religious, moral and spiritual dimensions in education. Dordrecht: Springer 2006, p. 93. ISBN 978-1-4020-4803-6. [36] Sj, Monica (1998).Bristol, England: Green Leaf Bookshop. New Age Channelings - Who Or What Is Being Channeled? (http:/ / monicasjoo. org/ books/ naessay/ newageessay1. htm), retrieved 2010-06-28 [37] Sj, Monica. Notes and explanations to accompany Return of the Dark/Light Mother. Originally appeared in From the Flames, Radical Feminism with Spirit, Issue 22 (Winter 1998/99). Sinister Channelings (http:/ / monicasjoo. org/ artic/ channelbrief/ sinisterchannelings1. htm#), retrieved 2010-06-28 [38] Sj, Monica (1999-09-09). Return of the Dark/Light Mother or New Age Armageddon? Towards a Feminist Vision of the Future. Texas: Plain View Press [39] Kyle, Richard G. (Autumn 1995). "The Political Ideas of the New Age Movement". Journal of Church and State, pp.83148. Alternate version in Kyle, Richard (1994). The New Age Movement in American Culture. University Press of America, pp.11331. ISBN 978-0-7618-0010-1. [40] Cloud, Dana L. (1994). "'Socialism of the Mind': The New Age of Post-Marxism". In Simons, Herbert W.; Billig, Michael, eds. (1994). After Postmodernism: Reconstructing Ideology Critique. SAGE Publications, Chap. 10. ISBN 978-0-8039-8878-1. Alternate version in Cloud, Dana (1997). Control and Consolation in American Life: Rhetoric of Therapy. SAGE Publications, Chap. 6. ISBN 978-0-7619-0506-6. [41] Gottlieb, Annie (1987). Do You Believe in Magic?: Bringing the 60s Back Home. Simon & Schuster, pp.12462. ISBN 978-0-671-66050-5. [42] Ray and Anderson (2000), cited above, pp.18892. ISBN 978-0-609-60467-0.
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[43] Capra, Fritjof (1993). "Vorwort". In Satin, Mark (1993). Heile dich selbst und unsere Erde. Arbor Verlag, pp.15. German language publication. ISBN 978-3-924195-01-4. [44] Wasserman, Harvey (31 August 1985). "The Politics of Transcendence". The Nation, pp.14548. [45] Armstrong, David (1981). A Trumpet to Arms: Alternative Media in America. Jeremy P. Tarcher Inc., pp.31516. ISBN 978-0-89608-193-2. [46] Nielsen, Robert (26 January 1977). "A Slightly Flawed Blueprint for a Whole New Society". Toronto Star, p.B4. Editorial page. [47] Amodeo, John (NovemberDecember 1980). "Spiritual Revolution". Yoga Journal, issue no. 35, pp.5556. [48] Toffler, Alvin; Toffler, Heidi (1980). The Third Wave. William Morrow and Company. ISBN 978-0-688-03597-6. [49] Henderson, Hazel (1981). The Politics of the Solar Age: Alternatives to Economics. Anchor Press / Doubleday. ISBN 978-0-385-17150-2. [50] Capra, Fritjof (1982) The Turning Point: Science, Society, and the Rising Culture. Bantam Books. ISBN 978-0-553-34572-8. [51] Muller, Robert (1982). New Genesis: Shaping a Global Spirituality. Doubleday and Company. ISBN 978-0-385-19332-0. [52] Chandler, Russell. Understanding the New Age. Zondervan Publishing House, Chap.21. ISBN 978-0-310-38561-5. [53] Naisbitt, John (1982). Megatrends: Ten New Directions Transforming Our Lives. Warner Books. ISBN 978-0-446-51251-0. [54] Harman, Willis (1988). Global Mind Change: The New Age Revolution in the Way We Think. Warner Books edition. ISBN 978-0-446-39147-4. Substantially revised in 1998 as Global Mind Change: The Promise of the 21st Century. Introduction by Hazel Henderson. Berrett-Koehler Publishers. ISBN 978-1-57675-029-2. [55] Redfield, James (1993). The Celestine Prophecy: An Adventure. Warner Books. ISBN 