$

36

op", Cloze
Fill in each

,& J/

G x
Use the word in capitals

**= Word Formation

to form
a word that fits in

gap using oneword.

the spaces.

bad

x thi

+ead

his

doors

ADVICE FOf,I ASPTRINO JOURNATIST$

o newspoper iob is one of the biggest chollenges -nlws-*riter. you will foce in becoming o breodwinning ycu
Gettjn-S

Tlt[ affir}l $r $ffi$fril0}{ffiffier

At the time of the l)
.G,/.+1,;,,2_"tg4-a_l!+:srsof

ASSASSIN

President John F Kennrd' r, i:q(rion ne\\s \\as

might

l)

still very much in its

wonro

heor it, but ior

I]

o newsroom, there ore, on 3) ........,........". , fifiOuclified oppliconts. On the Lrp side. ediiors ore olwoys e$$'Ul\o heor from who hove o solid educolion ond who (.iiltrr,,r"iiii.t.ie the tolents ond skills of iournolisnr. Your S) ... +f ianding on opprenticeship
opening in

as lar as presenting such ]r tU"dg llre s1 gn15 \\,as concerned For rhe lirst r{me,

-; b^$t.,eg*t.. ,#g

INFANT
SHOCK

a{.}

the people of an entire nation sat before their screens in horror as detarls of the attack and I a-i v subsequent deatti of their p:.rsi.jert unfoldeJ;/1''Lt
before their

4)

or your first full-time iob ore enhonced 6) .. .. " .... you prepar. r,:refully. When preporing your curriculum vitoe, go throi;, ',ersonol bockground to ideniify experiences

and their implicarions *,ith

detachment and 5) .. . ...

Unfortunately, far lrom presenting the events

..... . ... ....................,... eves.

BELIEVE

1 .,
iji

..

professional
.... ,

8l

..... will moke you stond out from

.

the

volunieer nty
,cnool

dilferert ilir,;i,:li ril ,1.,.1:eriences thot could give you thoi leoding ecige }*] . . the compeiition. Belore you oppii; :
:ewspciper you're_ hoping ti,, wr,,,

*npliccnts. Trovel, educotionol speciolties, knowledge of longuoges or

various broadcasters involved allowed their 5) .".. . . . .. to be usurped by

inappropriare djqplay.q o[ personal emorion.

the .

CLEAR OBJECT

J:hooi

.. get o one-monlh subscripiion. Reod ii. l, lt well orgonised? Are feotures n^J I -- , ,::., , ecsr, to i).:. -,) i'.^i ,t :r.rv informotion ihot is : usefui ir ,,,,,,,*on" new lJi .... ... the oreo? Are ihe ,^ u.*-. interesting, informofive qnd
fi",Pol,.,,
i;:.:i-, siudy

l;Y.,

,.'

,..-,,,r

. time with the tbu mighi find post college or journolism school libiory, or you ,"
...

l.t)
rJl

n{rionced? JBt

tragedies,

PanAm Flight

Bt I 5) 8q#tr.:{ U-irr. ... .. reported i.'-#1*-N:f-E}*.pH reporred on many man) lr was noC until the disaster. oi
1

with hindsig[r,r, t,jlL , loss of rhat ait_ lmportarid-iEdt6menr can be undersrood and even forgiven, given the fact that the nrec,lium was faced with such an 7) -( ! i: ,' ::.pl.r1.x.u! EXpECT acr of calculated riolerrce ar r rinre',.r hen the nation as a whole had never experienced such an e\ent irithin the television age. [^]l6qr ;ng,15 For the rhe lollor.r,ing.25 1,ears, 1rars, television news
.

ROUTINE

03 over the small

qnd

..... your impressions on the popert strengihs

village of Lockerbie

in I 9gg thar rhe news

WORR)

Scottish

we,

i*di;;"n;

r..ls. Leorn the bosics obout the poper: . . mojor morket, circuloiion, history ond

nredia u,,fl'L: i;,saj;r s.alr..anrsed to such an extent.

'\-E

Lockerbie disaster disasrer also'frigh aiso l'ignilglried a fai more disturbirg iicnrj in televjsion news, handling of the I C; .. alternrath: the urLLrr!r4Ltt. Lil HORROR unrestrained use of seiisziirtnalisric reporting.
ffiWt'

Volr , Q,*d"U.rirr*rk^ . rhough. the

=\L*

G+h=**.,*

t+j*

.E t)i

,l@

ilisuuqffiffi
fr
ni^athe rubric below and answer the questions

rffid

Writing a Balanced Argument

Some writing tasks require you

to look at an

issue

from both sides. Balanced arguments are usually found in articles or essays written for a teacher or tutor. They are often on a serious or academic subject, so the writing needs

\3r.follow.
& You have read the following as part

to be formal.

