1. PQ = PR of < QPR and S and T are point on PR and PQ such that PQS = PRT . Prove that PQS PRT.

RT. 2. Two lines AB and ! intersect each other at the point " such that B ## !A and B = !A. Show that " is the $idpoint of %oth the line&se'$ents AB and !( )oin B& and A&!* +. ,n trian'le P Q R - PQ . PR and QS and RS are the %isectors of Q and R- respectivel/. Show that SQ . SR 0. AB is an isosceles trian'le with AB = A and B! and = 1. 1 are its two $edians. Show that B!

2. ! and 1 are points on side B of a AB such that B! = 1 and A! = A1. Show that AB! A 1. 3. !1 is an e4uilateral trian'le for$ed on a side that A!1 B 1. ! of a s4uare AB ! ()oin A1 and B1*. Show !16.

5. BA A - !1 !6 such that BA = !1 and B6 = 1 . Show that AB

7. Q is a point on the side SR of a PSR such that PQ = PR. Prove that PS . PQ. 8. S is an/ point on side QR of a PQR. Show that9 PQ : QR : RP . 2 PS. 1;. ! is an/ point on side A of a AB with AB = A . Show that ! < B!.

11. l ## $ and < is the $id&point of a line se'$ent AB. Show that < is also the $id&point of an/ line se'$ent !- havin' its end points on l and $- respectivel/. 12. Bisectors of the an'les B and of an isosceles trian'le with AB = A intersect each other at ". B" is produced to a point <. Prove that <" =AB . 1+. Bisectors of the an'les B and of an isosceles trian'le AB with AB = A intersect each other at ". Show that e=ternal an'le ad)acent to AB is e4ual to B" . 10. A! is the %isector of BA . of !AB . Prove that AB . B!. 12. AB is a ri'ht trian'le and ri'ht an'led at B such that B A = 2 BA . A! perpendicular to B . Show that h/potenuse A = 2 B . 13. Prove that if in two trian'les two an'les and the included side of one trian'le are e4ual to two an'les and the included side of the other trian'le- then the two trian'les are con'ruent. 15. ,f the %isector of an an'le of a trian'le also %isects the opposite side- prove that the trian'le is isosceles. 17. S is an/ point in the interior of PQR. Show that SQ : SR < PQ : PR. > Produce QS to intersect PR at T?

BS1 T1ST PAP1R&2

1 $ar@s 4uestions 1. Ahich of the followin' is not a criterion for con'ruence of trian'lesB (A* SAS (B* ASA ( * SSA (!* SSS 2 . ,f AB = QR- B = PR and (A* AB A = PQ- then RPQ (!* PQR B A

PQR (B* BA PRQ ( * BA

+ . ,n AB - AB = A and B = 2;C. Then is e4ual to (A* 0;C (B* 2;C ( * 7;C (!* 1+;C 2 $ar@s 4uestions 1. ,n trian'les AB and PQR- A = Q and B = R. Ahich side of PQR should %e e4ual to side AB of AB so that the two trian'les are con'ruentB Dive reason for /our answer. 2 . ,n trian'les AB and PQR- A = Q and B = R. Ahich side of PQR should %e e4ual to side B of AB so that the two trian'les are con'ruentB Dive reason for /our answer. + . AB is a line se'$ent and line l is its perpendicular %isector. ,f a point P lies on l- show that P is e4uidistant fro$ A and B. + $ar@s 4uestions 1. S is an/ point in the interior of PQR. Show that SQ : SR < PQ : PR. 2. ,f the %isector of an an'le of a trian'le also %isects the opposite side- prove that the trian'le is isosceles. +. P is a point on the %isector of AB . ,f the line throu'h P- parallel to BA $eets B at Q- prove that BPQ is an isosceles trian'le. 0 $ar@s 4uestions 1. Prove that su$ of an/ two sides of a trian'le is 'reater than twice the $edian with respect to the third side 2. Show that in a 4uadrilateral AB : B : ! : !A < 2 (B! : A * +. ,n a ri'ht trian'le- prove that the line&se'$ent )oinin' the $id&point of the h/potenuse to the opposite verte= is half the h/potenuse.
Prove that followin's9 1. 2. A dia'onal of a parallelo'ra$ divides it into two con'ruent trian'les. ,n a parallelo'ra$- opposite sides and an'le are e4ual.

+. 0. 2. 3. 5. 7.

,f each pair of opposite sides of 4uadrilateral is e4ual- then it is a parallelo'ra$. ,f in a 4uadrilateral- each pair of opposite an'les is e4ual- then it is a parallelo'ra$. The dia'onals of a parallelo'ra$ %isect each other. ,f the dia'onals of a 4uadrilateral %isect each other- then it is a parallelo'ra$. A 4uadrilateral is a parallelo'ra$ if a pair of opposite sides is e4ual and parallel. The line drawn throu'h the $id&point of one side of a trian'le- parallel to another side%isects the third side.

8.

The line se'$ent )oinin' the $id& points of the two sides of a trian'le is parallel to the third side.

1;. Show that each an'le of a rectan'le is a ri'ht an'le. 11. Show that the dia'onal of a rho$%us are perpendicular to each other. 12. Show that the %isectors of the an'les of a parallelo'ra$ for$ a rectan'le. 1+. AB ! is a parallelo'ra$ (##'$* in which P and Q are $id&points of opposite side AB and intersects !P at S and BQ intersects PSQR is ##'$ 10. ,n Trian'le AB - !- 1 and 6are respectivel/ the $id points of sides AB- B and trian'le AB is divided into four con'ruent trian'le %/ )oinin' !- 1 and 6 A. Show that !. ,f AQ

" at R- show that (i* AP Q is ##'$(ii*!PBQ is ##'$(iii*

12. ,f the dia'onal of a parallelo'ra$ are e4ual- then show that it is a rectan'le. 13. Show that if the dia'onals of a 4uadrilateral %isect each other at ri'ht an'les- then it is a rho$%us. 15. Show that the dia'onals of a s4uare are e4ual and %isect each other at ri'ht an'les. 17. Show that if the dia'onals of a 4uadrilateral are e4ual and %isect each other at ri'ht an'les- then it is a s4uare. 19. ,n AB and !16- AB=!1- AB##!1- B =16 and B ##16. Eertices A- B and are )oined to

vertices !- 1 and 6 respectivel/. Show that9(i* Quadrilateral AB ! is a parallelo'ra$.(ii* Quadrilateral B16 is a parallelo'ra$.(iii* A!## 6 and A!= 6(iv* Quadrilaterals A 6! is a parallelo'ra$(v* A =!6(vi* AB !16. 2;. AB ! is a 4uadrilateral in which P- Q- R and S are $id&points of the sides AB- B A is a dia'onal. Show that9(i* SR##A ! and !A.

and SR =1F2 A (ii* PQ=SR(iii* PQRS is a parallelo'ra$.

