500 BC

BUDDHA, THE WORD (The Eightfold Path)

THE FOUR NOBLE TRUTHS THUS has it been said by the Buddha, the Enlightened One: It is th !ugh n!t unde standing, n!t eali"ing #!u things, that I, !und !#

$is%i&les, as 'ell as y!u, had t! 'ande ebi ths( )nd 'hat a e these #!u

s! l!ng th !ugh this

things* They a e the N!ble T uth

!# Su##e ing, the N!ble T uth !# the O igin !# Su##e ing, the N!ble T uth !# the E+tin%ti!n !# Su##e ing, the N!ble T uth !# the ,ath that leads t! the E+tin%ti!n !# Su##e ing( )s l!ng as the abs!lutely t ue -n!'ledge and insight as these F!u N!ble T uths 'as n!t .uite %lea ega ds

in /e, s! l!ng 'as I n!t

su e, 'hethe

I had '!n that su& e/e Enlighten/ent 'hi%h is

unsu &assed in all the '! ld 'ith its hea0enly beings, e0il s&i its and g!ds, a/!ngst all the h!sts !# as%eti%s and & iests, hea0enly beings and /en( But as s!!n as the abs!lutely t ue -n!'ledge and insight as %lea ega ds these F!u N!ble T uths had be%!/e &e #e%tly

in /e, the e a !se in /e the assu an%e that I had '!n that

su& e/e Enlighten/ent unsu &assed( )nd I dis%!0e ed that1& !#!und t uth, s! di##i%ult t! &e %ei0e, di##i%ult t! unde stand, t an.uili"ing and subli/e, 'hi%h is n!t t! be gained by /e e eas!ning, and is 0isible !nly t! the 'ise(

The '! ld, h!'e0e , is gi0en t! &leasu e, delighted 'ith &leasu e, en%hanted 'ith &leasu e( 2e ily, su%h beings 'ill ha dly unde stand the la' !# %!nditi!nality, the $e&endent O iginati!n !# e0e y thing3

in%!/& ehensible t! the/ 'ill als! be the end !# all #! /ati!ns, the #! sa-ing !# e0e y subst atu/ !# ebi th, the #ading a'ay !#

% a0ing3 deta%h/ent, e+tin%ti!n, Ni 0ana( 4et the e a e beings 'h!se eyes a e !nly a little %!0e ed 'ith dust: they 'ill unde stand the t uth( FIRST TRUTH THE NOBLE TRUTH OF SUFFERIN5 6H)T, n!', is the N!ble T uth !# Su##e ing* Bi th is su##e ing3 $e%ay is su##e ing3 $eath is su##e ing3 S! !', La/entati!n, ,ain, 5 ie#, and $es&ai , a e su##e ing3 n!t t!

get 'hat !ne desi es, is su##e ing3 in sh! t: the Fi0e 5 !u&s !# E+isten%e a e su##e ing( 6hat, n!', is Bi th* The bi th !# beings bel!nging t! this ! ! de !# beings, thei being b! n, thei that

%!n%e&ti!n and s& inging int!

e+isten%e, the /ani#estati!n !# the g !u&s !# e+isten%e, the a ising !# sense a%ti0ity1this is %alled Bi th( )nd 'hat is $e%ay* The de%ay !# beings bel!nging t! this ! ! de !# beings3 thei that

getting aged, # ail, g ey, and ' in-led3 the

#ailing !# thei %alled $e%ay(

0ital #! %e, the 'ea ing !ut !# the senses1this is

)nd 'hat is $eath* The &a ting and 0anishing !# beings !ut !# this ! that ! de !# beings, thei dest u%ti!n, disa&&ea an%e, death,

the %!/&leti!n !# thei

li#e1&e i!d, diss!luti!n !# the g !u&s !#

e+isten%e, the dis%a ding !# the b!dy1this is %alled $eath( )nd 'hat is S! ! !'* The s! !' a ising th !ugh this ! that l!ss

/is#! tune 'hi%h !ne en%!unte s, the '!

ying !nesel#, the state !# !'(

being ala /ed, in'a d s!

!', in'a d '!e1this is %alled S!

)nd 'hat is La/entati!n* 6hats!e0e , th !ugh this !

that l!ss !

/is#! tune 'hi%h be#alls !ne, is 'ail and la/ent, 'ailing and la/enting, the state !# '!e and la/entati!n this is %alled La/entati!n( )nd 'hat is ,ain* The b!dily &ain and un&leasantness, the &ain#ul and un&leasant #eeling & !du%ed by b!dily %!nta%t1this is %alled ,ain( )nd 'hat is 5 ie#* The /ental &ain and un&leasantness, the &ain#ul and un&leasant #eeling & !du%ed by /ental %!nta%t1this is %alled 5 ie#( )nd 'hat is $es&ai * $ist ess and des&ai that l!ss ! a ising th !ugh this !

/is#! tune 'hi%h !ne en%!unte s, dist ess#ulness, and

des&e ati!n1this is %alled $es&ai ( )nd 'hat is the 7su##e ing !# n!t getting 'hat !ne desi es*7 T! beings sub8e%t t! bi th the e %!/es the desi e: 7O that 'e 'e e n!t sub8e%t t! bi th9 O that n! ne' bi th 'as be#! e us97 Sub8e%t t! de%ay, disease, death, s! !', la/entati!n, &ain, g ie#, and

des&ai , the desi e %!/es t! the/: 7O that 'e 'e e n!t sub8e%t t! these things9 O that these things 'e e n!t be#! e us97 But this %ann!t be g!t by /e e desi ing3 and n!t t! get 'hat !ne desi es, is su##e ing( THE FI2E 5ROU,S OF E:ISTENCE )nd 'hat, in b ie#, a e the Fi0e 5 !u&s !# E+isten%e* They a e C! &! eality, Feeling, ,e %e&ti!n, C!ns%i!usness( )ny %! &! eal &hen!/en!n, 'hethe subtle, l!#ty ! l!', #a ! !ne=s !'n ! e+te nal, g !ss ! ;/ental< F! /ati!ns, and

nea , bel!ngs t! the 5 !u& !#

C! &! eality3 any #eeling bel!ngs t! the 5 !u& !# Feeling3 any

&e %e&ti!n bel!ngs t! the 5 !u& !# ,e %e&ti!n3 any /ental #! /ati!n bel!ngs t! the 5 !u& !# F! /ati!ns3 all %!ns%i!usness bel!ngs t! the 5 !u& !# C!ns%i!usness( ;Ou s!1%alled indi0idual e+isten%e is in eality n!thing but a /e e

& !%ess !# these 7b!dily and /ental7 &hen!/ena, 'hi%h sin%e i//e/! ial ti/es 'as g!ing !n be#! e !ne=s a&&a ent bi th, and 'hi%h als! a#te death 'ill %!ntinue #! i//e/! ial &e i!ds !# ti/e( In the >handhas1eithe eal

#!ll!'ing, 'e shall see that these #i0e 5 !u&s, ! ta-en se&a ately, !

%!/bined1in n! 'ay %!nstitute any

7Eg!1entity,7 and that n! Eg!1entity e+ists a&a t # !/ the/, and hen%e that the belie# in an Eg!1entity is /e ely an illusi!n( ?ust as that 'hi%h 'e designate by the na/e !# 7%ha i!t,7 has n! e+isten%e a&a t # !/ a+le, 'heels, sha#t, and s! #! th: ! /e ely a %!n0enient designati!n #! a#te as the '! d 7h!use7 is

0a i!us /ate ials &ut t!gethe

a %e tain #ashi!n s! as t! en%l!se a &! ti!n !# s&a%e, and the e

is n! se&a ate h!use1entity in e+isten%e:1in e+a%tly the sa/e 'ay, that 'hi%h 'e %all a 7being,7 ! an 7indi0idual,7 ! a 7&e s!n,7 ! by

the na/e is n!thing but a %hanging %!/binati!n !# &hysi%al and &sy%hi%al &hen!/ena, and has n! eal e+isten%e in itsel#(<

THE 7COR,ORE)LIT4 5ROU,7 OF FOUR ELE@ENTS 6hat, n!', is the 5 !u& !# C! &! eality* It is the #!u ele/ents, and C! &! eality de i0ed # !/ the/( )nd 'hat a e the #!u & i/a y ele/ents* They a e the S!lid & i/a y

Ele/ent, the Fluid Ele/ent, the Heating Ele/ent, the 2ib ating Ele/ent( ;The #!u ele/ents, ! 1t! s&ea- /! e %! e%tly1the #!u ele/enta y

.ualities !# /atte , /ay be

ende ed in English as: Ine tia, C!hesi!n,

Radiati!n, and 2ib ati!n( The t'enty1#!u %! &! eal &hen!/ena 'hi%h de&end u&!n the/ a e,

a%%! ding t! the )bhidha /a: eye, ea , n!se, t!ngue, b!dy, 0isible #! /, s!und, !d! , taste, /as%ulinity, #e/ininity, 0itality, ! gan !# thin-ing, gestu e, s&ee%h, s&a%e A%a0ities !# ea , n!se, et%(B,

agility, elasti%ity, ada&tability, g !'th, du ati!n, de%ay, 0a iability, %hange !# substan%e(< C( 6hat, n!', is the S!lid Ele/ent* The s!lid ele/ent /ay be !ne=s !'n, ! it /ay be e+te nal( )nd 'hat is !ne=s !'n s!lid ele/ent* The

de&endent & !&e ties, 'hi%h !n !ne=s !'n &e s!n and b!dy a e ha d and s!lid, as the hai s !# head and b!dy, nails, teeth, s-in, #lesh, sine's, b!nes, /a !', -idneys, hea t, li0e , dia&h ag/, s&leen, 'hate0e !the

lungs, st!/a%h, b!'els, /esente y, e+% e/ent, !

de&endent & !&e ties 'hi%h !n !ne=s !'n &e s!n and b!dy a e ha d and s!lid1this is %alled !ne=s !'n s!lid ele/ent( N!', 'hethe !'n s!lid ele/ent, ! 'hethe it be !ne=s

it be the e+te nal s!lid ele/ent, they

a e b!th !nly the s!lid ele/ent( )nd !ne sh!uld unde stand, a%%! ding t! eality, and t ue 'isd!/:

7This d!es n!t bel!ng t! /e3 this a/ I n!t3 this is n!t /y Eg!(7 D( 6hat, n!', is the Fluid Ele/ent* The #luid ele/ent /ay be !ne=s !'n, ! it /ay be e+te nal( )nd 'hat is !ne !'n #luid ele/ent*

The de&endent & !&e ties, 'hi%h !n !ne=s !'n &e s!n and b!dy a e 'ate y ! %!hesi0e, as bile, &hleg/, &us, bl!!d, s'eat, ly/&h,

tea s, se/en, s&it, nasal /u%us, !il !# the 8!ints, u ine ! 'hate0e !the de&endent & !&e ties 'hi%h !n !ne !'n &e s!n and b!dy %!hesi0e1this is %alled !ne=s !'n #luid ele/ent( N!', 'hethe it be the e+te nal

a e 'ate y ! 'hethe

it be !ne=s !'n #luid ele/ent, !

#luid ele/ent, they a e b!th !nly the #luid ele/ent( )nd !ne sh!uld unde stand, a%%! ding t! eality, and t ue 'isd!/:

7This d!es n!t bel!ng t! /e3 this a/ I n!t3 this is n!t /y Eg!(7 E( 6hat, n!', is the Heating Ele/ent* The heating ele/ent /ay be !ne !'n, ! it /ay be e+te nal( )nd 'hat is !ne=s !'n heating ele/ent* The

de&endent & !&e ties, 'hi%h !n !ne=s !'n &e s!n and b!dy a e heating and adiating, as that 'he eby !ne is heated, %!nsu/ed, s%! %hed, tasted, is

'he eby that 'hi%h has been eaten, d un-, %he'ed, ! #ully digested3 ! 'hate0e !the

de&endent & !&e ties, 'hi%h !n !ne=s adiating this is %alled !ne=s !'n

!'n &e s!n and b!dy a e heating and heating ele/ent( N!', 'hethe 'hethe

it be !ne=s !'n heating ele/ent, !

it be the e+te nal heating ele/ent, they a e b!th !nly the

heating ele/ent( )nd !ne sh!uld unde stand, a%%! ding t! eality, and t ue 'isd!/:

7This d!es n!t bel!ng t! /e3 this a/ I n!t3 this is n!t /y Eg!(7 F( 6hat, n!', is the 2ib ating Ele/ent* The 0ib ating ele/ent /ay be !ne=s !'n, ! it /ay be e+te nal( )nd 'hat is !ne=s !'n 0ib ating

ele/ent* The de&endent & !&e ties, 'hi%h !n !ne=s !'n &e s!n and b!dy a e /!bile and gase!us, as the u&'a d1g!ing and d!'n'a d1g!ing 'inds3 the 'inds !# st!/a%h and intestines3 in1b eathing and !ut1b eathing3 ! 'hate0e !the de&endent & !&e ties, 'hi%h !n

!ne=s !'n &e s!n and b!dy a e /!bile and gase!us1this is %alled !ne=s !'n 0ib ating ele/ent( N!', 'hethe ele/ent, ! 'hethe it be !ne=s !'n 0ib ating

it be the e+te nal 0ib ating ele/ent, they a e

b!th !nly the 0ib ating ele/ent( )nd !ne sh!uld unde stand, a%%! ding t! eality, and t ue 'isd!/:

7This d!es n!t bel!ng t! /e3 this a/ I n!t3 this is n!t /y Eg!(7

?ust as !ne %alls 7hut7 the %i %u/s% ibed s&a%e 'hi%h %!/es t! be by /eans !# '!!d and ushes, eeds, and %lay, e0en s! 'e %all 7b!dy7

the %i %u/s% ibed s&a%e that %!/es t! be by /eans !# b!nes and sine's, #lesh and s-in( $E,EN$ENT ORI5IN)TION OF CONSCIOUSNESS N!', th!ugh !ne=s eye be inta%t, yet i# the e+te nal #! /s d! n!t #all 'ithin the #ield !# 0isi!n, and n! %! es&!nding %!n8un%ti!n

ta-es &la%e, in that %ase the e !%%u s n! #! /ati!n !# the %! es&!nding as&e%t !# %!ns%i!usness( O , th!ugh !ne eye be inta%t,

and the e+te nal #! /s #all 'ithin the #ield !# 0isi!n, yet i# n! %! es&!nding %!n8un%ti!n ta-es &la%e, in that %ase als! the e es&!nding as&e%t !# %!ns%i!usness(

!%%u s n! #! /ati!n !# the %!

I#, h!'e0e , !ne=s eye is inta%t, and the e+te nal #! /s #all 'ithin the #ield !# 0isi!n, and the %! that %ase the e a ises the %! es&!nding %!n8un%ti!n ta-es &la%e, in es&!nding as&e%t !# %!ns%i!usness(

Hen%e, I say: the a ising !# %!ns%i!usness is de&endent u&!n %!nditi!ns3 and 'ith!ut these %!nditi!ns, n! %!ns%i!usness a ises( )nd u&!n 'hats!e0e de&endent, a#te %!nditi!ns the a ising !# %!ns%i!usness is these it is %alled(

C!ns%i!usness 'h!se a ising de&ends !n the eye and #! /s, is %alled 7eye1%!ns%i!usness(7 C!ns%i!usness 'h!se a ising de&ends !n the ea %alled 7ea 1%!ns%i!usness(7 C!ns%i!usness 'h!se a ising de&ends !n the !l#a%t! y ! gan and !d! s, is %alled 7n!se1%!ns%i!usness(7 C!ns%i!usness 'h!se a ising de&ends !n the t!ngue and taste, is %alled 7t!ngue1%!ns%i!usness(7 and s!und, is

C!ns%i!usness 'h!se a ising de&ends !n the b!dy and b!dily %!nta%ts, is %alled 7b!dy1%!ns%i!usness(7 C!ns%i!usness 'h!se a ising de&ends !n the /ind and ideas, is %alled 7/ind1%!ns%i!usness(7 6hats!e0e the e is !# 7%! &! eality7 in the %!ns%i!usness thus

a isen, that bel!ngs t! the 5 !u& !# C! &! eality( the e is !# 7#eeling71b!dily ease, &ain, 8!y, sadness, ! indi##e ent the e is !#

#eeling1bel!ngs t! the 5 !u& !# Feeling( 6hats!e0e

7&e %e&ti!n710isual !b8e%ts, s!unds, !d! s, tastes, b!dily i/& essi!ns, ! 6hats!e0e /ind !b8e%ts1bel!ngs t! the 5 !u& !# ,e %e&ti!n(

the e a e !# /ental 7#! /ati!ns7 i/& essi!n, 0!liti!n, the e is

et%(1bel!ng t! the 5 !u& !# /ental F! /ati!ns( 6hats!e0e

!# 7%!ns%i!usness7 the ein, bel!ngs t! the 5 !u& !# C!ns%i!usness( )nd it is i/&!ssible that any !ne %an e+&lain the &assing !ut !# !ne e+isten%e, and the ente ing int! a ne' e+isten%e, ! the g !'th,

in% ease, and de0el!&/ent !# %!ns%i!usness, inde&endent !# %! &! eality, #eeling, &e %e&ti!n, and /ental #! /ati!ns( THE THREE CH)R)CTERISTICS OF E:ISTENCE )ll #! /ati!ns a e 7t ansient73 all #! /ati!ns a e 7sub8e%t t! su##e ing73 all things a e 7'ith!ut an Eg!1entity(7 C! &! eality is t ansient, #eeling is t ansient, &e %e&ti!n is t ansient, /ental #! /ati!ns a e t ansient, %!ns%i!usness is t ansient( )nd that 'hi%h is t ansient, is sub8e%t t! su##e ing3 and !# that 'hi%h is t ansient, and sub8e%t t! su##e ing and %hange, !ne %ann!t ightly say: 7This bel!ngs t! /e3 this a/ I3 this is /y Eg!(7 The e#! e, 'hate0e the e be !# %! &! eality, !# #eeling, %!ns%i!usness, 'hethe !ne=s !'n

&e %e&ti!n, /ental #! /ati!ns, !

e+te nal, 'hethe

g !ss !

subtle, l!#ty !

l!', #a

nea , !ne

sh!uld unde stand, a%%! ding t!

eality, and t ue 'isd!/: 7This d!es

n!t bel!ng t! /e3 this a/ I n!t3 this is n!t /y Eg!(7 Su&&!se, a /an 'h! is n!t blind, 'e e t! beh!ld the /any bubbles !n the 5anges as they a e d i0ing al!ng3 and he sh!uld 'at%h the/, and %a e#ully e+a/ine the/( )#te a&&ea %a e#ully e+a/ining the/, they 'ill

t! hi/ e/&ty, un eal, and unsubstantial( In e+a%tly the sa/e

'ay, d!es the /!n- beh!ld all the %! &! eal &hen!/ena, #eelings, &e %e&ti!ns, /ental #! /ati!ns, and states !# %!ns%i!usness1'hethe they be !# the &ast, ! the & esent, ! the #utu e, #a , ! nea ( %a e#ully

)nd he 'at%hes the/, and e+a/ines the/ %a e#ully3 and, a#te e+a/ining the/, they a&&ea

t! hi/ e/&ty, 0!id, and 'ith!ut an Eg! #eeling, ! &e %e&ti!n, ! /ental

6h!s! delights in %! &! eality, ! #! /ati!ns, !