The key to a balanced argument is that it

of

gives equal weight

to opposing or contrasting viewpoints.

* *
a

newspaper article on the coverage of news in the media. You have decided to write to the editor of

t a

the newspaper, responding to the points

and expressing your own views.

raised

. .
r

Balanced arguments should contain:

An introduction. in which you clearly mention both sides. A main body, in which the paragraphs are divided equally
between the two opposing viewpoints.

A conclusion, in which you

summarise

the main body

There is simply no way that we can get any

and/or make a thought-provoking comment.

*ffik

kind of objective reporting

anywhere.

Current affairs programmes are biased and

uninformative. Newspapers are more interested in gossip than anything which

can be called 'newsl TV news programmes

,-; ,/
| I
I

Understanding Rubrics \,. $Q head the rubric below underline the key words and
pt rases and answer the questions that follow
You recently read the following in an article about television. Now your teacher has asked you to write
an essay, based on the ar-ticle, in which you examine

concerned with showing sensationalist details than reporting the

are more

ff

facts. Where is this going to lead?

ffi
@ !E

&

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Who must you write to? { i,. r t "{.1 'rg-s What is your reason for writing?
Which points must you respond to? Say whether you agree or disagree with each point. How could you support your views?
Suggest words and phrases that would be suitabie

fr

the positive and negative aspects of television.

Television: A Blessing or a Curse?

Mention the subject of television these days and you're
sure to get a mixed response. One side claims that it is a

boon to mankind which provides us with a wealth of entertainment and is a rich source of information.
Others say that it is damaging for the individual and is responsible for a number of society's i1ls. Is it possible,

to

use in expressing your opinion.

How would you begin and end your letter?

with such extreme views in favour of and

against

Paragraph Planning

television, that both sides are right?

,

{$

Look back at the rubric and extract above and, in the plan given, make notes about what you will include in each paragraph.

What do you have to Who

is

write?

''"

.-[t'

..

-1
,

,. ii

"'

, c \,' ' .\-

2
3

the target reader? What style is appropriate?

Which points do you need to respond to?

j
t

Par aqraph 2

Paragraph 3

.:.

"'

l -.r.{
-"

rrl

Paraphrasinq

Paragraph 5

'Wtatch phrases 1-5 to their equivalents (a-fl. Why should these changes be madeT Can you suggest other suitable ways of paraphrasing these
expressionsT

.+
,,!

{$

Using the information above, write the letter

1 2

to get a mixed response

is damaging

has harmful influences

for the

on society
has a lot

outlined in

Ex. 47.

individual

&,, 3 ., '{* 4 , 5
^5

to offer in the

is responsible for'a

way of
C

number of society's ills boon to ma.rkino

is a rrch source

is

very informative

can actually harm the

cf
e
I

viewer marvellous invention

rnformation
:r^1,:^a< 1 . -i -

to stir up drsagreement

I0

'^u':air":'

nnalysing the Model

the model below and replace the words and in bold with suitable alternatives from 1. Then answer the questions that follow.
lthoutldoribt, the question of television's value 1) gets a responsg, Somq,believe that it is a 2) boon to mankind, iother-s maintain that it is the cause of a number of serious

i
I
t
,

l (
I

.,

,'.:

.'6o.Idce.

Ifl'ridditio{ there can be no doubt that television 4) is a rich of,infollation. Thanks to the fact that so much money

l,1fias,..been{iwestGdinthe medium, television is able to broadcast a

huge range of well-researched and educational programmes.

.&
"@gj

Paragraph Building
Read the following rubric and topic sentences. Then use the prompts given to write supporting sentences

r,Thousand$,of dedicated professionals help to ensure that documentaries and current affairs programmes are as factualty
aecurate:as

posiblb,

as

well

as guaranteeing a

fast and reliable

54

news service.

On the other hand, certain aspects of television 5) are damaging for the individual. For instance. spending long
periods of fime in front of a television screen could have adverse effects on the eyesight, or on the person's general level of health

for each paragraph. Then, for each one. write an additional sentence of your own to make a complete paragraph.
You recently heard the following statement during a lecture on Media Studies. Now your tutor has asked
@.

and fitness. Even more worryingly, television is influential ,Quough to'affect the mind. tt is noidfficult to imagine how this influence'could.lead to viewers gaining a distorted-vision of the
world.

#
& e

you to write an essay analysing both sides of this

issue.

What is more, it seems clear that television 6) is responsible ^ for a number of society,s ills. Examples of this include a marked
increase

frequently attributed to tfre wiOesfr?aiirff,*r* television. Genuine fears have also been expressed "f medium tt ut i, whilh lends itself to abuse in the form ofpolitical propaganda. On balance, there are a number of convincing'rr*r*.r,, : both in favour of and against television. Since it i, ; to stay, perhaps it is not the medium itself which should come ; closer scrutiqry, but rather the way we use ,lnder

in violence and bad language, both of which

are

ii

"Freedom of the Press means two things _ newspapers have the right to print what we want to hear, but they can also print things that we don't want to hearl' Firstly, people have
For example,

the right to know the truth

"i"i"Ci... it.
q--ff4'q

about what is happening in the world.