21. AB ! is a rho$%us and P- Q- R and S are the $id& point of the sides AB- B - ! and !A respectivel/. Show that the 4uadrilateral PQRS is a rectan'le. 22. AB ! is a rectan'le and P- Q- R and S are $id&points of the sides AB- B - ! and !A respectivel/. Show that the 4uadrilateral PQRS is a rho$%us. 2+. Show that the line se'$ents )oinin' the $id&points of the opposite sides of a 4uadrilateral %isect each other.

20. AB

is a trian'le ri'ht an'le at

. A line throu'h the $id&points < of h/potenuse A< and parallel <=<A=1F2 AB.

to B intersects A

at !. Show that(i* ! is the $id Gpoint of A (ii* <! H A (iii*

1. PQ = PR of < QPR and S and T are point on PR and PQ such that PQS = PRT . Prove that PQS PRT.

2. Two lines AB and ! intersect each other at the point " such that B ## !A and B is the $idpoint of %oth the line&se'$ents AB and !( )oin B& and A&!*

= !A. Show that "

+. ,n trian'le P Q R - PQ . PR and QS and RS are the %isectors of Q and R- respectivel/.

Show that SQ . SR

0. AB

is an isosceles trian'le with AB = A and B! and

1 are its two $edians. Show that B! =

1.

2. ! and 1 are points on side B of a AB

such that B! =

1 and A! = A1. Show that AB! A 1.

3. !1 is an e4uilateral trian'le for$ed on a side A!1 B 1.

! of a s4uare AB ! ()oin A1 and B1*. Show that

5. BA A - !1 !6 such that BA = !1 and B6 = 1 . Show that AB

!16.

7. Q is a point on the side SR of a PSR such that PQ = PR. Prove that PS . PQ.

8. S is an/ point on side QR of a PQR. Show that9 PQ : QR : RP . 2 PS.

1;. ! is an/ point on side A of a AB with AB = A . Show that

! < B!.

11. l ## $ and < is the $id&point of a line se'$ent AB. Show that < is also the $id&point of an/ line se'$ent !- havin' its end points on l and $- respectivel/.

12. Bisectors of the an'les B and of an isosceles trian'le with AB = A intersect each other at ". B" is produced to a point <. Prove that <" =AB .

1+. Bisectors of the an'les B and of an isosceles trian'le AB with AB = A intersect each other at ". Show that e=ternal an'le ad)acent to AB is e4ual to B" .

10. A! is the %isector of BA . of !AB . Prove that AB . B!.

12. AB is a ri'ht trian'le and ri'ht an'led at B such that B A = 2 BA . A! perpendicular to B .

Show that h/potenuse A = 2 B .

13. Prove that if in two trian'les two an'les and the included side of one trian'le are e4ual to two an'les and the included side of the other trian'le- then the two trian'les are con'ruent.

15. ,f the %isector of an an'le of a trian'le also %isects the opposite side- prove that the trian'le is isosceles.

17. S is an/ point in the interior of PQR. Show that SQ : SR < PQ : PR. > Produce QS to intersect PR at T?

1. Salt can %e recovered fro$ its solution %/ evaporation. Su''est so$e other techni4ue for the sa$eB

2. Ahile dilutin' a solution of salt in water- a student %/ $ista@e added acetone (%oilin' point 23C *. Ahat techni4ue can %e e$plo/ed to 'et %ac@ the acetoneB Iustif/ /our choice. +. 1=plain wh/ particles of a colloidal solution do not settle down when left undistur%ed- while in the case of a suspension the/ do. 0. S$o@e and fo' %oth are aerosols. ,n what wa/ are the/ differentB 2. Ja$e the process associated with the followin'

(a* !r/ ice is @ept at roo$ te$perature and at one at$ospheric pressure. (%* A drop of in@ placed on the surface of water contained in a 'lass spreads throu'hout the water. (c* A potassiu$ per$an'anate cr/stal is in a %ea@er and water is poured into the %ea@er with stirrin'. (d* A acetone %ottle is left open and the %ottle %eco$es e$pt/. (e* <il@ is churned to separate crea$ fro$ it. (f* Settlin' of sand when a $i=ture of sand and water is left undistur%ed for so$e ti$e. ('* 6ine %ea$ of li'ht enterin' throu'h a s$all hole in a dar@ roo$- illu$inates the particles in its paths. 3. The teacher instructed three students KAL- KBL and K L respectivel/ to prepare a 2;M ($ass %/ volu$e* solution of sodiu$ h/dro=ide (Ja"N*. KAL dissolved 2;' of Ja"N in 1;; $O of water- KBL dissolved 2;' of Ja"N in 1;;' of

