The client's needs, revised at 17/3/2014.

Aapaoja and others, 2013, generally, construction projects start from the concept that clients know what they want and need during defining the project. The client satisfaction is known for a long time to be the main cause in many projects. Many writers emphasized the importance of satisfying the client's needs in order to measure the success of a project: Bennet and others, 1998, kamara and others, 2000, Latham and others, 1994, Trobica and Strooh, 2001, and Egan, 1998. Bento and Silven, 1998, stressed that the client's satisfaction must be included to the two targets to be achieved which are: The first is to interpret the client's needs into a design that manifests technicalities, standards of functional performance and quality. The second is to conclude the project at the determined time which is the most efficient concerning coast, pointed by Boyen and others, 1999.

Latham, 1994, the necessity to fulfill the client's needs of a project is one of the reasons mentioned which must be confined to the expectations of the client however designers usually consider as well the needs of environment, aesthetics and next generations' demands. Mbachu, 2003, the popularity of the client dissatisfaction in the construction industry resulted from the fact that few researches have been allocated to this field of clients' needs and satisfaction in this industry.

Leo and Waker, 1998, exerting a lot of effort to define the client's needs is decisive to guarantee his satisfaction. Green and Yenard, 1999, pointed that it is a frequent problem in the construction industry all over the world. It invested a lot of time and concern to fulfill their clients' needs compared to other economical sectors. Smith and others, 1999, therefore, the increased demand from clients to improve the product type of constructing and deliver it on time and within budget limits is now part of the spirit of constructing quality. Barret and Stanley, 1999, the client's needs relevant to design briefing is a process running all over the world in construction projects where it is picked up gradually and translated in a fact reality. Rachel and others, 2001, shean and others, the client's disability to provide a briefing about the project and insufficient inputs contribute to an extra designing work and unpredictable differences. The project management's task today is first to challenge the client in terms of understanding the targets of the project. It uncovers problems between the client and other stakeholders. Secondly, confront the client's demands through exploring the substitutes which did not exist before. As a result, a new approach is adopted to assist in uncovering alternative means to achieve the client's demands which differ from those that were earlier discussed. Finally, to help clients understand the consequences for their demands. Love and White, 1997, Kox and others, 1999, Manavazhi and Xunzhi, 2001, pointed out that poor briefing in addition to break of connection usually occur when the client's needs constantly change. Love and Edwards, 2004, noticed that the client contribute to reforming the design as they come up with new ideas and demands. The also found that the client is the main contributor of the design changes besides other causes such as discovering new information, a flaw in the design or a change in legal regulations.

Similarly, Metropolis and Hawl, 2002, found out that many things occur during implementing the project because of the client's demands to make changes. Evidences indicate that clients contribute in the process of changing designs with big differences. It happens when clients change their preferences during all phases of the project. In the initial phase, some clients may not be certain of there special requirements. In such case, requirements of the design are likely to change during all phases of the project. Azlan, 2010, designers must be initiative and overcome the problem and providing advices and ideas required to improve the design. Grasparski, 2003, Ling, 2002, Rachel and others, 2001, noticed that initiative designers always present suggestions to improve the design. Designers must conduct several meetings attentively and present several options of the design which help clients to make their decisions during the briefing. All decisions regarding requirements of changing the design must be combined before presenting the design and before bidding. Accordingly, the client must be prepared with skillfulness and knowledge to communicate the designers the briefing of the design in order to reach the project's targets and minimize the requirements of change during all phases of the design. Bre, 2001, found that all of the refurbishing projects, which are under study, requested for litigation and settling final accounts, often cost more because of counselors and contractors. This leads to hard feelings among clients who make changes to the design during the constructing phase. Two major effects are: being exposed to opportunistic behavior as contractors always call for high variation orders. It may lead to increase the cost of the project, delay, reducing the client's satisfaction. It may also lead to disputes between the client and the main contractor. There is no wide range of practices to complete and maximize the value of complicated refurbishing projects. Customers also began to increasingly demand the stakeholders to improve the possible value. Moreover, the perception of a price drop does not serve that purpose. Customers seek a liberty of choice to interact with firms in order to determine there choices and to reflect their value perspective. Azlan, 2010, literary reviews have indicated that the uncertainty of client's needs reflects the quantity of changes to be during all phases of designing. Therefore, the initiative lies on a group of the designers to avoid any unnecessary changes by clients which were made to prefer their own. Kaklauskas and others mentioned that in commercial relations, the global economical crisis enforced the lack of trust to other stakeholders. Trust enforces the relations between stakeholders which often determine the success of the project. Ganah and Chabman concluded that stakeholders are main source of uncertainty in construction projects.

