Introduction

The state of Assam is the land of blue hills and mighty river Brahmaputra. She is endowed with very rich flora and fauna stock. Out of 3790 sq.kms of Tinsukia district proximately 854 sq.kms is covered by forests. Tropical wet evergreen forests ethnic groups loving in and around the forest uses the forest resources like timer, herbs shrubs climbers grasses etc in every walks of their life. The increasing demand for forest wealth love threaded the diversity forest resources and thus there is need for conservation of the different plant species in their natural habitual. Butterflies are on of the many species natural habitat that are found in Tinsukia district. Butterflies are very one of the most beautiful species of living organisms that exists on earth, but besides being an beauty butterfly also have much more importance in the environment. It is a very good pollution indicator it helps in pollination of many plants and also it has a lot of importance in the food web. So this study was undertaken to understand this natural beauty. A butterfly is a mainly day-flying insect of the order Lepidoptera, the butterflies and moths. Like other holometabolous insects, the butterfly's life cycle consists of four parts, egg, larva, pupa and adult. Most species are diurnal. Butterflies have large, often brightly coloured wings, and conspicuous, fluttering flight. Butterflies comprise the true butterflies (super family
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Papilionoidea), the skippers (superfamily Hesperioidea) and the moth-butterflies (superfamily Hedyloidea). All the many other families within the Lepidoptera are referred to as moths. Butterflies exhibit polymorphism, mimicry and aposematism. Some, like the Monarch, will migrate over long distances. Some butterflies have evolved symbiotic and parasitic relationships with social insects such as ants. Some species are pests because in their larval stages they can damage domestic crops or trees; however, some species are agents of pollination of some plants, and caterpillars of a few butterflies (e.g., Harvesters) eat harmful insects. Culturally, butterflies are a popular motif in the visual and literary arts. Thus we can say that this project is tailored to gather information, understand nature and to create awareness towards conservation and propagation of the threatened/endangered floral and faunal species of the region.

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Site Selection
For our study on the project we selected the following sites so that we get an allround impression of the subject of our study ie. Butterflies. 1. Lakhipathar Reserve Forest Ranger Digboi forest Division. 2. Bogapani Arboretum Digboi. 3. Nazirating Nursery plant for the study of field work of environmental project. We have selected these areas keeping in mind the availability of scope for the study on the topic entitled for us by the department of our college Digboi College, Digboi. So, as for our selection of site is concerned it has been suitable for our project work.

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Aim of the Study

This study has been conducted keep in mind same species objectives. They are being pointed below:1. To study and understand the Butterflies found in the selected sites of study, their habits, and factors contributing to their decrease. 2. To bring consciousness and awareness among the local people for protection and conservation of indigenous species. 3. To encourage and impart training to local people by organizing awareness and motivated programs workshops etc. 4. To facilitate raising plantation of indigenous species and also multiplication of threatened or endangered species. 5. To bring awareness among the students Colleges, University, NGO and Public bodies for the protection of tree and forests. 6. To Identity, Conserve, Propagate rare and endangered species of flora and fauna.

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Methodology
In The Survey conducted for the completion of this project some special methods and material have been used. They are being discussed in following heads:A) MATERIALS:1. 2. 3. 4. Salt Cotton Notebook to note down main points Data Sheet containing a. Common Name. b. Activity. c. Family. d. Total no e. Score f. Remarks 2 numbers pen Water bottle Digital camera Medicines. a. Band-Aid. b. Vomiting Controlling tablets.

5. 6. 7. 8.

B)

METHODS:-

The following methods were adopted during the study for collecting data, so that more information can be collected. 1. Firstly we selected a site for our study consulting our EVS teacher.
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2. We planed our trip to the selected sites. 3. We divided ourselves into groups for a extensive data collection. 4. We then visited the selected site and carried out our survey for about over an hour. 5. During the survey we observed and recorded the data on the butterflies of the area under study and recorded the various butterflies found in that area. 6. Besides butterflies we also observed other subjects such as medicinal plants, timber yielding trees, fruit bearing plants, orchids of the area (the data is recorded and included in the report). 7. The collected data were then analyzed and conclusions were drawn.

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Findings
We were divided into five groups consisting of 36 students, Each group was given different topics of survey as: Butterfly, Timber, Medicinal Plants, Orchid, Fruit bearing plants. As my topic of study is Butterfly from the survey at the forests of Lakhipathar, we have been able to collect some information about the different species of butterfly. While working on the project we visited the above mentioned study sites, observed and collected data. The following are the various observations during the course of study: Characteristics of Butterflies: Butterfly is a insect of the order Lepidoptera, the butterflies and moths. Like other holometabolous insects, the butterfly's life cycle consists of four parts, egg, larva, pupa and adult. Most species are diurnal. Butterflies and moths are insects and like all insects their bodies are made of three fundamental sections; the head, thorax and abdomen. On the head are two large compound eyes, two antennae and a long curled proboscis. Butterflies have large, often brightly coloured wings, and conspicuous, fluttering flight. Butterflies exhibit polymorphism, mimicry and aposematism.
Other main Characteristics:

a. b. c. d.