%!ns%i!usness, he delights in su##e ing3 and 'h!s!

delights in su##e ing, 'ill n!t be # eed # !/ su##e ing( Thus I say H!' %an y!u #ind delight and /i th, 6he e the e is bu ning 'ith!ut end* In dee&est da -ness y!u a e ' a&&ed9 6hy d! y!u n!t see- #! the light* igged,

L!!- at this &u&&et he e, 'ell ) hea& !# /any s! es, &iled u&,

$iseased, and #ull !# g eediness, Unstable, and i/&e /anent9 $e0!u ed by !ld age is this # a/e, ) & ey !# si%-ness, 'ea- and # ail3 T! &ie%es b ea-s this &ut id b!dy, )ll li#e /ust t uly end in death(

THE THREE 6)RNIN5S $id y!u ne0e see in the '! ld a /an, ! a '!/an, eighty, ninety, ! !!#, bent d!'n,

a hund ed yea s !ld, # ail, % !!-ed as a gable

esting !n % ut%hes, 'ith t!tte ing ste&s, in#i /, y!uth l!ng sin%e #led, 'ith b !-en teeth, g ey and s%anty hai , ! bald1headed, %!/e t! y!u

' in-led, 'ith bl!t%hed li/bs* )nd did the th!ught ne0e

that als! y!u a e sub8e%t t! de%ay, that als! y!u %ann!t es%a&e it* $id y!u ne0e see in the '! ld a /an, ! a '!/an, 'h! being si%-,

a##li%ted, and g ie0!usly ill, and 'all!'ing in his !'n #ilth, 'as li#ted u& by s!/e &e!&le, and &ut t! bed by !the s* )nd did the th!ught ne0e %!/e t! y!u that als! y!u a e sub8e%t t! disease, that

als! y!u %ann!t es%a&e it* $id y!u ne0e ! t'!, ! see in the '! ld the %! &se !# a /an, ! a '!/an, !ne,

th ee days a#te

death, s'!llen u&, blue1bla%- in %!l! , %!/e t! y!u that

and #ull !# %!

u&ti!n* )nd did the th!ught ne0e

als! y!u a e sub8e%t t! death, that als! y!u %ann!t es%a&e it* S)@S)R), THE 6HEEL OF E:ISTENCE In%!n%ei0able is the beginning !# this Sa/sa a3 n!t t! be dis%!0e ed is any #i st beginning !# beings, 'h!, !bst u%ted by ign! an%e, and ensna ed by % a0ing, a e hu !# ebi ths( ;Sa/sa a1the 6heel !# E+isten%e, lit(, the 7,e &etual 6ande ing71is the na/e by 'hi%h is designated the sea !# li#e e0e estlessly hea0ing u& and d!'n, the sy/b!l !# this %!ntinu!us & !%ess !# e0e again and again being b! n, g !'ing !ld, su##e ing, ying and hastening th !ugh this !und

and dying( @! e & e%isely ,ut: Sa/sa a is the unb !-en %hain !# the #i0e#!ld >handha1%!/binati!ns, 'hi%h, %!nstantly %hanging # !/

/!/ent t! /!/ent, #!ll!' %!ntinu!usly !ne u&!n the !the

th !ugh

in%!n%ei0able &e i!ds !# ti/e( O# this Sa/sa a, a single li#eti/e %!nstitutes !nly a 0anishingly tiny # a%ti!n3 hen%e, t! be able t! %!/& ehend the #i st n!ble t uth, !ne /ust let !ne=s ga"e the Sa/sa a, u&!n this # ight#ul %hain !# est u&!n

ebi ths, and n!t /e ely

u&!n !ne single li#eti/e, 'hi%h, !# %!u se, /ay be s!/eti/es n!t 0e y &ain#ul(< 6hi%h d! y!u thin- is the /! e: the #l!!d !# tea s, 'hi%h 'ee&ing and 'ailing y!u ha0e shed u&!n this l!ng 'ay1hu th !ugh this !und !# ying and hastening

ebi ths, united 'ith the undesi ed, se&a ated the 'ate s !# the #!u !%eans* and /!the , !# s!ns,

# !/ the desi ed this, !

L!ng ti/e ha0e y!u su##e ed the death !# #athe

daughte s, b !the s, and siste s( )nd 'hilst y!u 'e e thus su##e ing, y!u ha0e, 0e ily, shed /! e tea s u&!n this l!ng 'ay than the e is 'ate in the #!u !%eans(

6hi%h d! y!u thin- is the /! e: the st ea/s !# bl!!d that, th !ugh y!u being beheaded, ha0e #l!'ed u&!n this l!ng 'ay, ! !%eans* high'ay/en, ! the 'ate s

in the #!u

L!ng ti/e ha0e y!u been %aught as da%!its, ! adulte e s3 and, th !ugh y!u

being beheaded, 0e ily, /! e bl!!d has in the #!u !%eans(

#l!'ed u&!n this l!ng 'ay than the e is 'ate But h!' is this &!ssible*

In%!n%ei0able is the beginning !# this Sa/sa a3 n!t t! be dis%!0e ed is any #i st beginning !# beings, 'h!, !bst u%ted by ign! an%e, and ensna ed by % a0ing, a e hu !# ebi ths( )nd thus ha0e y!u l!ng ti/e unde g!ne su##e ing, unde g!ne ying and hastening th !ugh this !und

t! /ent, unde g!ne /is#! tune, and #illed the g a0eya ds #ull3 0e ily, l!ng en!ugh t! be dissatis#ied 'ith all the #! /s !# e+isten%e, l!ng en!ugh t! tu n a'ay, and # ee y!u sel0es # !/ the/ all( SECON$ TRUTH THE NOBLE TRUTH OF THE ORI5IN OF SUFFERIN5 6H)T, n!', is the N!ble T uth !# the O igin !# Su##e ing* It is that % a0ing 'hi%h gi0es ise t! # esh ebi th, and, b!und u& 'ith &leasu e # esh delight(

and lust, n!' he e, n!' the e, #inds e0e ;In the abs!lute sense, it is n! un%hangeable, Eg!1entity that is that e/ains the sa/e e0en #!

eal being, n! sel#1dete /ined, eb! n( @! e!0e , the e is n!thing the Fi0e

t'! %!nse%uti0e /!/ents3 #!

>handhas, !

5 !u&s !# E+isten%e, a e in a state !# &e &etual ene'al( They die e0e y /!/ent,

%hange, !# %!ntinual diss!luti!n and

and e0e y /!/ent ne' !nes a e b! n( Hen%e it #!ll!'s that the e is n! su%h thing as a eal e+isten%e, ! 7being7 ALatin esseB, but !nly

as it 'e e an endless & !%ess, a %!ntinu!us %hange, a 7be%!/ing,7 %!nsisting in a 7& !du%ing,7 and in a 7being & !du%ed73 in a 7& !%ess !# a%ti!n,7 and in a 7& !%ess !# ea%ti!n,7 ! 7 ebi th(7

This & !%ess !# &e &etual 7& !du%ing7 and 7being & !du%ed7 /ay best be %!/&a ed 'ith an !%ean 'a0e( In the %ase !# a 'a0e, the e is n!t the slightest .uantity !# 'ate t a0eling !0e the su #a%e !# the su #a%e !#

the sea( But the 'a0e st u%tu e, that hastens !0e

the 'ate , % eating the a&&ea an%e !# !ne and the sa/e /ass !# 'ate , is, in eality, n!thing but the %!ntinu!us ising and #alling

!# %!ntinu!us, but .uite di##e ent, /asses !# 'ate , & !du%ed by the t ans/issi!n !# #! %e gene ated by the 'ind( E0en s!, the Buddha did n!t tea%h that Eg!1entities hasten th !ugh the !%ean !# ebi th, but

/e ely li#e1'a0es, 'hi%h, a%%! ding t! thei Ag!!d, ! e0ilB,

natu e and a%ti0ities

/ani#est the/sel0es he e as /en, the e as ani/als,

and else'he e as in0isible beings(< THE THREEFOL$ CR)2IN5 The e is the 7Sensual C a0ing,7 the 7C a0ing #! Ete nal1)nnihilati!n(7 E+isten%e,7 the 7C a0ing #! Sel#1)nnihilati!n(7 ;The 7C a0ing #! Ete nal E+isten%e,7 a%%! ding t! the

2isuddhi1@agga, is inti/ately %!nne%ted 'ith the s!1%alled Ete nity1Belie#,7 i(e(, the belie# in an abs!lute, ete nal, Eg!1entity &e sisting inde&endently !# !u The C a0ing #! b!dy(

Sel#1)nnihilati!n is the !ut%!/e !# the s!1%alled

7)nnihilati!n1Belie#,7 the delusi0e /ate ialisti% n!ti!n !# an Eg! 'hi%h is annihilated at death, and 'hi%h d!es n!t stand in any %ausal elati!n 'ith the ti/e be#! e bi th ! a#te death(< in the

But, 'he e d!es this % a0ing a ise and ta-e

!!t* 6he e0e

'! ld the e a e delight#ul and &leasu able things, the e this % a0ing a ises and ta-es !!t( Eye, ea , n!se, t!ngue, b!dy, and /ind,

a e delight#ul and &leasu able: the e this % a0ing a ises and ta-es !!t( 2isual !b8e%ts, s!unds, s/ells, tastes, b!dily i/& essi!ns, and /ind1!b8e%ts, a e delight#ul and &leasu able: the e this % a0ing a ises and ta-es !!t(

C!ns%i!usness, sense i/& essi!n, #eeling b! n !# sense i/& essi!n, &e %e&ti!n, 'ill, % a0ing, thin-ing, and e#le%ting, a e delight#ul !!t(

and &leasu able: the e this % a0ing a ises and ta-es

I#, na/ely, 'hen &e %ei0ing a 0isual !b8e%t, a s!und, !d! , taste,

b!dily i/& essi!n, !

a /ind !b8e%t, the !b8e%t is &leasant, !ne is e&elled(

att a%ted3 and i# un&leasant, !ne is Thus, 'hate0e un&leasant, !

-ind !# 7Feeling7 !ne e+&e ien%es, &leasant, indi##e ent1!ne a&& !0es !#, and %he ishes the #eeling,

and %lings t! it3 and 'hile d!ing s!, lust s& ings u&3 but lust #! #eelings, /eans Clinging3 and !n Clinging, de&ends the 7, !%ess !# Be%!/ing73 !n the , !%ess !# Be%!/ing A#utu eB S! A>a /a1& !%essB, de&ends

7Bi th73 and de&endent !n Bi th, a e $e%ay and $eath,

!', La/entati!n, ,ain, 5 ie#, and $es&ai ( Thus a ises this

'h!le /ass !# su##e ing( This is %alled the N!ble T uth !# the O igin !# Su##e ing( HE),IN5 U, OF ,RESENT SUFFERIN5 2e ily, due t! sensu!us % a0ing, %!nditi!ned th !ugh sensu!us % a0ing, i/&elled by sensu!us % a0ing, enti ely /!0ed by sensu!us % a0ing, -ings #ight 'ith -ings, & in%es 'ith & in%es, & iests 'ith & iests, %iti"ens 'ith %iti"ens3 the /!the s!n 'ith the /!the , the #athe b !the .ua .ua els 'ith the s!n, the

'ith the s!n, the s!n 'ith the #athe 3 'ith siste , siste 'ith eling and 'ea&!ns(

els 'ith b !the , b !the

b !the , # iend 'ith # iend( Thus, gi0en t! dissensi!n, .ua #ighting, they #all u&!n !ne an!the )nd the eby they su##e death ! 'ith #ists, sti%-s, !

deadly &ain(

)nd #u the , due t! sensu!us % a0ing, %!nditi!ned th !ugh sensu!us % a0ing, i/&elled by sensu!us % a0ing, enti ely /!0ed by sensu!us % a0ing, &e!&le b ea- int! h!uses, %!//it high'ay !b, &lunde , &illage 'h!le h!uses, ule s

!bbe y, sedu%e the 'i0es !# !the s( Then, the

ha0e su%h &e!&le %aught, and in#li%t !n the/ 0a i!us #! /s !# &unish/ent( )nd the eby they in%u death ! deadly &ain( N!', this

is the /ise y !# sensu!us % a0ing, the hea&ing u& !# su##e ing in this & esent li#e, due t! sensu!us % a0ing, %!nditi!ned th !ugh sensu!us % a0ing, %aused by sensu!us % a0ing, enti ely de&endent !n sensu!us % a0ing( HE),IN5 U, OF FUTURE SUFFERIN5 )nd #u the , &e!&le ta-e the e0il 'ay in deeds, the e0il 'ay in '! ds, the e0il 'ay in th!ughts3 and by ta-ing the e0il 'ay in deeds, '! ds, and th!ughts, at the diss!luti!n !# the b!dy, a#te death, they #all int! a d!'n'a d state !# e+isten%e, a state !# su##e ing, int! &e diti!n, and the abyss !# hell( But, this is the /ise y !# sensu!us % a0ing, the hea&ing u& !# su##e ing in the #utu e li#e, due t! sensu!us % a0ing, %!nditi!ned th !ugh sensu!us % a0ing, %aused by sensu!us % a0ing, enti ely de&endent !n sensu!us % a0ing( N!t in the ai , n! N! !%ean1/idst,

hidden in the /!untain %le#ts,

N!'he e is #!und a &la%e !n ea th, 6he e /an is # eed # !/ e0il deeds( INHERIT)NCE OF $EE$S F! , !'ne s !# thei thei thei deeds3 thei deeds A-a /aB A>)R@)B

a e the beings, hei s !#

deeds a e the '!/b # !/ 'hi%h they s& ang3 'ith deeds a e thei e#uge(

deeds they a e b!und u&3 thei deeds they d!1g!!d !