water while K L dissolved 2;' of Ja"N in water to $a@e 1;; $O of solution. Ahich one of the$ has $ade the desired solution and wh/B 5. Ah/ is 'old allo/ed with copper or silver for the purpose of $a@in' orna$entsB 7. Dive so$e e=a$ples of T/ndall effect o%served in /our surroundin'sB 8. alculate the $ass of sodiu$ sulphate re4uired to prepare its 2;M ($ass percent* solution in 1;;' of waterB 1;. Now would /ou separate a $i=ture of a$$onia and h/dro'enB 11. Action of heat on %lue vitriol is a ph/sical as well as che$ical chan'e. Iustif/. 12. Now would /ou separate a $i=ture of JN0 l and ,2B 1+. !escri%e a $ethod for separation of the constituents of 'unpowder. 10. !escri%e how /ou would o%tain the su%stances $entioned %elow- fro$ the 'iven $i=tures. a* ,odine fro$ tincture of iodine. %* Oead chloride fro$ a $i=ture of lead chloride and silver chloride 15. Briefl/ descri%e how to separatei* Sulphur fro$ a $i=ture of sulphur and sand. ii* Blac@ u" fro$ a $i=ture of u" and Pn". 13. 6ill in the %lan@s (a* A colloid is a QQQ $i=ture and its co$ponents can %e separated %/ the techni4ue @nown as QQQ. (%* ,ce- water and water vapour loo@ different and displa/ different QQ properties %ut the/ are QQQ the sa$e. (c* A $i=ture of chlorofor$ and water ta@en in a separatin' funnel is $i=ed and left undistur%ed for so$e ti$e. The upper la/er in the separatin' funnel will %e ofQQQ and the lower la/er will %e that of QQQ. (d* A $i=ture of two or $ore $isci%le li4uids- for which the difference in the %oilin' points is less than 22 R can %e separated %/ the process calledQQQ. (e* Ahen li'ht is passed throu'h water containin' a few drops of $il@- it shows a %luish tin'e. This is due to the QQQ of li'ht %/ $il@ and the pheno$enon is called QQQ . This indicates that $il@ is a QQQ solution.

Answer9 1. r/stalliSation 2. !istillation- since acetone is $ore volatile it will separate out first. 3. Particle siSe in a suspension is lar'er than those in a colloidal solution. Also $olecular interaction in a suspension is not stron' enou'h to @eep the particles suspended and hence the/ settle down. 4. Both fo' and s$o@e have 'as as the dispersion $ediu$. The onl/ difference is that the dispersed phase in fo' is li4uid and in s$o@e it is a solid 2. (a* Su%li$ation (f* Sedi$entation (%* !iffusion ('* Scatterin' of li'ht (T/ndall effect* (c* !issolutionFdiffusion (d* 1vaporation- diffusion (e* entrifu'ation 3. K L has $ade the desired solution <ass %/ volu$e M = <ass of soluteF Eolu$e of solution T1;; = 2;T1;;F1;;= 2; M $ass %/ volu$e 5. Pure 'old is ver/ soft as co$pared to 'old allo/ed with silver or copper. Thus for providin' stren'th to 'old- it is allo/ed 7. T/ndall effect can %e seen when li'ht passes throu'h a hetero'eneous $i=ture. 1=a$ple- when sunli'ht passes throu'h the canop/ of a dense forest. 8. Oet the $ass of sodiu$ sulphate re4uired %e = x ' The $ass of solution would %e = (x +1;;* '

x ' of solute in (x : 1;;* ' of solution 2;M = U=F(V:1;;*W T1;; So - x = 22 ' 1;. Passin' the $i=ture throu'h water can separate the $i=ture of a$$onia and h/dro'en. A$$onia %ein' hi'hl/ solu%le dissolves in water while N2 passes out as 'as. 11. Ahen %lue vitriol is a 'raduall/ heated to a%out 7;; o - it under'oes a ph/sical chan'e to for$ a white powder. "n addin' a drop of water to the white powder- it chan'es %ac@ to %lue. Thus the chan'e is a ph/sical chan'e. "n stron'l/ heatin'- copper sulphate (%lue vitriol* deco$poses to 'ive new su%stances li@e copper o=ide and sulphur dio=ide. "n coolin' these- copper sulphate cannot %e re&o%tained. Thus it is a che$ical chan'e.

12. Neatin' cannot separate the $i=ture- as %oth su%stances su%li$e on heatin'. Nowever- when water is added to the $i=ture- JN0 l dissolves %ut ,2 does not. The $i=ture is filtered. The filtrate is a solution of JN 0 lwhile the residue is iodine. The filtrate is heated to o%tain JN0 l cr/stals. 1+. Dunpowder is a $i=ture of sulphur- charcoal and potassiu$ nitrate (nitre*. Ahen water is added to the $i=ture potassiu$ nitrate dissolves. The $i=ture is then filtered. The filtrate is potassiu$ nitrate solution while the residue is a $i=ture of sulphur and charcoal. The filtrate is evaporated on a sand %ath to o%tain nitre %ac@. Ahen car%on disulphide is added to the residue- sulphur dissolves. Ahen this $i=ture is filtered the filtrate is sulphur solution while the residue is charcoal. Oeavin' it open evaporates the sulphur solution. ar%on disulphide evaporates and sulphur cr/stals are left %ehind. 10. a* ,odine dissolved in alcohol is called tincture of iodine. Alcohol is a volatile li4uid. So the $i=ture can %e @ept open or war$ed in a water %ath. Alcohol will evaporate leavin' %ehind the iodine cr/stals. %* Add hot water to the $i=ture of lead chloride and silver chloride. Oead chloride (P% l 2* is solu%le in hot water and it dissolves. Silver chloride (A' l* is insolu%le in hot water and so the $i=ture should %e filtered i$$ediatel/. The filtrate is the solution of P% l2 and the residue is A' l. The filtrate is heated to o%tain cr/stals of P% l2. 12. i* Add a solvent to the $i=ture of sulphur and sand. Sulphur dissolves in car%on disulphide while sand does not. Ahen filtered- the residue is sand. The filtrate is @ept open- car%on disulphide evaporates and the sulphur cr/stals for$. ii* Add a solvent to the $i=ture of u" and Pn" that dissolves onl/ one co$ponent e.'. sodiu$h/dro=ide. Ahen sodiu$ h/dro=ide is added to the $i=ture- Pn" dissolves. 6ilter to o%tain the residue of u". 13. (a* Netero'eneous- centrifu'ation (%* ph/sical- che$icall/ (c* water- chlorofor$ (hintG densit/ of water is less than that of chlorofor$* (d* fractional distillation (e* scatterin'- T/ndall effect- colloidal

Numerical Forces and Laws of motion

BS1 PNXS, S Q. 1. Now $uch force is needed to accelerate a trolle/ of $ass 2;' throu'h 1 $Fs2. Q. 2. A force of 1;;J acts on a $ass of 22 @' for 2 s .Ahat velocit/ does it 'enerateB

