//Overflow Int: (2) or 4 bytes long int 4Bytes short int 2Bytes float 4Bytes double 8Bytes unsigned(short)

int limit = UINT_MAX=2^16-1 General -- Cannot start with a digit or underscore -- (0 <= num <= 100) It is always true. Robot Robot (int x, int y, Direction = east); void Move (int distance = 1); bool Blocked (); void TurnRight (); void SetColor (Color color); void ShowMessage() void GetInput(,) String s.substr(int pos, int length) string s = "hello"; int len = s.length(); string substr(int pos, int len) s.find("he"); s.rfind("he"); s.find("he", 5); s.rfind("he", 15); s.find(string x), s.rfind(x)returns int; if not found, returns string::npos s.insert(5, str, 8, 4); where to insert, added str, to add strs substr s.replace (1, 3, str, 1, 2) s.at(4) = '!'; // s is now "Hell! World" #include strutils.h void ToLower(string & s); void ToUpper(string & s); void StripPunc(string & s); void StripWhite(string & s); string LowerString(const string & s); string UpperString(const string & s); int atoi(const string & s); // returns int equivalent double atof(const string & s); // returns double equivalent string itoa(int n); // returns string equivalent string tostring(int n); // like itoa, convert int to string string tostring(double d); // convert double to string # include <cmath> sqrt(double x) fabs(double x) //pozitif yapan function pow(double x, double y) sin(double x) x in radians asin(double x) arcsin atan2(double x, y) arctan(x/y) floor(double x) largest int <= x ceil(double x) smallest int >= x //do-while Do { cout << "enter number in range [0..100]"; cin >> num;} while (num < 0 || num > 100 ); //while-for k = low; while (k <= high) {if (IsPrime(k)) {cout << k << endl; numPrimes += 1;} k += 1;} for (k = low; k <= high; k += 1) {if (IsPrime(k)) {cout << k << endl; numPrimes += 1;}} -----------------------------------------//SWTICH int num; cin >> num; switch (num) {case 1: cout << "between" << endl; break; default: cout << "not between" << endl;} -----------------------------------------A B || && TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE TRUE FALSE TRUE FALSE FALSE TRUE TRUE FALSE ------------------------------------------

mutuator=> it updates a private data member accessor=> does not updates a data member constructor: a special member func create object of a class --------------------------------------------//ROBOT void Robot::Teleport(int x,int y,Direction d) { ShortDelay(this); bool kill_it=false; Robot *p = next; while (p != this) //check all robots { if (p->xPos == x && p->yPos == y) //if one is found in x,y { p->stalled=true; //kill it theRobotWindow->Redraw(p); kill_it=true; } p = p->next; } if (kill_it) //if a robot was found in x,y { stalled = true; //kill the object robot theRobotWindow->Redraw(this); } else //otherwise beam it up Scotty! { visible = false; theRobotWindow->Invalid(this); xPos = x; yPos = y; direction = d; visible = true; theRobotWindow->Redraw(this); } } -----------------------------------------void Robot::TurnFace (Direction dir) { direction = dir; theRobotWindow->Redraw(this);} -----------------------------------------void Robot::PickAll () { while (GetCellCount(xPos,yPos)!=0) { theRobotWorld->DecrCount(xPos, yPos); bag++;} theRobotWorld->dirty = false; theRobotWindow->Redraw(this);} -----------------------------------------bool Robot::IsItAlive () { return stalled;} -----------------------------------------void Robot::Resurrect () { stalled=false;} -----------------------------------------int Robot::BagCount () { return bag; } -----------------------------------------int Robot::GetXCoordinate () { return xPos;} -----------------------------------------bool Robot::IsVisible () {return visible;} ------------------------------------------void Robot::KillIt () {stalled=true;} ------------------------------------------void RandomMove(Robot &r, int step) {int dirRand = 0; RandGen rand; for (int i=0; i < step; i++) {do {dirRand = rand.RandInt(0, 3); if (dirRand==0) r.Turn(east); else if (dirRand == 1) r.Turn(south); else if (dirRand == 2) r.Turn(west); else if (dirRand == 3) r.Turn(north);} while(r.FacingWall()); r.Move();}} ------------------------------------------int Robot::PickThings(int count) { int picked = 0; while (!CellEmpty() && picked < count) { PickThing(); picked++; } return picked;} ----------------------------------------CLASS DICE { public: Dice(int sides); // constructor int Roll(); // return the random roll int NumSides() const; // return number of sides this die has int NumRolls() const; // return number of times this die rolled void ResetRollCount(); private: int myRollCount; // number of times die rolled int mySides; // number of sides on die };