6hate0e

e0il1!# su%h they 'ill be the hei s( deeds

)nd 'he e0e 'ill

the beings s& ing int! e+isten%e, the e thei thei deeds

i&en3 and 'he e0e

i&en, the e they 'ill ea n the be it in the ne+t

# uits !# th!se deeds, be it in this li#e, ! li#e, ! be it in any !the #utu e li#e(

The e 'ill %!/e a ti/e, 'hen the /ighty !%ean 'ill d y u&, 0anish, and be n! /! e( The e 'ill %!/e a ti/e, 'hen the /ighty ea th 'ill be de0!u ed by #i e, &e ish, and be n! /! e( But, yet the e 'ill be n! end t! the su##e ing !# beings, 'h!, !bst u%ted by ign! an%e, and ensna ed by % a0ing, a e hu !# ebi ths( THIR$ TRUTH THE NOBLE TRUTH OF THE E:TINCTION OF SUFFERIN5 6H)T, n!', is the N!ble T uth !# the E+tin%ti!n !# Su##e ing* It is the %!/&lete #ading a'ay and e+tin%ti!n !# this % a0ing, its #! sa-ing and gi0ing u&, the libe ati!n and deta%h/ent # !/ it( But 'he e /ay this % a0ing 0anish, 'he e /ay it be e+tinguished* 6he e0e in the '! ld the e a e delight#ul and &leasu able things, ying and hastening th !ugh this !und

the e this % a0ing /ay 0anish, the e it /ay be e+tinguished( Be it in the &ast, & esent, ! & iests #utu e, 'h!s!e0e !# the /!n-s !

ega ds the delight#ul and &leasu able things in the '! ld

as 7i/&e /anent,7 7/ise able,7 and 7'ith!ut an Eg!,7 as a disease and %an%e 3 it is he 'h! !0e %!/es the % a0ing( )nd eleased # !/ Sensual C a0ing, eleased # !/ the C a0ing #! again int! e+isten%e(

E+isten%e, he d!es n!t

etu n, d!es n!t ente

$E,EN$ENT E:TINCTION OF )LL ,HENO@EN) F! , th !ugh the t!tal #ading a'ay and e+tin%ti!n !# C a0ing, Clinging is e+tinguished3 th !ugh the e+tin%ti!n !# %linging, the , !%ess !# Be%!/ing is e+tinguished3 th !ugh the e+tin%ti!n !# the A-a /i%B & !%ess !# be%!/ing, Rebi th is e+tinguished3 and th !ugh ebi th, $e%ay and $eath, S! !', La/entati!n,

the e+tin%ti!n !#

Su##e ing, 5 ie#, and $es&ai , a e e+tinguished( Thus %!/es ab!ut

the e+tin%ti!n !# this 'h!le /ass !# su##e ing( Hen%e, the annihilati!n, %essati!n, and !0e %!/ing !# %! &! eality, #eeling, &e %e&ti!n, /ental #! /ati!ns, and %!ns%i!usness, this is the e+tin%ti!n !# su##e ing, the end !# disease, the !0e %!/ing !# !ld age and death( ;The undulat! y /!ti!n, 'hi%h 'e %all 'a0e1'hi%h in the s&e%tat! % eates the illusi!n !# a single /ass !# 'ate /!0ing !0e the su #a%e

!# the la-e1is & !du%ed and #ed by the 'ind, and /aintained by the st! ed1u& ene gies( )#te the 'ind has %eased, and n! # esh 'ind again

'hi&s u& the 'ate , the st! ed1u& ene gies 'ill g adually be %!nsu/ed, and the 'h!le undulat! y /!ti!n %!/e t! an end( Si/ila ly, i# #i e d!es n!t get ne' #uel, it 'ill be%!/e e+tin%t( 8ust s!, this Fi0e1>handha1& !%ess1'hi%h, in the ign! ant '! ldling, % eates the illusi!n !# an Eg!1entity1is & !du%ed and #ed by the li#e1a##i /ing % a0ing, and /aintained #! li#e1ene gies( N!', a#te s!/e ti/e by /eans !# the st! ed1u& the #uel, i(e(, the % a0ing and %linging

t! li#e, has %eased, and n! ne' % a0ing i/&els again this Fi0e1>handha1& !%ess, li#e 'ill %!ntinue as l!ng as the e a e still li#e1ene gies st! ed u&, but at thei Fi0e1>handha1& !%ess 'ill Thus, ni 0ana ! be%!/e e+tin%tB, dest u%ti!n at death, the

ea%h #inal e+tin%ti!n( ASans- it: t! %ease bl!'ing, t! t'! as&e%ts:

7E+tin%ti!n7

/ay be %!nside ed unde

C( 7E+tin%ti!n !# I/&u ities,7 ) ahatshi&, !

ea%hed at the attain/ent !#

H!liness, 'hi%h ta-es &la%e du ing the li#e1ti/e(

D( 7E+tin%ti!n !# the Fi0e1>handha1& !%ess,7 'hi%h ta-es &la%e at the death !# the ) ahat(< NIR2)N)

This, t uly, is the ,ea%e, this is the Highest, na/ely the end !# all #! /ati!ns, the #! sa-ing !# e0e y subst atu/ !# ebi th, the

#ading a'ay !# % a0ing: deta%h/ent, e+tin%ti!n1Ni 0ana( En a&tu ed 'ith lust, en aged 'ith ange , blinded by delusi!n, !0e 'hel/ed, 'ith /ind ensna ed, /an ai/s at his !'n !the s= uin, at the uin, at

uin !# b!th &a ties, and he e+&e ien%es /ental

&ain and g ie#( But, i# lust, ange , and delusi!n a e gi0en u&, /an ai/s neithe at his !'n uin, n! at !the s= uin, n! at the uin

!# b!th &a ties, and he e+&e ien%es n! /ental &ain and g ie#( Thus is Ni 0ana i//ediate, 0isible in this li#e, in0iting, att a%ti0e, and %!/& ehensible t! the 'ise( The e+tin%ti!n !# g eed, the e+tin%ti!n !# ange , the e+tin%ti!n !# delusi!n: this, indeed, is %alled Ni 0ana( THE )R)H)T, OR HOL4 ONE )nd #! a dis%i&le thus # eed, in 'h!se hea t d'ells &ea%e, the e is e/ains #!

n!thing t! be added t! 'hat has been d!ne, and naught /! e hi/ t! d!( ?ust as a 'ind, e0en s!, neithe !%- !# !ne s!lid /ass #! /s, n! s!unds, n!

e/ains unsha-en by the !d! s, n! tastes, n!

%!nta%ts !# any -ind, neithe

the desi ed, n!

the undesi ed, %an

%ause su%h an !ne t! 'a0e ( Stead#ast is his /ind, gained is deli0e an%e( )nd he 'h! has %!nside ed all the %!nt asts !n this ea th, and is n! /! e distu bed by anything 'hate0e # eed # !/ age, # !/ s! in the '! ld, the ,ea%e#ul One,

!', and # !/ l!nging, he has &assed bey!nd

bi th and de%ay( THE I@@UT)BLE The e is a eal/, 'he e the e is neithe the s!lid, n! the #luid,

neithe neithe

heat, n! sun, n!

/!ti!n, neithe

this '! ld, n!

any !the

'! ld,

/!!n( This I %all neithe

a ising, n!

&assing

a'ay, neithe neithe

standing still n!

being b! n, n!

dying( The e is

#!!th!ld, n!

de0el!&/ent, n!

any basis( This is the end !#

su##e ing( The e is an Unb! n, Un! iginated, Un% eated, Un#! /ed( I# the e 'e e n!t this Unb! n, this Un! iginated, this Un% eated, this Un#! /ed, es%a&e # !/ the '! ld !# the b! n, the ! iginated, the % eated, the #! /ed, '!uld n!t be &!ssible( But sin%e the e is an Unb! n, Un! iginated, Un% eated, Un#! /ed, the e#! e is es%a&e &!ssible # !/ the '! ld !# the b! n, the ! iginated, the % eated, the #! /ed( FOURTH TRUTH THE NOBLE TRUTH OF THE ,)TH TH)T LE)$S TO THE E:TINCTION OF SUFFERIN5 THE T6O E:TRE@ES )N$ THE @I$$LE ,)TH TO 5I2E !nesel# u& t! indulgen%e in sensual &leasu e, the base, %!//!n, 0ulga , unh!ly, un& !#itable3 and als! t! gi0e !nesel# u& t! sel#1/! ti#i%ati!n, the &ain#ul, unh!ly, un& !#itable: b!th these t'! e+t e/es the ,e #e%t One has a0!ided, and #!und !ut the @iddle ,ath, 'hi%h /a-es !ne b!th t! see and t! -n!', 'hi%h leads t! &ea%e, t! dis%e n/ent, t! enlighten/ent, t! Ni 0ana( THE EI5HTFOL$ ,)TH It is the N!ble Eight#!ld ,ath, the 'ay that leads t! the e+tin%ti!n !# su##e ing, na/ely: C( Right Unde standing, D( Right @indedness, 'hi%h t!gethe 6isd!/( a e

E( Right S&ee%h, F( Right )%ti!n, 5( Right Li0ing, 'hi%h t!gethe a e @! ality( G( Right E##! t, H( Right )ttenti0eness, I( Right C!n%ent ati!n, 'hi%h t!gethe a e C!n%ent ati!n(

This is the @iddle ,ath 'hi%h the ,e #e%t One has #!und !ut, 'hi%h /a-es !ne b!th t! see and t! -n!', 'hi%h leads t! &ea%e, t! dis%e n/ent, t! enlighten/ent, t! Ni 0ana( F ee # !/ &ain and t! tu e is this &ath, # ee # !/ g !aning and su##e ing3 it is the &e #e%t &ath( T uly, li-e this &ath the e is n! !the &ath t! the &u ity !#

insight( I# y!u #!ll!' this &ath, y!u 'ill &ut an end t! su##e ing( But ea%h !ne has t! st uggle #! &!inted !ut the 'ay( 5i0e ea then, #! the I//! tal is #!und( I e0eal, I set #! th hi/sel#, the ,e #e%t Ones ha0e !nly

the T uth( )s I h!ly li#e, #!

e0eal it t! y!u, s! a%t9 )nd that su& e/e g!al !# the the sa-e !# 'hi%h, s!ns !# g!!d #a/ilies ightly g!

#! th # !/ h!/e t! the h!/eless state: this y!u 'ill, in n! l!ng ti/e, in this 0e y li#e, /a-e -n!'n t! y!u sel#, THE EI5HTFOL$ ,)TH FIRST STE, RI5HT UN$ERST)N$IN5 6H)T, n!', is Right Unde standing* It is unde standing the F!u T uths( T! unde stand su##e ing3 t! unde stand the ! igin !# su##e ing3 t! unde stand the e+tin%ti!n !# su##e ing3 t! unde stand the &ath that leads t! the e+tin%ti!n !# su##e ing: This is %alled Right Unde standing O , 'hen the n!ble dis%i&le unde stands 'hat is -a /i%ally eali"e, and /a-e y!u !'n(

'h!les!/e, and the un'h!les!/e, and the Unde standing(

!!t !# 'h!les!/e -a /a3 'hat is -a /i%ally !!t !# un'h!les!/e -a /a, then he has Right

;7>a /i%ally un'h!les!/e7 is e0e y 0!liti!nal a%t !# b!dy, s&ee%h, ! /ind 'hi%h is !!ted in g eed, hat ed, ! esults in this ! delusi!n, and & !du%es

e0il and &ain#ul

any #utu e #! / !# e+isten%e(<

6hat, n!', is 7-a /i%ally un'h!les!/e*7 In B!dily )%ti!n it is dest u%ti!n !# li0ing beings3 stealing3 and unla'#ul se+ual inte %!u se( In 2e bal )%ti!n it is lying3 tale1bea ing3 ha sh language3 and # i0!l!us tal-( In @ental )%ti!n it is %!0et!usness3 ill1'ill3 and ' !ng 0ie's( )nd 'hat is the !!t !# un'h!les!/e -a /a* 5 eed is a is a !!t !#

un'h!les!/e -a /a3 )nge

!!t !# un'h!les!/e -a /a3 $elusi!n is a

!!t !# un'h!les!/e -a /a( ;The state !# g eed, as 'ell as that !# ange , is al'ays a%%!/&anied by delusi!n3 and delusi!n, ign! an%e, is the & i/a y e0il(< The e#! e, I say, these de/e it! i!us a%ti!ns a e !# th ee -inds: eithe due t! g eed, ! due t! ange , ! due t! delusi!n( !!t !# all

6hat, n!', is 7-a /i%ally 'h!les!/e*7 In B!dily )%ti!n it is t! abstain # !/ -illing3 t! abstain # !/ stealing3 and t! abstain # !/ unla'#ul se+ual inte %!u se( In 2e bal )%ti!n it is t! abstain # !/ lying3 t! abstain # !/ tale1bea ing3 t! abstain # !/ ha sh language3 and t! abstain # !/ # i0!l!us tal-( In @ental )%ti!n it is absen%e !# %!0et!usness3 absen%e !# ill1'ill3 and ight unde standing(

)nd 'hat is the Aunsel#ishnessB Abene0!len%eB A'isd!/B is a

!!t !# 'h!les!/e -a /a* )bsen%e !# g eed is a !!t !# 'h!les!/e -a /a3 absen%e !# ange !!t !# 'h!les!/e -a /a3 absen%e !# delusi!n

is a

!!t !# 'h!les!/e -a /a(

O , 'hen !ne unde stands that %! &! eality, #eeling, &e %e&ti!n, /ental #! /ati!n, and %!ns%i!usness, a e t ansient su##e ing, and 'ith!ut an Eg!<, Unde standing( UN,ROFIT)BLE JUESTIONS Sh!uld any!ne say that he d!es n!t 'ish t! lead the h!ly li#e unde the Blessed One, unless the Blessed One #i st tells hi/, 'hethe te/&! al, #inite ! in#inite3 'hethe the li#e ;sub8e%t t!

als! in that %ase !ne &!ssesses Right

the '! ld is ete nal !

& in%i&le is identi%al 'ith the b!dy, ! 'hethe the ,e #e%t One %!ntinues a#te

s!/ething di##e ent3 death, and s! !n su%h a /an

'!uld die, e e the ,e #e%t One %!uld tell hi/ all this( It is as i# a /an 'e e &ie %ed by a &!is!ned a %!/&ani!ns, ! nea elati!ns, sh!uld send #! !', and his # iends,

a su ge!n3 but that /an

sh!uld say: 7I 'ill n!t ha0e this a

!' &ulled !ut, until I -n!' 'h! he is a n!ble, a & iest, a

the /an is that has '!unded /e: 'hethe %iti"en, !

a se 0ant73 ! : 7'hat his na/e is, and t! 'hat #a/ily he he is tall, ! sh! t, ! !# /ediu/ height(7

bel!ngs73 ! : 7'hethe

2e ily, su%h a /an '!uld die, e e he %!uld ade.uately lea n all this( The e#! e, the /an 'h! see-s his !'n 'el#a e, sh!uld &ull !ut this a !'1this a F! , 'hethe !' !# la/entati!n, &ain, and s! the the! y e+ists, ! te/&! al, ! 'hethe !'( it d!es n!t e+ist, that in#inite1%e tainly, !', la/entati!n,

the '! ld is ete nal, !

#inite, !

the e is bi th, the e is de%ay, the e is death, s!