978-0-446-67100-2. [56] Sidenbladh, Erik (5 October 1980). "Krerativ Rorelse for 'Den Nya Tidsaldern'". Svenska Dagbladet (Stockholm), "Idag" section, p.1. Swedish language publication. [57] Thomas, Bill (17 April 1984). "Now 'New Age' Activists Search for Alternatives". The Baltimore Sun, pp.B12. [58] McClaughry, John (August 1980). "What's This New Age Stuff?" Reason, pp.4647. [59] Ferguson (1980), cited above, p.426. [60] Gottlieb (1987), cited above, p.372. [61] Satin (1978), cited above, p.316. [62] Gottlieb (1987), cited above, pp.15354 and 372. [63] Gruson, Lindsay (1988). "Utne Reader Is a New Age Digest". The Milwaukee Journal, p.5G. New York Times Service article. [64] Ferguson (1980), cited above, pp.229 and 410. [65] Ferguson (1980), cited above, p.409. [66] Satin (1978), cited above, pp.33940. [67] Henderson (1981), cited above, p.383. [68] Clark, Jerome (1990). "New Age Politics". In Melton, J. Gordon; Clark, Jerome; Kelly, Aidan A., eds. (1990). New Age Encyclopedia. Gale Research, Inc., pp.32325. . ISSN accessed 28 August 2012. [69] Stein, Arthur (1985). Seeds of the Seventies: Values, Work, and Commitment in Post-Vietnam America. University Press of New England, pp.13439. ISBN 978-0-87451-343-1. [70] Groothuis, Douglas R. (1987). "Politics: Building an International Platform". In Hoyt, Karen; Yamamoto, J. Isamu, eds. (1987). The New Age Rage. Fleming H. Revell Company / Baker Publishing Group, Chap.5. ISBN 978-0-8007-5257-6. [71] Satin (1978), cited above, p.345. [72] Saunders, Marilyn, interviewer; Olson, Bob (December 1980). " The New World Alliance: Toward a Transformational Politics (http:/ / www. ahpweb. org/ images/ stories/ archive_pdfs/ 1980/ December1980. pdf)". AHP Newsletter, pp.1416. A publication of the Association for Humanistic Psychology. Accessed 23 August 2012. [73] Ferguson (1980), cited above, pp.40910. [74] Satin (1978), cited above, pp.1415. [75] Henderson (1980), cited above, pp.373 and 397. [76] Slaton, Christa Daryl; Woolpert, Stephen; Schwerin, Edward W. (1998). "Introduction: What Is Transformational Politics?" In Woolpert, Stephen; Slaton, Christa Daryl; and Schwerin, Edward W., eds. (1998). Transformational Politics: Theory, Study, and Practice. State University of New York Press, pp.xixxxiii. ISBN 978-0-7914-3945-6. [77] Boggs, Carl (2000). The End of Politics. Guilford Press, pp.16973. ISBN 978-1-57230-504-5. [78] Lipnack, Jessica; Stamps, Jeffrey (1982). Networking: The First Report and Directory. Doubleday and Company, Chap.6. ISBN 978-0-385-18121-1. [79] Jamison, Andrew (2001). The Making of Green Knowledge: Environmental Politics and Cultural Transformation. Cambridge University Press, p.5. ISBN 978-0-521-79252-3. [80] Zizek, Slavoj (2000). The Ticklish Subject: The Absent Centre of Political Ontology. Verso Books, pp.12. ISBN 978-1-85984-291-1. [81] Sessions, George (23 September 1987). " Deep Ecology and the New Age (http:/ / www. clas. ufl. edu/ users/ bron/ re/ Sessions--deandnewage7(8)27(sep87). pdf)". Earth First! Journal, pp.2730. Deep ecologist says New Age politics is too enamored of high technology, space exploration, and computer management systems. Accessed 15 September 2012. [82] Weigel, George (March 1989). "No Options". American Purpose, vol. 3, no. 3, pp.2122. Mainstream conservative says New Age politics is just a retooled version of leftism. [83] Jamison (2001), cited above, p.169. [84] Zizek (2000), cited above, pp.12 and 70.