Reasonable designing graphs The quantity of designing graphs must reflect the quality of the presented service. This may reflect upon the quality of the designing documents in construction projects. Andy and Minato, 2003, described the degree of the design completion before the constructing phase as an indication for the quality of the designing documents. The amount of the designing's process graphs reflects the quality of the presented service. It reflects the quality of the designing document in construction projects. David, 1997, highlighted that performing a reconstruction project, particularly to complete one, affects by the absent of counselor services' graphs. David, 1997, indicated that carrying out the graphs of refurbishing projects, particularly for finishing projects, are influenced by its designer and if he was under paid for his expertise counselors' services. This affects the productivity of the designing. It reflects dedicating the work power. Therefore, the low designing graphs lead to low salaries which can be used as motives for designers. This leads to many flaws due to many changes during the constructing phase. Love and others, 2000, found out that one of the reasons behind the flaws of designing results from low designing graphs. In addition, a limited designing graphs may lead to a 'time square' task, where a fixed time is designated for a task regardless whether the designing document is complete or not. The situation is aggravated when several tasks are executed simultaneously which incline designers to make mistakes. Therefore, a reformation of the design is needed. Taily and Mcfallen, discovered that low designing graphs contribute to the reformation for construction projects. Colls, 1990, suggested that, in order to minimize problems, fees for the service should be reasonable and agreed upon which both parties wrote. Azlan, 2010, any required complementary services can be attentively distinguished if wanted for the designing process and must be financed correctly. The complexity of the project is on of the factors considered while pricing the graphical structure, selecting the purchasing system and designers' general costs' account. Moreover, some clients decide to pay for counseling designers according to a percent of the contract price. The great majority of the refurbishing projects include changes conducting in the range of their particular designs due to the invisible conditions of the site, which increase the cost of the project. The work burden of the design is increased in refurbishing projects if there is any variation in the cost of the project. Evidence should support this extra work burden for extra fees from clients. However, Azlan, 2010, some clients continue to pay according to the original designs which may lead to a dispute with the counseling experts. Therefore, the payment for designing graphs must be more flexible and according to the final digit of the refurbishing contract as mentioned in the executive regulation. On the other hand, the Architects Act of 1967 and the acts of 2004 stated that refurbishing projects are under A category and graphs are the highest category in the table. It reflects an extent of difficulty in setting up and managing an executable design. The amount of fees represented by the Malaysian Architectural Council is to make sure that all professional architects receive reasonable fees for designing.

The aforesaid literary reviews indicated that fees paid by clients reflect the quality of the services presented by architects. Unreasonable and low fees contribute in a deficient design such as flaw, reformation and defect. Therefore, architects should cling to the recommendations of the Architects Council and be aware of the cost of the Malaysian graphic structure for presenting the required service. Corner, 1994, an important conclusion from there reviews: more than 60% of the incidents results from bad decisions made even before staring the work. HSE, 1988, illustrated in their study the fatal accidents and health and safety factors. They pointed that 75% of the fatal accidents results from inefficient management procedures.

Cynthia Chin Tian Lee

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4 Verifying requirements is a procedure to define whether a design conforms to a certain group of needs or not. Harber Collins, 1993, concerning the linguistic definition, reflectively, there is a great amount of requirements. It includes 'something

required or obligatory as a commitment' and ' this thing is requested or expected'. The first definition implies ' correct requirements' that is defined earlier, whereas the second definition implies that different client may need or request different things. Dorfman and Thayr, in the context of systems engineering, the definition of requirements is the capacity of the programs needed to be carried out or owned by one of the components of fulfilling the contract's standard system, specifications or any other document officially obligated, which is need by the client to solve a problem in order to achieve a target. Pfleeger, 1998, describe the requirement as a feature of the system, a description or the ability of achieving something for the system. Camara and others, 2002, in the context of the construction industry, it is described as vivid requirements for the facility and must be set and clarified for the necessity of the work from the beginning of the project. Another type of requirements, pointed by Camara and others, also include the client's requirements, the site's requirements, the environment's requirements, the design's requirements, the building's requirements and the organizational requirements.