Q. 3. A %ullet leaves a rifle with a velocit/ of 1;;$Fs and the rifle of $ass 2.2 @' recoils with a velocit/ of 1$Fs. 6ind the $ass of the %ulletB Q. 4. A certain force actin' on a $ass of 12@' for +s- 'ives it a velocit/ of 2$Fs. 6ind the $a'nitude of force. Q. 5. A cric@et %all of $ass ;.12 @' is $ovin' with a velocit/ of 1.2$Fs . 6ind the i$pulse on the %all and avera'e force applied %/ the pla/er if he is a%le to stop the %all in ;.17s. Q. 6. A $otor car of $ass 2;;@' is $ovin' with a certain velocit/ . ,t is %rou'ht to rest %/ the application of %ra@es- within a distance o f 2;$ when the avera'e resistance %ein' offered to it is 2;;J.Ahat was the velocit/ of the $otor carB Q. 7. A %od/ of $ass ;.2@' under'oes a chan'e of velocit/ of 0c$Fs in 0s Ahat is the force actin' on itB Q. 8. A force of 7J actin' on an 7@' $ass for 0s provides its so$e velocit/. alculate the velocit/ Q. 9. Ahat would %e the wei'ht of a %od/ of $ass 2;@' on the surface of the $oon- where ' = 1.3$Fs2 what would %e its $assB Q. 10. A %o/ )u$ps a distance of 2$ on the surface of the earth. Ahat distance will he )u$p on the surface of the $oon where ' is 1F3th of the value on the surface of the earthB Q. 11. Two %odies of $ass 1@' and 2 @' $ovin' in the direction opposite to each other with a speed 2$Fs collide. alculate the total $o$entu$ of the s/ste$ %efore collision. Q. 12. A %ullet of $ass 12' leaves the %arrel of a 'un with a velocit/ of 12;$Fs.The 'un recoils with a velocit/ of 1$Fs. 6ind the $ass of the 'un. Q. 13. A force of +J acts on a $ass of ;.2@' at rest for 1;s. 6ind the final velocit/ and the $o$entu$ of the %od/ after 1;s. Q. 14. A force of 7;J actin' on a certain $ass for +s 'ives it a velocit/ of 3$Fs. find the $ass of the %od/ if the %od/ was initiall/ at rest. Forces and Laws of motion teat paper 1. 2. 3. . Why do passengers tend to fall sideways when the bus takes a sharp u turn? Why should a passenger hold on to prevent himself from swaying in a turning bus? Why do passengers tend to fall back when it starts suddenly? Why do passengers !umping out of a rapidly moving bus fall forward with his face downwards" if he does not run forward? #. $. %. Why does a passenger !umping out of a rapidly moving bus fall forward with his face downwards? Why can dust be removed by shaking it" or beating it by a carpet? Why does a bullet when fired against a glass window pane make a hole in it" and theglass pane will smash it? &. Why does an athlete take a longer !ump if he comes running from a distance than when he !umps suddenly from the take'off line?

(.

What happens when you shake a wet piece of cloth? )*plain" why?

1+. Why is it advised to tie a rope on the luggage while you travel by the bus? 11. ,ow does a boat move forward into the water when the boatman presses one end of the pole against the ground? 12. Why is it difficult for a fireman to hose" which e!ects large amount of water at a high velocity? 8th 6orce and laws of $otion Ti$e 1 hr. <.<. +; Answer the followin' 4uestions9 (carr/in' one $ar@s each* 1. !efine %alance and un%alance force. 2. Ahat is the usual na$e of force which canLt produce the $otion %ut onl/ chan'e in shapeB +. Ahat is the total $o$ent of %ullet and 'un %efore firin'B 0. Ah/ are road accidents at hi'h speed ver/ $uch worse than accidents at low speedB 2. A %od/ of $ass 22 @' has a $o$entu$ of 122 @' $Fs. calculate the velocit/ of the %od/. 3. !efine 1J force. 5. write the relationship %Fw force and acceleration. 7. A 'un $an 'ets a )er@ on firin' a %ullet wh/B 8. State the low of conservation of $o$entu$. 1;. 1=plain the case of hose pipe. ( arr/in' two $ar@s each* 1. A %ullet of $ass 1; '$ $ovin' with a velocit/ of 0;; $Fsec 'ets e$%edded in a freel/ suspended wooden %loc@ of $ass 8;; '$. alculate the velocit/ of wooden %loc@ac4uired. 2. ,f action is alwa/s e4ual to reaction- e=plain wh/ a cart pulled %/ a horse can %e $oved. +. A truc@ started fro$ rest and rolls down a hill with constant acceleration it travel a distance of 0;; $ in 2; sec. find its acceleration and force actin' on it if the $ass of the truc@ is 1 $etric tones. 0. 1=plain the JewtonLs second law of $otion. 2. Ah/ we use seat %elts in carB (carr/in' five $ar@s each* 1. A $an throws a %all wei'hin' 2;; '$ verticall/ upwards with the speed of 1; $Fsec find9 (a* Ahat will %e its initial $o$entu$B (%*Ahat would its $o$entu$ at the hi'hest pointB 2. The velocit/ of a %od/ of $ass 1; @' increases for$ 0 $Fsec to 7 $Fsec Ahen a force act on it for 2 sec. find (a* Ahat is the $o$entu$ %efore the force actB (%*Ahat is the $o$entu$ after the force actB (c* Ahat is the $o$entu$ 'ain in $o$entu$ per sec. (d*Ahat is the value of forceB

1. A %o/ is wearin' a shirt of $ass 12; '. Now $uch force is he e=ertin' on the dressB !o not
for'et to state the direction. 2. Xour ph/sics %oo@ has a $ass of 0;; '. ,t is @ept on a horiSontal ta%le. Ta@in' ' = 1; $Fs 2- find the force (%oth $a'nitude and direction* e=erted %/

(a* the ta%le on the ph/sics %oo@ (%* the ph/sics %oo@ on the ta%le (c* the earth on the ph/sics %oo@ (d* the ph/sics %oo@ on the earth. +. Now $uch force is needed to produce an acceleration of 13 c$Fs2 in a %od/ of $ass 22; 'B 0. A force of 1; J acts on a particle of $ass ;.0 @'. 6ind the acceleration of the particle. 2. A %od/ of $ass 1 @' is @ept at rest. A constant force of 3.; J starts actin' on it. 6ind the ti$e ta@en %/ the %od/ to $ove throu'h a distance of 12 $.