CLASS DATE int DaysIn()--- return number of days in month long Absolute() --- returns absolute # of date assuming that Jan 1, 1 AD is day 1. Has property that Absolute() % 7 = k, where k = 0 is Sunday, k = 1 is monday, ... k = 6 is saturday string ToString() -- returns string version of date, e.g., d.SetDate (11,23,1963); then d.ToString() returns string "November 23 1963" int Month() const; // return month corresponding to date int Day() const; // return day corresponding to date int Year() const; // return year corresponding to date int DaysIn() const; // return # of days in month string DayName() const; // "monday", "tuesday", ... or "sunday" string MonthName() const; // "january","february",... or "december" long Absolute() const; // number of days since 1 A.D. for date string ToString() const; // returns string for date in ascii int DaysRemaining() const; // return # of remaining days in month ------------------------------------------//DICE RNE #include <iostream> #include "dice.h" using namespace std; int main() { Dice zar(6); Dice para(2); cout << zar.Roll() << endl; cout << para.Roll() << endl; if (zar.Roll() == 3) { cout << zar.Roll() << endl; } else { cout << para.Roll() << endl; } return 0; } -----------------------------------------//SEQUENCE INTEGER #include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() {int numPre, numCur; bool ordered = true; cout << "Enter the sequence of integers:"; cin >> numPre; if (numPre == -1) {cout << "List not started" << endl;} else {cin >> numCur; while (numCur != -1 && ordered) {if (numCur < numPre) {ordered = false;} else {numPre = numCur; cin >> numCur;} } if (ordered) {cout << "Ordered List" << endl;} else {cout << "Not an ordered List" << endl;} } return 0;} ----------------------------------------//string-integer-yerdeitirme string f1(string mystr, int myint) {string result = mystr; int strLen= mystr.length(); int pos; if (myint < strLen) {pos = strLen - myint; result = mystr.substr(pos, myint) + mystr.substr(0, pos);} return result;} string f2(string mystr, int myint) {string result = mystr; int ctr = 0; int strLen = mystr.length(); if (myint < strLen) {result = ""; while (ctr < myint) {ctr++; result = mystr.substr(strLen-ctr, 1) + result;} for (ctr=0; ctr < strLen-myint; ctr++) {result = result + mystr.substr(ctr, 1);}} return result;} string changeWord(string s1, string s2, string s3) {unsigned int index=0, length, s2_len, s3_len; length = s1.length();s2_len = s2.length(); s3_len = s3.length();

Member function implementation while (index < length) {index = s1.find(s2, index); if (index != string::npos) {s1 = s1.substr(0,index) + s3 +s1.substr(index + s2_len, length); index += s3_len; length = s1.length();}} return s1;} -----------------------------------------//MOVE DIAGONAL #include <string> #include "Robots.h" using namespace std; void TurnLeft(Robot &r) {r.TurnRight(); r.TurnRight(); r.TurnRight();} void MoveDiagonal(Robot &r) { TurnLeft(r); r.Move(); r.TurnRight(); r.Move();} int main() { Robot r1(0, 0, east, 0); r1.SetColor(red); Robot r2(0, 1, east, 0); r2.SetColor(yellow); int step = 0; while (step < 10) { MoveDiagonal(r2); MoveDiagonal(r1); step++;} return 0;} -----------------------------------------//FenerBahe-Galatasaray-string string func(string s, char c) { string result = ""; for (int i=0; i < s.size(); i++) { if (s.at(i) != c) { result += s.substr(i, 1); } } return result; } ------------------------------------------//Palindrome-kabak,tARak,krMIZI #include <iostream> #include <string> #include "strutils.h" using namespace std; string