&ain, g ie#, and des&ai , the e+tin%ti!n !# 'hi%h, attainable e0en in this & esent li#e, I /a-e -n!'n unt! y!u( The e is, #! instan%e, an unlea ned '! ldling, 0!id !# ega d #!

h!ly /en, ign! ant !# the tea%hing !# h!ly /en, unt ained in the n!ble d!%t ine( )nd his hea t is &!ssessed and !0e %!/e by Sel#1Illusi!n, by S-e&ti%is/, by atta%h/ent t! /e e Rule and Ritual, by Sensual Lust, and by 'ill3 and h!' t! # ee hi/sel# # !/ these things, he d!es n!t eally -n!'( ;Sel#1Illusi!n /ay e0eal itsel# as 7Ete nalis/7 ! Ete nity1belie#7

i(e(, the belie# that !ne=s Eg! is e+isting inde&endently !# the /ate ial b!dy, and %!ntinuing e0en a#te latte 3 ! as 7)nnihilati!nis/,7 ! the diss!luti!n !# the

7)nnihilati!n1belie#7 i(e(, the

/ate ialisti% belie# that this & esent li#e %!nstitutes the Eg!, and hen%e that it is annihilated at the death !# the /ate ial b!dy(< N!t -n!'ing 'hat is '! thy !# %!nside ati!n, and 'hat is un'! thy !# %!nside ati!n, he %!nside s the un'! thy, and n!t the '! thy( )nd un'isely he %!nside s thus: 7Ha0e I been in the &ast* O ( ha0e I n!t been in the &ast* 6hat ha0e I been in the &ast* H!' ha0e I been in the &ast* F !/ 'hat state int! 'hat state did I %hange in the &ast*1Shall I be in the #utu e* O , shall I n!t be in the #utu e* 6hat shall I be in the #utu e* H!' shall I be in the #utu e* F !/ 'hat state int! 'hat state shall I %hange in the #utu e*7 )nd the & esent als! #ills hi/ 'ith d!ubt: 7)/ I* O , a/ I n!t* 6hat a/ I* H!' a/ I* This being, 'hen%e has it %!/e* 6hithe 'ill it g!*7 !the !#

)nd 'ith su%h un'ise %!nside ati!ns, he #alls int! !ne !

the si+ 0ie's, and it be%!/es his %!n0i%ti!n and #i / belie#: 7I ha0e an Eg!73 ! : 7I ha0e n! Eg!73 ! : 76ith the Eg! I &e %ei0e the

Eg!73 ! : 76ith that 'hi%h is n! Eg!, I &e %ei0e the Eg!73 ! : 76ith the Eg! I &e %ei0e that 'hi%h is n! Eg!( O , he #alls int! the #!ll!'ing 0ie': 7This /y Eg!, 'hi%h %an thin- and #eel, and 'hi%h, n!' he e, n!' the e, e+&e ien%es the # uit !# g!!d and e0il deeds3 this /y Eg! is &e /anent, stable, ete nal, n!t sub8e%t t! %hange, and 'ill thus ete nally I# the e e/ain the sa/e(7

eally e+isted the Eg!, the e '!uld be als! s!/ething 'hi%h eality, neithe the

bel!nged t! the Eg!( )s, h!'e0e , in t uth and Eg!, n! the e#! e

anything bel!nging t! the Eg!, %an be #!und, is it n!t eally an utte #!!l=s d!%t ine t! say: 7This is the death, I shall be &e /anent, &e sisting, and

'! ld, this a/ I3 a#te ete nal*7

These a e %alled /e e 0ie's, a thi%-et !# 0ie's, a &u&&et sh!' !# 0ie's, a t!il !# 0ie's, a sna e !# 0ie's3 and ensna ed in the #ette !# 0ie's, the ign! ant '! ldling 'ill n!t be # eed # !/ # !/ de%ay, and # !/ death, # !/ s! ebi th,

!', &ain, g ie#, and des&ai 3

he 'ill n!t be # eed, I say, # !/ su##e ing( THE SOT),)N, OR 7STRE)@1ENTERER7 The lea ned and n!ble dis%i&le, h!'e0e , 'h! has ega d #! h!ly

/en, -n!'s the tea%hing !# h!ly /en, is 'ell t ained in the n!ble d!%t ine, he unde stands 'hat is '! thy !# %!nside ati!n, and 'hat is un'! thy( )nd -n!'ing this, he %!nside s the '! thy, and n!t the un'! thy( 6hat su##e ing is, he 'isely %!nside s( 6hat the ! igin !# su##e ing is, he 'isely %!nside s3 'hat the e+tin%ti!n !# su##e ing is, he 'isely %!nside s3 'hat the &ath is that leads t! the e+tin%ti!n !# su##e ing, he 'isely %!nside s( )nd by thus %!nside ing, th ee #ette s 0anish, na/ely:

Sel#1illusi!n, S-e&ti%is/, and )tta%h/ent t! /e e Rule and Ritual( But th!se dis%i&les in 'h!/ these th ee #ette s ha0e 0anished ha0e 7ente ed the St ea/,7 ha0e #! e0e a e assu ed !# #inal enlighten/ent( @! e than any ea thly &!'e , @! e than all the 8!ys !# hea0en, @! e than ule !=e all the '! ld, es%a&ed the states !# '!e, and

Is the Ent an%e t! the St ea/( )nd, 0e ily, th!se 'h! a e #illed 'ith unsha-en #aith in /e, all th!se ha0e ente ed the st ea/( The e a e ten 7Fette s7 by 'hi%h beings a e b!und t! the 'heel !# e+isten%e( They a e: Sel#1Illusi!n, S-e&ti%is/, )tta%h/ent t! /e e Rule and Ritual, Sensual Lust, Ill1'ill, C a0ing #! F! /, C a0ing #! Ign! an%e( ) S!ta&an, ! 7St ea/1Ente e 7 i(e( 7!ne 'h! has ente ed the the 6! ld !# &u e

the F! /less 6! ld, C!n%eit, Restlessness,

st ea/ leading t! Ni 0ana,7 is # ee # !/ the #i st th ee #ette s( ) Sa-adaga/in, ! 7On%e1Retu ned71na/ely t! this sensu!us s&he e1has g !sse #! /( )n )naga/in,

!0e %!/e the Fth and 5th #ette s in thei !

7N!n1Retu ne ,7 is 'h!lly # eed # !/ the #i st #i0e #ette s, ebi th in the sensu!us s&he e3 a#te death, 'hilst

'hi%h bind t!

li0ing in the s&he e !# &u e #! /, he 'ill ) ahat, !

ea%h the g!al( )n

&e #e%tly 7H!ly One,7 is # eed # !/ all #ette s(< THE T6O UN$ERST)N$IN5S

The e#! e, I say, Right Unde standing is !# t'! -inds: C( The 0ie' that al/s and !##e ings a e n!t useless3 that the e is # uit and esult, b!th !# g!!d and bad a%ti!ns3 that the e a e su%h

things as this li#e, and the ne+t li#e3 that #athe s&!ntane!usly b! n beings Ain the hea0enly '! ldsB

and /!the

as

a e n! /e e

'! ds3 that the e a e /!n-s and & iests 'h! a e s&!tless and &e #e%t, 'h! %an e+&lain this li#e and the ne+t li#e, 'hi%h they the/sel0es ha0e unde st!!d: this is %alled the 7@undane Right Unde standing,7 'hi%h yields '! ldly # uits, and b ings g!!d D( But 'hats!e0e the e is !# 'isd!/, !# &enet ati!n, !# esults( ight

unde standing, %!n8!ined 'ith the ,ath1the /ind being tu ned a'ay # !/ the '! ld, and %!n8!ined 'ith the &ath, the h!ly &ath being tu ned a'ay # !/ the '! ld, and %!n8!ined 'ith the &ath, the h!ly &ath being &u sued31this is %alled the 7Ult a/undane Right Unde standing,7 'hi%h is n!t !# the '! ld, but is ult a/undane, and %!n8!ined 'ith the ,ath( ;Thus, the e a e t'! -inds !# the Eight#!ld ,ath: the 7/undane,7 & a%ti%ed by the 7'! ldling73 and the 7ult a1/undane,7 & a%ti%ed by the 7N!ble Ones(7< N!', in unde standing ' !ng unde standing as ' !ng, and unde standing as ight, !ne & a%ti%es Right Unde standing ight ;Cst ste&<3

and in /a-ing e##! ts t! !0e %!/e ' !ng unde standing, and t! a !use ight unde standing, !ne & a%ti%es( Right E##! t ;Gth ste&<3

and in !0e %!/ing ' !ng unde standing 'ith attenti0e /ind, and d'elling 'ith attenti0e /ind in the &!ssessi!n !# !ne & a%ti%es Right1)ttenti0eness ;Hth ste&<( ight unde standing,

Hen%e, the e a e th ee

things that a%%!/&any and #!ll!' u&!n ight unde standing, ight e##! t, and

ight unde standing, na/ely: ight attenti0eness(

CO@,LETE $ELI2ER)NCE N!', i# any !ne sh!uld &ut the .uesti!n, 'hethe I ad/it any 0ie' at

all, he sh!uld be ans'e ed thus: The ,e #e%t One is # ee # !/ any the! y, #! the ,e #e%t One has

unde st!!d 'hat %! &! eality is, and h!' it a ises, and &asses a'ay( He has unde st!!d 'hat #eeling is, and h!' it a ises, and &asses a'ay( He has unde st!!d 'hat &e %e&ti!n is, and h!' it a ises, and &asses a'ay( He has unde st!!d 'hat the /ental #! /ati!ns a e, and h!' they a ise, and &ass a'ay( He has unde st!!d 'hat %!ns%i!usness is, and h!' it a ises, and &asses a'ay( The e#! e, I say, the ,e #e%t One has '!n %!/&lete deli0e an%e th !ugh the e+tin%ti!n, #ading1a'ay, disa&&ea an%e, e8e%ti!n, and getting id !# all !&ini!ns and

%!n8e%tu es, !# all in%linati!n t! the 0aingl! y !# 7I7 and 7/ine(7 6hethe ,e #e%t Ones ;Buddhas< a&&ea in the '! ld ! 'hethe

,e #e%t Ones d! n!t a&&ea

in the '! ld, it still

e/ains a #i /

%!nditi!n, an i//utable #a%t and #i+ed la': that all #! /ati!ns a e i/&e /anent7 that all #! /ati!ns a e 7sub8e%t t! su##e ing73 that e0e ything is 7'ith!ut an Eg!(7 ;The '! d san-ha a A#! /ati!nsB %!/& ises all things 'hi%h ha0e 7#! /ed7 things,

a beginning and an end, the s!1%alled % eated, !

i(e(, all &!ssible &hysi%al and /ental %!nstituents !# e+isten%e(< ) %! &! eal &hen!/en!n, a #eeling, a &e %e&ti!n, a /ental #! /ati!n, a %!ns%i!usness, that is &e /anent and &e sistent, ete nal and n!t sub8e%t t! %hange: su%h a thing the 'ise /en in this '! ld d! n!t e%!gni"e3 and I als! say, the e is n! su%h thing( )nd it is i/&!ssible that a being &!ssessed !# Right Unde standing sh!uld ega d anything as the Eg!(

N!', i# s!/e!ne sh!uld say that Feeling is his Eg!, he sh!uld be ans'e ed thus: 7The e a e th ee -inds !# #eeling: &leasu able,

&ain#ul, and indi##e ent #eeling( 6hi%h !# these th ee #eelings, n!', d! y!u %!nside y!u Eg!*7 )t the /!/ent na/ely !# e+&e ien%ing t'!( These

!ne !# these #eelings !ne d!es n!t e+&e ien%e the !the

th ee -inds !# #eelings a e i/&e /anent, !# de&endent ! igin, a e sub8e%t t! de%ay and diss!luti!n, t! #ading1a'ay and e+tin%ti!n( 6h!s!e0e , in e+&e ien%ing !ne !# these #eelings, thin-s that this is his Eg!, 'ill, a#te the e+tin%ti!n !# that #eeling, ad/it that his his Eg! al eady in

Eg! has be%!/e diss!l0ed( )nd thus he 'ill %!nside

this & esent li#e as i/&e /anent, /i+ed u& 'ith &leasu e and &ain, sub8e%t t! ising and &assing a'ay(

I# any !ne sh!uld say that Feeling is n!t his Eg!, and that his Eg! is ina%%essible t! #eeling, he sh!uld be as-ed thus: 7N!', 'he e the e is n! #eeling, is it the e &!ssible t! say: =This a/ I*=7 O , s!/e!ne /ight say: 7Feeling, indeed, is n!t /y Eg!, but it als! is unt ue that /y Eg! is ina%%essible t! #eeling3 #! Eg! that #eels, #! it is /y

/y Eg! has the #a%ulty !# #eeling(7 Su%h a !ne

sh!uld be ans'e ed thus: 7Su&&!se, #eeling sh!uld be%!/e alt!gethe t!tally e+tinguished3 n!', i# the e, a#te #eeling, n! #eeling 'hate0e a/ I*=7 T! say that the /ind, ! the /ind1!b8e%ts, ! the the e+tin%ti!n !#

e+ists, it is then &!ssible t! say: =This

/ind1%!ns%i!usness, %!nstitute the Eg!3 su%h an asse ti!n is un#!unded( F! an a ising and a &assing a'ay is seen the e3 and seeing

this, !ne sh!uld %!/e t! the %!n%lusi!n that !ne=s Eg! a ises and &asses a'ay( It '!uld be bette #! the unlea ned '! ldling t! ele/ents, as his Eg!, ega d this than the /ind(

b!dy, built u& !# the #!u

athe

F! #!

it is e0ident that this b!dy /ay last #! th ee yea s, #!u , #i0e, ! ten yea s, !

a yea , #!

t'! yea s,

e0en a hund ed yea s and %!ns%i!usness,

/! e3 but that 'hi%h is %alled th!ught, !

/ind, !

is %!ntinu!usly, du ing day and night, a ising as !ne thing, and &assing a'ay as an!the The e#! e, 'hats!e0e thing( the e is !# %! &! eality, !# #eeling, !# !ne=s

&e %e&ti!n, !# /ental #! /ati!ns, !# %!ns%i!usness, 'hethe !'n ! e+te nal, g !ss ! subtle, l!#ty ! l!', #a !

nea 3 the e !ne

sh!uld unde stand a%%! ding t!

eality and t ue 'isd!/: 7This d!es n!t

bel!ng t! /e3 this a/ I n!t3 this is n!t /y Eg!(7 ;T! sh!' the Eg!lessness, utte e/&tiness !# e+isten%e,

2isuddhi1@agga :2I .u!tes the #!ll!'ing 0e se: @e e su##e ing e+ists, n! su##e e The deed is, but n! d!e is #!und3

!# the deed is the e3

Ni 0ana is, but n!t the /an that ente s it3 The ,ath is, but n! t a0ele !n it is seen(<

,)ST, ,RESENT, )N$ FUTURE I#, n!', any !ne sh!uld as-: 7Ha0e y!u been in the &ast, and is it unt ue that y!u ha0e n!t been* 6ill y!u be in the #utu e, and is it unt ue that y!u 'ill n!t be* ) e y!u, and is it unt ue that y!u a e n!t*71y!u /ay say that y!u ha0e been in the &ast, and it is unt ue that y!u ha0e n!t been3 that y!u 'ill be in the #utu e, and it is unt ue that y!u 'ill n!t be3 that y!u a e, and it is unt ue that y!u a e n!t( In the &ast !nly the &ast e+isten%e 'as eal, but un eal the

#utu e and & esent e+isten%e( In the #utu e !nly the #utu e e+isten%e 'ill be eal, but un eal the &ast and & esent e+isten%e( N!'

!nly the & esent e+isten%e is e+isten%e(

eal, but un eal the &ast and #utu e

2e ily, he 'h! &e %ei0es the $e&endent O iginati!n, &e %ei0es the t uth and he 'h! &e %ei0es the t uth, &e %ei0es the de&endent ! iginati!n( F! , 8ust as # !/ the %!' %!/es /il-, # !/ /il- %u ds, # !/ %u ds butte , # !/ butte ghee, # !/ ghee the s%u/ !# ghee3 and butte , ! ghee, !

'hen it is /il-, it is n!t %!unted as %u ds, !

s%u/ !# ghee, but !nly as /il-3 and 'hen it is %u ds, it is !nly %!unted as %u ds18ust s! 'as /y &ast e+isten%e at that ti/e eal,

but un eal the #utu e and & esent e+isten%e3 and /y #utu e e+isten%e 'ill be at !ne ti/e eal, but un eal the &ast and & esent e+isten%e3 eal, but un eal the &ast and #utu e designati!ns and

and /y & esent e+isten%e is n!'

e+isten%e( )ll these a e /e ely &!&ula

e+& essi!ns, /e e %!n0enti!nal te /s !# s&ea-ing, /e e &!&ula n!ti!ns( The ,e #e%t One, indeed, /a-es use !# these, 'ith!ut, h!'e0e , %linging t! the/( Thus, he 'h! d!es n!t unde stand %! &! eality, #eeling, &e %e&ti!n, /ental #! /ati!ns and %!ns%i!usness a%%! ding t! ;i(e(, as 0!id !# a &e s!nality, ! thei e+tin%ti!n, and the 'ay t! thei Eg!<, and n!t thei eality

a ising,

e+tin%ti!n, he is liable t! death, ! that he

belie0e, eithe

that the ,e #e%t One %!ntinues a#te death, and s! #! th(

d!es n!t %!ntinue a#te

2e ily, i# !ne h!lds the 0ie' that the 0ital & in%i&le

;Eg!<

is

identi%al 'ith this b!dy, in that %ase a h!ly li#e is n!t &!ssible3 ! , i# !ne h!lds the 0ie' that the 0ital & in%i&le is s!/ething .uite di##e ent # !/ the b!dy, in that %ase als! a h!ly li#e is n!t &!ssible( B!th these t'! E+t e/es the ,e #e%t One has a0!ided, and

sh!'n the @iddle $!%t ine, saying: $E,EN$ENT ORI5IN)TION On $elusi!n de&end the >a /a1F! /ati!ns( On the -a /a1#! /ati!ns de&ends C!ns%i!usness ;sta ting 'ith ebi th1%!ns%i!usness in the

'!/b !# the /!the <(1 On %!ns%i!usness de&ends the @ental and ,hysi%al E+isten%e(1On the /ental and &hysi%al e+isten%e de&end the Si+ Sense1O gans(1On the si+ sense1! gans de&ends the Sens! y I/& essi!n(1On the sens! y i/& essi!n de&ends Feeling(1On #eeling de&ends3 C a0ing(1On % a0ing de&ends Clinging( On %linging de&ends the , !%ess !# Be%!/ing(1On the & !%ess !# be%!/ing de&ends Rebi th(1On ;he e: -a /a& !%ess< !',

ebi th de&end $e%ay and $eath, s!

la/entati!n, &ain, g ie# and des&ai ( Thus a ises this 'h!le /ass !# su##e ing( This is %alled the n!ble t uth !# the ! igin !# su##e ing( In 'h!/, h!'e0e , $elusi!n has disa&&ea ed and 'isd!/ a isen, su%h a dis%i&le hea&s u& neithe /e it! i!us, n! de/e it! i!us, n!