3. The velocit/ of a particle of $ass 12; ' chan'es fro$ 7 $Fs to 12 $Fs in two seconds. Assu$in' that a constant force acts on it- find the $a'nitude of the force. 5. A force of 0.; J acts on a %od/ of $ass 2.; @' for 0.; s. Assu$in' the %od/ to %e initiall/ at restfind (a* its velocit/ when the force stops actin'(%* the distance covered in 1; s after the force starts actin'. 7. A coin of $ass 2; ' is pushed on a ta%le. The coin starts $ovin' at a speed of 22 c$Fs and stops in 2 seconds. 6ind the force of friction e=erted %/ the ta%le on the coin. 8. Ahen a %od/ is dropped fro$ a hei'ht- it falls with an acceleration of 1; $Fs2. ,f its $ass is 22; '- how $uch force is e=erted on it downwardsB Aho e=erts this force on the %od/B 1;. A feather of $ass 2; ' is dropped fro$ a hei'ht. ,t is found to fall down with a constant velocit/. Ahat is the net force actin' on itB 11. Ahen a horiSontal force P acts on a cart of $ass 2; @'- it $oves with a unifor$ velocit/ on a horiSontal floor. Ahen a force of 1.2 P acts on the cart- it $oves with an acceleration of ;.;2 $Fs2. 6ind the value of P. 12. 6i'ure +.12 shows the velocit/&ti$e 'raph for a particle $ovin' in a fi=ed direction- (a* 6ind the acceleration of the particle- (%* ,f the $ass of the particle is 2;; '- what is the force actin' on itB

1+. A force produces an acceleration of 1.2 $Fs2 in a dis@. Three such dis@s are tied to'ether and the sa$e force is applied on the co$%ination. Ahat will %e the accelerationB 10. A constant force of 12 J acts on a %od/ for 0 s. 6ind the chan'e in the linear $o$entu$ of the

%od/. 12. Two particles A and B of $ass 1; ' and 2; ' respectivel/ fall verticall/. At a 'iven ti$e- the speed of particle A is 12 $Fs and that of B is 12 $Fs. 6ind the total linear $o$entu$ of the s/ste$ of the two particles. 13. Two %odies A and B of $ass 12; ' and 22; ' respectivel/ are approachin' each other. Both particles have a speed of + $Fs. 6ind the $a'nitude of the total linear $o$entu$ of the s/ste$ of the two particles. 15. A %o/ wei'hin' +; @' is ridin' a %ic/cle wei'hin' 2; @'. ,f the %ic/cle is $ovin' at a speed of 8 @$Fh towards the west- find the linear $o$entu$ of the %ic/cle&%o/ s/ste$ in S, units. 17. A %loc@ of $ass 12; ' $oves with a speed of 3.; $Fs on a frictionless horiSontal surface towards another %loc@ of $ass 17; ' @ept at rest. The/ collide and the first %loc@ stops. 6ind the speed of the other %loc@ after the collision. 18. A %all of $ass 1;; ' and another %all of 12; ' $oves towards each other with speeds 3 $Fs and 2 $Fs respectivel/. ,f the/ stic@ to each other after collidin'- Ahat would %e the velocit/ of the co$%ined $ass after the collisionB 2;. A cart of $ass 2; @' is $ovin' on a strai'ht trac@ with a speed of 12 $Fs. A $ass of 1; @' is 'entl/ put into the cart. Ahat will %e the velocit/ of the cart after thisB 21. A force of 12 J is unifor$l/ distri%uted over an area of 12; c$ 2. 6ind the pressure in pascals. 22. Now $uch force should %e applied on an area of Y 1 c$ 2 to 'et a pressure of 12 PaB 2+. A %loc@ wei'hin' 1.; @' is in the shape of a cu%e of len'th 1; c$. ,t is @ept on a horiSontal ta%le. 6ind the pressure on the portion of the ta%le where the %loc@ is @ept. 20. A %od/ of volu$e 2; c$+ is co$pletel/ i$$ersed in water. 6ind the force of %uo/anc/ on it. 22. A $etallic sphere of radius 2.;; c$ is co$pletel/ i$$ersed in water. 6ind the force of %uo/anc/ on it. 23. A %od/ of $ass 2.; @' and densit/ 7-;;; @'F$+ is co$pletel/ i$$ersed in a li4uid of densit/ 7;; @'F$+. 6ind the force of %uo/anc/ on it. 25. A %od/ of $ass 2.; @' floats in a li4uid. Ahat is the %uo/ant force on the %od/B

Answers

1.1.05 J upwards 2. (a* 0 J upwards (%* 0 J downwards (c* 0 J downwards (d* 0 J upwards +.;.;0 J 0.22 $Fs2 2.2 s 3.;-+; J 5. (a* 7 $Fs (%* 30 $

7. ;.;;1 J 8.2.2 J- earth 1;. Sero 11.2 J 12. (a* 0 $Fs2 (%* ;.7 J 1+.;.2 $Fs2 10.07 @' $Fs 12.;.02 @' $Fs downwards 13.;.+; @' $Fs 15. 2;; @' $Fs 17.0 $Fs 18.; 2;.1; $Fs 21.1-;;; Pa 22.1.2 = 1;Z+ J 2+.87; Pa 20.;.08 J 22.;.+27 J 23.1.83 J 25.18.3 J !"# $%&"' " lass '( )""'*N+#N, Forces and Laws of motion-

1. Ahat do /ou $ean %/ a forceB 2. Dive an e=a$ple of a %alanced forceB +. an force chan'e the shape of an o%)ectB Dive an e=a$ple to prove /our pointB