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[85] LaHaye, Tim; Hindson, Ed (2001). Seduction of the Heart: How to Guard and Keep Your Heart from Evil. W Publishing Group / Thomas Nelson, Inc., p.178. ISBN 978-0-8499-1726-4. [86] Rhodes, Ron (1995). New Age Movement. Zondervan Publishing House, p.20. ISBN 978-0-310-70431-7. [87] Ray and Anderson (2000), cited above, pp.20607. [88] Gottlieb (1987), cited above, p.153. [89] Satin, Mark (1991). New Options for America: The Next American Experiment Has Begun. Foreword by Marilyn Ferguson. The Press at California State University / Southern Illinois University Press, Chap.19. ISBN 978-0-8093-1794-3. [90] Anderson, Walter Truett, ed. (1995). "Four Different Ways to Be Absolutely Right". In Anderson, Walter Truett, ed. (1995). The Truth About the Truth: De-Confusing and Re-Constructing the Postmodern World. A Jeremy P. Tarcher Putnam Book / G. P. Putnams Sons, Chap.18. ISBN 978-0-87477-801-4. [91] Gerzon, Mark (1996). A House Divided: Six Belief Systems Struggling for America's Soul. A Jeremy P. Tarcher Putnam Book / G. P. Putnams Sons. ISBN 978-0-87477-823-6. [92] As shown above, the Satin text was published in a book foreworded by Marilyn Ferguson, and the Anderson and Gerzon texts were published under the imprint of Ferguson's publisher, Jeremy P. Tarcher Inc. [93] McLaughlin (1993), cited above, p.81 (quoting Satin). [94] Gerzon (1996), cited above, Chaps.78. [95] Wilber, Ken (2000). A Theory of Everything: An Integral Vision for Business, Politics, Science, and Spirituality. Shambhala Publications. ISBN 978-1-57062-724-8. [96] Satin, Mark (2004). Radical Middle: The Politics We Need Now. Westview Press and Basic Books. ISBN 978-0-8133-4190-3. [97] Korten, David C. (2006). The Great Turning: From Empire to Earth Community. Berrett-Koehler Publishers. ISBN 978-1-887208-07-9. [98] McIntosh, Steve (2007). Integral Consciousness and the Future of Evolution: How the Integral Worldview Is Transforming Politics, Culture, and Spirituality. Paragon House. ISBN 978-1-55778-867-2. [99] Hamilton, Marilyn (2008). Integral City: Evolutionary Intelligences for the Human Hive. New Society Publishers / Douglas & McIntyre. ISBN 978-0-86571-629-2. [100] Phipps, Carter (2012). Evolutionaries: Unlocking the Spiritual and Cultural Potential of Sciences Greatest Idea. Harper Perennial. ISBN 978-0-06-191613-7. [101] AmericaSpeaks (http:/ / Americaspeaks. org). Official website. Retrieved 31 August 2012. [102] Association Reset-Dialogues on Civilizations (http:/ / www. resetdoc. org). Official website. Retrieved 31 August 2012. [103] Listening Project (http:/ / www. listeningproject. info). Official website. Retrieved 31 August 2012. [104] Search for Common Ground (http:/ / www. sfcg. org/ ). Official website. Retrieved 31 August 2012. [105] Spiral Dynamics Integral (http:/ / www. spiraldynamics. net). Official website. Retrieved 31 August 2012. [106] Roemischler, Jessica, interviewer and narrator; Beck, Dr. Don (FallWinter 2002). " The Never-Ending Upward Quest (http:/ / www. mcs-international. org/ downloads/ 046_spiraldynamics_wie. pdf)". EnlightenNext, issue no. 22, pp.324. Retrieved 31 August 2012. [107] World Public Forum: Dialogue of Civilizations (http:/ / www. wpfdc. org). Official website. Retrieved 31 August 2012. [108] Melton, John Gordon (2012). "New Age Movement". In Encyclopedia Britannica (2012). Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica Inc. Retrieved 30 August 2012.