i/&e tu bable >a /a1#! /ati!ns( Thus, th !ugh the enti e #ading a'ay and e+tin%ti!n !# this $elusi!n, the >a /a1F! /ati!ns a e e+tinguished( Th !ugh the e+tin%ti!n !# the >a /a1#! /ati!ns, C!ns%i!usness ; ebi th< is

e+tinguished( Th !ugh the e+tin%ti!n !# %!ns%i!usness, the @ental and ,hysi%al E+isten%e is e+tinguished( Th !ugh the e+tin%ti!n !# the /ental and &hysi%al e+isten%e, the si+ Sense1O gans a e e+tinguished( Th !ugh the e+tin%ti!n !# the si+ sense1! gans, the Sens! y I/& essi!n is e+tinguished( Th !ugh the e+tin%ti!n !# the sens! y i/& essi!n, Feeling is e+tinguished( Th !ugh the e+tin%ti!n !# #eeling, C a0ing is e+tinguished( Th !ugh the e+tin%ti!n !# % a0ing, Clinging is e+tinguished( Th !ugh the e+tin%ti!n !# %linging, the

, !%ess !# Be%!/ing is e+tinguished( Th !ugh the e+tin%ti!n !# the & !%ess !# be%!/ing, Rebi th is e+tinguished( Th !ugh the e+tin%ti!n !# ebi th, $e%ay and $eath, s! !', la/entati!n, &ain, g ie# and

des&ai

a e e+tinguished( Thus ta-es &la%e the e+tin%ti!n !# this

'h!le /ass !# su##e ing( This is %alled the N!ble T uth !# the E+tin%ti!n !# Su##e ing( >)R@): REBIRTH 1 ,RO$UCIN5 )N$ B)RREN

2e ily, be%ause beings, !bst u%ted by $elusi!n, and ensna ed by C a0ing, n!' he e n!' the e see- e0e a%ti!n %!/es t! e0e # esh Rebi th( and delusi!n, that i&ens # esh delight, the e#! e su%h

)nd the a%ti!n that is d!ne !ut !# g eed, ange

s& ings # !/ the/, has its s!u %e and ! igin the e: this a%ti!n 'he e0e !ne is eb! n3 and 'he e0e this a%ti!n

i&ens, the e !ne the ne+t

e+&e ien%es the # uits !# this a%ti!n, be it in this li#e, ! li#e, ! in s!/e #utu e li#e(

H!'e0e , th !ugh the #ading a'ay !# delusi!n th !ugh the a ising !# 'isd!/, th !ugh the e+tin%ti!n !# % a0ing, n! #utu e ta-es &la%e again F! the a%ti!ns, 'hi%h a e n!t d!ne !ut !# g eed, ange and s!u %e ebi th

delusi!n, 'hi%h ha0e n!t s& ung # !/ the/, 'hi%h ha0e n!t thei

and ! igin the e1su%h a%ti!ns a e, th !ugh the absen%e !# g eed, ange and delusi!n, aband!ned, !!ted !ut, li-e a &al/1t ee t! n !ut !#

the s!il, dest !yed, and n!t liable t! s& ing u& again( In this es&e%t !ne /ay ightly say !# /e: that I tea%h the &u &!se !#

annihilati!n, that I & !&!und /y d!%t ine #!

annihilati!n, and that I he ein t ain /y dis%i&les3 #! , %e tainly, I d! tea%h annihilati!n1the annihilati!n, na/ely, !# g eed, ange

and delusi!n, as 'ell as !# the /ani#!ld e0il and un'h!les!/e things( ;7$e&endent O iginati!n7 is the tea%hing !# the st i%t %!n#! /ity t! la' !# e0e ything that ha&&ens, 'hethe &hysi%al, ! in the eal/ !# the

the &sy%hi%al( It sh!'s h!' the t!tality !# &hen!/ena,

&hysi%al and /ental, the enti e &hen!/enal '! ld that de&ends 'h!lly u&!n the si+ senses, t!gethe 'ith all its su##e ing1and this is the

0ital &!int !# the tea%hing is n!t the /e e &lay !# blind %han%e, but has an e+isten%e that is de&endent u&!n %!nditi!ns3 and that, & e%isely 'ith the e/!0al !# these %!nditi!ns, th!se things that ha0e

a isen in de&enden%e u&!n the/1thus als! all su##e ing1/ust &e #! %e disa&&ea and %ease t! be(< SECON$ STE, RI5HT @IN$E$NESS 6H)T, n!', is Right @indedness* It is th!ughts # ee # !/ lust3 th!ughts # ee # !/ ill1'ill3 th!ughts # ee # !/ % uelty( This is %alled ight /indedness(

N!', Right @indedness, let /e tell y!u, is !# t'! -inds: C( Th!ughts # ee # !/ lust, # !/ ill1'ill, and # !/ % uelty:1this is %alled the 7@undane Right @indedness,7 'hi%h yields '! ldly # uits and b ings g!!d esults( the e is !# thin-ing, %!nside ing, eas!ning,

D( But, 'hats!e0e th!ught,

ati!%inati!n, a&&li%ati!n1the /ind being h!ly, being

tu ned a'ay # !/ the '! ld, and %!n8!ined 'ith the &ath, the h!ly &ath being &u sued1: these 72e bal O&e ati!ns7 !# the /ind a e %alled the 7Ult a/undane Right @indedness 'hi%h is n!t !# the '! ld, but is ult a /undane, and %!n8!ined 'ith the &aths( N!', in unde standing ' !ng1/indedness as ' !ng, and

ight1/indedness as ste&<3 a !use

ight, !ne & a%ti%es Right Unde standing

;Cst

and in /a-ing e##! ts t! !0e %!/e e0il1/indedness, and t! ight1/indedness, !ne & a%ti%es Right E##! t ;Gth ste&<3

and in !0e %!/ing e0il1/indedness 'ith attenti0e /ind, and d'elling 'ith attenti0e /ind in &!ssessi!n !# Right )ttenti0eness ;Hth ste&<( ight1/indedness, !ne & a%ti%es

Hen%e, the e a e th ee things that ight

a%%!/&any and #!ll!' u&!n unde standing, THIR$ STE,

ight1/indedness, na/ely: ight attenti0eness(

ight e##! t, and

THIR$ STE, RI5HT S,EECH 6H)T, n!', is Right S&ee%h* It is abstaining # !/ lying3 abstaining # !/ tale1bea ing3 abstaining # !/ ha sh language3 abstaining # !/ 0ain tal-( The e, s!/e!ne a0!ids lying, and abstains # !/ it( He s&ea-s the t uth, is de0!ted t! the t uth, a de%ei0e eliable, '! thy !# %!n#iden%e, is n!t a/!ngst &e!&le, ! in the

!# /en( Being at a /eeting, ! elati0es, ! in a s!%iety, !

/idst !# his

in the -ing=s %!u t, and

%alled u&!n and as-ed as 'itness, t! tell 'hat he -n!'s, he ans'e s, i# he -n!'s n!thing: 7I -n!' n!thing73 and i# he -n!'s, he ans'e s: 7I -n!'73 i# he has seen n!thing, he ans'e s: 7I ha0e seen n!thing,7 and i# he has seen, he ans'e s: 7I ha0e seen(7 Thus, he ne0e -n!'ingly s&ea-s a lie, neithe #! the sa-e !# an!the #! the sa-e !# his !'n ad0antage, n! #! the sa-e !# any

&e s!n=s ad0antage, n!

ad0antage 'hats!e0e ( He a0!ids tale1bea ing, and abstains # !/ it( 6hat he has hea d he e, he d!es n!t e&eat the e, s! as t! %ause dissensi!n the e3 and

'hat he hea d the e, he d!es n!t

e&eat he e, s! as t! %ause

dissensi!n he e( Thus he unites th!se that a e di0ided3 and th!se that a e united, he en%!u ages( C!n%! d gladdens hi/, he delights and e8!i%es in %!n%! d, and it is %!n%! d that he s& eads by his '! ds( He a0!ids ha sh language, and abstains # !/ it( He s&ea-s su%h '! ds as a e gentle, s!!thing t! the ea , l!0ing, g!ing t! the hea t, %!u te!us and dea , and ag eeable t! /any( ;In @a88hi/a1Ni-aya, N!( DC, the Buddha says: 7E0en, O /!n-s, sh!uld !bbe s and /u de e s sa' th !ugh y!u 'ay t! ange li/bs and 8!ints, 'h!s! ga0e thus !ught

the eat, '!uld n!t be #!ll!'ing /y ad0i%e( F!

y!u t! t ain y!u sel0es: 7=Undistu bed shall !u !u /ind e/ain, n! e0il '! ds shall es%a&e e/ain, 'ith hea t

li&s3 # iendly and #ull !# sy/&athy shall 'e

#ull !# l!0e, and # ee # !/ any hidden /ali%e3 and that &e s!n shall 'e &enet ate 'ith l!0ing th!ughts, 'ide, dee&, b!undless, # eed # !/ ange and hat ed(=7< ight

He a0!ids 0ain tal-, and abstains # !/ it( He s&ea-s at the

ti/e, in a%%! dan%e 'ith #a%ts, s&ea-s 'hat is use#ul, s&ea-s ab!ut the la' and the dis%i&line3 his s&ee%h is li-e a t easu e, at the ight /!/ent a%%!/&anied by a gu/ents, /!de ate and #ull !# sense( This is %alled N!', ight s&ee%h(

ight s&ee%h, let /e tell y!u, is !# t'! -inds: C( )bstaining

# !/ lying, # !/ tale1bea ing, # !/ ha sh language, and # !/ 0ain tal-3 this is %alled the 7@undane Right S&ee%h, 'hi%h yields '! ldly # uits and b ings g!!d D( But the abh! esults(

en%e !# the & a%ti%e !# this #!u 1#!ld ' !ng e# aining the e# !/1the /ind

s&ee%h, the abstaining, 'ithh!lding,

being h!ly, being tu ned a'ay # !/ the '! ld, and %!n8!ined 'ith the &ath, the h!ly &ath being &u sued1: this is %alled the 7Ult a/undane Right S&ee%h, 'hi%h is n!t !# the '! ld, but is ult a/undane, and %!n8!ined 'ith the &aths( N!', in unde standing ' !ng s&ee%h as ' !ng, and ight, !ne & a%ti%es Right Unde standing ight s&ee%h as and in /a-ing

;Cst ste&B3

e##! ts t! !0e %!/e e0il s&ee%h and t! a !use & a%ti%es Right E##! t ;Gth ste&<3

ight s&ee%h, !ne

and in !0e %!/ing ' !ng s&ee%h

'ith attenti0e /ind, and d'elling 'ith attenti0e /ind in &!ssessi!n !# ight s&ee%h, !ne & a%ti%es Right )ttenti0eness ;Hth ste&<( ight Hen%e,

the e a e th ee things that a%%!/&any and #!ll!' u&!n attenti0eness( FOURTH STE, RI5HT )CTION

6H)T, n!', is Right )%ti!n* It is abstaining # !/ -illing3 abstaining # !/ stealing3 abstaining # !/ unla'#ul se+ual inte %!u se( The e, s!/e!ne a0!ids the -illing !# li0ing beings, and abstains # !/ it( 6ith!ut sti%- ! is an+i!us #! s'! d, %!ns%ienti!us, #ull !# sy/&athy, he

the 'el#a e !# all li0ing beings( &e s!n

He a0!ids stealing, and abstains # !/ it3 'hat an!the &!ssesses !# g!!ds and %hattels in the 0illage ! d!es n!t ta-e a'ay 'ith thie0ish intent(

in the '!!d, that he

He a0!ids unla'#ul se+ual inte %!u se, and abstains # !/ it( He has n! inte %!u se 'ith su%h &e s!ns as a e still unde !# #athe , /!the , b !the , siste '!/en, n! ! elati0es, n! the & !te%ti!n ied

'ith /a

#e/ale %!n0i%ts, n! , lastly, 'ith bet !thed gi ls(

This is %alled Right )%ti!n(

N!', Right )%ti!n, let /e tell y!u, is !# t'! -inds: C( )bstaining # !/ -illing, # !/ stealing, and # !/ unla'#ul se+ual inte %!u se1this is %alled the 7@undane Right )%ti!n, 'hi%h yields '! ldly # uits and b ings g!!d esults( But the abh! en%e !# the & a%ti%e !# this e# aining

th ee1#!ld ' !ng a%ti!n, the abstaining, 'ithh!lding,

the e# !/1the /ind being h!ly, being tu ned a'ay # !/ the '! ld, and %!n8!ined 'ith the &ath, the h!ly &ath being &u sued1: this is %alled the 7Ult a/undane Right )%ti!n,7 'hi%h is n!t !# the '! ld, but is ult a/undane, and %!n8!ined 'ith the &aths( N!', in unde standing ' !ng a%ti!n as ' !ng, and ight, !ne & a%ti%es Right Unde standing ight a%ti!n as and in /a-ing

;Cst ste&<3

e##! ts t! !0e %!/e ' !ng a%ti!n, and t! a !use & a%ti%es Right E##! t ;Gth ste&<3

ight a%ti!n, !ne

and in !0e %!/ing ' !ng a%ti!n

'ith attenti0e /ind, and d'elling 'ith attenti0e /ind in &!ssessi!n !# ight a%ti!n, !ne & a%ti%es Right )ttenti0eness ;Hth ste&<( Hen%e,

the e a e th ee things that a%%!/&any and #!ll!' u&!n na/ely: ight unde standing, ight e##! t, and FIFTH STE, RI5HT LI2IN5

ight a%ti!n,

ight attenti0eness(

6H)T, n!', is Right Li0ing* 6hen the n!ble dis%i&le, a0!iding a ' !ng 'ay !# li0ing, gets his li0elih!!d by a this is %alled Right Li0ing( N!', ight li0ing, let /e tell y!u, is !# t'! -inds: C( 6hen the ight 'ay !# li0ing,

n!ble dis%i&le, a0!iding ' !ng li0ing, gets his li0elih!!d by a ight 'ay !# li0ing1this is %alled the 7@undane Right Li0ing,7 'hi%h yields '! ldly # uits and b ings g!!d D( But the abh! esults(

en%e !# ' !ng li0ing, the abstaining,

'ithh!lding,

e# aining the e# !/1the /ind being h!ly, being tu ned

a'ay # !/ the '! ld, and %!n8!ined 'ith the &ath, the h!ly &ath being &u sued1: this is %alled the 7Ult a/undane Right Li0ing,7 'hi%h is n!t !# the '! ld, but is ult a/undane, and %!n8!ined 'ith the &aths( N!', in unde standing ' !ng li0ing as ' !ng, and ight, !ne & a%ti%es Right Unde standing ight li0ing as and in /a-ing

;Cst ste&<3

e##! ts t! !0e %!/e ' !ng li0ing, t! a !use & a%ti%es Right E##! t ;Gth ste&<3

ight li0ing, !ne

and in !0e %!/ing ' !ng li0ing

'ith attenti0e /ind, and d'elling 'ith attenti0e /ind in &!ssessi!n !# ight li0ing, !ne & a%ti%es Right )ttenti0eness ;Hth ste&<( Hen%e,

the e a e th ee things that a%%!/&any and #!ll!' u&!n na/ely: ight unde standing, ight e##! t, and SI:TH STE, RI5HT EFFORT 6H)T, n!', is Right E##! t* The e a e F!u

ight li0ing,

ight attenti0eness(

5 eat E##! ts: the e##! t

t! a0!id, the e##! t t! !0e %!/e, the e##! t t! de0el!&, and the e##! t t! /aintain( 6hat, n!', is the e##! t t! a0!id* The e, the dis%i&le in%ites his /ind t! a0!id the a ising !# e0il, de/e it! i!us things that ha0e n!t yet a isen3 and he st i0es, &uts #! th his ene gy, st ains his /ind and st uggles( Thus, 'hen he &e %ei0es a #! / 'ith the eye, a s!und 'ith the ea , an !d! b!dy, ! 'ith the n!se, a taste 'ith the t!ngue, a %!nta%t 'ith the an !b8e%t 'ith the /ind, he neithe adhe es t! the 'h!le, n!

t! its &a ts( )nd he st i0es t! 'a d !## that th !ugh 'hi%h e0il and de/e it! i!us things, g eed and s! !', '!uld a ise, i# he e/ained

'ith ungua ded senses3 and he 'at%hes !0e senses( ,!ssessed !# this n!ble 7C!nt !l !0e

his senses,

est ains his

the Senses,7 he e+&e ien%es

in'a dly a #eeling !# 8!y, int! 'hi%h n! e0il thing %an ente ( This is %alled the e##! t t! a0!id( 6hat, n!', is the e##! t t! O0e %!/e* The e, the dis%i&le in%ites his /ind t! !0e %!/e the e0il, de/e it! i!us things that ha0e al eady a isen3 and he st i0es, &uts #! th his ene gy, st ains his /ind and st uggles( He d!es n!t g ie#, ! etain any th!ught !# sensual lust, ill1'ill, ! e0il and de/e it! i!us states that /ay ha0e

any !the

a isen3 he aband!ns the/, dis&els the/, dest !ys the/, %auses the/ t! disa&&ea ( FI2E @ETHO$S OF E:,ELLIN5 E2IL THOU5HTS I#, 'hilst ega ding a %e tain !b8e%t, the e a ise in the

dis%i&le, !n a%%!unt !# it, e0il and de/e it! i!us th!ughts %!nne%ted 'ith g eed, ange and delusi!n, then the dis%i&le sh!uld, by and 'h!les!/e !b8e%t( O , he sh!uld