-*ru\_g\o.f{ -q-.*.*8#&'** 1 2 3
What has the writer included in the introduction? How are the main body paragraphs divided? How is the final comment ,thought-provoking,?

responsibility

war or natural disaster, / press have / keep / public / inform.

Furthermore, it is the job of a newspaper to report the facts as objectively as possible.

By this I mean

/ all events / report /

regardless

/ opinion

editor.

'\(f

riff in the gaps with suitable points from the model,

On the other hand, newspapers need to exercise caution with some of the things they publish.
ln other words,
tqste.

irtrodultion:
ac'ording to sorne, tele.vpion

/ opinions

vary

what

/ consider / good / accidents /

buterhersthinkitis
point in favour of
l-V provides

is O 'o.tMIE q

I *'q".\1.i$r,;

Photographs / graphic details / such things

cause offence.

..4ru,,ti,rr4.

1st

TV:
+
sry

{\ U ' :' -'*t -\ - U"..uflof*ld''

oo.pl-ria, nome activity

entertainmeni explanatiory variety of programmes

examples:

ln addition, newspapers can also political weapon.

For instance,

be used as

fu

6,.:+r'r...r+;

. ::r.i,:i..:.\

/ newspaper / linked / politicat party

L,)*r.l.l;

/
,!'l

=; :-,,.,r!+.il..

unfairly criticise / opposition.

@
'ffid

Error Correction
= *

Following a discussion on advertising in the media,

fip

fhe following extract from a letter contains some

mistakes. Find them and correct them. What kind of letter is this?

*
lC

your tutor has asked you

to write an essay

examining the positive and negative aspects of

advertising. Listed below are the main points from

a
a

. uar )rl.' j
l':ilrrite"in
response

Htl*' t/ritei, -u{

to your coverage of the
Prime

J'"

ln"o

1.,:::::

Advertising:
.

f-

dj

helps finance programmes, newspapers, etc,

Minister's visit to France. As an Sglishman who has lived and worked in Paris for a number of years, I would like to
take. issue

tdtft_suggestion that tfrefrench do not respect

. .
.

and therefore provides for more choice and better quality in the media. is intrusive and should be controlled more
strictly. informs consumers of the availability of new products.
creates an artificial demand for products and encourages excessrve consumensm.

*,. hititt',.

-lt-

ri
thankfully, is quickly there might be

The animosity which your writer mentions existionly in

old-fashioned prejudice
becoming extinct.

between the international policies of the two countries

(particularly in matters pertaining to the European Union), we must no'forget that, in times of world crises, the French
have been our good neighbours and trustworthy allies. This
1

2
3

is Ugsl clearlreflected
versa.

inJid

harmonious relationships

formed whenUver a $ritton finds himself in France, and vice

4
5

What type of writing is this? What style is appropriate? Who are the target readers? What are the main points for and against?
Suggest how you could paraphrase items from

Nor do your writer's claims about " insurmountable

cultural differences" have any relevance to the true state of affainThe.ftitish have always admired French art and letters, not to mention their fondness
For

the writing task to avoid repetition. What would you include in the beginning and
ending? ,:iFr

traditional French clisine

language

The same goes for the people of France; the"i4gst majority of

.!h*young people here are speaking ffiEnglrsh

fluently and are familiar with British history and traditional'

=u;

Paragraph Planning

which forms an important part of their primary, secondiry

and higher education.

57 ^. ln pairs, discuss the information that you would include in the paragraph plans below.
ParagraPh2

ffiismuss*mi
56
Read the following rubrics and underline the key

Lr

ParagraPh3

Paragraph 4*

ii i*e.

"ti

Paragraph 5*

words and phrases. Then, for each one, answer the questions that follow.
You have read the extract below in a magazine about home entertainment.
4h @

,,

Paragraph 3

{p

ls Radio

Dead?
about

There has been a lot o[ talk recentll

Paragraph

4*

Paragraph 5*

the death of radio. Television has advanced

been left far behjnd. ls it time to throw our transislors rn the rubbish bin - or is there srill some ljfe in the mediunr? We wanr to know what you think. Write a letler analysing the good and bad points ol raclio and ielllngusillou rhinkir hasafr.rture.
so rapidly that the humble radio has
Write your letter.

i i i
;

* These paragraphs may not be necessary.

i i i
I

Think of appropriate topic sentences for your main body paragraphs. How will you support your topic sentences?

$$

Using the information you have learned in this unit, write one of the tasks you discussed in Ex. 56"