0. !o action and reaction force react in the sa$e directionB 2. Ah/ a $ovin' ship does ta@es lon'er ti$e as co$pared to a car when e4ual %rea@s are appliedB 3. Ah/ are passen'ers throu'h in forward direction when a runnin' %us stops suddenl/B 5. Ah/ do passen'ers tend to fall sidewa/s when the %us ta@es a sharp u turnB 7. Ah/ should a passen'er hold on to prevent hi$self fro$ swa/in' in a turnin' %usB 8. Ah/ do passen'ers tend to fall %ac@ when it starts suddenl/B 1;. Ah/ do passen'ers )u$pin' out of a rapidl/ $ovin' %us fall forward with his face downwardsif he does not run forwardB 11. Ah/ does a passen'er )u$pin' out of a rapidl/ $ovin' %us fall forward with his face downwardsB 12. Ah/ can dust %e re$oved %/ sha@in' it- or %eatin' it %/ a carpetB 1+. Ah/ does a %ullet when fired a'ainst a 'lass window pane $a@e a hole in it- and the'lass pane will s$ash itB 10. Ah/ does an athlete ta@e a lon'er )u$p if he co$es runnin' fro$ a distance than when he )u$ps suddenl/ fro$ the ta@e&off lineB 12. Ahat happens when /ou sha@e a wet piece of clothB 1=plain- wh/B 13. Ah/ is it advised to tie a rope on the lu''a'e while /ou travel %/ the %usB

15. Now does a %oat $ove forward into the water when the %oat$an presses one end of the pole a'ainst the 'roundB 17. Ah/ is it difficult for a fire$an to hose- which e)ects lar'e a$ount of water at a hi'h velocit/B 18. Now $uch force is needed to accelerate a trolle/ of $ass 2;' throu'h 1 $Fs2B 2;. A force of 1;;J acts on a $ass of 22 @' for 2 s .Ahat velocit/ does it 'enerateB 21. A %ullet leaves a rifle with a velocit/ of 1;;$Fs and the rifle of $ass 2.2 @' recoils with a velocit/ of 1$Fs. 6ind the $ass of the %ulletB 22. A certain force actin' on a $ass of 12@' for +s- 'ives it a velocit/ of 2$Fs. 6ind the $a'nitude of forceB 2+. A cric@et %all of $ass ;.12 @' is $ovin' with a velocit/ of 1.2$Fs . 6ind the i$pulse on the %all and avera'e force applied %/ the pla/er if he is a%le to stop the %all in ;.17sB 20. A $otor car of $ass 2;;@' is $ovin' with a certain velocit/ . ,t is %rou'ht to rest %/ theapplication of %ra@es- within a distance o f 2;$ when the avera'e resistance %ein' offered to it is 2;;J.Ahat was the velocit/ of the $otor carB 22. A %od/ of $ass ;.2@' under'oes a chan'e of velocit/ of 0c$Fs in 0s Ahat is the force actin' on itB 23. A force of 7J actin' on an 7@' $ass for 0s provides its so$e velocit/. alculate the velocit/B

25. Ahat would %e the wei'ht of a %od/ of $ass 2;@' on the surface of the $oon- where ' = 1.3$Fs2 what would %e its $assB 27. . A %o/ )u$ps a distance of 2$ on the surface of the earth. Ahat distance will he )u$p on the surface of the $oon where ' is 1F3th of the value on the surface of the earthB 28. Two %odies of $ass 1@' and 2 @' $ovin' in the direction opposite to each other with a speed 2$Fs collide. alculate the total $o$entu$ of the s/ste$ %efore collisionB +;. A %ullet of $ass 12' leaves the %arrel of a 'un with a velocit/ of 12;$Fs.The 'un recoils with a velocit/ of 1$Fs. 6ind the $ass of the 'unB +1. A force of +J acts on a $ass of ;.2@' at rest for 1;s. 6ind the final velocit/ and the $o$entu$ of the %od/ after 1;sB +2. A force of 7;J actin' on a certain $ass for +s 'ives it a velocit/ of 3$Fs. find the $ass of the %od/ if the %od/ was initiall/ at restB ++. A to/ of $ass ;.1@' ac4uires a speed of 2 $Fs when pushed forward. Ahat is the i$pulse 'iven to the to/B +0. A pro)ectile wei'hin' 2;;@' is fired fro$ a 'un with a velocit/ of 2;;$Fs. ,f the velocit/ of recoil of the 'un is 12.2$Fs calculate the $ass of the 'unB +2. A car of $ass 22;;@' accelerates at the rate of 0$Fs2 and then at the rate of 13 $Fs2. alculate t3he ratio of the forces e=erted %/ the en'ine in the two casesB

A driver accelerates his car first at the rate of 1.7$Fs2 and then at the rate of 1.2$Fs2calculate the ration of the forces e=erted %/ the en'inesB +3. A %od/ of $ass 2 @' under'oes a chan'e in speed fro$ +; to 0;$Fs . calculate its increase in $o$entu$B +5. A %od/ of $ass 1;;' is $ovin' with a velocit/ of 12$Fs 6ind the $o$entu$ associated with the %allB +7. %od/ of $ass 2 @' is $ovin' with a unifor$ velocit/ of 1;$Fs ,t is acted upon %/ a force of 2;J Ahat will %e its velocit/ after 1sB

+8. ,n order to 'ain a velocit/ of 12$Fs how lon' should a force of +;J %e e=erted on a %od/ of $ass 2@'B 0;. The velocit/ of a %od/ of $ass 2@' reduces fro$ 1; $Fs to 2 $Fs. Ahat is the chan'e in $o$entu$ of the %od/B 01. A 2 @' rifle fires a 1;' %ullet at a velocit/ of 2;;$Fs find the recoil velocit/ of the rifleB 02. A %loc@ of $ass +@' has a velocit/ of u$Fs. Ahen a force of 17J acts on the %loc@- it reduces the velocit/ fro$ [ to [F2 after the %loc@ has covered a distance of 8 $. 6ind [B

0+.
(a* ,n a che$ical reaction- the su$ of the $asses of the reactants and products re$ains unchan'ed. This is called QQQQ. (%* A 'roup of ato$s carr/in' a fi=ed char'e on the$ is called QQQQ. (c* The for$ula unit $ass of a+ (P"0*2 is &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& (d* 6or$ula of sodiu$ car%onate is QQQQ and that of a$$oniu$ sulphate is QQQQ. 2. o$pute the difference in $asses of 1;+ $oles each of $a'nesiu$ ato$s and $a'nesiu$ ions. G+1 (<ass of an electron = 8.1T1; @'* +. Ahich has $ore nu$%er of ato$sB 1;;' of J2 or 1;; ' of JN+ 0. o$pute the nu$%er of ions present in 2.72 ' of sodiu$ chloride. 2. A 'old sa$ple contains 8;M of 'old and the rest copper. Now $an/ ato$s of 'old are present in one 'ra$ of this sa$ple of 'oldB 3. Ahat are ionic and $olecular co$poundsB Dive e=a$ples. 5. o$pute the difference in $asses of one $ole each of alu$iniu$ ato$s and one $ole of its G27 * ions. (<ass of an electron is 8.1T1; 00. '*. Ahich one is heavierB 7. A silver orna$ent of $ass K$L 'ra$ is polished with 'old e4uivalent to 1M of the $ass of silver. o$pute the ratio of the nu$%er of ato$s of 'old and silver in the orna$ent. 8. A sa$ple of ethane ( 2N3* 'as has the sa$e $ass as 1.2 T1;2;