/eans !# this !b8e%t, gain an!the

e#le%t !n the /ise y !# these th!ughts: 7Un'h!les!/e, t uly, a e these th!ughts9 Bla/eable a e these th!ughts9 O# &ain#ul esult a e

these th!ughts97 O , he sh!uld &ay n! attenti!n t! these th!ughts( O , he sh!uld %!nside the %!/&!und natu e !# these th!ughts( O , 'ith

teeth %len%hed and t!ngue & essed against the gu/s, he sh!uld, 'ith his /ind, est ain, su&& ess and !!t !ut these th!ughts3 and in d!ing and delusi!n

s!, these e0il and de/e it! i!us th!ughts !# g eed, ange

'ill diss!l0e and disa&&ea 3 and the /ind 'ill in'a dly be%!/e settled and %al/, %!/&!sed and %!n%ent ated(

This is %alled the e##! t t! !0e %!/e( 6hat, n!', is the e##! t t! $e0el!&* The e the dis%i&le in%ites his 'ill t! a !use /e it! i!us %!nditi!ns that ha0e n!t yet a isen3 and he st i0es, &uts #! th his ene gy, st ains his /ind and st uggles( Thus he de0el!&s the 7Ele/ents !# Enlighten/ent,7 bent !n s!litude, !n deta%h/ent, !n e+tin%ti!n, and ending in deli0e an%e, na/ely: )ttenti0eness, In0estigati!n !# the La', Ene gy, Ra&tu e, T an.uility, C!n%ent ati!n, and E.uani/ity( This is %alled the e##! t t! de0el!&( 6hat, n!', is the e##! t t! @aintain* The e, the dis%i&le in%ites his 'ill t! /aintain the /e it! i!us %!nditi!ns that ha0e al eady a isen, and n!t t! let the/ disa&&ea , but t! b ing the/ t! g !'th, t! /atu ity and t! the #ull &e #e%ti!n !# de0el!&/ent3 and he st i0es, &uts #! th his ene gy, st ains his /ind and st uggles( Thus, #! e+a/&le, he -ee&s #i /ly in his /ind a #a0! able !b8e%t !#

%!n%ent ati!n that has a isen, as the /ental i/age !# a s-elet!n, !# a %! &se in#ested by '! /s, !# a %! &se blue1bla%- in %!l! , !# a #este ing %! &se, !# a %! &se s'!llen u&( This is %alled the e##! t t! /aintain( T uly, the dis%i&le 'h! is &!ssessed !# #aith and has &enet ated the Tea%hing !# the @aste , he is #illed 'ith the th!ught: 7@ay s-in, sine's and b!nes 'ithe athe iddled 'ith h!les, !# a %! &se

a'ay, /ay the #lesh and bl!!d !# /y b!dy

d y u&: I shall n!t gi0e u& /y e##! ts s! l!ng as I ha0e n!t attained 'hate0e endea0! 97 This is %alled ight e##! t( is attainable by /anly &e se0e an%e, ene gy and

The e##! t !# )0!iding, O0e %!/ing, O# $e0el!&ing and @aintaining: These #!u g eat e##! ts ha0e been sh!'n

By hi/, the s%i!n !# the sun( )nd he 'h! #i /ly %lings t! the/, @ay &ut an end t! all the &ain( SE2ENTH STE, RI5HT )TTENTI2ENESS 6H)T, n!', is Right )ttenti0eness* The !nly 'ay that leads t! the attain/ent !# &u ity, t! the !0e %!/ing !# s! !' and la/entati!n, ight &ath

t! the end !# &ain and g ie#, t! the ente ing u&!n the and the eali"ati!n !# Ni 0ana, is the 7F!u

Funda/entals !#

)ttenti0eness(7 )nd 'hi%h a e these #!u * In the/, the dis%i&le d'ells in %!nte/&lati!n !# the B!dy, in %!nte/&lati!n !# Feeling, in %!nte/&lati!n !# the @ind, in %!nte/&lati!n !# the @ind1!b8e%ts, a dent, %lea ly %!ns%i!us and attenti0e, a#te g eed and g ie#( CONTE@,L)TION OF THE BO$4 But, h!' d!es the dis%i&le d'ell in %!nte/&lati!n !# the b!dy* The e, the dis%i&le eti es t! the #! est, t! the #!!t !# a t ee, ! &utting a'ay '! ldly

t! a s!lita y &la%e, sits hi/sel# d!'n, 'ith legs % !ssed, b!dy e e%t, and 'ith attenti0eness #i+ed be#! e hi/( 6ith attenti0e /ind he b eathes in, 'ith attenti0e /ind he b eathes !ut( 6hen /a-ing a l!ng inhalati!n, he -n!'s: 7I /a-e a l!ng inhalati!n73 'hen /a-ing a l!ng e+halati!n, he -n!'s: 7I /a-e a l!ng e+halati!n(7 'hen /a-ing a sh! t inhalati!n, he -n!'s: 7I /a-e a sh! t inhalati!n73 'hen /a-ing a sh! t e+halati!n, he -n!'s: 7I /a-e

a sh! t e+halati!n(7 7Clea ly &e %ei0ing the enti e

;b eath<1b!dy,

'ill b eathe in7: thus he t ains hi/sel#3 7%lea ly &e %ei0ing the enti e ;b eath<1b!dy, I 'ill b eathe !ut7: thus he t ains hi/sel#(

7Cal/ing this b!dily #un%ti!n, I 'ill b eathe n7: thus he t ains hi/sel#3 7%al/ing this b!dily #un%ti!n, I 'ill b eathe !ut7: thus he t ains hi/sel#( Thus he d'ells in %!nte/&lati!n !# the b!dy, eithe his !'n &e s!n, ! t! !the &e s!ns, ! 'ith ega d t!

t! b!th( He beh!lds h!' the

b!dy a ises3 beh!lds h!' it &asses a'ay3 beh!lds the a ising and &assing a'ay !# the b!dy( 7) b!dy is the e1 7) b!dy is the e, but n! li0ing being, n! indi0idual, n! '!/an, n! /an, n! sel#, and n!thing that bel!ngs t! a sel#3 neithe &e s!n, n! this %lea anything bel!nging t! a &e s!n71 a

%!ns%i!usness is & esent in hi/, be%ause !# his -n!'ledge

and /ind#ulness, and he li0es inde&endent, unatta%hed t! anything in the '! ld( Thus d!es the dis%i&le d'ell in %!nte/&lati!n !# the b!dy( )nd #u the , 'hilst g!ing, standing, sitting, ! lying d!'n, the

dis%i&le unde stands the e+& essi!ns: 7I g!73 7I stand73 7I sit73 7I lie d!'n73 he unde stands any &!siti!n !# the b!dy( ;The dis%i&le unde stands that it is n!t a being, a eal Eg!, that

g!es, stands, et%(, but that it is by a /e e #igu e !# s&ee%h that !ne says: 7I g!,7 7I stand,7 and s! #! th(< )nd #u the , the dis%i&le is %lea ly %!ns%i!us in his g!ing and %!/ing3 %lea ly %!ns%i!us in l!!-ing #! 'a d and ba%-'a d3 %lea ly %!ns%i!us in bending and st et%hing3 %lea ly %!ns%i!us in eating, d in-ing, %he'ing, and tasting3 %lea ly %!ns%i!us in dis%ha ging e+% e/ent and u ine3 %lea ly %!ns%i!us in 'al-ing, standing,

sitting, #alling aslee& and a'a-ening3 %lea ly %!ns%i!us in s&ea-ing and in -ee&ing silent( 7In all the dis%i&le is d!ing, he is %lea ly %!ns%i!us: !# his intenti!n, !# his ad0antage, !# his duty, !# the eality(7

)nd #u the , the dis%i&le %!nte/&lates this b!dy # !/ the s!le !# the #!!t u&'a d, and # !/ the t!& !# the hai st et%hed !0e d!'n'a d, 'ith a s-in

it, and #illed 'ith /ani#!ld i/&u ities: 7This b!dy !',

%!nsists !# hai s, nails, teeth, s-in, #lesh, sine's, b!nes, /a

-idneys, hea t, li0e , dia&h ag/, s&leen, lungs, intestines, b!'els, st!/a%h, and e+% e/ent3 !# bile, &hleg/, &us, bl!!d, s'eat, ly/&h, tea s, se/en, s&ittle, nasal /u%us, !il !# the 8!ints, and u ine(7 ?ust as i# the e 'e e a sa%-, 'ith !&enings at b!th ends, #illed 'ith all -inds !# g ain1'ith &addy, beans, sesa/u/ and hus-ed i%e1and

a /an n!t blind !&ened it and e+a/ined its %!ntents, thus: 7That is &addy, these a e beans, this is sesa/u/, this is hus-ed d!es the dis%i&le in0estigate this b!dy( )nd #u the , the dis%i&le %!nte/&lates this b!dy 'ith ega d t! i%e7: 8ust s!

the ele/ents: 7This b!dy %!nsists !# the s!lid ele/ent, the li.uid ele/ent, the heating ele/ent and the 0ib ating ele/ent(7 ?ust as a s-illed but%he ! but%he =s a&& enti%e, 'h! has slaughte ed a %!' and

di0ided it int! se&a ate &! ti!ns, sh!uld sit d!'n at the 8un%ti!n !# #!u 'ith high !ads: 8ust s! d!es the dis%i&le %!nte/&late this b!dy ega d t! the ele/ents(

)nd #u the , 8ust as i# the dis%i&le sh!uld see a %! &se th !'n int! the bu ial1g !und, !ne, t'!, ! blue1bla%- in %!l! , #ull !# %! th ee days dead, s'!llen1u&, u&ti!n he d a's the %!n%lusi!n as

t! his !'n b!dy: 7This /y b!dy als! has this natu e, has this destiny,

and %ann!t es%a&e it(7 )nd #u the , 8ust as i# the dis%i&le sh!uld see a %! &se th !'n int! the bu ial1g !und, eaten by % !'s, ha'-s ! 0ultu es, by d!gs ! 8a%-als, ! gna'ed by all -inds !# '! /s1he d a's

the %!n%lusi!n as t! his !'n b!dy: 7This /y b!dy als! has this natu e, has this destiny, and %ann!t es%a&e it(7 )nd #u the , 8ust as i# the dis%i&le sh!uld see a %! &se th !'n int! the bu ial1g !und, a # a/e'! - !# b!nes, #lesh hanging # !/ it, bes&atte ed 'ith bl!!d, held t!gethe by the sine's3 a # a/e'! - !# by the

b!nes, st i&&ed !# #lesh, bes&atte ed 'ith bl!!d, held t!gethe sine's3 a # a/e'! - !# b!nes, 'ith!ut #lesh and bl!!d, but still held t!gethe

by the sine's3 b!nes, dis%!nne%ted and s%atte ed in

all di e%ti!ns, he e a b!ne !# the hand, the e a b!ne !# the #!!t, the e a shin b!ne, the e a thigh b!ne, the e the &el0is, the e the s&ine, the e the s-ull1he d a's the %!n%lusi!n as t! his !'n b!dy: 7This /y b!dy als! has this natu e, has this destiny, and %ann!t es%a&e it(7 )nd #u the , 8ust as i# the dis%i&le sh!uld see b!nes lying in the bu ial g !und, blea%hed and t!gethe , a#te ese/bling shells3 b!nes hea&ed

the la&se !# yea s3 b!nes 'eathe ed and % u/bled t!

dust31he d a's the %!n%lusi!n as t! his !'n b!dy: 7This /y b!dy als! has this natu e, has this destiny, and %ann!t es%a&e it 7 Thus he d'ells in %!nte/&lati!n !# the b!dy, eithe his !'n &e s!n, ! t! !the &e s!ns, ! 'ith ega d t!

t! b!th( He beh!lds h!' the

b!dy a ises3 beh!lds h!' it &asses a'ay3 beh!lds the a ising and &assing !# the b!dy( 7) b!dy is the e7 this %lea %!ns%i!usness is

& esent in hi/, be%ause !# his -n!'ledge and /ind#ulness3 and he li0es inde&endent, unatta%hed t! anything in the '! ld( Thus d!es the

dis%i&le d'ell in %!nte/&lati!n !# the b!dy( THE TEN BLESSIN5S On%e the %!nte/&lati!n !# the b!dy is & a%ti%ed, de0el!&ed, !#ten e&eated, has be%!/e !ne=s habit, !ne=s #!undati!n, is #i /ly established, st engthened and 'ell &e #e%ted, !ne /ay e+&e%t ten blessings: O0e $elight and $is%!ntent !ne has /aste y3 !ne d!es n!t all!'

hi/sel# t! be !0e %!/e by dis%!ntent3 !ne subdues it, as s!!n as it a ises( One %!n.ue s Fea be !0e %!/e by #ea and )n+iety3 !ne d!es n!t all!' hi/sel# t!

and an+iety3 !ne subdues the/, as s!!n as they and thi st, 'ind and sun,

a ise( One endu es %!ld and heat, hunge atta%-s by gad#lies, /!s.uit!es and

e&tiles3 &atiently !ne endu es

'i%-ed and /ali%i!us s&ee%h, as 'ell as b!dily &ains, that be#all !ne, th!ugh they be &ie %ing, sha &, bitte , un&leasant, disag eeable and dange !us t! li#e( The #!u 7T an%es,7 the /ind best!'ing ha&&iness

e0en he e: these !ne /ay en8!y at 'ill, 'ith!ut di##i%ulty, 'ith!ut e##! t( One /ay en8!y the di##e ent 7@agi%al ,!'e s(7 6ith the 7Hea0enly Ea ,7 the &u i#ied, the su&e 1hu/an, !ne /ay hea b!th -inds !#

s!unds, the hea0enly and the ea thly, the distant and the nea ( 6ith the /ind !ne /ay !btain 7Insight int! the Hea ts !# Othe !the Beings !#

&e s!ns( One /ay !btain 7Re/e/b an%e !# /any , e0i!us Bi ths(7

6ith the 7Hea0enly Eye,7 the &u i#ied, the su&e 1hu/an, !ne /ay see beings 0anish and ea&&ea , the base and the n!ble, the beauti#ul

and the ugly, the ha&&y and the un#! tunate3 !ne /ay &e %ei0e h!' beings a e eb! n a%%! ding t! thei deeds(

One /ay, th !ugh the 7Cessati!n !# ,assi!ns,7 %!/e t! -n!' #!

!nesel#, e0en in this li#e, the stainless deli0e an%e !# /ind, the deli0e an%e th !ugh 'isd!/( CONTE@,L)TION OF THE FEELIN5S But h!' d!es the dis%i&le d'ell in %!nte/&lati!n !# the #eelings* In e+&e ien%ing #eelings, the dis%i&le -n!'s: 7I ha0e an indi##e ent ag eeable #eeling,7 ! 7I ha0e a disag eeable #eeling,7 ! 7I ha0e

an indi##e ent #eeling,7 !

7I ha0e a '! ldly ag eeable #eeling,7 ! 7I ha0e a '! ldly

7I ha0e an un'! ldly ag eeable #eeling,7 ! disag eeable #eeling,7 ! #eeling,7 !

7I ha0e an un'! ldly disag eeable ha0e an

7I ha0e a '! ldly indi##e ent #eeling,7 !

un'! ldly indi##e ent #eeling( Thus he d'ells in %!nte/&lati!n !# the #eelings, eithe ega d t! his !'n &e s!n, ! t! !the &e s!ns, ! 'ith

t! b!th( He

beh!lds h!' the #eelings a ise3 beh!lds h!' they &ass a'ay3 beh!lds the a ising and &assing a'ay !# the #eelings( 7Feelings a e the e7: this %lea %!ns%i!usness is & esent in hi/, be%ause !# his -n!'ledge

and /ind#ulness3 and he li0es inde&endent, unatta%hed t! anything in the '! ld( Thus d!es the dis%i&le d'ell in %!nte/&lati!n !# the #eelings( ;The dis%i&le unde stands that the e+& essi!n 7I #eel7 has n! 0alidity e+%e&t as an e+& essi!n !# %!//!n s&ee%h3 he unde stands that, in the abs!lute sense, the e a e !nly #eelings, and that the e is n! Eg!, n! &e s!n, n! e+&e ien%e !# the #eelings(< CONTE@,L)TION OF THE @IN$ But h!' d!es the dis%i&le d'ell in %!nte/&lati!n !# the /ind* The dis%i&le -n!'s the g eedy /ind as g eedy, and the n!t g eedy /ind as n!t g eedy3 -n!'s the ang y /ind as ang y, and the n!t ang y /ind as

n!t ang y3 -n!'s the deluded /ind as deluded, and the undeluded /ind as undeluded( He -n!'s the % a/&ed /ind as % a/&ed, and the s%atte ed /ind as s%atte ed3 -n!'s the de0el!&ed /ind as de0el!&ed, and the unde0el!&ed /ind as unde0el!&ed3 -n!'s the su &assable /ind as su &assable, and the unsu &assable /ind as unsu &assable3 -n!'s the %!n%ent ated /ind as %!n%ent ated, and the un%!n%ent ated /ind as un%!n%ent ated3 -n!'s the # eed /ind as # eed, and the un# eed /ind as un# eed( ;7@ind7 is he e used as a %!lle%ti0e #! the /!/ents !#

%!ns%i!usness( Being identi%al 'ith %!ns%i!usness, it sh!uld n!t be t anslated by 7th!ught(7 7Th!ught7 and 7thin-ing7 %! es&!nd athe t!

the s!1%alled 70e bal !&e ati!ns !# the /ind73 they a e n!t, li-e %!ns%i!usness, !# & i/a y, but !# se%!nda y natu e, and a e enti ely absent in all sensu!us %!ns%i!usness, as 'ell as in the se%!nd, thi d and #!u th T an%es( ASee eighth ste&B(< 'ith ega d t!

