3.2 The Kidneys and Homeostasis Use these terms to fill in the gaps.

All words will be used once only. ADH Urine $electi"e )iltering Acti"e transport Molecules Ureter &lucose )ood *ater To ic $tored ' cretory )iltrate +smosis !i"er %lood (eabsorbed )iltration Tubes #roteins Tubules Urea #roteins !arge

Water and salt enter the body mainly in .. and drinks. The kidneys are the organs involved in controlling the amount of water and salt and removing urea (which is to humans) out of the blood. Urea is produced in the from the breakdown of the .. acids from excess proteins in our diet which the body is unable to store. The regulation and removal of these substances in the .. stream is carried out by millions of tiny . called kidney .. or nephrons. These work by out of the blood small ...................... such as water glucose salt (as ions) and ... via diffusion and in the case of water by . . !s this li"uid called flows through the tubules all of the .... is reabsorbed back into the blood by .. as is some of the .. and salt. !s the "uantities of water and salt ions that are reabsorbed varied it is called . reabsorption. ! very small amount of the urea is also .... into the blood down its concentration gradient. The blood also contains other components such as . and blood cells but because of their .. si#e they remain in the blood at the initial .. stage unlike the smaller molecules mentioned earlier. The amount of water reabsorbed back into the blood is controlled by a hormone called (anti$diuretic hormone). These substances the water salts and urea now form the li"uid we call .... This travels down two tubes called the ... and into the muscular bladder where it is . before it leaves the body via the urethra.

3.2 The Kidneys and Homeostasis Use these terms to fill in the gaps. All words will be used once only. ADH Urine $electi"e )iltering Acti"e transport Molecules Ureter &lucose )ood *ater To ic $tored ' cretory )iltrate +smosis !i"er %lood (eabsorbed )iltration Tubes #roteins Tubules Urea Amino !arge

Water and salt enter the body mainly in food and drinks. The kidneys are the excretory organs involved in controlling the amount of water and salt and removing urea (which is toxic to humans) out of the blood. Urea is produced in the liver from the breakdown of the amino acids from excess proteins in our diet which the body is unable to store. The regulation and removal of these substances in the blood stream is carried out by millions of tiny tubes called kidney tubules or nephrons. These work by filtering out of the blood small molecules such as water glucose salt (as ions) and urea via diffusion and in the case of water by osmosis. !s this li"uid called filtrate flows through the tubules all of the glucose is reabsorbed back into the blood by active transport as is some of the water and salt. !s the "uantities of water and salt ions that are reabsorbed varied it is called selective reabsorption. ! very small amount of the urea is also reabsorbed into the blood down its concentration gradient. The blood also contains other components such as proteins and blood cells but because of their large si#e they remain in the blood at the initial filtration stage unlike the smaller molecules mentioned earlier. The amount of water reabsorbed back into the blood is controlled by a hormone called !%& (anti$diuretic hormone). These substances the water salts and urea now form the li"uid we call urine. This travels down two tubes called the ureter and into the muscular bladder where it is stored before it leaves the body via the urethra.