Global and Regional Security 

Architecture
Professor Carl Thayer
Presentation to Lemhannas
Presentation to Lemhannas
2 November 2009
 Outline of Presentation
Outline of Presentation

• Global security architecture
• Regional security architecture
Regional security architecture
• Proposals to upgrade 
p pg
Regional Security Architecture
Global Security Architecture
Global Security Architecture

• United Nations 
• Breton Woods institutions
• Group of 20 (G‐20)
Group of 20 (G 20)
United Nations

Secretary General
Secretary General

S
Security Council
it C il

General Assembly
 UNDP

WFP UNHCR

UN 
UN
Family
UNFPA UNESCO

ESCAP
United Nations: Net Assessment
United Nations: Net Assessment

• Collective Defence
• Non Traditional Security Issues
Non‐Traditional Security Issues
• Security Council
• Permanent Five
• C ll f R f
Calls for Reform
 Breton Woods Institutions
Breton Woods Institutions
International 
International World Bank
World Bank
Monetary Fund
 Rise of the Group of 20
Rise of the Group of 20

G‐8 G‐
G
G‐7 20
G‐6
 Regional Security Architecture
Regional Security Architecture

• U.S. centred alliances
• ASEAN led cooperative security
ASEAN‐led cooperative security
• Other multilateral institutions
• Ad hoc arrangements
U.S.‐led Alliances

Japan

South 
ANZUS
Korea

USA
Thailand Taiwan

Philippines
pp
 U S Alliances Northeast Asia
U.S. Alliances Northeast Asia
• First overseas visit by Secretary Hilliary Clinton
• U.S.‐Japan alliance 
– cornerstone of U.S. strategy
– Defense Policy Review Initiative (transformation and 
realignment)
• U.S.‐Korea alliance
– U.S. Forces Korea transformation
– Assumption of war‐time operational control 2012
p p
 U.S.‐led
U.S. led Alliance System
Alliance System

• Australia (ANZUS)
– Iraq, Afghanistan, intelligence sharing, 
technology, interoperability
• Non‐NATO Major Allies
– Philippines: Operation Enduring Freedom
– Thailand
• Singapore: major security partner
ASEAN‐led Cooperative Security
ASEAN led Cooperative Security
• ASEAN
ASEAN Security 
S it
ASEAN
Community

• ASEAN in driver’s 
ARF seat

• ASEAN Plus, 
APT China, Japan, 
S hK
South Korea
 Other Multilateral Institutions
Other Multilateral Institutions

• Five Power Defence Arrangements 
(
(FPDA))
• Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation 
(APEC)
• East Asian Summit (EAS)
Five Power Defence 
Arrangements

Obligates Australia New Zealand and

•1971 Obligates Australia, New Zealand and 
•1971
United Kingdom to consult Malaysia and 
Singapore in the event of an armed attack
Singapore in the event of an armed attack
•From Integrated Air Defence to Integrated Area 
Defence
•annual air and sea exercises
•addresses non traditional security threats
•addresses non‐traditional security threats
Asia Pacific Cooperation Forum
Asia Pacific Cooperation Forum
•Trade liberalisation
•Non‐state members
•‘Economies’
•Leadership meeting
•ASEAN as a caucus
•Chile, Mexico and 
Peru
•STAR initiative
 East Asia Summit (EAS)
East Asia Summit (EAS)
• ASEAN
ASEAN 
• Plus Three: China, Japan, South Korea
• Australia and New Zealand
li d l d
• India
• Meets at head of state/government level
• Concerned with energy security and climate
Concerned with energy security and climate 
change
 Ad Hoc Arrangements
Ad Hoc Arrangements

• Six Party Talks
y
• Shangri‐La Dialogue
• Proliferation Security Initiative
P lif ti S it I iti ti
Six Party Talks: Korean Peninsula
Six Party Talks: Korean Peninsula
Shangri‐La
Shangri La Dialogue
Dialogue
 Proliferation Security Initiative
Proliferation Security Initiative
• U.S.
U S ‐led
led multinational effort (2003)
multinational effort (2003)
– More than 90 members
• Maritime
Maritime interdiction of weapons of mass 
interdiction of weapons of mass
destruction, WMD technology, and means of 
delivery
• Statement of Interdiction Principles
• Multilateral shipping pacts to allow boarding
g y g y
• Legality of PSI challenged by China and Iran
 Proposals to Upgrade Regional 
Proposals to Upgrade Regional
Security Architecture

• Australia’s Asia Pacific community
l ’ f
• Japan’s East Asian Community
p y
• Asia‐Pacific Group of 8
Rudd’s tentative List of APc Members
USA

China Japan

South 
India
Korea

Malaysia Indonesia

Singapore Australia
 Japan’ss East Asian Community
Japan East Asian Community
Japan

South 
China
Korea

India Australia

USA? ASEAN
 A i P ifi
Asia Pacific
community

APEC ARF
APEC EAS
Economies 
ASEAN + 3 
Hong Kong & 
ANZ India
ANZ India
Ti
Taiwan

EU + South 
+ Russia?
America

APT at core ‐
+ USA?
+ USA?
India?
 Umbrella
Group 
Group
G6/8/10?

APEC 
APEC EAS 
EAS
economic  security 
issues issues
Asian Core from Group of 20
p

• Australia, China 
India, Indonesia, 
Japan, South 
Korea = 6
Korea = 6
 USA

Japan
p China

Asian 
Asian
South 
India Group of 8 Korea

Russia Australia

Indonesi
a
Global and Regional Security 
Architecture
Professor Carl Thayer
Presentation to Lemhannas
Presentation to Lemhannas
2 November 2009