02.
1;. Ahat is the fraction of the $ass of water due to neutronsB 11. !oes the solu%ilit/ of a su%stance chan'e with te$peratureB 1=plain with the help of an e=a$ple. 12. alculate the nu$%er of $oles of $a'nesiu$ present in a $a'nesiu$ ri%%on wei'hin' 12 '. <olar ato$ic $ass of $a'nesiu$ is 20' $ol
&1

03. 1+. Eerif/ %/ calculatin' that

(a* 2 $oles of "2 and 2 $oles of N2" do not have the sa$e $ass.

(%* 20; ' of calciu$ and 20; ' $a'nesiu$ ele$ents have a $ole ratio of +92. 10. A sa$ple of vita$ic is @nown to contain 2.27 T 1;
20

o=/'en ato$s. Now $an/ $oles of

o=/'en ato$s are present in the sa$pleB

47. 12. The visi%le universe is esti$ated to contain 1;22 stars. Now $an/ $oles of stars are present
in the visi%le universeB 13. o$pare the properties of electrons- protons and neutrons. 15. Ahat are the li$itations of I.I. Tho$sonLs $odel of the ato$B 17. Ahat are the li$itations of RutherfordLs $odel of ato$B 18. !escri%e BohrLs $odel of ato$. 2;. o$pare all the proposed $odels of an ato$ 'iven in this chapter. 21.Su$$ariSe the rules for writin' of distri%ution of electrons in various shells for the first ei'hteen ele$ents. 22. !efine valenc/ %/ ta@in' e=a$ples of silicon and o=/'en 2+. 1=plain with e=a$ples (i* Ato$ic nu$%er- (ii* <ass nu$%er- (iii* ,sotopes and (iv* ,so%ars. Dive an/ two uses of isotopes. 20. Ja: has co$pletel/ filled R and O shells. 1=plain. 22. ,f %ro$ine ato$ is availa%le in the for$ of- sa/- two isotopes 7935Br

(49.7%) and 8135Br

(50.3%), calculate the avera'e ato$ic $ass of %ro$ine ato$.

07. ection A* 1; = 1 = 1; 08. 1. The ato$ic radius of h/dro'en ato$ is 2;. a. ;.;+5 n$ %. ;.;+5 = 1; &8 $ c. %oth a \% d. none 21. 2. o$plete the followin' sentence 9 ,n water- the proportion of h/dro'en and o=/'en is &&&&&&&&&& %/ $ass 22. a. 197 %. +90 c. 89; d. none +. The actual $ass of h/dro'en ato$ a. 1.35+ = 1; &20 ' %. 1.35+ = 1; c.1u d. %oth a \ % 0. The s/$%ol of co%alt a. .o. %. " c. o. d. none 2. Ato$icit/ of no%le 'ases is one a. True %. false c. canLt sa/ d none 3. The $olecular $ass of sulfuric acid a. 27 u %. 1;7 u c. 87u d. none 5. Ahat are the nu$%er of electron and proton in chlorine ion a. 15p \ 17 e %. 17 p \ 15 e c. 15 e \ ; e d. none 7. The value of s/$%ol KOL a. 3.;22 = 1; 2+ %. 3.;22 = 1; &2+ c. ;.322 = 1; 2+ d. none 8. Ahat is the $ass of of ;.2 $oles of o=/'en ato$sB a. 2.+ ' %. +.2 ' c. .+2 ' d. none 1;. Arite the ato$icit/ of (Section B* 1; V 1 = 1; 1.what is $eant %/ sa/in' ]the ato$ic $ass of o=/'en is 13B 2+. 2. Ahat is the si'nificance of for$ula N2"B +. alculate the for$ula $ass of calciu$ chloride and sodiu$ car%onate 0. An ele$ent P for$s an o=ide P"+. Ahat is the valenc/ of PB 2. Arite the Oatin na$es of sodiu$- iron- $ercur/ and tin. 3. !efine 1 u. 5. !efine electro ne'ativit/ of an/ ato$. 7. Ja$e the ele$ent represent %/ the followin' s/$%ols N'- P%- Au- A' and Sn "2 'as a. 2 %. + c. ; d. none

8. Arite down the ato$icit/ of car%on dio=ide- o=/'en- oSone- solid sulphur. 1;. Arite down the ato$icit/ of car%on dio=ide- o=/'en- oSone- solid sulphur. (Section * 2 = 2 = 1; 1. Arite down the ato$icit/ of car%on dio=ide- o=/'en- oSone- solid sulphur. 2. Dive $a)or draw G%ac@s of !altonLs ato$ic theor/ of $atter. +. Aor@ out the for$ula of $a'nesiu$ chloride. 0. The $ass of a sin'le ato$ of an ele$ent V is 2.32 = 1; &2+'. Ahat is its ato$ic $assB Ahat could this ele$ent. 2. alculate the $olar $ass of the followin' 1th/ne and nitric acid (Section !* 2 = 2.2 = 2 3. State the law of conservation of $ass. Dive one e=a$ple also. 5. ,n an e=peri$ent- 1.277 ' of copper o=ide was o%tained fro$ 1.;+ ' of copper. ,n another e=peri$ent +.352 ' of copper o=ide o%tain fro$ the 2.8+7 ' of copper. Show that these fi'ures verif/ the law of constant proportion. 20. 2. Eerif/ %/ calculatin' that 22. (a* 2 $oles of "2 and 2 $oles of N2" do not have the sa$e $ass. 23. (%* 20; ' of calciu$ and 20; ' $a'nesiu$ ele$ents have a $ole ratio of +92. 25. 3. 6ind the ratio %/ $ass of the co$%inin' ele$ents in the followin' co$pounds. 27. (a* a "+ (%* <' l2 (c* N2S"0 (d* 2N2"N (e* JN+ (f* a("N*2 28. 4. alciu$ chloride when dissolved in water dissociates into its ions accordin' to the followin' e4uation. 3;. 31. a l2 (a4* ^ a2: (a4* : 2 lG (a4* alculate the nu$%er of ions o%tained fro$ a l2 when 222 ' of it is dissolved in water.