ReverseString(string str) {string rev; int length = str.length(); for (int i=length-1; i >= 0 ; i--) {rev = rev + str.at(i); } return rev; } bool IsPalindrome(string word) {return ( word == ReverseString(word) );} int main() {string upper, input; cout << "Please enter your word: "; cin >> input; upper = UpperString(input); while (upper != "END") { if (IsPalindrome(upper)) {cout<<"The word '"<<upper<<"' is a palindrome"<<endl;} else {cout << "Palindrome of '" << upper << "' is: " << upper << ReverseString(upper) << endl;} cout << "Please enter a new word: "; cin >> input; upper = UpperString(input); } cout << "Exiting..." << endl; return 0; } -----------------------------------------//Robot-things #include "Robots.h" using namespace std; void sideMove(Robot & robot, int length) { robot.TurnRight(); for (int i=0; i < length; i++) { robot.PutThing(); robot.Move(); } } void moveRobot(Robot & robot, int x, int y) { for (int i=0; i < 4; i++) { if (i%2 == 0) sideMove(robot, y); else sideMove(robot, x); } robot.Move(); } int main() {int xpos, ypos; GetInput("Please Enter X position of the robot", xpos); GetInput("Please Enter Y position of the robot", ypos); if (xpos > 0 && ypos > 0) { Robot rob(xpos, ypos, east, 2*(xpos+ypos)); moveRobot(rob, xpos, ypos); } else { ShowMessage("Not a Valid Coordinate! Exiting..."); } return 0;} ----------------------------------------//DATE RNE #include <iostream> #include <string> #include "date.h" using namespace std; int main() { int month=4,day=23, year=1900; //any year value would work bool check=true; while(check) { Date date1(month,day,year); if(date1.DayName()!="Sunday") {year++; } else check=false;} month=10; day=29; Date date2(month,day,year); cout << date2.DayName()<<endl; return 0;} ---------------------------------------koysalar onume bariyer de and cocuk da yaparim kariyer de, then the function should return 9 due to ariyer de part of both strings. int min (int a, int b) {if (a < b) return a; else return b;} int rhymecounter (string s1, string s2) {int count=0, i; int s1Length = s1.length(); int s2Length = s2.length(); int upTo = min(s1Length, s2Length); for (i=1; i<=upTo && s1.at(s1Length - i) == s2.at(s2Length - i);i++) {count++;} return count;} -----------------------------------------------void Dice::ResetRollCount() {myRollCount=0;} -----------------------------------------------int Dice::MultipleRoll (int n) {int i, sum=0; for (i=1; i<=n; i++) {sum = sum + Roll();} return sum;} -----------------------------------------------//return the number of digits in number int Mystery(int number) { int count = 0; while (number > 0) { number /= 10; count++;} return(count);} -----------------------------------------------//DATE RNE int calcHolidays (int year) {int month, day; int count = 0; for (month = 1; month <= 12; month++) {Date tarih (month, 1, year); int x = tarih.DaysIn() ; for (day = 1; day <= x; day++) {if ( tarih.DayName() == "Saturday" || tarih.DayName() == "Sunday" || (day==28 && month==8) || (day==23 && month==5) ) {count++;} tarih++;}} return count;} void Robot::MoveDiagonal(Direction dir1,Direction dir2) {if (stalled) return; if ( (dir1==west || dir1==east) && (dir2==west || dir2==east) ) return; else if ( (dir1==north || dir1==south) && (dir2==north || dir2==south) ) return; direction = dir2; Move(); direction = dir1; Move();} Program #include <iostream> #include "Robots.h" #include "randgen.h" using namespace std; int main() {int n; RandGen gen; n = gen.RandInt(1,20); Robot rob(0,0); while (n > 0) { rob.MoveDiagonal(north,east); n--;} return 0;} -----------------------------------------------void Robot::RandomTurn() { if (stalled) return; int dirCode=0; RandGen rand; // find a direction which is blocked by another robot, but not with a wall while ( (!Blocked() || FacingWall()) && dirCode < 4 ) { direction = Direction(dirCode); dirCode++;} // if no direction has a robot, then find a random direction with no wall if ( !Blocked() || FacingWall() ) { do { dirCode = rand.RandInt(0,3); direction = Direction(dirCode);} while(FacingWall());} theRobotWindow->Redraw(this);} ------------------------------------------------