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Sources
Drury, Nevill (2004), The New Age: Searching for the Spiritual Self, London, England, UK: Thames and Hudson, ISBN978-0-500-28516-9 Hanegraaff, Wouter J. (1996), New Age Religion and Western Culture: Esotericism in the Mirror of Secular Thought (http://books.google.com/?id=yV1ADS0XXf4C&pg=PP1&dq=New+Age+Hanegraaff), Boston, Massachusetts, US: Brill Academic Publishers, ISBN978-90-04-10696-3 Lewis, James R. (1992), Perspectives on the New Age (http://books.google.com/?id=U1werz4a1BIC& pg=PP1&dq=Perspectives+on+the+New+Age), Albany, New York, US: State University of New York Press, ISBN978-0-7914-1213-8
New Age
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Further reading
Balmforth, David N. (1996). New Age Menace: the Secret War against the Followers of Christ. Bountiful, Utah: Horizon Publishers. 171 p. N.B.: Despite the innate affinities of certain doctrines of L.D.S. Mormonism with New Age thought, this Mormon author warns his co-religionists against its seductive appeal for them. ISBN 978-0-88290-535-8. Bendeck Sotillos, Samuel (2013). "New Age or the Kali-Yuga?" AHP Perspective (April/May), pp.1521. Boynton, Dori, compiler (1991). Lady Boynton's "New Age" Dossiers: a Serendipitous Digest of News and Articles on Trends in Modern Day Mysticism and Decadence. New Port Richey, Flor.: Lady D. Boynton. 2 vol. N.B.: Anthology of reprinted articles, pamphlets, etc. on New Age aspects of speculation in psychology, philosophy, music (especially music therapy), religion, sexuality, etc. Cotter, John (1990). The New Age and Syncretism, in the World and in the Church. Long Prairie, Minn.: Neumann Press. 38 p. N.B.: The approach to the issue is from a conservative Roman Catholic position. ISBN 978-0-911845-20-4. Eadie, Betty J., and Curtis Taylor (1992). Embraced by the Light. New York: Bantam Books, 1994, cop. 1992. 147 p. N.B.: New Age expression of speculation about the afterlife and related matters by a celebrated and somewhat dissident L.D.S. Mormon (i.e. Eadie herself) who obviously finds such views to be compatible with Mormonism's doctrines concerning such subjects. ISBN 978-0-553-56591-1. Hammer, Olav (2003), Claiming Knowledge: Strategies of Epistemology from Theosophy to the New Age, Boston, Massachusetts, US: Brill Academic Publishers, ISBN978-90-04-13638-0 Heelas, Paul (1996), The New Age Movement: Religion, Culture and Society in the Age of Postmodernity (http:// books.google.com/?id=lBC5UHkEFXkC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q=&f=false), Cambridge, Massachusetts, US: Blackwell Publishing, ISBN978-0-631-19332-6 Kemp, Daren (2004), New Age, a Guide: Alternative Spiritualities from Aquarian Conspiracy to Next Age, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK: Edinburgh University Press, ISBN978-0-7486-1532-2 Kemp, Daren and Lewis, James R., ed. (2007), Handbook of New Age, Boston, Massachusetts, US: Brill Academic Publishers, ISBN978-90-04-15355-4 Pacwa, Mitch (1992). Catholics and the New Age: How Good People Are Being Drawn into Jungian Psychology, the Enneagram, and the Age of Aquarius. Ann Arbor, Mich.: Servant Publications. 234 p. ISBN 978-0-89283-756-4. Pike, Sarah M. (2004), New Age and Neopagan Religions in America (http://books.google.com/ ?id=-vt8nTsS3XUC&printsec=frontcover&dq=New+Age+and+Neopagan+Religions+in+America&q), New York City, New York, US: Columbia University Press, ISBN978-0-231-12402-7 Spretnak, Charlene (1986). The Spiritual Dimension of Green Politics. Santa Fe, N.M.: Bear & Co. 95 p. ISBN 978-0-939680-29-0.
External links
New Age (http://www.dmoz.org//Society/Religion_and_Spirituality/New_Age/) at DMOZ The dictionary definition of New Age at Wiktionary
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License
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