32. 5. The difference in the $ass of 1;; $oles each of sodiu$ ato$s and sodiu$ ions is 2.07;;2 '. o$pute the $ass of an electron. 3+. 6. inna%ar (N'S* is a pro$inent ore of $ercur/. Now $an/ 'ra$s of $ercur/ are present in 222 ' of pure N'SB <olar $ass of N' and S are 2;;.3 ' F$ol and +2 'F $ol respectivel/. 30. 7. The $ass of one steel screw is 0.11'. 6ind the $ass of one $ole of these steel screws. o$pare this value with the $ass of the 1arth (2.87 T 1;20@'*. Ahich one of the two is heavier and %/ how $an/ ti$esB 32. 8. A sa$ple of vita$in is @nown to contain 2.27 T1;20 o=/'en ato$s. Now $an/ $oles of

o=/'en ato$s are present in the sa$pleB 33. 8. o$pute the difference in $asses of 1;+ $oles each of $a'nesiu$ ato$s and $a'nesiu$ ions. (<ass of an electron = 8.1T1;G+1 @'* 35. 1;. o$pute the nu$%er of ions present in 2.72 ' of sodiu$ chloride. 37. 11. A 'old sa$ple contains 8;M of 'old and the rest copper. Now $an/ ato$s of 'old are present in one 'ra$ of this sa$ple of 'oldB 38. 12. o$pute the difference in $asses of one $ole each of alu$iniu$ ato$s and one $ole of its ions. (<ass of an electron is 8.1T1;G27 '*. Ahich one is heavierB 5;. 13. A silver orna$ent of $ass K$L 'ra$ is polished with 'old e4uivalent to 1M of the $ass of silver. o$pute the ratio of the nu$%er of ato$s of 'old and silver in the orna$ent. 51. 14. A sa$ple of ethane ( 2N3* 'as has the sa$e $ass as 1.2 T1; 2; $olecules of $ethane ( N0*. Now $an/ 2N3 $olecules does the sa$ple of 'as containB 52. 15. 6ill in the %lan@s 5+. (a* ,n a che$ical reaction- the su$ of the $asses of the reactants and products re$ains unchan'ed. This is called QQQQ. 50. (%* A 'roup of ato$s carr/in' a fi=ed char'e on the$ is called QQQQ.

52. (c* The for$ula unit $ass of a+ (P"0*2 is QQQQ. 53. (d* 6or$ula of sodiu$ car%onate is QQQQ and that of a$$oniu$ sulphate is QQQQ.

. Who gave law of conservat on of !ass " #. What ter! s $sed to re%resent the !ass of 1 !ole !olec$les of a s$&stance" 3. What na!e s g ven to the n$!&er '.0#3 ( 10#3 " 4. What s !olec$lar !ass" 5. ) ve *at n na!es for sod $! + !erc$r,. '. -.ow !an, ato!s are there n e(actl, 1# g of car&on " 7. /ef ne !ole. 8. 0alc$late for!$la $n t !ass of 0a0l#. 1 2t. 3ass 4 0a 5 40 $ , 0l 5 35.5 $ 6 9. 7a!e a d ato! c gas. 10. .ow !an, ato!s are %resent n .#894. # 3ar:s ;$est ons4 1. ) ve the che! cal s,!&ols for the follow ng ele!ents4 )old, 0o%%er , <otass $! + =ron. #. What do the follow ng s,!&ols re%resent > ) 1 . + ) .# 3. 7eon gas cons sts f s ngle ato!s , what !ass of neon conta n '.0## ( 10#3ato!s. 4. What ele!ents do the follow ng co!%o$nds conta n " ) Water ) *ead n trate 5. 8tate the d fferences &etween an ato! or a !olec$le. '. 3olar 3ass of water s 18 g !ol>1 , what s the !ass of 1 !ole of water" . 7. ?he n$!&er of ato!s n 1 !ole of h,drogen s tw ce the n$!&er of ato!s n one !ole of hel $!. Wh," 8. Wr te the che! cal for!$las for the follow ng4 ) 8 lver o( de ) =ron (===) s$l%hate 9. 0alc$late !olar !ass of .#9# + .793. 10. What s the !ass of 0.# !oles of o(,gen !olec$les" 3 3ar:s ;$est ons4 1. 8tate the !a n %ost$lates of @ohn /altonAs ato! c theor,. #. What are %ol,ato! c ons " ) ve two e(a!%les. 3. 8tate the follow ng ) *aw of conservat on of !ass. ) *aw of constant %ro%ort on 4. What s the !ass of 4 ) 1 !ol of 7 ato!s. ) 4 !ol of 2l ato!s. 5. What s !eant &, the ter! ato! c t, " 8tate the ato! c t, of ) <hos%horo$s ) 8$l%h$r 5 3ar:s ;$est ons4 1. ) What s !olec$lar for!$la " 8tate w th e(a!%le what nfor!at on can &e der ved fro! a !olec$lar for!$la . ) Wr te the na!es of the co!%o$nds re%resented &, the follow ng for!$las4 a) 3g(793)# &) B#894 c )0a37# #. ) What s gra! !olec$lar !ass" ) Wr te the for!$las + na!es of the co!%o$nds for!ed &etween4 a) Cerro$s and s$l%h de ons &) 2l$! n $! and s$l%hate ons c) <otass $! and chlorate ons d) Bar $! and chlor de ons

3. ) 0alc$late the n$!&er of !oles for the follow ng4 a) 5# g of .e &) 17 g of .#9 ) .ow !an, !olec$les are %resent n 34 g of a!!on a " ) 0alc$late the !ass of 0.5 !ole of s$gar (01#.##911).
2.