Pollinator of Fruit. Indicator of Pollution. A good bigamist. Food Chain : Lizard -> Bird/Monkey/Anteater other predatory insects. e. Butterflies have beautiful colours. f. Life cycle is very short.
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g. Larva is like caterpillar. h. Eggs - Larva Pupa (10-15 days) Adult (Butterfly) (10-60 days) During the survey we were able to find 18 different kinds of butterflies. The following table present the data collected during the study: Table 01: Butterflies.
Sl No. Common Name 1 Grass Yellow 2 Gray Pansy 3 Common Perriot 4 Chocolate Albatross 5 Common Grass Yellow 6 Glassy Tiger 7 Common Castor 8 Common Bush Brown 9 Punchinello 10 Common Gem 11 Purple Sapphire 12 Oak Blue 13 Autumn Leaf 14 Striped Albatross 15 Peacock Pansy Family Name Pieridae Nymphelidea Lycaenidae Pieridae Pieridae Nymphelidea Nymphelidea Nymphelidea Rhiomidiae Lycaenidae Lycaenidae Lycaenidae Nymphelidea Pieridae Nymphelidea Activity Search Fly Basking Basking Search Fly Nectaring Search Fly Search Fly Resting Basking Resting Basking Search Fly Search Fly Basking Basking Total No. 4 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Apart from collecting data on Butterflies, we observed and collected data on Medicinal plants, Timber yielding trees, Fruit bearing plants, Orchids, Bogapani Arboretum. Table 02: Medicinal Plants.
Sl no. Common name 1 2 3 4 5 Amla Bhomora Silikha Narasingha Arjun Botanical name Emblica Officinalis Terminalia Bellirica Terminalia Chebula Murrya Kaenigil Terminalia Arjuna Used for/as Hair vitaliser, skin vitaliser Seeds (fruit) blood purification. Seeds (fruit) Seeds (fruit) Leaf Bark Curing heart disease. Part used

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Sl no. Common name 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 Tubuki lota Sagunilata Chalmugora Sika moralia Olot kambal Rudrakshya Tezmui Touch me not Makhiyoti Bandor Kekuwa Bor manimuni Horu manimuni Bon jaluk Bhebali lota

Botanical name Cissampelas Pareira Tinospora Cordifolia Hydnocarpus Kurzii Stellarea Media Abroma Augusta

Part used Leaf & root Stem Bark Leaf Leaf

Used for/as Controlling fever & urinal stone. Bone pain killer. Cures skin disease & leprosy. Cures skin disease.

Health vitamin. Initiates mind concentration, Elaecarpus Sphaericus Seed improves poor health. Cures toothache controls Zanthoxylum Nitidum Stem & root fertility. Mimosa Pudica Root Cures toothache tonsillitis. Hlemingia Strabilifera Mukuna Pruriens Centella Asiatica Hydrocotyle Sibthorpioids Hedyotis Diffusa Paeseria Foetida Leaf Cures skin disease. Seeds Increase of sex. Whole plant Cures abdominal pain controls body indigestion. Whole plant Cures abdominal pain controls body indigestion. Whole plant Cures abdominal pain controls body indigestion. Cures abdominal pain controls Leaf indigestion. Leaf Leaf Leaf Fruit/seeds Bark Antiseptic. Hair vitaliser. Hair vitaliser. Cures diseases caused by worm Cures diseases caused by worm Controls heart disease

Gondhowa Ageratum Conyzoides bon/gendheli bon Mahabhringaraj Spilanthus Puniculata Bhringaraj Bon pitha Chotiyona Sarpagandha Nefafu Bhekuri tita Bhat Ghila Neelkantha Boga bahak Tita phul Mochondoi Patihonda Wedellia Chinenses Chrysophyllum Lanceolatum Alstonia Seholaris

Rauwolfia Serpentina Root Clerodendrum Leaf Controls high blood pressure Coleabrookiamum Salanum Khasianum Seeds/fruits Cures disease caused by worm Oroxylum Indium Eclobum Linneanum Adhatoda Phlogocanthus Thrysiformis Houttuymina Cordata Actinodaphni Angustifolia Bark Roof & leaf Leaf Leaf Leaf Bark Curing cough Curing cough, controls wormal disease. Cures indigestion Controls diabetes and gastric Cures cancer

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Sl no. Common name 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 53 54 Mejankori Deeghloti Zomlakhuti Chorat Tara Keturi halodhi Satmul Boch Chengmora Koliya kochu Kuji thekera Doodhkhari Huhoni bon Owtenga Madhoi maloti Bor phutukola Bihlongoni Mahudi lata Kordoi Bon tulkhi

Botanical name Litsea Cubeba Litsea Salicifolia Costus Speciosus Laportea Crenulata Alpinia Nigra Cureuma Aromatica Asparagus Recemosus Acorus Calamus Lasia Spinosa Colocasia Esculents Garcinia kydia Hollarhena Antidysentrica -

Part used Bark & Leaf Leaf Rhizome Leaf Rizome Rizome Rizome Rizome Rizome Rizome Seeds/fruits Bark

Used for/as Body painkiller Cures Skin disease Cures Jaundice Cures Skin disease Worm Control Body painkiller, cures skin disease. Health vitamin. Body painkiller, cures skin disease. Cures phistalla, wormal disease. Anticeptic, blood purifier. Cures dysentery. Cures dysentery.