Thus he d'ells in %!nte/&lati!n !# the /ind, eithe his !'n &e s!n, ! t! !the &e s!ns, !

t! b!th( He beh!lds h!'

%!ns%i!usness a ises3 beh!lds h!' it &asses a'ay3 beh!lds the a ising and &assing a'ay !# %!ns%i!usness( 7@ind is the e73 this %lea %!ns%i!usness is & esent in hi/, be%ause !# his -n!'ledge and /ind#ulness3 and he li0es inde&endent, unatta%hed t! anything in the '! ld( Thus d!es the dis%i&le d'ell in %!nte/&lati!n !# the /ind( CONTE@,L)TION OF ,HENO@EN) A@ind1!b8e%tsB

But h!' d!es the dis%i&le d'ell in %!nte/&lati!n !# the &hen!/ena* Fi st, the dis%i&le d'ells in %!nte/&lati!n !# the &hen!/en, !# the 7Fi0e Hind an%es(7 He -n!'s 'hen the e is 7Lust7 in hi/: 7In /e is lust73 -n!'s 'hen

the e is 7)nge 7 in hi/: 7In /e is ange 73 -n!'s 'hen the e is 7T! &! and $ !'siness7 in hi/: 7In /e is t! &! the e is 7Restlessness and @ental 6! estlessness and /ental '! and d !'siness73 -n!'s 'hen

y7 in hi/: 7In /e is

y73 -n!'s 'hen the e a e 7$!ubts7 in

hi/: 7In /e a e d!ubts(7 He -n!'s 'hen these hind an%es a e n!t in hi/: 7In /e these hind an%es a e n!t(7 He -n!'s h!' they %!/e t! a ise3 -n!'s h!', !n%e a isen, they a e !0e %!/e3 -n!'s h!', !n%e !0e %!/e, they d! n!t ;F! ise again in the #utu e(

e+a/&le, Lust a ises th !ugh un'ise thin-ing !n the ag eeable

and delight#ul( it /ay be su&& essed by the #!ll!'ing si+ /eth!ds: #i+ing the /ind u&!n an idea that a !uses disgust3 %!nte/&lati!n !# the l!aths!/eness !# the b!dy3 %!nt !lling !ne=s si+ senses3 /!de ati!n in eating3 # iendshi& 'ith 'ise and g!!d /en3 inst u%ti!n( Lust is #! e0e ight

e+tinguished u&!n ent an%e int! ea%hing ) ahatshi&3

)naga/ishi&3 Restlessness is e+tinguished by @ental 6! y, by ea%hing S!ta&anshi&(<

)nd #u the : the dis%i&le d'ells in %!nte/&lati!n !# the &hen!/ena, !# the #i0e 5 !u&s !# E+isten%e( He -n!'s 'hat C! &! eality is, h!' it a ises, h!' it &asses a'ay3 -n!'s 'hat Feeling is, h!' it a ises, h!' it a'ay3 -n!'s 'hat ,e %e&ti!n is, h!' it a ises, h!' it &asses a'ay3 -n!'s 'hat the @ental F! /ati!ns a e, h!' they a ise, h!' they &ass a'ay3 -n!'s 'hat C!ns%i!usness is, h!' it a ises, h!' it &asses a'ay( )nd #u the : the dis%i&le d'ells in %!nte/&lati!n !# the &hen!/ena !# the si+ Sub8e%ti0e1Ob8e%ti0e Sense1Bases( He -n!'s eye and 0isual !b8e%ts, ea and s!unds, n!se and !d! s, t!ngue and tastes, b!dy and that a ises in

t!u%hes, /ind and /ind !b8e%ts3 and the #ette

de&enden%e !n the/, he als! -n!'s( He -n!'s h!' the #ette a ise, -n!'s h!' the #ette #ette d!es n!t

%!/es t!

is !0e %!/e, and h!' the aband!ned

ise again in #utu e(

)nd #u the : the dis%i&le d'ells in %!nte/&lati!n !# the &hen!/ena !# the se0en Ele/ents !# Enlighten/ent( The dis%i&le -n!'s 'hen the e is )ttenti0eness in hi/3 'hen the e is In0estigati!n !# the La' in hi/3 'hen the e is Ene gy in hi/3 'hen the e is Enthusias/ in hi/3 'hen the e is T an.uility in hi/3 'hen the e is C!n%ent ati!n in hi/3 'hen the e is E.uani/ity in hi/( He -n!'s 'hen it is n!t in hi/, -n!'s h!' it %!/es t! a ise, and h!' it is #ully de0el!&ed( )nd #u the : the dis%i&le d'ells in %!nte/&lati!n !# the &hen!/ena !# the F!u N!ble T uths( He -n!'s a%%! ding t! eality, 'hat

Su##e ing is3 -n!'s a%%! ding t! is3 -n!'s a%%! ding t! -n!'s a%%! ding t!

eality, 'hat the O igin !# Su##e ing

eality, 'hat the E+tin%ti!n !# Su##e ing is3

eality, 'hat the ,ath is that leads t! the

E+tin%ti!n !# Su##e ing( Thus he d'ells in %!nte/&lati!n !# the &hen!/ena, eithe t! his !'n &e s!n, ! t! !the &e s!ns, ! 'ith ega d

t! b!th( He beh!lds h!' the

&hen!/ena a ise3 beh!lds h!' they &ass a'ay3 beh!lds the a ising and &assing a'ay !# the &hen!/ena( 7,hen!/ena a e the e this %!ns%i!usness is & esent in hi/ be%ause !# his -n!'ledge and /ind#ulness3 and he li0es inde&endent, unatta%hed t! anything in the '! ld( Thus d!es the dis%i&le d'ell in %!nte/&lati!n !# the &hen!/ena( The !nly 'ay that leads t! the attain/ent !# &u ity, t! the !0e %!/ing !# s! !' and la/entati!n, t! the end !# &ain and g ie#, t! ight &ath, and the eali"ati!n !# Ni 0ana, is

the ente ing u&!n the these #!u

#unda/entals !# attenti0eness(

NIR2)N) THROU5H 6)TCHIN5 O2ER BRE)THIN5 76at%hing !0e the #!u In1and Out1b eathing7 & a%ti%ed and de0el!&ed, b ings

Funda/entals !# )ttenti0eness t! &e #e%ti!n3 the #!u

#unda/entals !# attenti0eness, & a%ti%ed and de0el!&ed b ing the se0en Ele/ents !# Enlighten/ent t! &e #e%ti!n3 the se0en ele/ents !# enlighten/ent, & a%ti%ed and de0el!&ed, b ing 6isd!/ and $eli0e an%e t! &e #e%ti!n( But h!' d!es 6at%hing !0e de0el!&ed, b ing the #!u I( 6hene0e e+halati!n, ! In1and Out1b eathing, & a%ti%ed and

Funda/entals !# )ttenti0eness t! &e #e%ti!n*

the dis%i&le is %!ns%i!us in /a-ing a l!ng inhalati!n ! in /a-ing a sh! t inhalati!n ! e+halati!n, ! is

t aining hi/sel# t! inhale ! ;b eath<1b!dy, !

e+hale 'hilst #eeling the 'h!le

'hilst %al/ing d!'n this b!dily #un%ti!n1at su%h

a ti/e the dis%i&le is d'elling in 7%!nte/&lati!n !# the b!dy,7 !# ene gy, %lea ly %!ns%i!us, attenti0e, a#te subduing '! ldly g eed and

g ie#( F! , inhalati!n and e+halati!n I %all !ne a/!ngst the %! &! eal &hen!/ena( II( 6hene0e 'hilst #eeling the dis%i&le is t aining hi/sel# t! inhale ! a&tu e, ! 8!y, ! the /ental #un%ti!ns, ! e+hale 'hilst

%al/ing d!'n the /ental #un%ti!ns1at su%h a ti/e he is d'elling in 7%!nte/&lati!n !# the #eelings,7 #ull !# ene gy, %lea ly %!ns%i!us, attenti0e, a#te subduing '! ldly g eed and g ie#( F! , the #ull

a'a eness !# in1and !utb eathing I %all !ne a/!ngst the #eelings( III( 6hene0e the dis%i&le is t aining hi/sel# t! inhale ! 'hilst gladdening the /ind ! e+hale

'hilst #eeling the /ind, ! %!n%ent ating the /ind, !

'hilst

'hilst setting the /ind # ee1at su%h a ti/e

he is d'elling in 7%!nte/&lati!n !# the /ind,7 #ull !# ene gy, %lea ly

%!ns%i!us, attenti0e, a#te

subduing '! ldly g eed and g ie#( F! , %!ns%i!usness, I say, the e is n!

'ith!ut attenti0eness and %lea 6at%hing !0e I2( 6hene0e

in1and Out1b eathing( the dis%i&le is t aining hi/sel# t! inhale ! e+hale

'hilst %!nte/&lating i/&e /anen%e, ! e+tin%ti!n, !

the #ading a'ay !# &assi!n, !

deta%h/ent at su%h a ti/e he is d'elling in

7%!nte/&lati!n !# the &hen!/ena,7 #ull !# ene gy, %lea ly %!ns%i!us, attenti0e, a#te 6at%hing !0e b ings the #!u subduing '! ldly g eed and g ie#( In1and Out1b eathing, thus & a%ti%ed and de0el!&ed, Funda/entals !# )ttenti0eness t! &e #e%ti!n( Funda/entals !# )ttenti0eness, & a%ti%ed and

But h!' d! the #!u

de0el!&ed, b ing the se0en Ele/ents !# Enlighten/ent t! #ull &e #e%ti!n* 6hene0e the dis%i&le is d'elling in %!nte/&lati!n !# b!dy, #eeling,

/ind and &hen!/ena, st enu!us, %lea ly %!ns%i!us, attenti0e, a#te subduing '! ldly g eed and g ie#1at su%h a ti/e his attenti0eness is undistu bed3 and 'hene0e his attenti0eness is & esent and

undistu bed, at su%h a ti/e he has gained and is de0el!&ing the Ele/ent !# Enlighten/ent 7)ttenti0eness73 and thus this ele/ent !# enlighten/ent ea%hes #ullest &e #e%ti!n(

)nd 'hene0e , 'hilst d'elling 'ith attenti0e /ind, he 'isely in0estigates, e+a/ines and thin-s !0e the La'1at su%h a ti/e he has

gained and is de0el!&ing the Ele/ent !# Enlighten/ent 7In0estigati!n !# the La'73 and thus this ele/ent !# enlighten/ent &e #e%ti!n( )nd 'hene0e , 'hilst 'isely in0estigating, e+a/ining and thin-ing !0e the la', his ene gy is #i / and unsha-en1at su%h a ti/e he has ea%hes #ullest

gained and is de0el!&ing the Ele/ent !# Enlighten/ent 7Ene gy73 and thus this ele/ent !# enlighten/ent )nd 'hene0e ea%hes #ullest &e #e%ti!n(

in hi/, 'hilst #i / in ene gy, a ises su&e sensu!us

a&tu e1at su%h a ti/e he has gained and is de0el!&ing the Ele/ent !# Enlighten/ent 7Ra&tu e73 and thus this ele/ent !# enlighten/ent ea%hes #ullest &e #e%ti!n( )nd 'hene0e , 'hilst en a&tu ed in /ind, his s&i itual # a/e and his /ind be%!/e t an.uil1at su%h a ti/e he has gained and is de0el!&ing the Ele/ent !# Enlighten/ent 7T an.uility73 and thus this ele/ent !# enlighten/ent ea%hes #ullest &e #e%ti!n(

)nd 'hene0e , 'hilst being t an.uili"ed in his s&i itual # a/e and ha&&y, his /ind be%!/es %!n%ent ated1at su%h a ti/e he has gained and is de0el!&ing the Ele/ent !# Enlighten/ent 7C!n%ent ati!n3 and thus this ele/ent !# enlighten/ent )nd 'hene0e ea%hes #ullest &e #e%ti!n(

he th! !ughly l!!-s 'ith indi##e en%e !n his /ind

thus %!n%ent ated1at su%h a ti/e he has gained and is de0el!&ing the Ele/ent !# Enlighten/ent 7E.uani/ity(7 The #!u #unda/entals !# attenti0eness, thus & a%ti%ed and

de0el!&ed, b ing the se0en ele/ents !# enlighten/ent t! #ull &e #e%ti!n( But h!' d! the se0en ele/ents !# enlighten/ent, & a%ti%ed and de0el!&ed, b ing 6isd!/ and $eli0e an%e t! #ull &e #e%ti!n* The e, the dis%i&le is de0el!&ing the ele/ents !# enlighten/ent: )ttenti0eness, In0estigati!n !# the La', Ene gy, Ra&tu e, T an.uility, C!n%ent ati!n and E.uani/ity, bent !n deta%h/ent, !n absen%e !# desi e, !n e+tin%ti!n and enun%iati!n(

Thus & a%ti%ed and de0el!&ed, d! the se0en ele/ents !# enlighten/ent

b ing 'isd!/ and deli0e an%e t! #ull &e #e%ti!n( ?ust as the ele&hant hunte d i0es a huge sta-e int! the g !und t! d i0e

and %hains the 'ild ele&hant t! it by the ne%-, in ! de

!ut !# hi/ his '!nted #! est 'ays and 'ishes, his #! est un uliness, !bstina%y and 0i!len%e, and t! a%%ust!/ hi/ t! the en0i !n/ent !# the 0illage, and t! tea%h hi/ su%h g!!d beha0i! a/!ngst /en: in li-e /anne /ind #i /ly t! these #!u as is e.ui ed

als! has the n!ble dis%i&le t! #i+ his #unda/entals !# attenti0eness, s! that he

/ay d i0e !ut !# hi/sel# his '!nted '! ldly 'ays and 'ishes, his '!nted '! ldly un uliness, !bstina%y and 0i!len%e, and 'in t! the T ue, and eali"e Ni 0ana( EI5HTH STE, RI5HT CONCENTR)TION 6H)T, n!', is Right C!n%ent ati!n* Fi+ing the /ind t! a single !b8e%t A7One1&!intedness !# /ind7B: this is %!n%ent ati!n( Ase0enth ste&B: these a e

The #!u

Funda/entals !# )ttenti0eness

the !b8e%ts !# %!n%ent ati!n( The #!u #! 5 eat E##! ts Asi+th ste&B: these a e the e.uisites

%!n%ent ati!n( The & a%ti%ing, de0el!&ing and %ulti0ating !# these things: this

is the 7$e0el!&/ent7 !# %!n%ent ati!n( ;Right C!n%ent ati!n has t'! deg ees !# de0el!&/ent: C( 7Neighb! h!!d1C!n%ent ati!n,7 'hi%h a&& !a%hes the #i st t an%e, 'ith!ut h!'e0e attaining it3 D( 7)ttain/ent C!n%ent ati!n,7 'hi%h t an%es( The attain/ent !# the eali"ati!n !# the

is the %!n%ent ati!n & esent in the #!u the t an%es, h!'e0e , is n!t a F!u

e.uisite #!