Inflorescence Cures tonsillitis, mouth ulcer. Fruit sap Root Stem Leaf Root Fruit Leaf Anti dandruff Cures pneumonia. Cures mouth ulcer Pain killer Cures pneumonia Cures jaundice Cures cold & cough

Table 03: Timber yielding plants.

Sl no. Common name 1 2 3 4 5 Hollong Hollock Khokan Pan sopa Dhuna Economic Importance. Used as timber in Dipterocarpos Dipterocarpacue construction for making boat cart bridge etc. Terminalla Use in making plywood & Conbritanceae Myriocarpa tea boxes. Use in making furniture & Duabanga Grandiflora Lythraceae in construction of beams etc. Use in making high quality Michalla Montana Magnoliaceae furniture. Use as fuel resin extracted Canarium Bengalense Burseraceae is use in creating smoke. Page: 10 Botanical name Family

Sl no. Common name 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Jutuli Makai Karauj Gamari Red cader Siris Kadam Shisham Teak Sat

Economic Importance. Wood commonly use as Altingia Bengalense Hamamelidacear timber fuel. Use as timber for fuel in Shorea Assanica Dipterocarpaceae construction of beams poles bridges cart boat etc. Use as timber for Pongamia Pinnata Fabaceae construction. Use in making furniture Gmelina Arborea Verbenaceae picture frame boxes musicals instruments. Use for furniture tea chest, Toona Ciliata Meliaceae shuttles cigar boxes. Use for making furniture Albizzia Lebbeck Fabaceae interior decoration & paneling Use as ceiling board light Anthocephalus Indicus construction work Use in making high class Dalberiga Sissoo Fabaceae furniture & cabinet wood Use in making poles Tectona Grandis Verbenaceae bridge beams columns etc. Use in making poles Shorea Robusta Dipterocarceae bridge beams railway sleepers etc.

Botanical name

Family

Table 04: Orchids.

Sl No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Scientific Name Rychostylis Albiflara Rymchy Sllisratose Obearomia Eridifolia Paplea Mamtheters Dendrabium Moschatum Lucia Lryeoriza Caleosastoma Sabulatum Bulbophyllum Spathulatum Obearomia Peridifolia Phelolidota Imbriacata Dendrobium Aduoncum Phelolidota Ariticulata Chrometocalpa Undolatum Cimbidium Aloifolium Corianborcis Ziridifolia Mycropira Roostetum Bulbophyllum Paryanum Liambridum Logfoliam

Table 05:Fruit Bearing Plants.

Sl No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Botanical Name Albizzia lebbeck Alstonia scolaris Anthoccphalus cadamba Artabotrys odoratissimus Artoceurfous heterophyllus Cassiar fistula Clitaria ternatia Oillenia indica Ficus glomerata Ficus religiosa Oroxylun indicum Passiflora foetida Phyllanthus emblica Psidium guava Ricinus communis Tamarindus indica Tectona gradis Urena loleata Vangueria spinosa Zyzyphus jujuba Local Name Siris Chatiana Kadam Kothali champa Kothal Sonaru Aparajita Owtenga Dimoree Aahot Bhat ghila Junuka Amlokhi Modhurium Ara Teteli Hegun Agaru Kotkora Bogori English Name Siris tree Devil tree

Jack fruit Butterfly pea Elephant apple Fig Peepul Passion flower Emblic myrolea Guava Castor Tamarind Teak

Indian plum

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Photo Gallery
We took snaps of the flora and fauna as prescribed by our Mr. Rajib Rudra Tariang the teacher of EVS department.

At Bogapani Arboretum

Studying in Lakhipathar Reserve Forest

Studying Nursery System at Nazirating

Our Study Group

Grass Yellow

Gray Pansy Page: 13

Discussions and Conclusions

From the above discussion of data collected and findings, we can conclude that the butterflies are the species of aesthetic. We were able to find a total number of 23 butterflies of 18 different kinds of butterflies during the survey in the selected area. Now a days various species of butterflies have become rare & are endangered. So now it has become need of the hour for everyone to take steps to preserve and protect the flora and fauna as concerned to the topic. It is also hoped that, this project enable the common people to the understand the problems that will come up if the concerned flora or fauna will become extinct.

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References
Books:1. Haribal, M. 2004, Buterflies of Sikkim Himalayas, Natural Publications, Deheradun, pp- 1-196. 2. Kalita, J. 2000. Conservation of butterfly fauna of India, (2000) Biological Diversity Conservation and Management Ed. Mehrotra & Singh. Pub. Multi Graphics offset, Bhopal.

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