Ult a/undane ,aths !# H!liness3 and neithe

Neighb! h!!d1C!n%ent ati!n n! any 'ay &!ssesses the &!'e

)ttain/ent1C!n%ent ati!n, as su%h, in ing ent y int! the F!u eally n! &!'e t! # ee

!# %!n#e

Ult a/undane ,aths3 hen%e, in the/ is

!nesel# &e /anently # !/ e0il things( The

eali"ati!n !# the F!u

Ult a/undane ,aths is &!ssible !nly at the /!/ent !# insight int! the i/&e /anen%y, /ise able natu e, and i/&e s!nality !# &hen!/enal & !%ess !# e+isten%e( This insight is attainable !nly du ing Neighb! h!!d1C!n%ent ati!n, n!t du ing )ttain/ent1C!n%ent ati!n( He 'h! has 'ith!ut e0e One,7 ! 'h! a#te eali"ed !ne ! !the !# the F!u Ult a/undane ,aths

ha0ing attained the T an%es, is %alled a 7$ y10isi!ned

!ne 'h!se &assi!ns a e 7d ied u& by Insight(7 He, h!'e0e , %ulti0ating the T an%es has ea%hed !ne !# the

Ult a/undane ,aths, is %alled 7!ne 'h! has ta-en t an.uility as his 0ehi%le(7< THE FOUR TR)NCES $eta%hed # !/ sensual !b8e%ts, deta%hed # !/ un'h!les!/e things, the dis%i&le ente s int! the #i st t an%e, 'hi%h is a%%!/&anied by 72e bal Th!ugh,7 and 7Ru/inati!n,7 is b! n !# 7$eta%h/ent,7 and #illed 'ith 7Ra&tu e,7 and 7Ha&&iness(7 This #i st t an%e is # ee # !/ #i0e things, and #i0e things a e & esent( 6hen the dis%i&le ente s the #i st t an%e, the e ha0e 0anished ;the 5 Hind an%es<: Lust, Ill1'ill, T! &! and $ullness,

Restlessness and @ental 6!

y, $!ubts3 and the e a e & esent: 2e bal

Th!ught, Ru/inati!n, Ra&tu e, Ha&&iness, and C!n%ent ati!n( )nd #u the : a#te the subsiding !# 0e bal th!ught and u/inati!n,

and by the gaining !# in'a d t an.uility and !neness !# /ind, he ente s int! a state # ee # !/ 0e bal th!ught and u/inati!n, the

se%!nd t an%e, 'hi%h is b! n !# C!n%ent ati!n, and #illed 'ith Ra&tu e and Ha&&iness( )nd #u the : a#te the #ading a'ay !# a&tu e, he d'ells in

e.uani/ity, attenti0e, %lea ly %!ns%i!us3 and he e+&e ien%es in his &e s!n that #eeling, !# 'hi%h the N!ble Ones say: 7Ha&&y li0es the /an !# e.uani/ity and attenti0e /ind71thus he ente s the thi d t an%e( )nd #u the : a#te the gi0ing u& !# &leasu e and &ain, and th !ugh

the disa&&ea an%e !# & e0i!us 8!y and g ie#, he ente s int! a state bey!nd &leasu e and &ain, int! the #!u th t an%e, 'hi%h is &u i#ied by e.uani/ity and attenti0eness( ;The #!u T an%es /ay be !btained by /eans !# 6at%hing !0e In1and

Out1b eathing, as 'ell as th !ugh the #!u th subli/e /editati!n, the 7@editati!n !# E.uani/ity,7 and !the s( The th ee !the Subli/e @editati!ns !# 7L!0ing >indness,7

7C!/&assi!n7, and 7Sy/&atheti% ?!y7 /ay lead t! the attain/ent !# the #i st th ee T an%es( The 7Ce/ete y @editati!ns,7 as 'ell as the /editati!n 7On L!aths!/eness,7 'ill & !du%e !nly the Fi st T an%e( The 7)nalysis !# the B!dy,7 and the C!nte/&lati!n !n the Buddha, the La', the H!ly B !the h!!d, @! ality, et%(, 'ill !nly & !du%e Neighb! h!!d1C!n%ent ati!n(< $e0el!& y!u %!n%ent ati!n: #! he 'h! has %!n%ent ati!n unde stands

things a%%! ding t! thei

eality( )nd 'hat a e these things* The

a ising and &assing a'ay !# %! &! eality, !# #eeling, &e %e&ti!n, /ental #! /ati!ns and %!ns%i!usness( Thus, these #i0e 5 !u&s !# E+isten%e /ust be 'isely &enet ated3 $elusi!n and C a0ing /ust be 'isely aband!ned3 T an.uility and Insight /ust be 'isely de0el!&ed(

This is the @iddle ,ath 'hi%h the ,e #e%t One has dis%!0e ed, 'hi%h /a-es !ne b!th t! see and t! -n!', and 'hi%h leads t! &ea%e, t! dis%e n/ent, t! enlighten/ent, t! Ni 0ana( )nd #!ll!'ing u&!n this &ath, y!u 'ill &ut an end t! su##e ing( $E2ELO,@ENT OF THE EI5HTFOL$ ,)TH IN THE $ISCI,LE CONFI$ENCE )N$ RI5HT1@IN$E$NESS SU,,OSE a h!useh!lde , ! his s!n, ! ADnd Ste&B eb! n in any

s!/e!ne

#a/ily, hea s the la'3 and a#te

hea ing the la' he is #illed 'ith

%!n#iden%e in the ,e #e%t One( )nd #illed 'ith this %!n#iden%e, he thin-s: 7Full !# hind an%es is h!useh!ld li#e, a e#use hea&3 but

&ilg i/ li#e is li-e the !&en ai ( N!t easy is it, 'hen !ne li0es at h!/e, t! #ul#ill in all &!ints the I 'e e t! %ut !## hai ules !# the h!ly li#e( H!', i# n!' !be and g!

and bea d, &ut !n the yell!'

#! th # !/ h!/e t! the h!/eless li#e*7 )nd in a sh! t ti/e, ha0ing gi0en u& his /! e ! s/alle ! la ge less e+tensi0e &!ssessi!ns, ha0ing #! sa-en a elati!ns, he %uts !## hai and bea d,

%i %le !#

&uts !n the yell!' li#e(

!be, and g!es #! th # !/ h!/e t! the h!/eless

@OR)LIT4

AE d, Fth, 5th Ste&B ules !# the /!n-s( He

Ha0ing thus le#t the '! ld, he #ul#ills the

a0!ids the -illing !# li0ing beings and abstains # !/ it( 6ith!ut sti%- ! s'! d, %!ns%ienti!us, #ull !# sy/&athy, he is an+i!us #! the

'el#a e !# all li0ing beings(1He a0!ids stealing, and abstains # !/ ta-ing 'hat is n!t gi0en t! hi/( Only 'hat is gi0en t! hi/ he ta-es, 'aiting till it is gi0en3 and he li0es 'ith a hea t h!nest and &u e(1He a0!ids un%hastity, li0ing %haste, # !/ se+ual inte %!u se, the 0ulga esigned, and -ee&ing al!!#

'ay(1He a0!ids lying and

abstains # !/ it( He s&ea-s the t uth, is de0!ted t! the t uth, eliable, '! thy !# %!n#iden%e, is n!t a de%ei0e !# /en(1He a0!ids

tale1bea ing and abstains # !/ it( 6hat he has hea d he e, he d!es n!t e&eat the e, s! as t! %ause dissensi!n the e3 and 'hat he has hea d the e, he d!es n!t e&eat he e, s! as t! %ause dissensi!n he e( Thus

he unites th!se that a e di0ided, and th!se that a e united he en%!u ages3 %!n%! d gladdens hi/, he delights and e8!i%es in %!n%! d,

and it is %!n%! d that he s& eads by his '! ds(1He a0!ids ha sh language and abstains # !/ it( He s&ea-s su%h '! ds as a e gentle, s!!thing t! the ea , l!0ing, g!ing t! the hea t, %!u te!us and dea , and ag eeable t! /any(1 He a0!ids 0ain tal- and abstains # !/ it( He s&ea-s at the ight ti/e, in a%%! dan%e 'ith #a%ts, s&ea-s 'hat is

use#ul, s&ea-s ab!ut the la' and the dis%i&le3 his s&ee%h is li-e a t easu e, at the and #ull !# sense( He -ee&s al!!# # !/ dan%e, s!ng, /usi% and the 0isiting !# sh!'s3 e8e%ts #l!'e s, &e #u/es, !int/ents, as 'ell as e0e y -ind !# ad! n/ent and e/bellish/ent( High and g! ge!us beds he d!es n!t use( 5!ld and sil0e he d!es n!t a%%e&t( Ra' %! n and /eat he d!es n!t ight /!/ent a%%!/&anied by a gu/ents, /!de ate,

a%%e&t( 6!/en and gi ls he d!es n!t a%%e&t( He !'ns n! /ale and #e/ale sla0es, !'ns n! g!ats, shee&, #!'ls, &igs, ele&hants, %!'s ! h! ses, n! land and g!!ds( He d!es n!t g! !n e ands and d! the duties

!# a /essenge ( He -ee&s al!!# # !/ buying and selling things( He has n!thing t! d! 'ith #alse /easu es, /etals and 'eights( He a0!ids the % !!-ed 'ays !# b ibe y, de%e&ti!n and # aud( He -ee&s al!!# # !/ stabbing, beating, %haining, atta%-ing, &lunde ing and !&& essing(

He %!ntents hi/sel# 'ith the

!be that & !te%ts his b!dy, and 'ith he g!es, he is

the al/s 'ith 'hi%h he -ee&s hi/sel# ali0e( 6he e0e

& !0ided 'ith these t'! things3 8ust as a 'inged bi d, in #lying, %a ies his 'ings al!ng 'ith hi/( By #ul#illing this n!ble $!/ain !# e& !a%hable ha&&iness( AGth Ste&B

@! ality he #eels in his hea t an i

CONTROL OF THE SENSES

N!', in &e %ei0ing a #! / 'ith the eye1 a s!und 'ith the ea 1 an !d! 'ith the n!se1 a taste 'ith the t!ngue1 a t!u%h 'ith the b!dy1 an t! the 'h!le, n! t! its

!b8e%t 'ith his /ind, he sti%-s neithe

details( )nd he t ies t! 'a d !## that 'hi%h, by being ungua ded in his senses, /ight gi0e and s! ise t! e0il and un'h!les!/e states, t! g eed his senses, -ee& his senses unde %!nt !l(

!'3 he 'at%hes !0e

By & a%ti%ing this n!ble 7C!nt !l !# the Senses7 he #eels in his hea t an unble/ished ha&&iness( )TTENTI2ENESS )N$ CLE)R CONSCIOUSNESS AHth Ste&B

Clea ly %!ns%i!us is he in his g!ing and %!/ing3 %lea ly %!ns%i!us in l!!-ing #! 'a d and ba%-'a d3 %lea ly %!ns%i!us in bending and st et%hing his b!dy3 %lea ly %!ns%i!us in eating, d in-ing, %he'ing and tasting3 dea ly %!ns%i!us in dis%ha ging e+% e/ent and u ine3 %lea ly %!ns%i!us in 'al-ing, standing, sitting, #alling aslee& and a'a-ening3 %lea ly %!ns%i!us in s&ea-ing and -ee&ing silent( N!', being e.ui&&ed 'ith this l!#ty @! ality, e.ui&&ed 'ith this n!ble C!nt !l !# the Senses, and #illed 'ith this n!ble 7)ttenti0eness and Clea C!ns%i!usness, he %h!!ses a se%luded d'elling in the #! est, !%- %a0e, !n a !n a hea& !#

at the #!!t !# a t ee, !n a /!untain, in a %le#t, in a bu ial g !und, !n a '!!dy table1land, in the !&en ai , ! st a'( Ha0ing etu ned # !/ his al/s1 !und, a#te

the /eal, he sits

hi/sel# d!'n 'ith legs % !ssed, b!dy e e%t, 'ith attenti0eness #i+ed be#! e hi/( )BSENCE OF THE FI2E HIN$R)NCES He has %ast a'ay Lust3 he d'ells 'ith a hea t # ee # !/ lust3 # !/ lust he %leanses his hea t( He has %ast a'ay Ill1'ill3 he d'ells 'ith a hea t # ee # !/ ill1'ill3 %he ishing l!0e and %!/&assi!n t!'a d all li0ing beings, he %leanses his hea t # !/ ill1'ill( He has %ast a'ay T! &! and $ullness3 he d'ells # ee # !/ t! &! and

dullness3 l!0ing the light, 'ith 'at%h#ul /ind, 'ith %lea %!ns%i!usness, he %leanses his /ind # !/ t! &! He has %ast a'ay Restlessness and @ental 6! and dullness( y3 d'elling 'ith /ind

undistu bed, 'ith hea t #ull !# &ea%e, he %leanses his /ind # !/ estlessness and /ental '! y(

He has %ast a'ay $!ubt3 d'elling # ee # !/ d!ubt, #ull !# %!n#iden%e in the g!!d, he %leanses his hea t # !/ d!ubt( THE TR)NCES AIth Ste&B

He has &ut aside these #i0e Hind an%es and %!/e t! -n!' the &a aly"ing %! i/& essi!ns, #a T an%es( INSI5HT But 'hats!e0e ACst Ste&B u&ti!ns !# the /ind( )nd #a # !/ sensual

# !/ un'h!les!/e things, he ente s int! the F!u

the e is !# #eeling, &e %e&ti!n, /ental #! /ati!n, ! ega ds as 7i/&e /anent,7

%!ns%i!usness1all these &hen!/ena he

7sub8e%t t! &ain,7 as in#i /, as an ul%e , a th! n, a /ise y, a bu den, an ene/y, a distu ban%e, as e/&ty and 70!id !# an Eg!73 and tu ning a'ay # !/ these things, he di e%ts his /ind t!'a ds the

abiding, thus: 7This, 0e ily, is the ,ea%e, this is the Highest, na/ely the end !# all #! /ati!ns, the #! sa-ing !# e0e y subst atu/ !# ebi th, the #ading a'ay !# % a0ing3 deta%h/ent, e+tin%ti!n: Ni 0ana(7 )nd in this state he ea%hes the 7Cessati!n !# ,assi!ns(7 NIR2)N) )nd his hea t be%!/es # ee # !/ sensual &assi!n, # ee # !/ the &assi!n #! e+isten%e, # ee # !/ the &assi!n !# ign! an%e( 7F eed a/

I97: this -n!'ledge a ises in the libe ated !ne3 and he -n!'s: 7E+hausted is ebi th, #ul#illed the H!ly Li#e3 'hat 'as t! be d!ne, e/ains /! e #! this '! ld t! d!(7

has been d!ne3 naught F! e0e

a/ I libe ated,

This is the last ti/e that I=/ b! n, N! ne' e+isten%e 'aits #! /e(

This, 0e ily, is the highest, h!liest 'isd!/: t! -n!' that all su##e ing has &assed a'ay( This, 0e ily, is the highest, h!liest &ea%e: a&&ease/ent !# g eed, hat ed and delusi!n( THE SILENT THIN>ER 7I a/7 is a 0ain th!ught3 7I a/ n!t7 a 0ain th!ught3 7I shall be7 is a 0ain th!ught3 7I shall n!t be7 is a 0ain th!ught( 2ain th!ughts a e a si%-ness, an ul%e , a th! n( But a#te !0e %!/ing all 0ain

th!ughts, !ne is %alled silent thin-e (7 )nd the thin-e , the Silent One, d!es n! /! e a ise, n! /! e &ass a'ay, n! /! e t e/ble, n! /! e desi e( F! the e is n!thing in hi/ that he sh!uld a ise again( )nd as

he a ises n! /! e, h!' sh!uld he g !' !ld again* )nd as he g !'s n! /! e !ld, h!' sh!uld he die again* )nd as he dies n! /! e, h!' sh!uld he t e/ble* )nd as he t e/bles n! /! e, h!' sh!uld he ha0e

desi e* THE TRUE 5O)L Hen%e, the &u &!se !# the H!ly Li#e d!es n!t %!nsist in a%.ui ing al/s, h!n! , ! #a/e, n! in gaining /! ality, %!n%ent ati!n, ! the

eye !# -n!'ledge( That unsha-able deli0e an%e !# the hea t: that, 0e ily, is the !b8e%t !# the H!ly Li#e, that is its essen%e, that is its g!al( )nd th!se, 'h! #! /e ly, in the &ast, 'e e H!ly and Enlightened Ones, th!se Blessed Ones als! ha0e &!inted !ut t! thei dis%i&les this

sel#1sa/e g!al, as has been &!inted !ut by /e t! /y dis%i&les( )nd th!se, 'h! a#te 'a ds, in the #utu e, 'ill be H!ly and Enlightened Ones, th!se Blessed Ones als! 'ill &!int !ut t! thei dis%i&les this

sel#1sa/e g!al, as has been &!inted !ut by /e t! /y dis%i&les( H!'e0e , $is%i&les, it /ay be that Aa#te /y &assing a'ayB y!u

/ight thin-: 75!ne is the d!%t ine !# !u /! e(7 But y!u sh!uld n!t thin-3 #! I ha0e taught y!u, 6ill, a#te

@aste ( 6e ha0e n! @aste

the La' and the $is%i&line, 'hi%h /aste (

/y death, be y!u light, e#uge9 any !the

The La' be y!u The La' be y!u $! n!t l!!- #!

e#uge9

$is%i&les, the d!%t ines, 'hi%h I ad0ised y!u t! &enet ate, y!u sh!uld 'ell & ese 0e, 'ell gua d, s! that this H!ly Li#e /ay ta-e its %!u se and %!ntinue #! ages, #! the 'eal and 'el#a e !# the the ha&&iness, 'eal and

/any, as a %!ns!lati!n t! the '! ld, #! 'el#a e !# hea0enly beings and /en(

THE EN$